A 3D printing molding device for architectural models

Abstract

This invention discloses a 3D printing molding device for architectural models, belonging to the field of additive manufacturing technology. The device includes a base, a printing platform, a gantry, an X / Y / Z three-axis motion mechanism, an extrusion-type printing nozzle assembly, a material rack, an extruder unit, a waste material recovery device, a multi-point measurement and compensation system, and a controller. The extruder unit feeds filament into the barrel, and the heating module melts the material before it is extruded through the nozzle. The waste material recovery device is used to extract residual material during material changes or printing interruptions. The multi-point measurement and compensation system includes a laser displacement sensor and an image acquisition device, which can measure the surface morphology of the printed layers in real time and compare it with the 3D model. The controller automatically corrects the printing path of the next layer based on the deviation. This invention achieves online waste material recovery and real-time inter-layer morphology compensation during the printing process, forming a closed-loop control of "detection-compensation-recovery," significantly improving the molding accuracy and material utilization rate of complex and irregular structures in architectural models.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing technology, and more specifically to a 3D printing molding apparatus for architectural models. Background Technology

[0002] 3D printing of architectural models utilizes additive manufacturing technology to rapidly construct scaled-down physical models, and is widely used in fields such as architectural scheme demonstration, design verification, and urban planning. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is the most mainstream architectural model forming process. Its working principle is to heat and melt thermoplastic filaments and then extrude them layer by layer through a nozzle to form a model. However, existing FDM-type architectural model 3D printing equipment still has the following technical problems:

[0003] (1) Difficulty in handling residual material in the printhead. During FDM printing, when the printing material needs to be replaced or printing is interrupted, a large amount of molten material remains inside the barrel and nozzle. If this residual material is not cleaned in time, it will cool and carbonize in the inner wall of the barrel and the nozzle, causing nozzle blockage, affecting the subsequent printing accuracy, or even causing printing failure. Although a few existing devices are equipped with waste recycling modules, they are mainly for offline recycling of failed prints or waste filaments, and it is difficult to realize online automatic recycling of residual material in the printhead during the printing process.

[0004] (2) Lack of online detection and real-time compensation for interlayer morphology. Architectural models typically have complex irregular curved surfaces and intricate eaves structures, and the printing quality of each layer directly determines the final forming accuracy. Existing technologies lack online detection methods for the surface morphology of printed layers during the printing process, making it impossible to detect interlayer deviations in a timely manner and to compensate and correct subsequent printing paths in real time, resulting in the accumulation of errors layer by layer. Although there has been research on vision-based online monitoring of FDM in academia, it has not yet been systematically integrated into architectural model FDM forming devices to form a reliable "detection-feedback-compensation" closed-loop control. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems mentioned above, and provides a 3D printing molding device for architectural models, which realizes online waste material recycling and real-time interlayer morphology compensation during the printing process, forming a closed-loop control of "detection-compensation-recycling", which significantly improves the molding accuracy and material utilization rate of complex irregular structures of architectural models.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A 3D printing apparatus for architectural models, comprising: A base and a printing platform, wherein the printing platform is mounted on the base for supporting the printed architectural model; A gantry frame is movably mounted above the base; The X-axis linear module is installed on the crossbeam of the gantry frame; The Y-axis motion assembly is disposed on both sides of the base and connected to the gantry frame; The Z-axis lifting assembly is mounted on the base and connected to the printing platform, and is used to drive the printing platform to move up and down relative to the base. An extrusion printhead assembly, mounted on the X-axis linear module, includes a barrel, a heating module, and a nozzle. The heating module covers the outside of the barrel, and the nozzle is connected to the bottom of the barrel. The material rack, installed on the X-axis linear module, is used to support thermoplastic filaments; An extruder unit, installed on the X-axis linear module and located above the extrusion printhead assembly, is used to feed the filament into the barrel; The residual material recovery device is used to extract the residual material in the barrel when printing is interrupted or material is switched. A multi-point measurement compensation system includes a laser displacement sensor and an image acquisition device. The laser displacement sensor is mounted on the X-axis linear module and is arranged adjacent to the extrusion printhead assembly. It is used to measure the morphology data of the printed layer surface in real time. The image acquisition device is linked to the laser displacement sensor and is used to acquire the image data of the printed layer. The controller is connected to the X-axis linear module, Y-axis motion assembly, Z-axis lifting assembly, extruder unit, waste material recovery device, laser displacement sensor, and image acquisition device. The controller has a built-in error compensation algorithm to correct the printing path in real time based on the measurement data fed back by the laser displacement sensor and the image acquisition device.

[0007] Furthermore, the upper part of the material cylinder is provided with a residual material recovery port, and the residual material recovery device also includes a filter assembly, which is disposed in the residual material recovery device and is used to separate impurities in the recovered material.

[0008] Furthermore, the heating module includes a preheating zone and a heating zone. The preheating zone covers the upper part of the material cylinder, and the heating zone covers the lower part of the material cylinder and is located close to the nozzle.

[0009] Furthermore, the nozzle and the barrel are detachably connected, and the nozzle has an orifice diameter ranging from 0.4 mm to 1.2 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the printing platform is equipped with a heating element and a temperature measuring unit to maintain a constant temperature on the printing platform.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner wall of the barrel is provided with an anti-stick coating, which is a polytetrafluoroethylene coating.

[0012] Furthermore, the intelligent control method for the 3D printing molding device of the architectural model includes the following steps: S1. Import the 3D model data of the building model into the controller to generate a layered printing path; S2. Install the filament on the material rack, manually feed the end of the filament into the extruder unit, the controller controls the extruder unit to feed the filament into the barrel, and start the heating module to melt the material; S3. The controller controls the X-axis linear module, the Y-axis motion component and the Z-axis lifting component to move in coordination, driving the extrusion print head assembly to move along the printing path, while extruding molten material to build up layer by layer on the printing platform to form a building model; S4. During the printing process, the laser displacement sensor measures the morphology data of the printed layer surface in real time, the image acquisition device acquires the image data of the printed layer synchronously, and the controller compares the measurement data with the pre-generated three-dimensional model to determine whether there is a dimensional deviation. S5. If a deviation exists, the controller calculates a compensation path and performs path correction and extrusion amount adjustment in the next printing layer until all layers are printed; S6. After printing is complete, stop heating and remove the building model from the printing platform after it has cooled down; S7. When it is necessary to change the printing material or when printing is interrupted, the controller controls the extruder unit to reverse and retract the filament, and starts the residual material recovery device to extract the residual material in the barrel into the residual material recovery device.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S4, the controller compares the three-dimensional topography data obtained by the laser displacement sensor with the corresponding layer data of the three-dimensional model point by point to generate a deviation distribution map.

[0014] Furthermore, the waste material recycling device includes a recycling container and a negative pressure pump. The recycling container is connected to the upper part of the material cylinder through a high-temperature resistant pipeline, and the negative pressure pump is connected to the recycling container.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Eliminate material waste and achieve green manufacturing: By setting a residual material recovery port at the top of the barrel of the extrusion print head assembly, and in conjunction with a negative pressure pump and a recovery container, the residual material in the barrel can be automatically sucked up when changing materials or when printing is interrupted, avoiding material carbonization and clogging of the nozzle, thus realizing the recycling of printing materials.

[0016] 2. Achieving Online 3D Topographic Detection and Real-Time Path Compensation: A laser displacement sensor and image acquisition device are integrated into the X-axis linear module and positioned adjacent to the extrusion printhead assembly, enabling point-by-point real-time measurement and image acquisition of the surface topography of the printed layers. The controller compares the measured 3D topographic data with the 3D model layer by layer, and corrects the printing path and extrusion parameters of the next layer in real time upon detecting deviations. This forms a closed-loop control system of "detection-feedback-compensation," effectively preventing the accumulation of errors layer by layer and significantly improving the forming accuracy of complex irregular curved surfaces and intricate eaves structures in architectural models.

[0017] 3. Synergistic Effect of Recycling-Detection-Compensation Closed-Loop System: The residual material recycling device ensures that there is no residue in the nozzle during material replacement, reducing the frequency of extrusion anomalies caused by material mixing; the multi-point measurement and compensation system promptly captures deviations and corrects paths when extrusion anomalies are caused by poor recycling and cleaning. The synergistic effect of the two forms an integrated "recycling-detection-compensation" closed-loop system, which significantly improves the yield and material utilization of architectural model 3D printing. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the 3D printing molding device for architectural models.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the extrusion printhead assembly.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the control system in a 3D printing molding device for architectural models.

[0021] In the attached diagram, 1-base, 2-printing platform, 3-gantry frame, 31-column, 32-beam, 4-X-axis linear module, 41-mounting plate, 5-Y-axis motion assembly, 6-Z-axis lifting assembly, 61-base frame, 7-extrusion printhead assembly, 70-inlet, 71-barrel, 72-heating module, 73-nozzle, 74-anti-stick coating, 75-residue recovery port, 76-preheating zone, 77-heating zone, 8-residue recovery device, 81-recovery container, 82-negative pressure pump, 84-high temperature resistant pipeline, 91-laser displacement sensor, 92-image acquisition device, 10-controller, 11-heating element, 13-extruder unit, 14-filament. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that when a component is described as "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or it may be centered within another component. When a component is described as "set to" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or it may be centered within another component. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a 3D printing molding device for building models, including a base 1, a printing platform 2, a gantry 3, an X-axis linear module 4, a Y-axis motion assembly 5, a Z-axis lifting assembly 6, an extrusion printing nozzle assembly 7, a material rack, an extruder unit 13, a waste material recycling device 8, a multi-point measurement compensation system, and a controller 10.

[0026] In this embodiment, the base 1 is a rectangular casting structure, mounted on the worktable. The printing platform 2 is a heatable platform. Specifically, the printing platform 2 is internally equipped with a heating element 11 and a temperature measuring unit. As a conventional module in an FDM 3D printing device, the heating element 11 and temperature measuring unit embedded in the printing platform 2 are implemented using structures known in the art, such as a 3D printer heating base plate disclosed in Chinese Utility Model Patent Publication No. CN206589344U, and a zone heating plate disclosed in Chinese Utility Model Patent Publication No. CN210880931U. This solution directly applies the aforementioned known structures and will not be described in detail. The heating element 11 and the temperature measuring unit are used to maintain the platform temperature within a set range during the printing process to prevent the model from warping and deforming due to temperature fluctuations.

[0027] In this embodiment, the Z-axis lifting assembly 6 is mounted on the base 1 and connected to the printing platform 2, used to drive the printing platform 2 to move up and down relative to the base 1. Specifically, the Z-axis lifting assembly 6 adopts a Z-axis lead screw and nut mechanism. The motor body of the Z-axis lifting assembly 6 is fixed to one end of the base 1. The lead screw of the Z-axis lifting assembly 6 extends in a direction perpendicular to the base 1. The nut of the Z-axis lifting assembly 6 is connected to a bottom frame 61, and the bottom frame 61 extends in the Y direction of the base 1. The bottom frame 61 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the printing platform 2. The Z-axis lifting assembly 6 drives the printing platform 2 to move up and down relative to the base 1 through the bottom frame 61.

[0028] The Y-axis motion assembly 5 is located on both sides of the base 1 and connected to the gantry 3. The Y-axis motion assembly 5 drives the gantry 3 to move along the Y direction. Specifically, the Y-axis motion assembly 5 includes two sets of Y-direction screw and nut mechanisms, which are located on both sides of the base 1. The gantry 3 consists of two columns 31 and a crossbeam 32. The nuts of the two sets of Y-direction screw and nut mechanisms are connected to the two columns 31 of the gantry 3. The columns 31 extend in the Z direction perpendicular to the base 1. The crossbeam 32 connects the ends of the two columns 31 away from the Y-direction screw and nut mechanisms. When the two sets of Y-direction screw and nut mechanisms are in operation, they drive the gantry 3 to move along the Y direction.

[0029] The X-axis linear module 4 is mounted on the crossbeam 32 of the gantry frame 3. Specifically, the X-axis linear module 4 adopts an X-direction screw and nut mechanism, and its frame is mounted on the side of the crossbeam 32 facing the base 1.

[0030] In this embodiment, the extrusion printhead assembly 7 includes a barrel 71, a heating module 72, and a nozzle 73. The barrel 71 is mounted on the X-axis linear module 4. Specifically, a mounting plate 41 is fixedly connected to the side of the X-axis lead screw nut mechanism facing the base 1. The mounting plate 41 extends to both sides along the Y-axis, and the barrel 71 is mounted on one side of the mounting plate 41. The heating module 72 covers the outside of the barrel 71. The nozzle 73 is connected to the bottom of the barrel 71.

[0031] In this embodiment, the heating module 72 includes a preheating zone 76 and a heating zone 77. The preheating zone 76 covers the upper part of the material cylinder 71, and the heating zone 77 covers the lower part of the material cylinder 71 and is located near the nozzle 73. Specifically, the heating zone 77 includes a high thermal conductivity heating block, such as aluminum alloy, with at least one embedded resistance heating element. The resistance heating element is filled with magnesium oxide powder for insulation and thermal conductivity, and a thermistor is installed in close contact with it. It forms a PID closed-loop temperature control with the controller 10 to stabilize the temperature of the heating zone at 180℃-260℃. The preheating zone 76 is located above the heating zone 77 and mainly uses passive heat dissipation with aluminum heat sinks and cooling fans. An auxiliary heating film can be optionally added to form a temperature gradient and prevent the material from softening prematurely.

[0032] In this embodiment, the material rack is mounted on the gantry 3 to support the thermoplastic filament 14. Specifically, the material rack is not shown in the figure. It is mounted on the side of the mounting plate 41 opposite to the barrel 71 and adopts a cantilevered low-friction rotating shaft structure to support the spool wound with the thermoplastic filament 14. The extruder unit 13 is mounted on the mounting plate 41 and located above the barrel 71. The extruder unit 13 is used to feed the filament 14 into the barrel 71. The extruder unit 13 adopts a conventional FDM printer extrusion structure, specifically the design disclosed in CN212708030U, CN203485449U, or CN201420261626.3, which includes at least a stepper motor, a drive wheel, and a pressure wheel. The stepper motor is fixed inside the extruder housing, and its output shaft is fixedly connected to the drive wheel. The clamping wheel typically uses an elastic element, such as a spring (see CN212708030U), to press the filament 14 against the toothed surface of the drive wheel to generate sufficient feeding friction. During operation, the stepper motor rotates upon receiving instructions from the controller 10. The drive wheel, together with the clamping wheel, pulls the filament 14 from the feed rack, and after passing through the feed guide tube and the feed inlet, feeds the filament 14 into the inlet 70 of the feed cylinder 71. The specific details of the drive, gear reduction, transmission coordination, guiding assistance, and anti-slippage measures involved in the above process are well known in the art and will not be repeated here. Those skilled in the art can directly implement the process by referring to the above-mentioned prior art.

[0033] In this embodiment, the residual material recovery device 8 is used to extract residual material from the material cylinder 71 when printing is interrupted or materials are switched. Specifically, the residual material recovery device 8 includes a recovery container 81, a negative pressure pump 82, and a filter assembly. The upper part of the material cylinder 71 is provided with a residual material recovery port 75, and the recovery container 81 is connected to the residual material recovery port 75 through a high-temperature resistant pipeline 84. The negative pressure pump 82 is connected to the recovery container 81 and is used to generate negative pressure in the recovery container 81 when the negative pressure pump is started, thereby extracting the residual material from the material cylinder 71. In detail, the negative pressure pump 82 is located on the side of the recovery container 81 away from the feed inlet, and is connected to the air outlet of the recovery container 81 through a negative pressure extraction device to ensure the stability of the feed air path. The filter assembly is not shown in the figure. It is installed in the recovery container 81. The filter assembly adopts a gas-solid separation structure known in the prior art, such as the cyclone separator or screen filter assembly in CN202321108331.X. The specific structure of the filter assembly is well-known technology and will not be described in detail here. By installing a filter assembly between the recovery container 81 and the negative pressure pump 82, even tiny solid particles in the airflow can be effectively blocked within the recovery container 81.

[0034] In this embodiment, the multi-point measurement compensation system includes a laser displacement sensor 91 and an image acquisition device 92. The laser displacement sensor 91 is mounted on the mounting plate 41 and is arranged adjacent to the nozzle 73. The laser displacement sensor 91 is used to measure the topographic data of the printed layer surface in real time. The image acquisition device 92 is linked to the laser displacement sensor 91. Specifically, the image acquisition device 92 is fixed to the mounting plate 41 by a camera mounting bracket and is arranged adjacent to the nozzle 73. The setting of the image acquisition device 92 draws on existing monitoring technologies in the 3D printing field, such as the integration method disclosed in Chinese Patent CN117584448A. The image acquisition device 92 is used to acquire image data of the printed layer, such as contour, width, and edge quality.

[0035] In this embodiment, the controller 10 is a PLC controller, which is connected to the X-axis linear module 4, the Y-axis motion assembly 5, the Z-axis lifting assembly 6, the extruder unit 13, the waste material recovery device 8, the laser displacement sensor 91, and the image acquisition device 92. The controller 10 has a built-in error compensation algorithm to correct the printing path in real time based on the measurement data fed back by the laser displacement sensor 91 and the image acquisition device 92.

[0036] In this embodiment, the nozzle 73 is detachably connected to the barrel 71 by a thread, and the orifice diameter of the nozzle 73 ranges from 0.4 mm to 1.2 mm.

[0037] In this embodiment, the inner wall of the barrel 71 is provided with an anti-stick coating 74, which is a polytetrafluoroethylene coating. Due to its extremely low surface energy and non-stick properties, the anti-stick coating 74 effectively prevents molten printing material from adhering to and carbonizing on the inner wall of the barrel 71. This prevents blockages caused by molten material retention, which could lead to measurement deviations or large dimensional fluctuations in the laser displacement sensor 91 or image acquisition device 92 in the next printing layer. Simultaneously, the anti-stick coating 74 significantly reduces friction with the printing filament, ensuring that the material can be stably and smoothly pushed into the nozzle 73 by the extruder unit 13. This guarantees the stability of the feeding path of the multi-point measurement compensation system during continuous material changes and retraction, ultimately improving the printing quality of complex irregular curved surfaces and fine details of the eaves in the architectural model.

[0038] In this embodiment, the intelligent control method for the 3D printing molding device of the architectural model includes the following steps: S1. Import the 3D model data of the building model into controller 10 to generate layered printing paths; S2. Install the filament 14 on the material rack, manually feed the end of the filament 14 into the extruder unit 13 through the feed port, control the stepper motor to rotate, and feed the filament 14 into the material barrel 71 through the drive wheel and the clamping wheel, and start the heating module 72 to melt the material. S3. Controller 10 controls the X-axis linear module 4, Y-axis motion component 5 and Z-axis lifting component 6 to move in coordination, driving the extrusion print head assembly 7 to move along the printing path, while extruding molten material to build up layer by layer on the printing platform 2 to form a building model; S4. During the printing process, the laser displacement sensor 91 measures the morphology data of the printed layer surface in real time, the image acquisition device 92 acquires the image data of the printed layer simultaneously, and the controller 10 compares the measurement data with the pre-generated three-dimensional model to determine whether there is a dimensional deviation. S5. If a deviation exists, the controller 10 calculates the compensation path and performs path correction and extrusion amount adjustment in the next printing layer until all layers are printed; S6. After printing is complete, stop heating and remove the building model from printing platform 2 after it has cooled down; S7. When it is necessary to change the printing material or when printing is interrupted, the controller 10 controls the stepper motor to reverse and pull the filament 14, and starts the residual material recovery device 8. The negative pressure pump 82 extracts the residual material in the material cylinder 71 into the collection container 81 through the high temperature resistant pipeline 84.

[0039] In this embodiment, in step S4, the controller 10 compares the three-dimensional topography data obtained by the laser displacement sensor 91 with the corresponding layer data of the three-dimensional model point by point to generate a deviation distribution map. This step enables the system to have "self-sensing" capabilities, and can accurately identify calculation errors in the model generation stage and process errors caused by mechanical errors, material shrinkage, environmental fluctuations, etc. during the printing process based on real-time measurement data, which can significantly improve the system's stability, operating efficiency, and yield.

[0040] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the patent scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A 3D printing molding device for architectural models, characterized in that, include: A base (1) and a printing platform (2), wherein the printing platform (2) is mounted on the base (1) and is used to support the printed building model; The gantry frame (3) is movably mounted above the base (1); The X-axis linear module (4) is installed on the crossbeam of the gantry (3); The Y-axis motion assembly (5) is disposed on both sides of the base (1) and connected to the gantry (3); Z-axis lifting assembly (6) is installed on the base (1) and connected to the printing platform (2) to drive the printing platform (2) to move up and down relative to the base (1); An extrusion printhead assembly (7) is mounted on the X-axis linear module (4) and includes a barrel (71), a heating module (72) and a nozzle (73). The heating module (72) covers the outside of the barrel (71) and the nozzle (73) is connected to the bottom of the barrel (71). The material rack is installed on the X-axis linear module (4) and is used to support the thermoplastic filament (14). An extruder unit (13) is installed on the X-axis linear module (4) and located above the extrusion printhead assembly (7) for feeding the filament (14) into the barrel (71). The residual material recovery device (8) is used to extract the residual material in the barrel (71) when printing is interrupted or material is switched. The multi-point measurement compensation system includes a laser displacement sensor (91) and an image acquisition device (92). The laser displacement sensor (91) is mounted on the X-axis linear module (4) and is arranged adjacent to the extrusion printhead assembly (7) for real-time measurement of the morphology data of the printed layer surface. The image acquisition device (92) is linked with the laser displacement sensor (91) for acquiring the image data of the printed layer. The controller (10) is connected to the X-axis linear module (4), Y-axis motion assembly (5), Z-axis lifting assembly (6), extruder (13), waste material recycling device (8), laser displacement sensor (91) and image acquisition device (92) respectively. The controller (10) has a built-in error compensation algorithm to correct the printing path in real time based on the measurement data fed back by the laser displacement sensor (91) and the image acquisition device (92).

2. The 3D printing molding device for architectural models as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the material cylinder (71) is provided with a residual material recovery port (75). The residual material recovery device (8) also includes a filter assembly, which is set inside the residual material recovery device (8) and is used to separate impurities in the recovered material.

3. The 3D printing molding device for architectural models as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heating module (72) includes a preheating zone (76) and a heating zone (77). The preheating zone (76) covers the upper part of the barrel (71), and the heating zone (77) covers the lower part of the barrel (71) and is located near the nozzle (73).

4. The 3D printing molding device for architectural models as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle (73) is detachably connected to the barrel (71), and the orifice diameter of the nozzle (73) ranges from 0.4 mm to 1.2 mm.

5. The 3D printing molding device for architectural models as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The printing platform (2) is equipped with a heating element (11) and a temperature measuring unit to maintain a constant temperature of the printing platform (2).

6. The 3D printing molding device for architectural models as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the barrel (71) is provided with an anti-stick coating (74), which is a polytetrafluoroethylene coating.

7. The intelligent control method of the 3D printing molding device for architectural models as described in claim 1 includes the following steps: S1. Import the 3D model data of the building model into the controller (10) to generate a layered printing path; S2. Install the filament (14) on the material rack, manually feed the end of the filament into the extruder unit (13), the controller (10) controls the extruder unit (13) to feed the filament (14) into the barrel (71), and start the heating module (72) to melt the material; S3. The controller (10) controls the X-axis linear module (4), the Y-axis motion component (5) and the Z-axis lifting component (6) to move together, driving the extrusion printing nozzle assembly (7) to move along the printing path, while extruding molten material to build up layer by layer on the printing platform (2) to form a building model; S4. During the printing process, the laser displacement sensor (91) measures the morphology data of the printed layer surface in real time, the image acquisition device (92) acquires the image data of the printed layer synchronously, and the controller (10) compares the measurement data with the pre-generated three-dimensional model to determine whether there is a size deviation. S5. If there is a deviation, the controller (10) calculates the compensation path and performs path correction and extrusion amount adjustment in the next printing layer until all layers are printed; S6. After printing is complete, stop heating and remove the building model from the printing platform (2) after it has cooled down; S7. When it is necessary to change the printing material or when printing is interrupted, the controller (10) controls the extruder unit (13) to reverse and draw the filament (14), and starts the residual material recovery device (8) to extract the residual material in the barrel (71) into the residual material recovery device (8).

8. The 3D printing molding device for architectural models as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step S4, the controller (10) compares the three-dimensional topography data obtained by the laser displacement sensor (91) with the corresponding layer data of the three-dimensional model point by point to generate a deviation distribution map.

9. The 3D printing molding device for architectural models as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The waste material recycling device (8) includes a recycling container (81) and a negative pressure pump (82). The recycling container (81) is connected to the upper part of the material cylinder (71) through a high-temperature resistant pipeline (84), and the negative pressure pump (82) is connected to the recycling container (81).

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