Equipment and method for processing wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layers on the surface of ultra-high strength steel shell components

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of surface treatment technology for ultra-high strength steel components, and particularly to a processing device for a wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of ultra-high strength steel shell components. The device comprises inner and outer processing fixtures, each corresponding to a set of laser cladding heads, femtosecond laser processing heads, and chemical etching nozzles. Each inner and outer processing fixture has a fixed end connected to an adjustable motor capable of rotating the corresponding laser cladding head, femtosecond laser processing head, and chemical etching nozzle. The method for preparing the wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of ultra-high strength steel shell components includes the following steps: the laser cladding head clads a high-entropy alloy substrate to form a reinforced structural layer; the femtosecond laser processing head processes a microgroove array in the micro-grooves formed at the junctions of adjacent nanolayers and on the surface of the nanolayers; and the chemical etching nozzle chemically etches nanoscale pores on the surface of the reinforced structural layer. The prepared composite layer can store solid lubricant, which is continuously released through capillary action during friction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surface treatment technology for ultra-high strength steel components, and in particular to a processing equipment and method for a wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of ultra-high strength steel shell components. Background Technology

[0002] Ultra-high strength steel, due to its extremely high tensile strength, yield strength, and excellent fatigue and impact resistance, is widely used in high-end equipment manufacturing fields such as aerospace, rail transportation, engineering machinery, and marine engineering, and is a core material for key load-bearing components and transmission parts. Currently, laser cladding can be used to process the wear-resistant surface of ultra-high strength steel components. However, in the process of preparing the wear-resistant layer on the surface of ultra-high strength steel components, the processing equipment has limited functionality, poor process integration, insufficient workpiece clamping and positioning accuracy, and poor adaptability.

[0003] More importantly, it is currently difficult to effectively implant and store solid lubricants in the wear-resistant layer on the surface of ultra-high strength steel components. As a result, the wear resistance and friction reduction effects of ultra-high strength steel components are not ideal and cannot meet the requirements of high-speed or ultra-high-speed dynamic friction operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] At least in response to the problems mentioned in the background art, the present invention aims to provide a processing equipment and method for a wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of ultra-high strength steel shell components.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0006] A processing equipment for a wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of an ultra-high strength steel shell component includes a frame and an opening / closing door. The opening / closing door is located on one side of the frame. An equipment box is located inside the frame. A fixing component is located above the equipment box. The fixing component is used to clamp and fix a high-entropy alloy substrate in multiple directions. A rotating component is installed below the fixing component. The rotating component is used to drive the high-entropy alloy substrate to rotate. A lifting plate and three internal processing fixing components are located inside the equipment box. Three external processing fixing components are located on one side of the high-entropy alloy substrate. Each of the internal and external processing fixing components corresponds to a set of laser cladding head, femtosecond laser processing head, and chemical etching nozzle. The fixing end of each internal and external processing fixing component is clamped with an adjusting motor that can drive the corresponding laser cladding head, femtosecond laser processing head, and chemical etching nozzle to rotate.

[0007] To reduce the equipment's footprint, the fixing assembly includes a connecting plate, a fixing plate, and a clamping block. The fixing plate is coaxially arranged with the connecting plate and located above it. The clamping block is located above the fixing plate, and a fixing rod is connected to its lower part. The surface of the fixing plate has a drive hole, and the surface of the connecting plate has a drive groove. The fixing rod passes through the drive hole and is located within the drive groove. Both the inner walls of the drive hole and the drive groove are slidably engaged with the fixing rod. A locking worm gear is connected to the outer side of the connecting plate, and a clamping block is located on the side of the fixing plate near the locking worm gear. The worm gear has a locking worm connected to a knob at one end, and the locking worm meshes with the worm gear. The rotating assembly includes a gear ring, a gear, an auxiliary rod, and a base moving block. The gear ring is fixed to the outside of the connecting plate, the gear meshes with the gear ring, and a rotary motor is connected below the gear. The rotary motor is fixed on the base moving block, and a rotating groove is provided above the base moving block. The rotating groove is an annular groove and is coaxial with the connecting plate. One end of the auxiliary rod is connected to the bottom surface of the connecting plate, and the other end is located in the rotating groove and is tangent to the inner wall of the rotating groove.

[0008] To facilitate rapid integration of multiple processes, a base moving block has a base moving screw and a stabilizing rod running through one side. The base moving screw and stabilizing rod are symmetrically arranged, and the base moving block is threadedly connected to the base moving screw. A moving motor is connected to one side of the equipment box, and the output end of the moving motor is connected to the base moving screw. The lower end of the internal machining fixing part is connected to the lifting plate, the outer side of the lifting plate is flush with the inner wall of the equipment box, and a scissor-type lifting structure driven by a scissor screw is connected below the lifting plate. The threads at both ends of the scissor screw turn in opposite directions, and one end of the scissor screw is connected to a lifting motor.

[0009] To improve the processing efficiency of the equipment, a height plate is connected above the external processing fixture. A height screw and a positioning rod pass through one side of the height plate, and the height screw is threaded to the height plate. A fixing plate is connected to the upper end of the positioning rod, and a height motor is installed above the fixing plate. The output end of the height motor is connected to the height screw. Two sliding grooves are symmetrically arranged below the height plate. Both ends of each sliding groove are connected to the inner wall of the frame, and a transverse moving block is provided on the inner wall of each sliding groove. A transverse screw and a sliding rod pass through the interior of each of the two transverse moving blocks, and both transverse moving blocks are connected to the bottom surface of the fixing plate. A transverse motor is connected to one end of the transverse screw.

[0010] To enhance safety and reduce operational risks, the surface of the door is fitted with laser-protected glass.

[0011] A method for preparing a wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of an ultra-high strength steel shell component, using the aforementioned processing equipment for the ultra-high strength steel shell component surface wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer, includes the following steps: Step 1: Open the opening and closing door, place the high-entropy alloy substrate on the clamping block, and rotate the knob to clamp and fix the high-entropy alloy substrate through the fixing component; Step 2: Control the rotary motor to work. The rotary motor, in conjunction with the rotary assembly, drives the high-entropy alloy substrate fixed on the fixed assembly to rotate. Control the lifting motor to work. The lifting motor controls the laser cladding head fixed on the inner processing fixture to move up and, in conjunction with the adjusting motor, adjusts the angle of the laser cladding head to perform laser cladding on the inner wall of the high-entropy alloy substrate, forming a reinforced structural layer. At the same time, control the height motor to work. The height motor controls the laser cladding head fixed on the outer processing fixture to move up and, in conjunction with the adjusting motor and the lateral motor, adjusts the angle and lateral position of the laser cladding head to perform laser cladding on the outer surface of the high-entropy alloy substrate, forming a reinforced structural layer. Step 3: Control the lifting motor and height motor to reset the two laser cladding heads, then control the moving motor to drive the base moving screw to rotate, and drive the high-entropy alloy base to move above the internal processing fixture with the femtosecond laser processing head fixed. Step 4: The femtosecond laser processing head, fixed on the inner processing fixture, is moved up and down by a lifting motor. The angle of the femtosecond laser processing head is adjusted by an adjusting motor. A micro-groove array with a depth of 5-20 μm is processed in the micro-grooves formed at the junction of adjacent reinforcing structural layers on the inner wall of the high-entropy alloy substrate and on the surface of the reinforcing structural layer. At the same time, the femtosecond laser processing head, fixed on the outer processing fixture, is moved up and down by a height motor. The angle and lateral position of the femtosecond laser processing head are adjusted by an adjusting motor and a lateral motor. A micro-groove array with a depth of 5-20 μm is processed in the micro-grooves formed at the junction of adjacent reinforcing structural layers on the outer wall of the high-entropy alloy substrate and on the surface of the reinforcing structural layer. Step 5: Control the lifting motor and height motor to reset the two femtosecond laser processing heads, then control the moving motor to drive the substrate moving screw to rotate, and drive the high-entropy alloy substrate to move above the internal processing fixture with the chemical etching nozzle fixed. Step 6: The chemical etching nozzle fixed on the inner processing fixture is moved upward by the lifting motor, and the angle of the chemical etching nozzle is adjusted by the adjusting motor. Chemical etching is performed in the micro-grooves formed at the junction of adjacent reinforcing structural layers on the inner wall of the high entropy alloy matrix to form nano-sized holes with a diameter of 100-500nm. At the same time, the chemical etching nozzle fixed on the outer processing fixture is moved upward by the height motor, and the angle and lateral position of the chemical etching nozzle are adjusted by the adjusting motor and the lateral motor. Chemical etching is performed in the micro-grooves formed at the junction of adjacent reinforcing structural layers on the inner wall of the high entropy alloy matrix to form nano-sized holes with a diameter of 100-500nm. Step 7: Clean the workpiece surface to ensure it is free of foreign matter, and then apply solid lubricant to the workpiece surface. The specific steps for implanting a solid lubricant on the workpiece surface are as follows: The workpiece is immersed in a water-soluble lubricant (commercially available product, brand name Everlube811) until completely submerged. Pressure is applied to the container holding the water-soluble lubricant and the workpiece, reaching 15 MPa, and maintained for 50 minutes. The workpiece is then removed, and a thin layer (no more than 5 micrometers thick) of nano-graphite lubricant is formed on the workpiece surface using a high-speed spraying method. This effectively seals nano-sized pores with diameters of 100-500 nm, completing the preparation of the wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer.

[0012] Beneficial effects: The ultra-high strength steel shell component surface wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer processing equipment of the present invention can not only improve safety protection performance and reduce operational risks, but also improve the rapid connection of multiple processes, with high positioning accuracy and strong adaptability. Moreover, the inner wall and outer surface of the high-entropy alloy substrate can be processed simultaneously during the preparation of the composite layer, which significantly improves the processing efficiency. More importantly, the prepared wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer can store solid lubricant and continuously release lubricant through capillary action during friction, which greatly reduces the friction coefficient of the composite layer surface. At the same time, the surface of the composite layer has low fluid resistance and has self-repairing ability. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the processing equipment in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the frame removed in Example 1; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of part A; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A sectional view; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the fixing component in Embodiment 1; Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the fixing component in Embodiment 1 from another angle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforced structural layer and its microgroove array on the surface of the high-entropy alloy substrate after cladding. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforced structural layer and its microgroove array after chemical etching.

[0015] 1-Frame, 2-Opening door, 3-Equipment box, 4-High entropy alloy substrate, 5-Lifting plate, 6-Internal machining fixture, 7-External machining fixture, 8-Laser cladding head, 9-Femtosecond laser processing head, 10-Chemical etching nozzle, 11-Adjusting motor, 12-Connecting plate, 13-Fixed plate, 14-Clamping block, 15-Fixed rod, 16-Drive hole, 17-Drive groove, 18-Locking worm gear, 19-Worm gear tooth, 20-Knob, 21-Gear ring, 22-Gear, 23-Auxiliary rod, 24-Substrate moving block, 25-Rotating motor 26-Base moving screw, 27-Stabilizing rod, 28-Moving motor, 29-Scissor screw, 30-Scissor lifting structure, 31-Lifting motor, 32-Height plate, 33-Height screw, 34-Positioning rod, 35-Fixed plate, 36-Height motor, 37-Sliding groove, 38-Horizontal moving block, 39-Horizontal screw, 40-Sliding rod, 41-Horizontal motor, 42-Laser protective glass, 43-Reinforced structural layer, 44-Micro-grooves formed at the junction of adjacent reinforced structural layers, 45-Micro-grooves, 46-Nanoscale pores. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0017] Combination Figures 1-6 As shown, a processing equipment for a wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of an ultra-high strength steel shell component includes a frame 1 and an opening / closing door 2. The opening / closing door 2 is located on one side of the frame 1. An equipment box 3 is located inside the frame 1. A fixing component is located above the equipment box 3. The fixing component is used to clamp and fix a high-entropy alloy substrate 4 in multiple directions. A rotating component is installed below the fixing component. The rotating component is used to drive the high-entropy alloy substrate 4 to rotate. A lifting plate 5 and three internal processing fixing parts 6 are located inside the equipment box 3. Three external processing fixing parts 7 are located on one side of the high-entropy alloy substrate 4. Each of the internal and external processing fixing parts corresponds to a set of laser cladding head 8, femtosecond laser processing head 9, and chemical etching nozzle 10. The fixing end of each internal and external processing fixing part is clamped with an adjusting motor 11 that can drive the corresponding laser cladding head 8, femtosecond laser processing head 9, and chemical etching nozzle 10 to rotate. The chemical etching nozzle 10 is externally connected to an atomizing device. The tank of the atomizing device is filled with a chemical etching solution.

[0018] The fixing assembly includes a connecting plate 12, a fixing plate 13, and a clamping block 14. The fixing plate 13 is coaxially arranged with the connecting plate 12 and is located above the connecting plate 12. The clamping block 14 is located above the fixing plate 13, and a fixing rod 15 is connected to the lower part of the clamping block 14. The surface of the fixing plate 13 is provided with a driving hole 16, and the surface of the connecting plate 12 is provided with a driving groove 17. The fixing rod 15 passes through the driving hole 16 and is located in the driving groove 17. The inner walls of the driving hole 16 and the driving groove 17 are slidably engaged with the fixing rod 15. A locking worm gear 18 is connected to the outer side of the connecting plate 12. A worm gear tooth 19 is provided on the side of the fixing plate 13 near the locking worm gear 18. A knob 20 is connected to one end of the locking worm gear 18, and the locking worm gear 18 meshes with the worm gear tooth 19.

[0019] The rotating assembly includes a gear ring 21, a gear 22, an auxiliary rod 23, and a base moving block 24. The gear ring 21 is fixed to the outside of the connecting plate 12. The gear 22 meshes with the gear ring 21, and a rotary motor 25 is connected below the gear 22. The rotary motor 25 is fixed on the base moving block 24. A rotating groove is provided above the base moving block 24. The rotating groove is an annular groove and is coaxial with the connecting plate 12. One end of the auxiliary rod 23 is connected to the bottom surface of the connecting plate 12, and the other end is located in the rotating groove and is tangent to the inner wall of the rotating groove.

[0020] One side of the base moving block 24 is through which the base moving screw 26 and the stabilizing rod 27 pass. The base moving screw 26 and the stabilizing rod 27 are symmetrically arranged, and the base moving block 24 is threadedly connected to the base moving screw 26. One side of the equipment box 3 is connected to the moving motor 28, and the output end of the moving motor 28 is connected to the base moving screw 26.

[0021] The lower end of the internally machined fixing part 6 is connected to the lifting plate 5, the outer side of the lifting plate 5 is in contact with the inner wall of the equipment box 3, and a scissor-type lifting structure 30 driven by the scissor screw 29 is connected to the lower part of the lifting plate 5. The threads at both ends of the scissor screw 29 are in opposite directions, and a lifting motor 31 is connected to one end of the scissor screw 29.

[0022] Among them, a height plate 32 is connected above the externally processed fixing part 7. A height screw 33 and a positioning rod 34 pass through one side of the height plate 32. The height screw 33 is threadedly connected to the height plate 32. A fixing plate 35 is connected to the upper end of the positioning rod 34. A height motor 36 is installed above the fixing plate 35. The output end of the height motor 36 is connected to the height screw 33.

[0023] Two sliding grooves 37 are symmetrically arranged below the height plate 32. Both ends of each sliding groove 37 are connected to the inner wall of the frame 1. A transverse moving block 38 is provided on the inner wall of each sliding groove 37. A transverse lead screw 39 and a sliding rod 40 pass through the interior of the two transverse moving blocks 38 respectively. Both transverse moving blocks 38 are connected to the bottom surface of the fixed plate 35. One end of the transverse lead screw 39 is connected to a transverse motor 41.

[0024] The surface of the opening and closing door 2 is equipped with laser protective glass 42, which can prevent operators from being exposed to laser radiation and corrosive droplets, thus avoiding damage to the eyes and skin. Example 2

[0025] A method for preparing a wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of an ultra-high strength steel shell component, using the ultra-high strength steel shell component surface wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer processing equipment described in Example 1, includes the following steps: Step 1: Open the opening and closing door 2, place the high entropy alloy substrate 4 (using CoCrFeNiMnAl high entropy alloy substrate) on the clamping block 14, and rotate the knob 20 to clamp and fix the high entropy alloy substrate 4 through the fixing component; Step 2: Control the rotary motor 25 to operate. The rotary motor 25, in conjunction with the rotary assembly, drives the high-entropy alloy substrate 4 fixed on the fixed assembly to rotate. Control the lifting motor 31 to operate. The lifting motor 31 controls the laser cladding head 8 fixed on the inner processing fixture 6 to move upward, and in conjunction with the adjusting motor 11, adjusts the angle of the laser cladding head 8 to perform laser cladding on the inner wall of the high-entropy alloy substrate 4. Simultaneously, control the height motor 36 to operate. The height motor 36 controls the laser cladding head 8 fixed on the outer processing fixture 7 to move upward, and in conjunction with the adjusting motor 11 and the lateral motor 41, adjusts the angle and lateral position of the laser cladding head 8 to perform laser cladding on the outer surface of the high-entropy alloy substrate 4, forming a reinforced structural layer 43, such as... Figure 7 As shown; In this embodiment, the raw material used for laser cladding is 1.5 wt% nano-graphene.

[0026] Step 3: Control the lifting motor 31 and the height motor 36 to reset the two laser cladding heads 8, and then control the moving motor 28 to drive the base moving screw 26 to rotate, and drive the high entropy alloy base 4 to move above the internal processing fixture 6 on which the femtosecond laser processing head 9 is fixed. Step 4: The femtosecond laser processing head 9, fixed on the inner processing fixture 6, is moved upward by the lifting motor 31, and the angle of the femtosecond laser processing head 9 is adjusted by the adjusting motor 11. A micro-groove array 45 with a depth of 5-20μm is processed in the micro-grooves 44 formed at the junction of adjacent reinforcing structural layers 43 on the inner wall of the high-entropy alloy substrate 4 and on the surface of the adjacent reinforcing structural layers 43. At the same time, the femtosecond laser processing head 9, fixed on the outer processing fixture 7, is moved upward by the height motor 36, and the angle and lateral position of the femtosecond laser processing head 9 are adjusted by the adjusting motor 11 and the lateral motor 41. A micro-groove array 45 with a depth of 5-20μm is processed in the micro-grooves 44 formed at the junction of adjacent reinforcing structural layers 43 on the outer wall of the high-entropy alloy substrate 4 and on the surface of the reinforcing structural layers 43. Step 5: Control the lifting motor 31 and the height motor 36 to reset the two femtosecond laser processing heads 9, and then control the moving motor 28 to drive the base moving screw 26 to rotate, and drive the high entropy alloy base 4 to move above the inner processing fixture 6 with the chemical etching nozzle 10 fixed. Step 6: The lifting motor 31 controls the upward movement of the chemical etching nozzle 10 fixed on the inner processing fixture 6, and the adjusting motor 11 adjusts the angle of the chemical etching nozzle 10. This forms nano-sized pores 46 with a diameter of 100-500 nm in the micro-grooves 44 formed at the junction of adjacent reinforcing structural layers 43 on the inner wall of the high-entropy alloy substrate 4, through chemical etching with the surface of the adjacent reinforcing structural layers 43. Simultaneously, the height motor 36 controls the upward movement of the chemical etching nozzle 10 fixed on the outer processing fixture 7, and the adjusting motor 11 and the lateral motor 41 adjust the angle and lateral position of the chemical etching nozzle 10. This forms nano-sized pores 46 with a diameter of 100-500 nm in the micro-grooves 44 formed at the junction of adjacent reinforcing structural layers 43 on the outer wall of the high-entropy alloy substrate 4, through chemical etching with the surface of the reinforcing structural layers 43. Figure 8 As shown; Step 7: Clean the workpiece surface to ensure it is free of foreign matter, and then apply solid lubricant to the workpiece surface. The specific steps for implanting solid lubricant on the workpiece surface are as follows: The workpiece is immersed in a water-soluble lubricant (commercially available product, brand name Everlube811) until completely submerged. Pressure is applied to the container holding the water-soluble lubricant and the workpiece, reaching 15 MPa, and maintained for 50 minutes. The workpiece is then removed, and a thin layer (no more than 5 micrometers thick) of nano-graphite lubricant is formed on the workpiece surface using a high-speed spraying method. This effectively seals pores with a diameter of 100-500 nm, forming a stable MoS2 solid lubricant, thus completing the preparation of the wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer.

[0027] When fixing the high-entropy alloy substrate 4, first place the high-entropy alloy substrate 4 above the clamping block 14, then rotate the locking worm 18 by turning the knob 20. The locking worm 18 drives the fixed disk 13 to rotate relative to the connecting disk 12 through the worm gear 19. At the same time, the drive hole 16 moves accordingly. The fixing rod 15, with the cooperation of the drive groove 17 and the drive hole 16, drives the clamping block 14 to move towards the center of the fixed disk 13, thus completing the clamping and fixing of the high-entropy alloy substrate 4. Since the locking worm 18 and the worm gear 19 can self-lock, when the rotary motor 25 drives the gear 22 to drive the high-entropy alloy substrate 4 to rotate through the gear ring 21, the clamping block 14 can still maintain a stable clamping of the high-entropy alloy substrate 4.

[0028] The ultra-high strength steel shell component surface wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer processing equipment of this embodiment forms a reinforced structural layer 43 after laser cladding, which is composed of several stacked nanomaterial layers. Micro-grooves 44 are formed at the junctions of adjacent reinforced structural layers 43. When the femtosecond laser processing head 9 processes the micro-grooves, processing can be performed on both the micro-grooves 44 formed by cladding and the surface of the reinforced structural layer 43. This allows for full utilization of the micro-grooves 44 formed by cladding, which helps ensure the uniformity of the subsequent micro-groove array 45 and significantly improves the efficiency of micro-groove processing. The specific structure is referenced [reference needed]. Figures 7-8 .

[0029] The ultra-high strength steel shell component surface wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer processing equipment of the present invention integrates three major processes: laser cladding, femtosecond laser processing, and chemical etching. This enables the integrated preparation of the wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of ultra-high strength steel shell components, eliminating the need for multiple transfers and clamping, significantly shortening the processing steps and production cycle. It can simultaneously process the inner and outer walls of the high-entropy alloy substrate 4, significantly improving processing efficiency and achieving all-around processing, adapting to the surface modification needs of hollow, irregularly shaped, and other complex structural components. Its fixing and rotating components work together to achieve precise clamping, 360° rotation, and horizontal movement of the high-entropy alloy substrate 4. To ensure the stability of the high-entropy alloy substrate 4 during processing, the alignment accuracy of the processing position is greatly improved. The movement and lifting adjustment of the high-entropy alloy substrate 4 adopt a screw drive structure, combined with the precise speed control of the rotating component, to achieve micron-level precise adjustment of the workpiece processing position, ensuring the dimensional consistency and uniformity of the composite layer preparation. The laser cladding head 8, femtosecond laser processing head 9, and chemical etching nozzle 10 are all equipped with independent adjustment motors 11, which can freely adjust the processing head angle to adapt to the processing requirements of complex surfaces such as curved surfaces, inclined surfaces, and stepped surfaces, ensuring the optimal processing angle and distance between the processing head and the surface of the high-entropy alloy substrate 4.

[0030] More importantly, this invention utilizes the combined processes of laser cladding, femtosecond laser microgrooving, and chemical etching nanopore processing to create a reinforced structural layer 43 on the surface of a conical workpiece. This layer can store MoS2 solid lubricant, which continuously releases the lubricant through capillary action during friction (use). This achieves a friction coefficient ≤0.15 under dry friction and a lubrication coefficient ≤0.08 under oil lubrication. Furthermore, the conical workpiece exhibits low fluid resistance, with a water lubrication friction coefficient ≤0.03, reducing friction by more than 50% compared to planar coatings. It also possesses self-healing capabilities (primarily repairing the lubricating film during use; when the surface film is worn away or consumed, the lubricant stored in the nanopores seeps out under pressure, forming a new lubricating film).

[0031] One of the key inventive concepts in this invention is the use of micro-grooves 44 formed at the junctions of adjacent reinforcing structural layers 43 on the surface of a high-entropy alloy substrate 4 by laser cladding. This is combined with the fabrication of micro-groove arrays 45 within these micro-grooves 44 and the surface of the reinforcing structural layers 43 using femtosecond lasers. Further, chemical etching creates nanopores that can store MoS2 solid lubricant. These nanopores, further formed at the micro-grooves 44 and the micro-groove array 45, can stably store MoS2 solid lubricant even when the product is flying at high speeds (Mach 3). If, instead of laser cladding and femtosecond laser treatment, chemical etching is performed directly on the surface of a conical workpiece, followed by pressure penetration to implant solid lubricant, stable storage of MoS2 solid lubricant is only possible at lower speeds (below Mach 1.5), and almost impossible at Mach 2.

[0032] The above description discloses only one preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiments can be implemented, and equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A processing equipment for a wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of an ultra-high strength steel shell component, comprising a frame (1) and an opening / closing door (2), wherein the opening / closing door (2) is disposed on one side of the frame (1), characterized in that: The machine frame (1) is equipped with an equipment box (3). A fixing component is installed on the top of the equipment box (3). The fixing component is used to clamp and fix the high entropy alloy substrate (4) in multiple directions. A rotating component is installed below the fixing component. The rotating component is used to drive the high entropy alloy substrate (4) to rotate. The equipment box (3) is equipped with a lifting plate (5) and three internal processing fixing parts (6). Three external processing fixing parts (7) are installed on one side of the high entropy alloy substrate (4). Each of the internal and external processing fixing parts corresponds to a set of laser cladding head (8), femtosecond laser processing head (9), and chemical etching nozzle (10). Each internal and external processing fixing part is clamped to an adjustment motor (11) that can drive the corresponding laser cladding head (8), femtosecond laser processing head (9), and chemical etching nozzle (10) to rotate.

2. The equipment for processing the wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of ultra-high strength steel shell components as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing assembly includes a connecting plate (12), a fixing plate (13), and a clamping block (14). The fixing plate (13) is coaxially arranged with the connecting plate (12) and located above the connecting plate (12). The clamping block (14) is located above the fixing plate (13), and a fixing rod (15) is connected to the bottom of the clamping block (14). The surface of the fixing plate (13) is provided with a driving hole (16), and the surface of the connecting plate (12) is provided with a driving groove (17). The fixing rod (15) passes through the driving hole (16) and is located in the driving groove (17). The inner walls of the driving hole (16) and the driving groove (17) are both slidably engaged with the fixing rod (15). A locking worm (18) is connected to the outer side of the connecting plate (12). A worm gear tooth (19) is provided on the side of the fixing plate (13) near the locking worm (18). A knob (20) is connected to one end of the locking worm (18), and the locking worm (18) meshes with the worm gear tooth (19).

3. The equipment for processing the wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of ultra-high strength steel shell components as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating assembly includes a gear ring (21), a gear (22), an auxiliary rod (23), and a base moving block (24). The gear ring (21) is fixed on the outside of the connecting plate (12). The gear (22) meshes with the gear ring (21), and a rotary motor (25) is connected below the gear (22). The rotary motor (25) is fixed on the base moving block (24). A rotating groove is provided above the base moving block (24). The rotating groove is an annular groove and is coaxial with the connecting plate (12). One end of the auxiliary rod (23) is connected to the bottom surface of the connecting plate (12), and the other end is located in the rotating groove and is tangent to the inner wall of the rotating groove.

4. The equipment for processing the wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of ultra-high strength steel shell components as described in claim 3, characterized in that: A base moving block (24) has a base moving screw (26) and a stabilizing rod (27) running through one side. The base moving screw (26) and the stabilizing rod (27) are symmetrically arranged, and the base moving block (24) is threadedly connected to the base moving screw (26). A moving motor (28) is connected to one side of the equipment box (3), and the output end of the moving motor (28) is connected to the base moving screw (26).

5. The equipment for processing the wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of ultra-high strength steel shell components as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the internally machined fixing part (6) is connected to the lifting plate (5). The outer side of the lifting plate (5) is in contact with the inner wall of the equipment box (3). The lower part of the lifting plate (5) is connected to a scissor lift structure (30) driven by a scissor screw (29). The threads at both ends of the scissor screw (29) are opposite in direction, and one end of the scissor screw (29) is connected to a lifting motor (31).

6. The equipment for processing the wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of ultra-high strength steel shell components as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A height plate (32) is connected above the externally processed fixing part (7). A height screw (33) and a positioning rod (34) pass through one side of the height plate (32). The height screw (33) is threadedly connected to the height plate (32). A fixing plate (35) is connected to the upper end of the positioning rod (34). A height motor (36) is installed above the fixing plate (35). The output end of the height motor (36) is connected to the height screw (33).

7. The equipment for processing the wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of ultra-high strength steel shell components as described in claim 6, characterized in that: Two sliding grooves (37) are symmetrically arranged below the height plate (32). Both ends of each sliding groove (37) are connected to the inner wall of the frame (1). A transverse moving block (38) is provided on the inner wall of each sliding groove (37). A transverse screw (39) and a sliding rod (40) pass through the interior of the two transverse moving blocks (38). Both transverse moving blocks (38) are connected to the bottom surface of the fixed plate (35). One end of the transverse screw (39) is connected to a transverse motor (41).

8. The equipment for processing the wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of ultra-high strength steel shell components as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the hinged door (2) is provided with laser protective glass (42).

9. The equipment for processing the wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of ultra-high strength steel shell components as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cladding powder used in the laser cladding head (8) is a metal-based composite cladding powder with a mass ratio of 0.5-2wt% of graphene oxide nanosheets.

10. The method for preparing the wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer on the surface of an ultra-high strength steel shell component as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Open the opening and closing door (2), place the high entropy alloy substrate (4) on the clamping block (14), and turn the knob (20) to clamp and fix the high entropy alloy substrate (4) through the fixing component; Step 2: Control the rotary motor (25) to work. The rotary motor (25) drives the high-entropy alloy substrate (4) fixed on the fixed component to rotate in conjunction with the rotary component. Control the lifting motor (31) to work. The lifting motor (31) controls the laser cladding head (8) fixed on the inner processing fixture (6) to move upward. In conjunction with the adjusting motor (11), the angle of the laser cladding head (8) is adjusted to perform laser cladding on the inner wall of the high-entropy alloy substrate (4). At the same time, control the height motor (36) to work. The height motor (36) controls the laser cladding head (8) fixed on the outer processing fixture (7) to move upward. In conjunction with the adjusting motor (11) and the horizontal motor (41), the angle and horizontal position of the laser cladding head (8) are adjusted to perform laser cladding on the outer surface of the high-entropy alloy substrate (4) to form a reinforced structural layer. Step 3: Control the lifting motor (31) and the height motor (36) to reset the two laser cladding heads (8), then control the moving motor (28) to drive the base moving screw (26) to rotate, and drive the high entropy alloy base (4) to move above the internal processing fixture (6) on which the femtosecond laser processing head (9) is fixed. Step 4: The femtosecond laser processing head (9) fixed on the inner processing fixture (6) is moved upward by the lifting motor (31), and the angle of the femtosecond laser processing head (9) is adjusted by the adjusting motor (11). A micro-groove array with a depth of 5-20μm is processed in the micro-groove formed at the junction of adjacent reinforced structural layers and on the surface of the reinforced structural layer. At the same time, the femtosecond laser processing head (9) fixed on the outer processing fixture (7) is moved upward by the height motor (36), and the angle and lateral position of the femtosecond laser processing head (9) are adjusted by the adjusting motor (11) and the lateral motor (41). A micro-groove array with a depth of 5-20μm is processed in the micro-groove formed at the junction of adjacent reinforced structural layers and on the surface of the reinforced structural layer. Step 5: Control the lifting motor (31) and the height motor (36) to reset the two femtosecond laser processing heads (9), then control the moving motor (28) to drive the base moving screw (26) to rotate, and drive the high entropy alloy base (4) to move above the internal processing fixture (6) with the chemical etching nozzle (10) fixed. Step 6: The chemical etching nozzle (10) fixed on the inner processing fixture (6) is moved upward by the lifting motor (31), and the angle of the chemical etching nozzle (10) is adjusted by the adjusting motor (11). In the micro trenches formed at the junction of adjacent reinforced structural layers, chemical etching is performed on the surface of the reinforced structural layer to form a pore with a diameter of 100-500nm. At the same time, the height motor (36) controls the chemical etching nozzle (10) fixed on the outer processing fixture (7) to move upward, and the angle and lateral position of the chemical etching nozzle (10) are adjusted by the adjusting motor (11) and the lateral motor (41). In the micro trenches formed at the junction of adjacent reinforced structural layers, chemical etching is performed on the surface of the reinforced structural layer to form a pore with a diameter of 100-500nm. Step 7: Clean the workpiece surface to ensure it is free of foreign matter, and then implant a solid lubricant into the workpiece surface to complete the preparation of the wear-resistant and friction-reducing composite layer.

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