A DC direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of hydrogen production technology based on photovoltaic clean energy, specifically to a direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy. The device includes two end plates, with a plurality of tension bolts evenly distributed circumferentially between them. An anode plate and a cathode plate are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the two end plates. A positive electrode and a negative electrode connected to the photovoltaic clean energy source are respectively bolted to the top of the anode plate and the cathode plate. A plurality of bipolar plates arranged at intervals are disposed between the anode plate and the cathode plate. Connecting frames are provided between the anode plate and the bipolar plates, between the cathode plate and the bipolar plates, and between adjacent bipolar plates. This invention provides a direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy, which has the advantages of achieving adaptive and uniform electrolyte distribution, efficient electrode surface scouring, and stable gas discharge, thereby improving the efficiency, stability, and reliability of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen production technology based on photovoltaic clean energy, specifically to a direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy. Background Technology

[0002] Direct-drive hydrogen production technology based on photovoltaic clean energy directly connects the DC power generated by the photovoltaic array to the alkaline water electrolyzer for hydrogen production, eliminating intermediate links such as inverters and rectifiers. It has significant advantages such as high system efficiency, low equipment cost, and fast response speed, and is especially suitable for distributed photovoltaic hydrogen production scenarios. In the field of alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production, the pressure filter bipolar plate frame structure is one of the most widely used technical routes in industry. It uses tension bolts to press the end pressure plate, anode plate, cathode plate, bipolar plate, diaphragm, and sealing gasket into a whole, forming multiple electrolysis chambers connected in series.

[0003] In traditional alkaline electrolyzers, the electrolyte enters each electrolysis chamber from the bottom main pipe and then flows into the electrode plate chamber through the distribution holes on the electrode frame. Due to fluid friction loss, the electrolyte flow rate of the electrolysis chambers closer to the inlet is much greater than that of the chambers farther from the inlet, resulting in a flow deviation phenomenon of "large flow rate at the near end and small flow rate at the far end". At the same time, even in the same electrolysis chamber, the electrolyte lacks an effective diffusion and guiding structure after being sprayed out of the inlet hole, which easily forms local high-speed zones and low-speed dead zones on the electrode surface. Especially when the photovoltaic power fluctuates and the total electrolyte flow rate changes, some areas may even "dry up" under low flow conditions. Bubbles on the electrode surface cannot be desorbed in time, concentration polarization is aggravated, and electrolysis efficiency is significantly reduced. Furthermore, during electrolysis, hydrogen is produced at the cathode and oxygen at the anode. The gas-liquid mixture rises in the electrode chamber and is discharged from the top. Existing hydrogen production devices typically have a simple nozzle structure at the gas outlet, which lacks effective guidance and separation of the gas-liquid two-phase flow. When the gas production is large, the gas is ejected in a jet-like pulse, causing fluctuations in the cell pressure. At the same time, a large amount of electrolyte is entrained by the gas into the hydrogen or oxygen main, leading to an increased load on the subsequent gas-liquid separator. Incomplete separation results in hydrogen carrying alkali, affecting purity and the safety of downstream equipment. Especially under conditions of rapid fluctuations in photovoltaic power, the drastic changes in gas production make it difficult for traditional exhaust structures to adapt, and the gas-liquid entrainment problem becomes even more prominent. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy, which has the advantages of achieving adaptive and uniform electrolyte distribution, efficient electrode surface scouring, and stable gas discharge, thereby improving the efficiency, stability, and reliability of photovoltaic hydrogen production systems.

[0005] (II) Technical Solution The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy, the hydrogen production device including two end plates, a plurality of tension bolts uniformly passing through the two end plates along the circumference, an anode plate and a cathode plate respectively provided on opposite sides of the two end plates, a positive electrode and a negative electrode connected to photovoltaic clean energy respectively bolted to the top of the anode plate and the cathode plate, a plurality of bipolar plates arranged at intervals between the anode plate and the cathode plate, a connecting frame provided between the anode plate and the bipolar plate, between the cathode plate and the bipolar plate and between adjacent bipolar plates, and a diaphragm provided inside the connecting frame, and a sealing gasket provided between the anode plate and the bipolar plate, between the cathode plate and the bipolar plate and between adjacent bipolar plates; An electrolyte distribution mechanism runs through the interior of the front end pressure plate. The rear end of the electrolyte distribution mechanism passes through the interior of the cathode plate, sealing gasket, connecting frame and bipolar plate in sequence. The outlet end of the electrolyte distribution mechanism is located in each electrolysis chamber. Both the anode and cathode sides of the hydrogen production device are equipped with combing exhaust mechanisms. The outlet ends of the two combing exhaust mechanisms are respectively connected to hydrogen pipes and oxygen pipes. Both hydrogen pipes and oxygen pipes extend to the outside of the hydrogen production device.

[0006] Using the above technical solution, the hydrogen production device uses two end pressure plates to press the anode plate, cathode plate, multiple bipolar plates, connecting frame, diaphragm, and sealing gasket into a whole through circumferentially evenly distributed tension bolts, forming multiple series-connected electrolysis chambers. The positive and negative electrodes are respectively connected to the DC output terminals of photovoltaic clean energy to power the electrolysis reaction. The electrolyte enters each electrolysis chamber through the electrolyte distribution mechanism that penetrates the end pressure plates, where an electrolysis reaction occurs on the electrode surface to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The generated gases are collected by the combing and exhaust mechanisms on the anode and cathode sides, respectively, and discharged through hydrogen and oxygen pipes. By utilizing the electrolyte distribution mechanism and the combing and exhaust mechanism, the device can achieve adaptive and uniform electrolyte distribution, efficient rinsing of the electrode surface, and stable gas discharge, thus improving the efficiency, stability, and reliability of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system.

[0007] The present invention is further configured such that: the inner side of the anode plate and cathode plate, the front side and the rear side of the bipolar plate are provided with transversely arranged flow equalization grooves, the flow equalization grooves have a wave-shaped structure, and the inner side of the anode plate and cathode plate, the front side and the rear side of the bipolar plate are provided with longitudinally arranged connecting notches, the connecting notches being connected to the flow equalization grooves.

[0008] By employing the above technical solution, wavy flow equalization trenches arranged laterally are processed on the inner sides of the anode plate and cathode plate, as well as the front and rear surfaces of the bipolar plate. When the electrolyte flows in the trenches, the flow velocity undergoes rhythmic changes of acceleration, deceleration, and acceleration due to the periodic changes in the wavy cross-section, generating microscopic disturbances that disrupt the gas-liquid boundary layer on the electrode surface. At the same time, the longitudinally arranged connecting gaps connect adjacent flow equalization trenches, allowing the electrolyte to be exchanged laterally between different flow channels. This prevents local flow stagnation in a certain flow channel due to bubble accumulation, thereby improving the concentration uniformity of the entire electrode surface and avoiding short-circuit flow and local dead zones.

[0009] The present invention is further configured such that: the electrolyte distribution mechanism includes an electrolyte input pipe, the top of which is fixedly connected to a plurality of outlet pipes, the top of which passes through a sealing gasket and extends to the anode side and cathode side of the hydrogen production device respectively; the surface of the outlet pipe is provided with a plurality of sets of distribution holes, which are distributed at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the outlet pipe; an intermittent liquid outlet component is provided inside the outlet pipe, the position of which corresponds to each set of distribution holes and is used in conjunction with the distribution holes; and guide plates are provided on the front and rear sides of the outlet pipe, which are respectively located on the anode side and cathode side of the hydrogen production device.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, an electrolyte distribution mechanism is set up. The electrolyte input pipe is introduced from outside the end pressure plate, and multiple outlet pipes are fixedly connected at the top. Each outlet pipe extends to the anode side and cathode side of each electrolysis chamber, and multiple sets of distribution holes are distributed longitudinally on the outlet pipe. The electrolyte is sprayed out from the distribution holes. At the same time, an intermittent liquid outlet component is set inside the outlet pipe. This component works with the distribution holes to make the sprayed electrolyte appear in a periodic pulse state. The sprayed electrolyte is further diffused by the guide plates on the front and rear sides of the outlet pipe and then evenly covers the electrode surface. This mechanism changes the electrolyte distribution method from single-point liquid inlet to multi-hole longitudinal liquid distribution. Combined with the pulse jet of the intermittent liquid outlet component, the electrolyte is evenly distributed in the entire height direction of the electrode plate. Moreover, the pulse jet has a stronger scouring ability, which can effectively remove bubbles and reaction products attached to the electrode surface. Furthermore, the guide plates further diffuse the sprayed electrolyte, so that the electrolyte covers the electrode surface in a large-area diffuse flow form, thereby improving the uniformity of the flow rate on the electrode surface.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that: the guide plate is composed of 3 layers of stainless steel guide sieves, the guide sieves are parallel to the plane of the bipolar plate, and each layer of guide sieves is fixed to the electrode frame of the electrode plate by insulating gaskets. The opening rate of the guide sieve adjacent to the liquid distribution hole is 40%, the opening rate of the guide sieve near the electrode is 30%, and the opening rate of the middle guide sieve is 35%. The holes of the three layers of guide sieves are staggered from the liquid distribution hole to the electrode. A pressure equalization cavity is provided between the guide sieve near the electrode and the electrode.

[0012] The above technical solution utilizes a guide plate composed of three layers of stainless steel guide sieves. Each sieve layer is parallel to the plane of the bipolar plate and fixed to the electrode frame via insulating gaskets. The first sieve layer, adjacent to the liquid distribution holes, has an opening rate of 40% and a relatively large aperture, used to disperse the high-speed jet into multiple fine jets. The middle sieve layer has an opening rate of 35%, with its holes offset from the first layer, allowing the jet to diffuse laterally. The third sieve layer, closest to the electrode, has an opening rate of 30%, with its holes again offset from the middle layer, serving as a bubble cutter to break up large bubbles. Furthermore, a pressure equalization cavity is left between the third sieve layer and the electrode, allowing the electrolyte to uniformly cover the electrode surface in a low-velocity, large-area diffuse flow, achieving the dual effects of strong inlet flushing and uniform outlet flow, thus improving the uniformity of electrolyte distribution.

[0013] The invention is further configured such that: the intermittent liquid outlet assembly includes two support plates, and a rotating ring is rotatably connected between the two support plates; the surface of the rotating ring has a plurality of connecting holes in an annular shape, the connecting holes being used in conjunction with liquid distribution holes; a rotating shaft is rotatably connected inside the rotating ring; an impeller is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating shaft; a connecting frame is fixedly sleeved on the surface of the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the rotating ring through the connecting frame; a plurality of contraction rings are arranged longitudinally inside the outlet pipe; the contraction rings are located below the rotating rings, and the cross-section of the contraction rings is trapezoidal; a spiral turbulence protrusion is provided on the inner wall of the outlet pipe, the turbulence protrusion being located between the contraction rings and the rotating ring.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, and by setting up an intermittent liquid outlet component, when the electrolyte flows upward through the contraction ring, the electrolyte is accelerated before entering the rotating ring area and impacts the impeller, driving the rotating shaft and rotating ring to rotate. This causes the connecting hole and the liquid distribution hole to periodically align and stagger, thereby generating a pulse jet. This pulse jet forms a periodic scouring impact on the electrode surface, effectively destroying the bubble adhesion layer and concentration polarization boundary layer, promoting rapid bubble desorption. Furthermore, the pulse frequency automatically changes with the electrolyte flow rate; the rotation speed and pulse frequency are high when the flow rate is high, and the frequency decreases when the flow rate is low, adapting to photovoltaic power fluctuations. At the same time, the spiral turbulence protrusion causes the electrolyte to rotate and rise, preventing impurities from depositing and clogging the liquid distribution hole.

[0015] The present invention is further configured such that: a fixed frame is rotatably connected to the top of the rotating shaft, and the outer side of the fixed frame is bolted to the top support plate.

[0016] The above technical solution uses a fixed frame that is rotatably connected to the top of the rotating shaft. The outer side of the fixed frame is bolted to the top support plate, which provides stable axial and radial positioning for the rotating shaft and prevents it from tilting during rotation. The fixed frame has an open structure that does not obstruct the flow of electrolyte.

[0017] The present invention is further configured such that: a cone is provided at the inlet end of the electrolyte input pipe, an opening block adapted to its shape is slidably provided inside the cone, and a flow channel is formed between the opening block and the cone, a guide rod is slidably provided inside the opening block, a bracket is bolted to the rear side of the guide rod, a return spring is sleeved on the surface of the guide rod, and the two ends of the return spring are respectively connected to the bracket and the opening block.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, a cone is set at the inlet end of the electrolyte input pipe, and an opening block adapted to its shape is slidably assembled inside the cone. An annular flow channel is formed between the opening block and the cone. When the inlet pressure increases, the hydraulic force pushes the opening block to compress the reset spring and move it backward, increasing the gap between the opening block and the cone and increasing the flow rate. When the pressure decreases, the reset spring pushes the opening block forward, decreasing the gap and reducing the flow rate. This enables adaptive adjustment of the total electrolyte flow rate, keeping the pressure entering each outlet pipe relatively stable. This ensures that the flow distribution of each electrolysis chamber is not unbalanced due to fluctuations in the total flow rate and is suitable for rapid fluctuations in photovoltaic power.

[0019] The present invention is further configured such that: the combing exhaust mechanism includes a collecting chamber, the collecting chamber is located above each electrolysis chamber of the hydrogen production device, and a connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the collecting chamber. The other end of the connecting pipe is connected to a hydrogen pipe and an oxygen pipe respectively. An orifice plate is bolted inside the collecting chamber. Several inclined comb plates are bolted to the bottom of the orifice plate. The inclined direction of the comb plates faces the connection between the collecting chamber and the connecting pipe. Several arc-shaped plates are bolted to the top of the orifice plate, which are spaced apart along the length of the orifice plate. The arc-shaped plates are located below the connecting pipe, and a gas channel is formed between adjacent arc-shaped plates.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, a comb-flow exhaust mechanism is set up so that when the gas-liquid mixture enters the collecting chamber, the comb-tooth plate guides the gas upward through the orifice plate, while blocking the liquid from rushing out directly. The top of the orifice plate has multiple arc-shaped plates arranged at intervals along the length direction, forming a narrow gas channel between adjacent arc-shaped plates. When the gas passes through the gaps between the arc-shaped plates, the droplets impact the surface of the arc-shaped plates due to inertia and condense and drip down, allowing the dry gas to enter the connecting pipe. This comb-flow exhaust mechanism realizes a three-stage gas-liquid separation mechanism of comb-tooth liquid blocking, arc-shaped plate inertial separation, and collecting chamber settling. The comb-tooth plate effectively prevents the ejection of the gas-liquid mixture, while the arc-shaped plates use inertial force to separate tiny droplets, making the exhaust process stable and with extremely low liquid carryover, thus eliminating tank pressure fluctuations.

[0021] The present invention is further configured such that: a plurality of comb plates are arranged in groups of three and are distributed symmetrically in mirror image of the axis of the collecting cavity.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the symmetrical grouping layout of the comb plates ensures the uniformity of gas collection across the entire width of the collecting cavity. Furthermore, the mirror symmetry design ensures that the airflow on both sides enters the collecting cavity along symmetrical paths with consistent resistance, thus avoiding short-circuiting of airflow on one side.

[0023] The present invention is further configured such that: a support frame is bolted inside the connecting pipe, a support rod is bolted to the top of the support frame, a lightweight float is slidably fitted on the surface of the support rod, and a mating ring is provided inside the connecting pipe, the mating ring being fitted on the upper end of the lightweight float.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the lightweight float, which has a lower density than the electrolyte, will not generate additional resistance during normal gas flow. In the event of liquid backflow, the lightweight float and the matching ring will automatically close, effectively preventing the alkaline solution from entering downstream pipelines and equipment, and avoiding accidents such as catalyst contamination, pipeline blockage, or safety valve failure caused by liquid return.

[0025] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy, which has the following beneficial effects: This DC direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy utilizes multiple outlet pipes and longitudinally distributed distribution holes on the electrolyte inlet pipe, along with multi-layer staggered guide plates on both sides of the outlet pipes. Before entering each electrolysis chamber, the electrolyte is first evenly distributed through the distribution holes, then gradually diffused through the three layers of guide plates, ultimately covering the electrode surface in a large-area diffuse flow. This improves the uniformity of flow velocity on the electrode surface, solving the flow deviation phenomenon of large near-end flow and small far-end flow in traditional liquid inlet methods, as well as the problem of local drying under low flow conditions. Furthermore, the intermittent liquid outlet component installed in the outlet pipe allows the distribution holes to be periodically opened and closed, generating intermittent pulse jets. These pulse jets periodically scour and impact the electrode surface, effectively destroying the bubble adhesion layer and concentration polarization boundary layer, promoting rapid bubble desorption. Moreover, when the total electrolyte flow changes due to photovoltaic power fluctuations, the impeller speed changes accordingly, and the pulse frequency and intensity automatically match the flow changes. By setting up a combing exhaust mechanism, a collection chamber is set above each electrolysis cell. The chamber contains an inclined comb plate to guide the gas in while blocking the liquid from rushing out directly. The bow-shaped plates above the orifice plate form an inertial separation channel. By utilizing the inertial difference between the gas and the liquid droplets, the liquid droplets collide, condense, and flow back. This three-stage separation structure significantly reduces the amount of liquid carried by the gas during exhaust, reduces the alkali entrainment on the hydrogen side, and ensures a smooth exhaust process without pulses, thus eliminating cell pressure fluctuations. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen production device in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the electrolyte distribution mechanism, the combing and venting mechanism, the sealing gasket, and the bipolar plate in this invention; Figure 4 In this invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electrolyte distribution mechanism in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the intermittent liquid outlet component and the outlet pipe in this invention; Figure 7 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the electrolyte input pipe in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the combing exhaust mechanism, sealing gasket, and hydrogen pipe in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the lightweight float and the connecting tube in this invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. End pressure plate; 2. Tensioning bolt; 3. Electrolyte distribution mechanism; 31. Electrolyte inlet pipe; 32. Outlet pipe; 33. Distribution hole; 34. Intermittent liquid outlet assembly; 341. Support plate; 342. Rotating ring; 343. Connecting hole; 344. Rotating shaft; 345. Impeller; 346. Connecting frame; 347. Contraction ring; 348. Turbulence protrusion; 35. Guide plate; 4. Combing and exhaust mechanism; 41. Collecting chamber; 42. Connecting pipe; 43. Orifice plate; 44. Comb plate ; 45. Bow-shaped plate; 46. Gas channel; 5. Anode plate; 6. Cathode plate; 7. Connecting frame; 8. Diaphragm; 9. Positive electrode; 10. Negative electrode; 11. Sealing gasket; 12. Hydrogen pipe; 13. Oxygen pipe; 14. Flow equalization groove; 15. Connecting notch; 16. Fixing frame; 17. Conical cylinder; 18. Opening block; 19. Guide rod; 20. Bracket; 21. Return spring; 22. Support frame; 23. Lightweight float; 24. Support rod; 25. Mating ring; 26. Bipolar plate. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1 Please see Figure 1-7A direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy is disclosed. The device includes two end plates 1, with several tension bolts 2 evenly running through the two end plates 1 along the circumference. An anode plate 5 and a cathode plate 6 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the two end plates 1. A positive electrode 9 and a negative electrode 10 connected to the photovoltaic clean energy are respectively bolted to the top of the anode plate 5 and the cathode plate 6. Several bipolar plates 26 are arranged at intervals between the anode plate 5 and the cathode plate 6. A connecting frame 7 is provided between the anode plate 5 and the bipolar plate 26, between the cathode plate 6 and the bipolar plate 26, and between adjacent bipolar plates 26. A diaphragm 8 is provided inside the connecting frame 7. A sealing gasket 11 is provided between the anode plate 5 and the bipolar plate 26, between the cathode plate 6 and the bipolar plate 26, and between adjacent bipolar plates 26. An electrolyte distribution mechanism 3 runs through the interior of the front end pressure plate 1. The rear end of the electrolyte distribution mechanism 3 passes through the interior of the cathode plate 6, sealing gasket 11, connecting frame 7, and bipolar plate 26 in sequence. The outlet end of the electrolyte distribution mechanism 3 is located in each electrolysis chamber. The hydrogen production device uses two end pressure plates 1 to press the anode plate 5, cathode plate 6, multiple bipolar plates 26, connecting frame 7, diaphragm 8, and sealing gasket 11 into a whole through circumferentially evenly distributed tension bolts 2, forming multiple series electrolysis chambers. The positive electrode 9 and negative electrode 10 are respectively connected to the DC output terminal of the photovoltaic clean energy to power the electrolysis reaction. The electrolyte enters each electrolysis chamber through the electrolyte distribution mechanism 3 that runs through the end pressure plate 1, and an electrolysis reaction occurs on the electrode surface to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The generated gas is discharged through the exhaust device. By using the electrolyte distribution mechanism 3, the electrolyte can be self-adaptively and evenly distributed, and the electrode surface can be efficiently scourned. This has the advantages of improving the efficiency, stability, and reliability of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system.

[0030] The inner sides of the anode plate 5 and cathode plate 6, and the front and rear sides of the bipolar plate 26 are provided with transversely arranged flow equalization grooves 14. The flow equalization grooves 14 have a wavy structure. The inner sides of the anode plate 5 and cathode plate 6, and the front and rear sides of the bipolar plate 26 are provided with longitudinally arranged connecting notches 15. The connecting notches 15 are connected to the flow equalization grooves 14. By processing the transversely arranged wavy flow equalization grooves 14 on the inner sides of the anode plate 5 and cathode plate 6, and the front and rear sides of the bipolar plate 26, when the electrolyte flows in the grooves, the flow velocity will undergo rhythmic changes of acceleration, deceleration and acceleration due to the periodic changes of the wavy cross section, generating micro-disturbances and destroying the gas-liquid boundary layer on the electrode surface. At the same time, the longitudinally arranged connecting notches 15 connect adjacent flow equalization grooves 14, so that the electrolyte can be exchanged laterally between different flow channels, avoiding local flow stagnation in a certain flow channel due to bubble accumulation, thereby improving the concentration uniformity of the entire electrode surface and avoiding short-circuit flow and local dead zones.

[0031] The electrolyte distribution mechanism 3 includes an electrolyte inlet pipe 31, with several outlet pipes 32 fixedly connected to the top of the inlet pipe 31. The top of each outlet pipe 32 passes through a sealing gasket 11 and extends to the anode and cathode sides of the hydrogen production device. Several sets of distribution holes 33 are provided on the surface of the outlet pipe 32, and these holes are spaced apart longitudinally along the outlet pipe 32. An intermittent liquid outlet assembly 34 is provided inside the outlet pipe 32, with the position of the intermittent liquid outlet assembly 34 corresponding to each set of distribution holes 33 and cooperating with them. Guide plates 35 are provided on the front and rear sides of the outlet pipe 32, respectively located on the anode and cathode sides of the hydrogen production device. By setting up the electrolyte distribution mechanism 3, the electrolyte inlet pipe 31 is introduced from outside the end pressure plate 1, with several outlet pipes 32 fixedly connected to its top. Each outlet pipe 32 extends to each electrolytic cell. The outlet pipe 32 has multiple sets of liquid distribution holes 33 distributed longitudinally on the anode and cathode sides of the chamber. The electrolyte is sprayed out from the liquid distribution holes 33. At the same time, an intermittent liquid outlet component 34 is provided inside the outlet pipe 32. This component works with the liquid distribution holes 33 to make the sprayed electrolyte appear in a periodic pulse state. The sprayed electrolyte is further diffused by the guide plates 35 on the front and rear sides of the outlet pipe 32 and then uniformly covers the electrode surface. This mechanism changes the electrolyte distribution method from single-point liquid inlet to multi-hole longitudinal liquid distribution. Combined with the pulse jet of the intermittent liquid outlet component 34, the electrolyte is uniformly distributed in the entire height direction of the electrode plate. Moreover, the pulse jet has a stronger scouring ability, which can effectively remove bubbles and reaction products attached to the electrode surface. Furthermore, the guide plates 35 further diffuse the sprayed electrolyte, so that the electrolyte covers the electrode surface in a large-area diffuse flow form, thereby improving the uniformity of the flow rate on the electrode surface.

[0032] The guide plate 35 consists of three layers of stainless steel guide sieves, which are parallel to the plane of the bipolar plate 26. Each layer of guide sieves is fixed to the electrode frame of the electrode plate by insulating gaskets. The opening ratio of the guide sieve adjacent to the liquid distribution hole 33 is 40%, the opening ratio of the guide sieve near the electrode is 30%, and the opening ratio of the middle guide sieve is 35%. The holes of the three layers of guide sieves are staggered from the liquid distribution hole 33 towards the electrode. A pressure equalization cavity is provided between the guide sieve near the electrode and the electrode. The guide plate 35 consists of three layers of stainless steel guide sieves, each layer of which is parallel to the plane of the bipolar plate 26 and fixed to the electrode frame by insulating gaskets. The first layer of sieve plate adjacent to the liquid distribution hole 33 has an opening rate of 40% and a relatively large hole diameter, which is used to disperse the high-speed jet into multiple fine jets. The middle layer of sieve plate has an opening rate of 35% and the hole position is offset from the first layer, so that the jet can be further diffused laterally. The third layer of sieve plate near the electrode has an opening rate of 30% and the hole position is again offset from the middle layer. It also acts as a bubble cutter, which can break up large bubbles. In addition, there is a pressure equalization cavity between the third layer of sieve plate and the electrode, so that the electrolyte can uniformly cover the electrode surface in a low flow rate and large area diffusion form, achieving the dual effect of strong inlet flushing and uniform outlet flow, and improving the uniformity of electrolyte distribution.

[0033] The intermittent liquid outlet assembly 34 includes two support plates 341, with a rotating ring 342 rotatably connected between them. The rotating ring 342 has several annularly shaped connecting holes 343 on its surface, which cooperate with the liquid distribution holes 33. A rotating shaft 344 is rotatably connected inside the rotating ring 342, with an impeller 345 fixedly connected to its bottom end. A connecting frame 346 is fixedly sleeved on the surface of the rotating shaft 344, and the rotating shaft 344 is fixedly connected to the rotating ring 342 via the connecting frame 346. Multiple contraction rings 347 are longitudinally arranged inside the outlet pipe 32, located below the rotating ring 342, and have a trapezoidal cross-section. Spiral turbulence protrusions 348 are provided on the inner wall of the outlet pipe 32. Between the contraction ring 347 and the rotating ring 342, an intermittent liquid outlet assembly is provided. When the electrolyte flows upward through the contraction ring 347, it is accelerated before entering the area of ​​the rotating ring 342 and impacts the impeller 345, driving the rotating shaft 344 and the rotating ring 342 to rotate. This causes the connecting hole 343 and the liquid distribution hole 33 to periodically align and stagger, thereby generating a pulse jet. This pulse jet forms a periodic scouring impact on the electrode surface, effectively destroying the bubble adhesion layer and concentration polarization boundary layer, promoting rapid bubble desorption. Furthermore, the pulse frequency automatically changes with the electrolyte flow rate. When the flow rate is high, the rotation speed is high and the pulse frequency is high, while when the flow rate is low, the frequency decreases, adapting to photovoltaic power fluctuations. At the same time, the spiral turbulence protrusion 348 causes the electrolyte to rotate and rise, preventing impurities from depositing and clogging the liquid distribution hole 33.

[0034] The top of the rotating shaft 344 is rotatably connected to a fixing frame 16. The outer side of the fixing frame 16 is bolted to the top support plate 341. The fixing frame 16 rotatably connects to the top of the rotating shaft 344 and the outer side of the fixing frame 16 is bolted to the top support plate 341, providing stable axial and radial positioning for the rotating shaft 344 and preventing it from tilting during rotation. The fixing frame 16 adopts an open structure, which does not obstruct the flow of electrolyte.

[0035] The inlet end of the electrolyte input pipe 31 is provided with a cone 17. An opening block 18, adapted to the shape of the cone 17, is slidably disposed inside the cone 17, forming a flow channel between the opening block 18 and the cone 17. A guide rod 19 is slidably disposed inside the opening block 18, and a bracket 20 is bolted to the rear side of the guide rod 19. A return spring 21 is sleeved on the surface of the guide rod 19, with its two ends connected to the bracket 20 and the opening block 18, respectively. By providing a cone 17 at the inlet end of the electrolyte input pipe 31, and having an opening block 18 slidably disposed inside the cone 17, the flow channel is effectively achieved. Block 18 and cone 17 form an annular flow channel. When the inlet pressure increases, the hydraulic force pushes the opening block 18 to compress the return spring 21 and move it backward, increasing the gap between the opening block 18 and cone 17 and increasing the flow rate. When the pressure decreases, the return spring 21 pushes the opening block 18 forward, decreasing the gap and reducing the flow rate. This enables adaptive adjustment of the total electrolyte flow rate, keeping the pressure entering each outlet pipe 32 relatively stable. This ensures that the flow distribution of each electrolysis chamber is not unbalanced due to fluctuations in the total flow rate and is suitable for rapid fluctuations in photovoltaic power.

[0036] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: The electrolyte is pumped into the electrolyte inlet pipe 31 by an external circulation pump. It first passes through the adaptive flow regulating valve composed of the cone 17 and the opening block 18 at the inlet end. When the inlet pressure increases (corresponding to an increase in photovoltaic power), the hydraulic force pushes the opening block 18 to compress the reset spring 21 and move it backward, increasing the gap between the opening block 18 and the cone 17, allowing more electrolyte to enter. When the pressure decreases, the spring pushes the opening block 18 forward, and the gap automatically narrows, keeping the pressure entering each outlet pipe 32 relatively stable. After the electrolyte enters the electrolyte inlet pipe 31, it is distributed upwards to each outlet pipe 32. Each outlet pipe 32 extends to the anode and cathode sides of the corresponding electrolysis chamber. The electrolyte flows upwards within the outlet pipe 32, first passing through the contraction ring 347, which increases the electrolyte flow rate. It then impacts the spiral turbulence protrusion 348, generating a rotating upward motion, effectively preventing impurity deposition. The rising electrolyte drives the impeller 345 to rotate. The impeller 345, through the rotating shaft 344 and connecting frame 346, drives the rotating ring 342 to rotate synchronously. The connecting holes 343 on the surface of the ring 342 are periodically aligned with and offset from the liquid distribution holes 33 on the wall of the outlet pipe 32. When the connecting holes 343 are aligned with the liquid distribution holes 33, the electrolyte is ejected from the liquid distribution holes 33 at high speed in a pulsed manner. When they are offset, the ejection stops, thus forming a periodic pulsed jet with a frequency proportional to the electrolyte flow rate. The higher the flow rate, the higher the speed of the impeller 345 and the faster the pulse frequency. When the flow rate decreases, the frequency automatically decreases. The pulsed jet will impact the guide plate 35 and first impact the first layer of guide plate adjacent to the liquid distribution holes 33. The high-speed jet is broken into multiple fine jets through the sieve plate. After passing through the first layer, the fine jets collide with the second layer of staggered sieve plate, further diffusing and mixing laterally. Finally, they pass through the third layer of staggered sieve plate, where large bubbles are cut into small bubbles. Through the step-by-step diffusion of the three sieve plates, the electrolyte enters the pressure equalization chamber in a low-flow-rate, large-area diffused form, uniformly covering the electrode surface. The periodic impact of the pulse jet effectively removes the bubbles and reaction products attached to the electrode surface, while the staggered design of the three sieve plates ensures the uniform distribution of electrolyte across the entire height of the electrode plate.

[0037] Example 2 refer to Figure 8-9A direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy also includes two combing exhaust mechanisms 4. The outlet ends of the two combing exhaust mechanisms 4 are respectively connected to hydrogen pipes 12 and oxygen pipes 13. Both hydrogen pipes 12 and oxygen pipes 13 extend to the outside of the hydrogen production device. The combing exhaust mechanism 4 includes a collecting chamber 41, which is located above each electrolysis chamber of the hydrogen production device. The top of the collecting chamber 41 is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe 42, and the other end of the connecting pipe 42 is connected to the hydrogen pipe 12 and oxygen pipe 13 respectively. An orifice plate 43 is bolted inside the collecting chamber 41. Several inclined comb plates 44 are bolted to the bottom of the orifice plate 43. The inclined direction of the comb plates 44 faces the connection between the collecting chamber 41 and the connecting pipe 42. Several arc-shaped plates 45 are bolted to the top of the orifice plate 43 at intervals along the length of the orifice plate 43. The arc-shaped plates 45 are located at... Below the connecting pipe 42, a gas channel 46 is formed between adjacent bow-shaped plates 45. By setting a combing exhaust mechanism 4, when the gas-liquid mixture enters the collecting chamber 41, the comb plate 44 guides the gas upward through the perforated plate 43, while blocking the liquid from rushing out directly. Multiple bow-shaped plates 45 are arranged at intervals along the length of the top of the perforated plate 43, and a narrow gas channel 46 is formed between adjacent bow-shaped plates 45. When the gas passes through the gaps between the bow-shaped plates 45, the droplets hit the surface of the bow-shaped plates 45 due to inertia and condense and drip down, allowing the dry gas to enter the connecting pipe 42. This combing exhaust mechanism 4 realizes a three-stage gas-liquid separation mechanism of comb blocking liquid, bow-shaped plate 45 inertial separation, and collecting chamber 41 settling. The comb plate 44 effectively prevents the gas-liquid mixture from being ejected, while the bow-shaped plates 45 use inertial force to separate tiny droplets, making the exhaust process stable and with extremely low liquid volume, eliminating tank pressure fluctuations.

[0038] Among them, several comb plates 44 are arranged in groups of three and are distributed symmetrically in mirror image with the axis of the collecting cavity 41. The symmetrical grouping of the comb plates 44 ensures the uniformity of gas collection across the entire width of the collecting cavity 41. The mirror symmetry design ensures that the airflow from both sides enters the collecting cavity 41 along symmetrical paths with consistent resistance, thus avoiding short-circuiting of airflow on one side.

[0039] The connecting pipe 42 is internally connected to a support frame 22, and a support rod 24 is internally connected to the top of the support frame 22. A lightweight float 23 is slidably fitted onto the surface of the support rod 24. A mating ring 25 is provided inside the connecting pipe 42 and is fitted onto the upper end of the lightweight float 23. The lightweight float 23 has a lower density than the electrolyte and will not generate additional resistance during normal gas flow. In the event of liquid backflow, the lightweight float 23 and the mating ring 25 work together to automatically close, effectively preventing the alkaline solution from entering downstream pipes and equipment, and avoiding accidents such as catalyst contamination, pipe blockage, or safety valve failure caused by liquid return.

[0040] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: Hydrogen (cathode side) and oxygen (anode side) generated by the electrolysis reaction form a gas-liquid mixture with the electrolyte. This mixture naturally rises within the electrode chamber to the collecting chamber 41 above each electrolysis chamber. The gas-liquid mixture first contacts the comb plates 44 installed at the bottom of the perforated plate 43. The comb plates 44 are arranged in groups of three, mirror-symmetrically distributed, and tilted towards the connection between the collecting chamber 41 and the connecting pipe 42. When the gas-liquid mixture impacts the comb plates 44, the comb plates 44 guide the gas upward through the through holes in the perforated plate 43, while simultaneously using the narrow gaps between the teeth to prevent large amounts of liquid from rushing out directly. Because the tilt direction of the comb plates 44 faces the outlet, the gas is smoothly guided towards the connecting pipe 42, while most of the electrolyte is intercepted and flows back to the electrode chamber along the comb plates 44, achieving the first stage of gas-liquid separation. The gas passing through the perforated plate 43 still carries tiny liquid droplets. The gas continues to rise and enters the area above the perforated plate 43 formed by multiple arc-shaped plates 45 arranged at intervals. The narrow channel has a 2-3mm gap between adjacent arc-shaped plates 45. When the gas passes through these gaps at high speed, due to the density and inertia difference between the gas and the droplets, the droplets cannot follow the gas to turn quickly. They collide with the surface of the arc-shaped plates 45 and condense into larger droplets. Under the action of gravity, they drip back to the bottom of the collecting chamber 41 and then flow back to the electrode chamber. The drier gas passes smoothly through the gaps into the connecting pipe 42, realizing the second stage of inertial separation. After the gas enters the connecting pipe 42, the lightweight float 23 is in a suspended state under the normal airflow and does not obstruct the exhaust. If an abnormal situation occurs (such as an abnormal rise in the electrolyte level or a sudden drop in gas pressure) causing liquid to backflow into the connecting pipe 42, the float quickly rises and seals with the mating ring 25, automatically closing the channel to prevent the alkaline solution from entering the hydrogen pipe 12 or oxygen pipe 13. Finally, the stable gas with low liquid content is discharged from the device through the hydrogen pipe 12 or oxygen pipe 13 and enters the subsequent processing system.

[0041] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step after reading this specification. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy, the hydrogen production device comprising two end plates (1), characterized in that: A number of tension bolts (2) are evenly inserted circumferentially between the two end plates (1). An anode plate (5) and a cathode plate (6) are respectively provided on the opposite side of the two end plates (1). A positive electrode (9) and a negative electrode (10) connected to photovoltaic clean energy are respectively bolted to the top of the anode plate (5) and the cathode plate (6). A number of bipolar plates (26) are arranged at intervals between the anode plate (5) and the cathode plate (6). A connecting frame (7) is provided between the anode plate (5) and the bipolar plate (26), between the cathode plate (6) and the bipolar plate (26), and between adjacent bipolar plates (26). A diaphragm (8) is provided inside the connecting frame (7). A sealing gasket (11) is provided between the anode plate (5) and the bipolar plate (26), between the cathode plate (6) and the bipolar plate (26), and between adjacent bipolar plates (26). An electrolyte distribution mechanism (3) runs through the interior of the front end pressure plate (1). The rear end of the electrolyte distribution mechanism (3) runs through the interior of the cathode plate (6), sealing gasket (11), connecting frame (7) and bipolar plate (26) in sequence. The outlet end of the electrolyte distribution mechanism (3) is located in each electrolysis chamber. A combing exhaust mechanism (4) is provided on both the anode and cathode sides of the hydrogen production device. The outlet ends of the two combing exhaust mechanisms (4) are respectively connected to a hydrogen pipe (12) and an oxygen pipe (13). The hydrogen pipe (12) and the oxygen pipe (13) both extend to the outside of the hydrogen production device.

2. The DC direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner sides of the anode plate (5) and cathode plate (6), and the front and rear sides of the bipolar plate (26) are provided with transversely arranged flow equalization grooves (14). The flow equalization grooves (14) have a wave-shaped structure. The inner sides of the anode plate (5) and cathode plate (6), and the front and rear sides of the bipolar plate (26) are provided with longitudinally arranged connecting notches (15). The connecting notches (15) are connected to the flow equalization grooves (14).

3. The DC direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrolyte distribution mechanism (3) includes an electrolyte input pipe (31), the top of which is fixedly connected to several outlet pipes (32). The top of the outlet pipes (32) passes through a sealing gasket (11) and extends to the anode side and cathode side of the hydrogen production device respectively. Several sets of distribution holes (33) are opened on the surface of the outlet pipes (32), and the several sets of distribution holes (33) are distributed longitudinally along the outlet pipes (32). An intermittent liquid outlet assembly (34) is provided inside the outlet pipes (32). The position of the intermittent liquid outlet assembly (34) corresponds to each set of distribution holes (33) and is used in conjunction with the distribution holes (33). A guide plate (35) is provided on the front and rear sides of the outlet pipes (32), and the guide plate (35) is located on the anode side and cathode side of the hydrogen production device respectively.

4. A DC direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide plate (35) is composed of three layers of stainless steel guide sieves. The guide sieves are parallel to the plane of the bipolar plate (26), and each layer of guide sieves is fixed to the electrode frame of the electrode plate by insulating gaskets. The opening rate of the guide sieves adjacent to the liquid distribution hole (33) is 40%, the opening rate of the guide sieves near the electrode is 30%, and the opening rate of the middle guide sieve is 35%. The holes of the three layers of guide sieves are staggered from the liquid distribution hole (33) towards the electrode. A pressure equalization cavity is provided between the guide sieves near the electrode and the electrode.

5. A DC direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy according to claim 3, characterized in that: The intermittent liquid dispensing assembly (34) includes two support plates (341), and a rotating ring (342) is rotatably connected between the two support plates (341). The surface of the rotating ring (342) is provided with a plurality of connecting holes (343) in an annular shape. The connecting holes (343) are used in conjunction with the liquid distribution holes (33). A rotating shaft (344) is rotatably connected inside the rotating ring (342). An impeller (345) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating shaft (344). A connecting sleeve is fixedly fitted on the surface of the rotating shaft (344). The connecting frame (346) and the rotating shaft (344) are fixedly connected to the rotating ring (342) through the connecting frame (346). The outlet pipe (32) has a plurality of contraction rings (347) arranged longitudinally inside. The contraction rings (347) are located below the rotating ring (342), and the cross section of the contraction rings (347) is trapezoidal. The inner wall of the outlet pipe (32) is provided with spiral turbulence protrusions (348), and the turbulence protrusions (348) are located between the contraction rings (347) and the rotating ring (342).

6. A DC direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the rotating shaft (344) is rotatably connected to a fixing frame (16), and the outer side of the fixing frame (16) is bolted to the top support plate (341).

7. A DC direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inlet end of the electrolyte input pipe (31) is provided with a cone (17). Inside the cone (17), an opening block (18) adapted to its shape is slidably arranged, and a flow channel is formed between the opening block (18) and the cone (17). Inside the opening block (18), a guide rod (19) is slidably arranged. A bracket (20) is bolted to the rear side of the guide rod (19). A return spring (21) is sleeved on the surface of the guide rod (19). The two ends of the return spring (21) are respectively connected to the bracket (20) and the opening block (18).

8. A DC direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combing exhaust mechanism (4) includes a collecting chamber (41), which is located above each electrolysis chamber of the hydrogen production device. A connecting pipe (42) is fixedly connected to the top of the collecting chamber (41). The other end of the connecting pipe (42) is connected to the hydrogen pipe (12) and the oxygen pipe (13) respectively. An orifice plate (43) is bolted inside the collecting chamber (41). Several inclined comb plates (44) are bolted to the bottom of the orifice plate (43). The inclined direction of the comb plates (44) is towards the connection between the collecting chamber (41) and the connecting pipe (42). Several arc-shaped pieces (45) are bolted to the top of the orifice plate (43) at intervals along the length of the orifice plate (43). The arc-shaped pieces (45) are located below the connecting pipe (42), and a gas channel (46) is formed between adjacent arc-shaped pieces (45).

9. A DC direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy according to claim 8, characterized in that: Several comb plates (44) are arranged in groups of three and are distributed symmetrically in mirror image of the axis of the collection cavity (41).

10. A DC direct-drive hydrogen production device based on photovoltaic clean energy according to claim 8, characterized in that: The connecting pipe (42) is bolted with a support frame (22), and a support rod (24) is bolted to the top of the support frame (22). A lightweight float (23) is slidably fitted on the surface of the support rod (24). A mating ring (25) is provided inside the connecting pipe (42), and the mating ring (25) is fitted on the upper end of the lightweight float (23).

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