Preparation and application of a rare earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalyst

Abstract

This invention discloses a rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalyst, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of water electrolysis catalysis technology. Based on a solution system constructed from ruthenium salts and rare-earth salts, a stable precursor is formed under the action of a complexing agent. Rapid and uniform bulk heating is achieved through microwave treatment to promote precursor conversion. Subsequently, after centrifugation, freeze-drying, and air-atmosphere heat treatment, rare-earth-doped Ru / RuO2 nanoparticle catalysts are obtained. This method can achieve precursor conversion in a short time and improve the dispersion of metal species. The overall process is simple and beneficial to improving catalyst preparation efficiency. The introduction of rare-earth elements can regulate the electronic structure and local coordination environment of ruthenium, optimize the adsorption behavior of intermediates, and suppress their excessive oxidation and dissolution tendencies at high potentials, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity and stability of ruthenium-based materials. The obtained catalyst can be applied to the oxygen evolution reaction on the anodic side of an acidic electrolyte system and exhibits good electrocatalytic performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water electrolysis catalysis technology, and relates to a rare earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalyst, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] With the continued growth in demand for clean and renewable energy and the advancement of "dual carbon" goals, proton exchange membrane electrolysis (PEMWE) has become one of the important technological pathways for achieving green hydrogen production due to its high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and good adaptability to fluctuating power sources. However, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the PEMWE anode involves a complex four-electron transfer process with slow kinetics, which is a key bottleneck limiting electrolysis efficiency. Simultaneously, its strongly acidic and high oxidation potential operating environment places more stringent requirements on the activity and stability of the catalyst. Currently, commercial anode catalysts mainly rely on iridium-based materials, but iridium resources are scarce and expensive, limiting their large-scale application.

[0003] Ruthenium (Ru)-based catalysts are considered a potential alternative to iridium-based materials due to their high intrinsic OER activity and relatively low cost. However, under harsh PEMWE operating conditions, ruthenium is prone to over-oxidation and may form soluble high-valence species through lattice oxygen participation reactions (LOM mechanism), leading to dissolution of the active component and structural instability, thus significantly reducing catalyst durability. Therefore, achieving a synergistic improvement in the activity and stability of ruthenium-based materials in acidic electrolytes remains a key challenge.

[0004] Existing research has improved the electronic structure of ruthenium-based materials and suppressed their excessive oxidation to some extent by constructing heterostructures, introducing defects, and doping with heteroatoms. However, these methods still have certain limitations: on the one hand, traditional transition metal doping has limited ability to regulate the electronic structure of ruthenium, making it difficult to achieve long-term stability under strong acidity and high potential; on the other hand, traditional high-temperature or solvothermal preparation methods are difficult to precisely control the nucleation and dispersion process of metal precursors, which can easily lead to agglomeration or uneven doping of active components, thereby affecting the uniformity of catalyst structure and the utilization efficiency of active sites. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalyst to overcome the insufficient durability of existing ruthenium-based catalysts under the strongly acidic and high-oxidation-potential conditions of PEMWE. Simultaneously, this invention also provides a method for preparing the rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalyst. This method utilizes a complexing agent to regulate the metal precursor system, combined with microwave-assisted treatment and subsequent heat treatment processes, to achieve uniform dispersion and controllable nucleation of ruthenium and rare-earth elements, thereby obtaining a catalytic material with consistent structure and stable performance. Finally, this invention also provides the application of the aforementioned rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalyst in water electrolysis for hydrogen production. This catalyst can serve as an anolyte-side oxygen evolution reaction catalyst in an acidic electrolyte system, exhibiting good catalytic activity and stability, indicating its potential applicability to the PEMWE system.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives of the present invention, the following technical solution is adopted:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Disperse ruthenium metal salt, rare earth metal salt and complexing agent uniformly in solvent, so that metal ions and complexing agent can coordinate to form a precursor system;

[0009] S2. The precursor system obtained in step S1 is microwaved under stirring to obtain a suspension;

[0010] S3. After centrifugation, the suspension obtained in step S2 is freeze-dried to obtain a solid precursor.

[0011] S4. The solid precursor obtained in step S3 is heat-treated in an air atmosphere to obtain rare earth-doped Ru / RuO2 nanoparticles.

[0012] Further, in step S1, the ruthenium metal salt is either ruthenium chloride or ruthenium acetylacetonate.

[0013] Further, in step S1, the rare earth metal salt is at least one of yttrium nitrate, lanthanum nitrate, cerium nitrate, neodymium nitrate, samarium nitrate, and holmium nitrate.

[0014] Further, in step S1, the complexing agent is at least one of citric acid, tartaric acid, and catechol, preferably citric acid. Introducing the complexing agent has the following effects: on the one hand, the complexing agent can coordinate with ruthenium ions and rare earth ions to form relatively stable complexes, thereby improving the dispersion state of metal ions in the solution and helping to maintain the homogeneity of the system; on the other hand, the complexing agent can, to a certain extent, affect the reaction process of metal ions, enabling them to participate in the reaction more uniformly during subsequent microwave treatment and forming a material with a more uniform component distribution during subsequent heat treatment, thereby helping to reduce the occurrence of local enrichment or phase separation.

[0015] Further, in step S1, the molar ratio of the metal ion to the complexing agent is 0.2 to 1.0, preferably 0.3 to 0.5; the molar ratio of the rare earth salt to the ruthenium salt is 0.01 to 0.20, and in some specific embodiments, the molar ratio of the rare earth salt to the ruthenium salt is 0.05, 0.10, or 0.20.

[0016] Further, in step S1, the solvent is at least one of water and ethylene glycol, preferably ethylene glycol.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S2, the microwave treatment power is 200-600W, the time is 2-15min, and the stirring speed is 300-600rpm.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S3, the centrifugation process includes washing with deionized water and ethanol at least three times each; the freeze-drying treatment temperature is approximately -40°C, and the treatment time is 10–24 hours.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S4, the heat treatment is carried out in an air atmosphere at a temperature of 300–600°C and a heating rate of 1–5°C / min. -1 The heat preservation time is 2-6 hours, preferably 400℃, 2℃min. -1 , 4h.

[0020] Furthermore, the product obtained in step S4 is rare earth-doped Ru / RuO2 nanoparticles.

[0021] Secondly, the present invention provides a rare earth-controlled ruthenium-based electrocatalyst obtained by the preparation method described above, wherein the rare earth-controlled ruthenium-based electrocatalyst is rare earth-doped Ru / RuO2 nanoparticles with an average particle size of less than 50 nm.

[0022] Thirdly, the rare earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalyst described in this invention can be used as a catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction on the anodic side in an acidic electrolyte system, and exhibits good catalytic activity and stability, indicating its potential applicability to the PEMWE system.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. Microwave treatment facilitates rapid and uniform heating: This invention employs microwave-assisted treatment. Compared to traditional external heating, which mainly relies on heat conduction and convection, gradually increasing temperature from the outside in and easily generating temperature gradients, microwave heating converts electromagnetic energy into heat energy by generating dielectric loss through polar molecules and ions in the material under the action of an alternating electromagnetic field. This achieves a heating process dominated by bulk heating, thereby enabling the overall temperature of the reaction system to rise in a shorter time and improving the uniformity of heating to a certain extent. This is beneficial for the formation of precursors and enhances the controllability of the process.

[0025] 2. Rare earth elements have a regulatory effect on ruthenium-based materials: This invention regulates ruthenium-based materials by introducing rare earth elements. Rare earth elements generally have low electronegativity, and their introduction can regulate the local electronic structure of ruthenium-based materials to a certain extent, thereby affecting the adsorption behavior of reaction intermediates and helping to improve the oxygen evolution reaction kinetics. At the same time, the introduction of rare earth elements helps to improve the structure and chemical stability of ruthenium-based materials, and can reduce the excessive oxidation and dissolution tendency of ruthenium species in acidic OER to a certain extent, thereby improving the stability of the catalyst.

[0026] 3. Simple and controllable preparation process: The present invention adopts a preparation method that combines solution complexation, microwave treatment and heat treatment, which helps to promote the transformation of precursors in a short time and improves the dispersion state of metal species to a certain extent, thereby obtaining a material with a relatively uniform composition distribution; the overall process is simple and conducive to improving the preparation efficiency of catalyst. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 SEM images of the rare earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalysts (a, b) prepared in Example 1 of the present invention and the rare earth-free ruthenium-based electrocatalysts (c, d) prepared in Comparative Example 3.

[0029] Figure 2 The XRD patterns are of the electrocatalysts prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 of this invention.

[0030] Figure 3 XPS images of the electrocatalysts prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of this invention;

[0031] Figure 4 The OER polarization curves of the electrocatalysts prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 in a three-electrode reaction cell in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte are shown.

[0032] Figure 5 The OER polarization curves of the electrocatalysts prepared in Examples 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 in a three-electrode reaction cell with 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte are shown.

[0033] Figure 6 The OER polarization curves of the electrocatalysts prepared in Examples 1, 2, 3 and Comparative Example 3 in a three-electrode reaction cell in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte are shown.

[0034] Figure 7 The electrocatalysts prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 were used in a three-electrode reaction cell in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte at 10 mA cm⁻¹. -2 Constant current polarization curve at current density. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] The rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalyst of this embodiment is prepared by a method including the following steps:

[0038] S1. Preparation of the precursor solution: 100 mL of ethylene glycol was measured using a graduated cylinder and added to a three-necked flask. Then, under magnetic stirring, 100.00 mg of ruthenium chloride trihydrate and 14.65 mg of yttrium nitrate hexahydrate were added and allowed to dissolve completely. Subsequently, 294.69 mg of citric acid monohydrate was added during stirring to allow the metal ions to coordinate with the complexing agent, forming a homogeneous precursor solution.

[0039] S2. Microwave-assisted treatment: The above precursor solution is transferred to a microwave reactor and microwave treatment is performed under stirring conditions. The stirring speed is 500 rpm and the microwave power is 300 W. Under these conditions, the system is heated to about 160°C and held for 10 min. After the treatment is completed, it is naturally cooled to obtain a suspension.

[0040] S3. Centrifugation and freeze-drying: The resulting suspension was washed three times with deionized water and ethanol, respectively, to remove unreacted substances and impurities. Subsequently, the resulting precipitate was freeze-dried at approximately -40°C and then dried under vacuum for 18 hours to obtain a solid precursor.

[0041] S4. Heat treatment: The obtained solid precursor is ground and placed in a muffle furnace, and heated at 2℃ for 2 min in an air atmosphere. -1 The temperature was increased to 400℃ and held for 4 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain rare earth yttrium-doped Ru / RuO2 nanoparticles.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] The only difference between it and Example 1 is that in step S1, the amount of yttrium nitrate hexahydrate used is 7.32 mg.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] The only difference between it and Example 1 is that in step S1, the amount of yttrium nitrate hexahydrate used is 29.30 mg.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] The only difference between it and Example 1 is that in step S1, yttrium nitrate hexahydrate is replaced with 16.56 mg of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate.

[0048] Example 5

[0049] The only difference between it and Example 1 is that in step S1, yttrium nitrate hexahydrate is replaced with 16.61 mg of cerium nitrate hexahydrate.

[0050] Example 6

[0051] The only difference between it and Example 1 is that in step S1, yttrium nitrate hexahydrate is replaced with 16.76 mg of neodymium nitrate hexahydrate.

[0052] Example 7

[0053] The only difference between it and Example 1 is that in step S1, yttrium nitrate hexahydrate is replaced with 17.00 mg of samarium nitrate hexahydrate.

[0054] Example 8

[0055] The only difference between it and Example 1 is that in step S1, yttrium nitrate hexahydrate is replaced with 16.87 mg of holmium nitrate pentahydrate.

[0056] Comparative Example 1

[0057] The rare-earth-free ruthenium-based electrocatalyst (Ru / RuO2) in this comparative example was prepared by a method including the following steps:

[0058] S1. Preparation of the precursor solution: 100 mL of ethylene glycol was measured using a graduated cylinder and added to a three-necked flask. Then, 100.00 mg of ruthenium chloride trihydrate was added and dissolved completely under magnetic stirring. Subsequently, 267.90 mg of citric acid monohydrate was added during stirring to allow the metal ions to coordinate with the complexing agent, forming a homogeneous precursor solution.

[0059] S2. Microwave-assisted treatment: The above precursor solution is transferred to a microwave reactor and microwave treatment is performed under stirring conditions. The stirring speed is 500 rpm and the microwave power is 300 W. Under these conditions, the system is heated to about 160°C and held for 10 min. After the treatment is completed, it is naturally cooled to obtain a suspension.

[0060] S3. Centrifugation and freeze-drying: The resulting suspension was washed three times with deionized water and ethanol, respectively, to remove unreacted substances and impurities. Subsequently, the resulting precipitate was freeze-dried at approximately -40°C and then dried under vacuum for 18 hours to obtain a solid precursor.

[0061] S4. Heat treatment: The obtained solid precursor is ground and placed in a muffle furnace, and heated at 2℃ for 2 min in an air atmosphere. -1 The temperature was increased to 400℃ and held for 4 hours, then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain Ru / RuO2 nanoparticles.

[0062] Comparative Example 2

[0063] The rare-earth-modified ruthenium-based electrocatalyst (rare-earth yttrium-doped RuO2) in this comparative example was prepared by a method including the following steps:

[0064] S1. Preparation of the precursor solution: 100 mL of ethylene glycol was measured using a graduated cylinder and added to a three-necked flask. Then, 100.00 mg of ruthenium chloride trihydrate and 14.65 mg of yttrium nitrate hexahydrate were added and dissolved completely under magnetic stirring. Subsequently, 294.69 mg of citric acid monohydrate was added during stirring to allow the metal ions to coordinate with the complexing agent, forming the precursor solution.

[0065] S2. Microwave-assisted treatment: The above precursor solution is transferred to a microwave reactor and microwave treatment is performed under stirring conditions. The stirring speed is 500 rpm and the microwave power is 300 W. Under these conditions, the system is heated to about 160°C and held for 10 min. After the treatment is completed, it is naturally cooled to obtain a suspension.

[0066] S3. Centrifugation and freeze-drying: The resulting suspension was washed three times with deionized water and ethanol, respectively, to remove unreacted substances and impurities. Subsequently, the resulting precipitate was freeze-dried at approximately -40°C and then dried under vacuum for 18 hours to obtain a solid precursor.

[0067] S4. Heat treatment: The obtained solid precursor is ground and placed in a muffle furnace, and heated at 2℃ for 2 min in an air atmosphere. -1 The temperature was increased to 400℃ and held for 10 hours, then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain yttrium-doped RuO2 nanoparticles. Due to the extended heat treatment time, the system remained in an oxidizing environment in air, which promoted the transformation of Ru species to a more stable oxidation state, causing metallic Ru to gradually oxidize to RuO2, thus forming a crystal phase structure dominated by RuO2.

[0068] Comparative Example 3

[0069] The preparation method of the rare earth-free ruthenium-based electrocatalyst (RuO2) in this comparative example differs from that in Comparative Example 2 only in that: in step S1, yttrium nitrate hexahydrate is not added, and the amount of citric acid monohydrate is 267.90 mg.

[0070] Effect Example

[0071] (1) Morphological characteristics

[0072] The electrocatalyst prepared in Example 1 was subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) testing, and the results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown in a and 1b.

[0073] The electrocatalyst prepared in Comparative Example 3 was subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) testing, and the results are as follows: Figure 1 c, 1d are shown.

[0074] from Figure 1 It can be seen that the electrocatalyst prepared in Example 1 has a particle morphology with an average particle size of less than 50 nm; while the sample of Comparative Example 3, which was prepared by extending the heat treatment time, has a significantly increased average particle size and exhibits a greater degree of sintering.

[0075] (2) Phase characterization

[0076] X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests were performed on the electrocatalysts prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3. The results are as follows: Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the XRD patterns indicate that Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 consist of a rutile RuO2 phase and a metallic Ru phase. In contrast, after prolonged heat treatment, Comparative Examples 2 and 3 only showed diffraction characteristic peaks of the rutile RuO2 phase, and no obvious metallic Ru diffraction peaks were detected.

[0077] X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed on the products obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and the results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown. From Figure 3 As can be seen from this, the presence of the Y element signal indicates that it has been introduced into the catalyst system. From... Figure 3As shown in high-resolution Ru3p XPS spectra (b), compared to the undoped sample, the Ru3p content in the rare-earth yttrium-doped Ru / RuO2 catalyst is significantly higher. 3 / 2 The peak shifts towards lower binding energy, indicating that the rare earth element yttrium has a certain regulatory effect on the electronic structure of Ru-based materials.

[0078] (3) Performance testing in a three-electrode reactor

[0079] The electrochemical performance of the products obtained in each embodiment and comparative example was tested. The specific test methods are as follows:

[0080] A three-electrode system was used for evaluation. The electrolyte was a 0.5 M H₂SO₄ solution (pH≈0). The working electrode was prepared from the products obtained in each example and comparative example. The counter electrode was a platinum wire, and the reference electrode was a saturated calomel electrode (SCE). All test potentials were converted to potentials relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The catalyst was first tested using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) in the potential range of 1.2–1.8 V (vs. RHE) at a scan rate of 5 mV / s. -1 The result is as follows Figure 4 , 5 As shown in Figure 6. To evaluate the durability of the prepared electrocatalyst, 10 mA cm⁻¹ tests were conducted on Examples 1 and 3 in the same system. -2 The constant current polarization test under current density recorded the potential change over time, and the results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0081] Figure 4 , 5 Figures 6 and 7 show the OER polarization curves of the electrocatalysts prepared in each example and comparative example in a three-electrode reaction cell with 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Figure 4 It can be seen that Example 1 exhibits superior OER activity at 10 mA cm⁻¹. -2 The overpotential at the current density was approximately 154 mV, superior to other comparative samples. This result indicates that the introduction of rare earth elements may positively influence the electronic structure and adsorption behavior of reaction intermediates in Ru-based materials, thereby enhancing their oxygen evolution reaction activity. Figure 5 It can be seen that among the different rare earth-doped samples, Example 1 exhibits relatively superior electrocatalytic activity. From... Figure 6 It can be seen that, under the experimental conditions, the rare earth doping ratio corresponding to Example 1 exhibits superior OER activity.

[0082] Figure 7 The catalysts prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 were reacted in a three-electrode reactor in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte at 10 mA / cm². -2The galvanostatic polarization curves at current density are shown. The results indicate that during continuous operation for 2000 hours under strongly acidic and high oxidation potential conditions, the operating potential corresponding to Example 1 remained stable overall, without significant fluctuations or a continuous upward trend, demonstrating excellent electrochemical stability. In contrast, Comparative Example 3 showed poor stability. These results suggest that the introduction of rare earth elements helps improve the stability of the catalyst under acidic oxygen evolution reaction conditions.

[0083] Therefore, this invention constructs a rare-earth-regulated ruthenium / ruthenium oxide nanocatalyst by combining a solution complexation strategy with microwave-assisted treatment and subsequent heat treatment. The complexing agent helps improve the dispersibility of the metal precursor; microwave treatment enables rapid and uniform bulk heating, promoting efficient precursor conversion; and subsequent heat treatment facilitates the formation of a structurally stable catalytic material. Furthermore, the introduction of rare-earth elements can regulate the electronic structure and local coordination environment of ruthenium, thereby optimizing the adsorption behavior of reaction intermediates and inhibiting excessive oxidation and dissolution of ruthenium species under high-potential conditions. Consequently, the prepared catalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance in acidic electrolyte systems and shows potential application value in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis systems.

[0084] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalyst, characterized in that, The catalyst is rare earth-doped Ru / RuO2 nanoparticles; the Ru / RuO2 nanoparticles are composed of rutile RuO2 phase and metallic Ru phase; the molar ratio of rare earth elements to ruthenium is 0.01 to 0.

20.

2. The rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rare earth element is selected from at least one of yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), and holmium (Ho).

3. The rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The average particle size of the rare earth-doped Ru / RuO2 nanoparticles is less than 50 nm.

4. A method for preparing the rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Disperse ruthenium metal salt, rare earth metal salt and complexing agent uniformly in solvent, so that metal ions and complexing agent can coordinate to form a precursor system; S2. The precursor system obtained in step S1 is subjected to microwave treatment under stirring to obtain a suspension; S3. After centrifugation, the suspension obtained in step S2 is freeze-dried to obtain a solid precursor; S4. The solid precursor obtained in step S3 is heat-treated in an air atmosphere to obtain rare earth-doped Ru / RuO2 nanoparticles.

5. The method for preparing rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalysts according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S1, the ruthenium metal salt is any one of ruthenium chloride and ruthenium acetylacetonate; the rare earth metal salt is at least one of yttrium nitrate, lanthanum nitrate, cerium nitrate, neodymium nitrate, samarium nitrate, and holmium nitrate; the complexing agent is at least one of citric acid, tartaric acid, and catechol; and the solvent is at least one of water and ethylene glycol.

6. The method for preparing rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalysts according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S1, the molar ratio of the metal ion to the complexing agent is 0.2 to 1.0; the molar ratio of the rare earth salt to the ruthenium salt is 0.01 to 0.

20.

7. The method for preparing rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalysts according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, the microwave treatment power is 200-600W, the time is 2-15min, and the stirring speed is 300-600rpm.

8. The method for preparing rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalysts according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, the centrifugation process includes washing with deionized water and ethanol at least three times each; the freeze-drying treatment temperature is about -40°C, and the treatment time is 10 to 24 hours.

9. The method for preparing rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalysts according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S4, the heat treatment is carried out in an air atmosphere at a temperature of 300–600°C and a heating rate of 1–5°C / min. -1 The heat preservation time is 2 to 6 hours.

10. The application of the rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in the field of water electrolysis catalysis, characterized in that, The rare-earth-regulated ruthenium-based electrocatalyst can be used as a catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction on the anodic side in acidic electrolyte systems.

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