Formwork removing device and mounting and dismounting method for pouring of steel-concrete composite beam bridge deck

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of formwork dismantling device and method for steel-concrete composite beam bridge deck pouring, bracket of full frame is provided with U-shaped steel frame, sliding guide is provided in U-shaped steel frame, first trapezoidal block and second trapezoidal block are respectively provided on sliding guide and U-shaped steel frame;Formwork group is slidably arranged on sliding guide;In the first trapezoidal block bottom surface and the second trapezoidal block top surface overlap in pouring support working condition, form face contact type rigid support, vertical bearing capacity is strong;In demolding condition, sliding guide is pulled horizontally, the guide slope of two trapezoidal blocks is relatively slid, sliding guide and the formwork group above can be driven to descend synchronously smoothly, and the whole demolding of formwork group and solidified concrete is realized.Demolding process does not need operating personnel to enter steel beam, and does not need manual pry demolding piece by piece.At the same time, quick splicing assembly between formwork group is realized by the cooperation of clamping device and connecting groove, and formwork group can be automatically separated during extraction process when formwork is dismantled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of steel-concrete composite beam construction technology, specifically relating to a formwork removal device and installation / removal method for steel-concrete composite beam bridge deck pouring. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of steel-concrete composite beam bridge decks, a full-span scaffold is typically erected inside the steel beams first. Square timber is then arranged on the scaffold as reinforcing beams, and finally, formwork is fixed to the timber. After the formwork system is complete, concrete pouring begins. The formwork is generally fixed directly to the timber with nails. Once the concrete has cured to the specified demolding strength, workers enter the confined space between the scaffold and the formwork to remove the nails piece by piece, dismantle the formwork, and manually transport it outside the steel beams. Therefore, due to the narrow working space, poor lighting conditions, and often working at height, the workers' operating space is severely limited, resulting in high labor intensity, low demolding efficiency, and significant safety risks such as falls from heights. Furthermore, the manual prying and dismantling of the formwork piece by piece easily deforms and damages the formwork, reducing its reuse rate and increasing construction material costs.

[0003] To improve the efficiency of formwork assembly and disassembly, related technologies, such as the mobile formwork and construction method for cantilevered wing slab concrete construction of steel-concrete composite beams described in patent CN110700112B, allow the entire formwork to move longitudinally, enabling it to be transferred to the next pouring section without dismantling the formwork structure, thus improving construction efficiency to some extent. However, this type of mobile formwork relies on its own structure for load-bearing and displacement, resulting in insufficient overall rigidity and stability. Its reliability in providing vertical support to the concrete panel is poor, making it difficult to guarantee structural accuracy and molding quality during concrete pouring.

[0004] In summary, existing formwork support and dismantling devices cannot simultaneously achieve ease of dismantling, operational safety, and stability of pouring support, thus failing to meet the actual needs of efficient, safe, and high-quality construction of steel-concrete composite beam bridge decks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a formwork removal device and installation / removal method for casting steel-concrete composite beam bridge decks in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions: A formwork removal device for casting steel-concrete composite beam bridge decks includes a full-span scaffold erected inside the steel beam. A U-shaped steel frame is mounted on a bracket of the scaffold. A sliding guide rail is slidably mounted inside the U-shaped steel frame. A first trapezoidal block is mounted on the lower surface of the sliding guide rail, and a second trapezoidal block is mounted on the upper surface of the U-shaped steel frame. The bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block and the top surface of the second trapezoidal block are both mating planes. The sides of the first and second trapezoidal blocks facing each other are guide slopes. The sliding guide rail slides relative to the U-shaped steel frame along its length, allowing the first trapezoidal block to slide smoothly along the U-shaped steel frame. The guide ramp of the first trapezoidal block slides upward relative to the guide ramp of the second trapezoidal block until the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block slides to the top surface of the second trapezoidal block and enters the support state; the sliding guide rail slides relative to the U-shaped steel frame so that the guide ramp of the first trapezoidal block slides downward relative to the guide ramp of the second trapezoidal block until the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block slides to the bottom of the second trapezoidal block and enters the demolding state; a template group is slidably arranged on the sliding guide rail, a snap-fit ​​device is provided on one side of the template group, and a connecting groove is provided on the other side of the template group, and adjacent template groups are connected by the snap-fit ​​device and the connecting groove.

[0007] In one embodiment, there are multiple first trapezoidal blocks, which are spaced apart along the length of the sliding guide rail. The number of second trapezoidal blocks is the same as the number of first trapezoidal blocks, and the multiple second trapezoidal blocks are spaced apart along the length of the U-shaped steel frame. The bottom surface of each first trapezoidal block can abut against the top surface of the corresponding second trapezoidal block, and the guide slope of each first trapezoidal block can slide along the guide slope of the corresponding second trapezoidal block.

[0008] In one embodiment, a crossbar is provided on one side of the sliding guide rail, and a Z-shaped groove is provided on the side wall of the U-shaped steel frame. The shape of the Z-shaped groove matches the shape formed by the top surface of the second trapezoidal block and the guide slope. The crossbar is slidably disposed in the Z-shaped groove. When the crossbar slides to the uppermost end of the Z-shaped groove, the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block and the top surface of the second trapezoidal block abut against each other to form a stable support.

[0009] In one embodiment, at least two parallel U-shaped steel frames are provided on the full-span scaffold. The template assembly includes a top plate, two symmetrically arranged sliding bars, square beams, a first matching bar, and a second matching bar. The two sliding bars are respectively slidably arranged on sliding guide rails within two adjacent U-shaped steel frames. Multiple square beams are fixedly arranged on the sliding bars at intervals along the length of the sliding guide rails. The top plate is fixedly arranged on the square beams. The first matching bar and the second matching bar are arranged at intervals on opposite sides of the top plate along the length of the sliding guide rails, and the first matching bar and the second matching bar are matched with each other. A snap-fit ​​device and a connecting groove are respectively provided on the second matching bar and the first matching bar.

[0010] In one embodiment, the snap-fit ​​device includes a sliding plate and an elastic element. The second matching strip has a groove and a clearance groove communicating with the groove. The sliding plate is slidably disposed in the groove. A column is fixedly disposed on the sliding plate. The column passes through the clearance groove and extends out of the second matching strip. The sliding plate is connected to the side wall of the groove by an elastic element so that the column can slide elastically in the clearance groove and can pass through the connection groove of the adjacent template group.

[0011] In one embodiment, the first matching strip is located above the second matching strip, and the clearance groove is formed on the upper surface of the second matching strip; the connecting groove includes a slot and a guide groove connected to the slot, the guide groove passes through the side of the first matching strip facing away from the second matching strip, and the column of a template group can slide from the guide groove toward the slot and gradually store the elastic force until it slides into the slot and releases the elastic force of the elastic element.

[0012] In one embodiment, a threaded groove is provided at one end of the sliding guide rail, and a rotating screw is rotatably provided at the other end of the sliding guide rail, the rotating screw matching the threaded groove; the template removal device also includes a pull lug, a threaded rod is provided at the end of the pull lug, the pull lug is connected to the threaded groove through the threaded rod, and a clamping nut is provided between the pull lug and the threaded rod.

[0013] In one embodiment, a top limiting frame is provided at one end of the sliding guide rail, and end blocks are fixedly provided at both ends of the top limiting frame. A first embedding block is fixedly provided on the lower surface of the end block. A positioning groove matching the first embedding block is provided on the U-shaped steel frame. A second embedding block is fixedly provided on the end block. The second embedding block is embedded in the sliding guide rail. A second through groove is provided on the end block. The pull lug passes through the second through groove and then engages with the threaded groove to fix the top limiting frame on the sliding guide rail.

[0014] In one embodiment, the template removal device further includes a tail end limiting frame. An insert is provided on the lower surface of the tail end limiting frame. The insert is embedded in the other end of the sliding guide rail. A receiving groove is provided on the tail end limiting frame. The snap-fit ​​device located on the template assembly facing the tail end limiting frame can be movably embedded in the receiving groove. A first through groove is provided on the tail end limiting frame. After the rotating screw passes through the first through groove and passes through the tail end limiting frame, the tail end limiting frame is fixed on the sliding guide rail by the adjusting nut.

[0015] A method for installing and dismantling a formwork removal device for steel-concrete composite beam bridge deck casting: After the steel beams are installed, a full-span scaffold is erected inside the steel beams; Place and fix a U-shaped steel frame on the bracket at the top of the full-span scaffold; push the sliding guide rail to slide inside the U-shaped steel frame so that the guide slope of the first trapezoidal block slides upward relative to the guide slope of the second trapezoidal block until the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block and the top surface of the second trapezoidal block are completely connected to form a stable support platform and enter the support state. Align the slider of the template group with the end of the sliding guide rail and push it in to splice adjacent template groups; after all template groups are spliced, install the top limit frame to complete the overall formwork operation; After the concrete is poured and cured to the design strength, the sliding guide rail is pulled by a manual hoist to move horizontally within the U-shaped steel frame. Then, the guide slope of the first trapezoidal block slides downward along the guide slope of the second trapezoidal block, causing the sliding guide rail and all the templates above to move downward synchronously until the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block slides to the bottom of the second trapezoidal block, so that the top plate of the template group is completely separated from the solidified concrete and enters the demolding state. Pull the assembled template group horizontally out along the sliding guide rail towards the end; when the first template group is completely separated from the end of the sliding guide rail, its locking device automatically slides down relative to the connecting groove of the adjacent template group under the action of gravity, realizing the separation between the template groups; Repeat the above extraction and separation operations until all template groups are extracted, and finally complete all demolding operations.

[0016] The present invention has at least the following advantages over the prior art: This solution utilizes the cooperative structure of the first and second trapezoidal blocks to achieve switching between "sliding demolding" and "cast support" modes. In the cast support mode, the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block and the top surface of the second trapezoidal block completely overlap, forming a surface-contact rigid support with strong vertical bearing capacity. This effectively resists concrete pouring loads, preventing settlement and deformation of the formwork assembly and ensuring the forming accuracy and structural quality of the bridge deck. In the demolding mode, horizontally pulling the sliding guide rail causes the guide slopes of the two trapezoidal blocks to slide relative to each other, which in turn drives the sliding guide rail and the upper formwork assembly to descend synchronously and smoothly, achieving the overall separation of the formwork assembly from the solidified concrete. The demolding process does not require workers to enter the steel beam, nor does it require manual prying of each piece, thus improving construction safety management.

[0017] The installation of the formwork units is achieved by using a snap-fit ​​device to connect and splice the connecting slots, replacing the traditional nailing method and enabling rapid splicing and assembly of the formwork units. After the formwork units are separated from the concrete, they can be moved as a whole, and they can automatically separate during the formwork removal process without the need for manual disconnection, which greatly improves the efficiency of formwork removal operations. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the present invention. Figure 1 The diagram shows the exploded structure of the template removal device. Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the U-shaped steel frame and sliding guide rail of the present invention; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of one end of the sliding guide rail of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the other end of the sliding guide rail of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the template group of the present invention; Figure 7 This is the present invention. Figure 6 The diagram shows the exploded structure of the template group. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first matching strip of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second matching strip of the present invention; Figure 10 This is an exploded structural diagram of the snap-fit ​​device of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the top limiting frame of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the tail end limiting frame of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the template assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a partial side view of the application of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Full-span scaffold; 2. U-shaped steel frame; 21. Second trapezoidal block; 22. Z-shaped groove; 3. Sliding guide rail; 31. First trapezoidal block; 32. Crossbar; 4. Template assembly; 41. Top plate; 42. Sliding bar; 43. Square beam; 44. First matching bar; 45. Second matching bar; 5. Tail end limit frame; 51. Embedded part; 52. Receiving groove; 53. First through groove; 6. Top end limit frame; 61. End block; 611. First embedded block; 62. Second embedded block; 63. Second through groove; 64. Positioning groove; 7. Pull lug; 8. Snap-fit ​​device; 81. Column; 811. Slide plate; 82. Elastic element; 83. Slide groove; 831. Clearance groove; 832. Cover plate; 9. Connecting groove; 91. Guide groove; 92. Snap-fit ​​groove; 10. Threaded groove; 101. Rotating screw; 102. Adjusting nut. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0021] like Figure 1As shown, one embodiment describes a formwork removal device for the casting of a steel-concrete composite beam bridge deck. The steel-concrete composite beam is a composite structure in which the steel beam and the upper reinforced concrete bridge deck are firmly connected and share the load through shear studs welded to the upper flange of the steel beam. The formwork removal device includes a full-span scaffold 1 and at least two parallel U-shaped steel frames 2. The full-span scaffold 1 is erected using a disc-lock scaffold and is erected inside the steel beam. The U-shaped steel frames 2 are placed with their openings facing upwards on the brackets of the full-span scaffold 1 and are fixed with U-bolts.

[0022] See Figures 1 to 3 Specifically, U-shaped steel frames 2 are installed on the brackets on both sides of the full-span frame 1. Sliding guide rails 3 are slidably installed inside the U-shaped steel frames 2. A first trapezoidal block 31 is installed on the lower surface of the sliding guide rail 3, and a second trapezoidal block 21 is installed on the upper surface of the U-shaped steel frame 2. The bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block 31 and the top surface of the second trapezoidal block 21 are both mating planes. The sides of the first trapezoidal block 31 and the second trapezoidal block 21 facing each other are guide slopes. The sliding guide rail 3 slides relative to the U-shaped steel frame 2 along its length. The guide rail 3 moves so that the guide slope of the first trapezoidal block 31 slides upward relative to the guide slope of the second trapezoidal block 21 until the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block 31 slides to the top surface of the second trapezoidal block 21 and enters the support state; the sliding guide rail 3 slides relative to the U-shaped steel frame 2 so that the guide slope of the first trapezoidal block 31 slides downward relative to the guide slope of the second trapezoidal block 21 until the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block 31 slides to the bottom of the second trapezoidal block 21 and enters the demolding state; a template group 4 is slidably arranged on the sliding guide rail 3.

[0023] This solution utilizes the cooperative structure of the first trapezoidal block 31 and the second trapezoidal block 21 to achieve switching between two working conditions: "sliding demolding" and "cast support." In the casting support condition, the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block 31 and the top surface of the second trapezoidal block 21 completely overlap, forming a surface-contact rigid support with strong vertical bearing capacity. This effectively resists the concrete pouring load, preventing settlement and deformation of the formwork assembly 4 and ensuring the forming accuracy and structural quality of the bridge deck. In the demolding condition, horizontally pulling the sliding guide rail 3 causes the guide slopes of the first trapezoidal block 31 and the second trapezoidal block 21 to slide relative to each other, which in turn drives the sliding guide rail 3 and the upper formwork assembly 4 to descend synchronously and smoothly, achieving the overall separation of the formwork assembly 4 from the solidified concrete. The demolding process does not require workers to enter the steel beam, nor does it require manual prying of each piece, thus improving the level of construction safety management.

[0024] Specifically, there are multiple first trapezoidal blocks 31, spaced apart along the length of the sliding guide rail 3. The number of second trapezoidal blocks 21 is the same as the number of first trapezoidal blocks 31, and these blocks are spaced apart along the length of the U-shaped steel frame 2. The bottom surface of each first trapezoidal block 31 can abut against the top surface of the corresponding second trapezoidal block 21, and the guide slope of each first trapezoidal block 31 can slide along the guide slope of the corresponding second trapezoidal block 21. The spaced arrangement of multiple sets of first trapezoidal blocks 31 and second trapezoidal blocks 21 distributes the total vertical load of the formwork assembly 4 and the concrete to multiple support points, thus improving the overall vertical bearing capacity. Furthermore, during sliding, multiple sets of guide slopes work synchronously to guide the movement, forming multiple sets of guide pairs that work together, reducing problems such as lateral deviation and torsion during horizontal sliding and vertical lifting.

[0025] In one embodiment, two sliding guide rails 3 are provided in each U-shaped steel frame 2, and template groups 4 are slidably arranged in the two symmetrical sliding guide rails 3, so that the horizontally adjacent template groups 4 can be spliced ​​into a seamless whole.

[0026] In one embodiment, a plurality of crossbars 32 are provided on one side of the sliding guide rail 3, spaced apart along the length of the sliding guide rail 3. A Z-shaped groove 22 is formed on the side wall of the U-shaped steel frame 2. The shape of the Z-shaped groove 22 matches the shape formed by the top surface of the second trapezoidal block 21 and the guide slope. The crossbars 32 are slidably disposed in the Z-shaped groove 22. When the crossbar 32 slides to the uppermost end of the Z-shaped groove 22, the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block 31 abuts against the top surface of the second trapezoidal block 21 to form a stable support. The cooperation between the Z-shaped groove 22 and the crossbars 32 provides guidance for the sliding of the sliding guide rail 3 relative to the U-shaped steel frame 2. In other embodiments, the Z-shaped groove 22 and the crossbars 32 may be omitted.

[0027] Specifically, each U-shaped steel frame 2 has multiple sets of Z-shaped grooves 22 symmetrically opened on opposite side flanges. Each sliding guide rail 3 has multiple crossbars 32 fixed on one side outer wall. The ends of the crossbars 32 on each sliding guide rail 3 are respectively embedded in the Z-shaped grooves 22 on one side of the U-shaped steel frame 2 and can slide along the grooves. When the crossbars 32 slide to the uppermost end of the Z-shaped grooves 22, the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block 31 and the top surface of the second trapezoidal block 21 completely abut against each other to form a stable support. Throughout the entire process of the crossbars 32 sliding along the Z-shaped grooves 22, the outer wall surfaces of the first trapezoidal block 31 and the second trapezoidal block 21 always remain partially in contact.

[0028] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, in one embodiment, a threaded groove 10 is provided at one end of the sliding guide rail 3, and a rotating screw 101 is rotatably provided at the other end of the sliding guide rail 3. The rotating screw 101 matches the threaded groove 10. The length of the rotating screw 101 matches the depth of the threaded groove 10, and adjacent sliding guide rails 3 are connected end to end by screwing the rotating screw 101 into the threaded groove 10.

[0029] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, in one embodiment, the template assembly 4 includes a top plate 41, two symmetrically arranged sliding bars 42, square beams 43, a first matching strip 44, and a second matching strip 45. The two sliding bars 42 are slidably mounted on sliding guide rails 3 within two adjacent U-shaped steel frames 2. Multiple square beams 43 are fixedly mounted on the sliding bars 42 at intervals along the length of the sliding guide rails 3, and the top plate 41 is fixedly mounted on the square beams 43. The two sliding bars 42 are fixed to the bottom ends of the square beams 43, and the size of the sliding bars 42 matches the inner cavity of the channel steel of the sliding guide rails 3, allowing them to slide along the length of the sliding guide rails 3.

[0030] In one embodiment, a snap-fit ​​device 8 is provided on one side of the template group 4, and a connecting groove 9 is provided on the other side of the template group 4. Adjacent template groups 4 are connected by the snap-fit ​​device 8 and the connecting groove 9. The installation of the template groups 4 is achieved by inserting and splicing the snap-fit ​​device 8 and the connecting groove 9, replacing the traditional nailing method, thus realizing the rapid splicing and assembly of the template groups 4. After the template group 4 is separated from the concrete, it can be moved as a whole, and the template group 4 can automatically separate during the extraction process when dismantling the formwork, without the need for manual disconnection, which greatly improves the efficiency of the dismantling operation.

[0031] Specifically, the template assembly 4 also includes a first matching strip 44 and a second matching strip 45. The first matching strip 44 and the second matching strip 45 are spaced apart on opposite sides of the top plate 41 along the length of the sliding guide rail 3, and the first matching strip 44 and the second matching strip 45 are mutually matched. A snap-fit ​​device 8 and a connecting groove 9 are respectively provided on the second matching strip 45 and the first matching strip 44. Further, a first matching strip 44 is fixed to one side of the top plate 41, and a second matching strip 45 is fixed to the other side. The cross-sections of the first matching strip 44 and the second matching strip 45 are mutually fitted stepped structures, allowing for a tight fit during splicing to prevent grout leakage. Two sets of snap-fit ​​devices 8 are symmetrically arranged on the second matching strip 45, and a corresponding connecting groove 9 is provided on the first matching strip 44.

[0032] like Figures 8 to 10As shown, in one embodiment, the snap-fit ​​device 8 includes a sliding plate 811 and an elastic element 82. A groove 83 and a clearance groove 831 communicating with the groove 83 are provided on the second matching strip 45. The sliding plate 811 is slidably disposed in the groove 83. A column 81 is fixedly disposed on the sliding plate 811. The column 81 passes through the clearance groove 831 and exits the second matching strip 45. An elastic element 82 connects the sliding plate 811 and the side wall of the groove 83, allowing the column 81 to slide elastically within the clearance groove 831 and pass through the connecting groove 9 of the adjacent template group 4. Specifically, the elastic element 82 is a spring, with one end connected to the end of the sliding plate 811 and the other end connected to the side wall of the groove 83. A cover plate 832 is fixed to the opening of the groove 83 facing away from the clearance groove 831 by screws to prevent the sliding plate 811 from falling out.

[0033] In one embodiment, the connecting groove 9 includes a slot 92 and a guide groove 91 communicating with the slot 92. The guide groove 91 passes through the side of the first matching strip 44 facing away from the second matching strip 45. The column 81 of a template group 4 can slide from the guide groove 91 toward the slot 92, and the elastic member 82 gradually accumulates force until it slides into the slot 92 and then releases the elastic force of the elastic member 82. Specifically, the opening of the guide groove 91 faces the second matching strip 45 of the adjacent template group 4, and the size of the guide groove 91 gradually increases along the direction away from the slot 92. The slot 92 is opened along the length direction of the first matching strip 44 and communicates with the narrow end of the guide groove 91. When adjacent template groups 4 are spliced, the column 81 slides along the side of the guide groove 91, causing the slide plate 811 to stretch the elastic member 82 and accumulate force in the slide groove 83. When the column 81 enters the slot 92, the elastic member 82 resets and causes the column 81 to be locked in the slot 92, realizing the automatic locking between the template groups 4.

[0034] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment, the template removal device further includes a pull lug 7, with a threaded rod at the end of the pull lug 7. The pull lug 7 is connected to the threaded groove 10 of the sliding guide rail 3 via the threaded rod, and a clamping nut is provided between the pull lug 7 and the threaded rod. The pull lug 7 facilitates the sliding of the sliding guide rail 3.

[0035] like Figure 3 and Figure 11As shown, in one embodiment, a top limiting frame 6 is provided at one end of the sliding guide rail 3. End blocks 61 are fixedly provided at both ends of the top limiting frame 6. A first embedding block 611 is fixedly provided on the lower surface of the end block 61. A positioning groove 64 matching the first embedding block 611 is provided on the U-shaped steel frame 2. A second embedding block 62 is fixedly provided on the end block 61 and embedded in the sliding guide rail 3. A second through groove 63 is provided on the end block 61. The pull lug 7 passes through the second through groove 63 and through the end block 61, then engages with the threaded groove 10 to fix the top limiting frame 6 on the sliding guide rail 3. The top limiting frame 6 is welded from angle steel. The first embedding block 611 is inserted into the positioning groove 64 to position the top limiting frame 6 and the U-shaped steel frame 2. The second embedding block 62 is embedded in the inner cavity of the sliding guide rail 3 to prevent the sliding guide rail 3 from sliding forward.

[0036] like Figure 2 and Figure 12 As shown, in one embodiment, the template removal device further includes a tail end limiting frame 5. An insert 51 is provided on the lower surface of the tail end limiting frame 5, which is embedded in the other end of the sliding guide rail 3. A receiving groove 52 is provided on the tail end limiting frame 5. A snap-fit ​​device 8 located on the template group 4 facing the tail end limiting frame 5 can be movably embedded in the receiving groove 52. A first through groove 53 is provided on the tail end limiting frame 5. A rotating screw 101 passes through the first through groove 53 and then through the tail end limiting frame 5, and an adjusting nut 102 fixes the tail end limiting frame 5 to the sliding guide rail 3. The tail end limiting frame 5 is welded from angle steel. Two inserts 51 are respectively embedded in the inner cavities of two adjacent sliding guide rails 3. After the rotating screw 101 passes through the first through groove 53, the adjusting nut 102 fixes the tail end limiting frame 5 to the end of the sliding guide rail 3. The column 81 of the snap-fit ​​device 8 of the tail end template group 4 can be embedded in the receiving groove 52 to prevent the template group 4 from sliding backward.

[0037] See also Figure 13 and Figure 14 In one embodiment, the present invention also describes a method for installing and dismantling a formwork removal device for casting steel-concrete composite beam bridge decks, applicable to the aforementioned formwork removal device. Specifically, the installation and dismantling method includes: After the steel beams are installed, a full-span scaffold is erected inside the steel beams. Place and fix the U-shaped steel frame 2 on the bracket at the top of the full-span scaffold 1; push the sliding guide rail 3 to slide inside the U-shaped steel frame 2 so that the guide slope of the first trapezoidal block 31 slides upward relative to the guide slope of the second trapezoidal block 21 until the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block 31 and the top surface of the second trapezoidal block 21 are completely connected to form a stable support platform and enter the support state. Align the slider 42 of template group 4 with the end of the sliding guide rail 3 and push it in; the adjacent template groups 4 are spliced ​​together; after all template groups 4 are spliced ​​together, install the top limit frame 6, and the overall formwork operation is completed. After the concrete is poured and cured to the design strength, the sliding guide rail 3 is pulled by a manual hoist to move horizontally within the U-shaped steel frame 2. Then, the guide slope of the first trapezoidal block 31 slides downward along the guide slope of the second trapezoidal block 21, causing the sliding guide rail 3 and all the template groups 4 above to move downward synchronously until the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block 31 slides to the bottom of the second trapezoidal block 21, so that the top plate 41 of the template group 4 is completely separated from the solidified concrete and enters the demolding state. Pull the assembled template group 4 horizontally out along the sliding guide rail 3 towards the end; when the first template group 4 is completely separated from the end of the sliding guide rail 3, its locking device 8 automatically slides down relative to the connecting groove 9 of the adjacent template group 4 under the action of gravity, realizing the separation between the template groups 4. Repeat the above extraction and separation operations until all template groups 4 are extracted, and finally complete all demolding operations.

[0038] First, the construction workers erected a full-span scaffold 1 inside the steel beam according to the design requirements. Then, they placed and fixed U-shaped steel frames 2 on the brackets at the top of the full-span scaffold 1, ensuring that all U-shaped steel frames 2 were parallel and had the same top elevation. Next, they screwed the rotating screws 101 of the adjacent sliding guide rails 3 into the threaded grooves 10 to connect the ends of the multiple sliding guide rails 3. Then, they inserted the insert 51 of the tail end limit frame 5 into the inner cavity of the tail end of the sliding guide rail 3, so that the rotating screw 101 passed through the first through groove 53, and tightened the adjusting nut 102 to fix the tail end limit frame 5. After that, they pushed the sliding guide rails 3 to move until the crossbar 32 reached the uppermost end of the Z-shaped groove 22. At this time, the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block 31 and the top surface of the second trapezoidal block 21 were completely connected to form a stable support platform.

[0039] Next, align the slide bar 42 of template group 4 with the end of the sliding guide rail 3 and push it in. When adjacent template groups 4 are spliced, the column 81 slides along the guide groove 91 and stretches the elastic element 82 to retract. After entering the slot 92, it automatically locks in place. At the same time, the first matching strip 44 of one template group 4 fits tightly with the second matching strip 45 of the adjacent template group 4. After all template groups 4 are spliced, install the top limiting frame 6. Insert the first embedding block 611 of the end block 61 into the positioning groove 64 of the U-shaped steel frame 2 and the second embedding block 62 into the inner cavity of the sliding guide rail 3. Then, screw the pull lug 7 through the second through groove 63 into the threaded groove 10 and tighten the clamping nut to fix the top limiting frame 6. This completes the overall formwork support operation.

[0040] After the concrete is poured and cured to the design strength, the construction workers first connect the hook of the manual hoist to the pull lug 7 and fix the manual hoist in a stable position on site. Then, they slowly pull the manual hoist, which moves the sliding guide rail 3 horizontally along the Z-shaped groove 22. Subsequently, the guide slope of the first trapezoidal block 31 slides along the guide slope of the second trapezoidal block 21, causing the sliding guide rail 3 and all the template groups 4 above it to move downwards synchronously, so that the top plate 41 is completely and vertically separated from the solidified concrete. Then, the clamping nut on the pull lug 7 is loosened and the top limiting frame 6 is removed. The template group 4, which is assembled as a whole, is pulled horizontally out of the end along the sliding guide rail 3. When the first template group 4 is completely separated from the end of the sliding guide rail 3, the column 81 of its locking device 8 automatically slides down from the slot 92 of the connecting groove 9 of the adjacent template group 4 under the action of gravity, realizing the automatic separation between the template groups 4. The construction workers can then remove the first template group 4. Repeat the above extraction and separation operations until all template groups 4 are extracted, and finally complete all demolding operations.

[0041] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A formwork removal device for casting steel-concrete composite beam bridge deck, comprising a full-span scaffold (1), characterized in that: A full-span scaffold (1) is erected inside a steel beam. A U-shaped steel frame (2) is installed on the bracket of the full-span scaffold (1). A sliding guide rail (3) is slidably installed inside the U-shaped steel frame (2). A first trapezoidal block (31) is installed on the lower surface of the sliding guide rail (3), and a second trapezoidal block (21) is installed on the upper surface of the U-shaped steel frame (2). The bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block (31) and the top surface of the second trapezoidal block (21) are both planes that can be matched. The sides of the first trapezoidal block (31) and the second trapezoidal block (21) facing each other are both guide slopes. The sliding guide rail (3) slides relative to the U-shaped steel frame (2) along the length of the sliding guide rail (3) so that the guide slope of the first trapezoidal block (31) is relative to the second trapezoidal block (21). 1) The guide slope of the first trapezoidal block (31) slides upward until the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block (31) slides to the top surface of the second trapezoidal block (21) and enters the support state; the sliding guide rail (3) slides relative to the U-shaped steel frame (2) so that the guide slope of the first trapezoidal block (31) slides downward relative to the guide slope of the second trapezoidal block (21) until the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block (31) slides to the bottom of the second trapezoidal block (21) and enters the demolding state; a template group (4) is slidably arranged on the sliding guide rail (3), a snap-fit ​​device (8) is provided on one side of the template group (4), and a connecting groove (9) is provided on the other side of the template group (4). Adjacent template groups (4) are connected by the snap-fit ​​device (8) and the connecting groove (9).

2. The formwork removal device for casting steel-concrete composite beam bridge decks according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple first trapezoidal blocks (31), which are spaced apart along the length of the sliding guide rail (3). The number of second trapezoidal blocks (21) is the same as the number of first trapezoidal blocks (31), and multiple second trapezoidal blocks (21) are spaced apart along the length of the U-shaped steel frame (2). The bottom surface of each first trapezoidal block (31) can abut against the top surface of the corresponding second trapezoidal block (21), and the guide slope of each first trapezoidal block (31) can slide along the guide slope of the corresponding second trapezoidal block (21).

3. The formwork removal device for casting steel-concrete composite beam bridge decks according to claim 1, characterized in that: A crossbar (32) is provided on one side of the sliding guide rail (3), and a Z-shaped groove (22) is provided on the side wall of the U-shaped steel frame (2). The shape of the Z-shaped groove (22) matches the shape formed by the top surface of the second trapezoidal block (21) and the guide slope. The crossbar (32) is slidably set in the Z-shaped groove (22). When the crossbar (32) slides to the uppermost end of the Z-shaped groove (22), the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block (31) and the top surface of the second trapezoidal block (21) abut against each other to form a stable support.

4. The formwork removal device for casting steel-concrete composite beam bridge deck according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two parallel U-shaped steel frames (2) are provided on the full-span scaffold (1). The template group (4) includes a top plate (41), two symmetrically arranged sliding bars (42), square beams (43), a first matching bar (44) and a second matching bar (45). The two sliding bars (42) are respectively slidably arranged on the sliding guide rails (3) in the two adjacent U-shaped steel frames (2). Multiple square beams (43) are fixedly arranged along the length direction of the sliding guide rails (3) on the sliding bars (42). The top plate (41) is fixedly arranged on the square beams (43). The first matching bar (44) and the second matching bar (45) are arranged along the length direction of the sliding guide rails (3) on opposite sides of the top plate (41), and the first matching bar (44) and the second matching bar (45) match each other. The snap-fit ​​device (8) and the connecting groove (9) are respectively arranged on the second matching bar (45) and the first matching bar (44).

5. A formwork removal device for casting steel-concrete composite beam bridge decks according to claim 4, characterized in that: The snap-fit ​​device (8) includes a sliding plate (811) and an elastic element (82). The second matching strip (45) is provided with a sliding groove (83) and a clearance groove (831) communicating with the sliding groove (83). The sliding plate (811) is slidably disposed in the sliding groove (83). A column (81) is fixedly disposed on the sliding plate (811). The column (81) passes through the clearance groove (831) and exits the second matching strip (45). The sliding plate (811) is connected to the side wall of the sliding groove (83) by an elastic element (82) so that the column (81) can slide elastically in the clearance groove (831) and can be inserted into the connecting groove (9) of the adjacent template group (4).

6. A formwork removal device for casting steel-concrete composite beam bridge decks according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first matching strip (44) is located above the second matching strip (45), and the clearance groove (831) is opened on the upper surface of the second matching strip (45). The connecting groove (9) includes a slot (92) and a guide groove (91) connected to the slot (92). The guide groove (91) passes through the side of the first matching strip (44) facing away from the second matching strip (45). The column (81) of the template group (4) can slide from the guide groove (91) toward the slot (92) and allow the elastic member (82) to gradually accumulate force until it slides into the slot (92) and releases the elastic force of the elastic member (82).

7. A formwork removal device for casting steel-concrete composite beam bridge decks according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that: One end of the sliding guide rail (3) is provided with a threaded groove (10), and the other end of the sliding guide rail (3) is provided with a rotating screw (101), which matches the threaded groove (10). The template removal device also includes a pull lug (7), the end of which is provided with a threaded rod. The pull lug (7) is connected to the threaded groove (10) through the threaded rod, and a clamping nut is provided between the pull lug (7) and the threaded rod.

8. A formwork removal device for casting steel-concrete composite beam bridge decks according to claim 7, characterized in that: A top limit frame (6) is provided at one end of the sliding guide rail (3). End blocks (61) are fixedly provided at both ends of the top limit frame (6). A first embedded block (611) is fixedly provided on the lower surface of the end block (61). A positioning groove (64) matching the first embedded block (611) is provided on the U-shaped steel frame (2). A second embedded block (62) is fixedly provided on the end block (61). The second embedded block (62) is embedded in the sliding guide rail (3). A second through groove (63) is provided on the end block (61). The pull ear (7) passes through the end block (61) through the second through groove (63) and then cooperates with the threaded groove (10) to fix the top limit frame (6) on the sliding guide rail (3).

9. A formwork removal device for casting steel-concrete composite beam bridge decks according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a tail end limit frame (5), with an insert (51) on the lower surface of the tail end limit frame (5). The insert (51) is embedded in the other end of the sliding guide rail (3). A receiving groove (52) is provided on the tail end limit frame (5). The snap-fit ​​device (8) located on the template group (4) facing the tail end limit frame (5) can be movably embedded in the receiving groove (52). A first through groove (53) is provided on the tail end limit frame (5). After the rotating screw (101) passes through the first through groove (53) and passes through the tail end limit frame (5), the tail end limit frame (5) is fixed on the sliding guide rail (3) by the adjusting nut (102).

10. A method for installing and dismantling a formwork removal device for casting steel-concrete composite beam bridge decks, applied to the formwork removal device as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The installation and removal methods include: After the steel beams are installed, a full-span scaffold is erected inside the steel beams (1). Place and fix the U-shaped steel frame (2) on the bracket at the top of the full-span scaffold (1); push the sliding guide rail (3) to slide inside the U-shaped steel frame (2) so that the guide slope of the first trapezoidal block (31) slides upward relative to the guide slope of the second trapezoidal block (21) until the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block (31) and the top surface of the second trapezoidal block (21) are completely connected to form a stable support platform and enter the support state; Align the slider (42) of the template group (4) with the end of the sliding guide rail (3) and push it in. The adjacent template groups (4) are spliced ​​together. After all the template groups (4) are spliced ​​together, install the top limit frame (6) to complete the overall formwork operation. After the concrete is poured and cured to the design strength, the sliding guide rail (3) is pulled by a manual hoist to move horizontally within the U-shaped steel frame (2). Then, the guide slope of the first trapezoidal block (31) slides down along the guide slope of the second trapezoidal block (21), causing the sliding guide rail (3) and all the template groups (4) above to move downwards synchronously until the bottom surface of the first trapezoidal block (31) slides to the bottom of the second trapezoidal block (21), so that the top plate (41) of the template group (4) is completely separated from the solidified concrete and enters the demolding state. Pull the assembled template group (4) horizontally out along the sliding guide rail (3) towards the end; when the first template group (4) is completely separated from the end of the sliding guide rail (3), its locking device (8) automatically slides down relative to the connecting groove (9) of the adjacent template group (4) under the action of gravity, realizing the separation between the template groups (4); Repeat the above extraction and separation operations until all template groups (4) are extracted, and finally complete all demolding operations.

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