A replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system

Abstract

This invention relates to an independently replaceable photovoltaic-insulated integrated exterior wall system, comprising an array-type mounting bracket, a photovoltaic power generation unit, an air heat exchange layer, and a vacuum insulation panel unit. The photovoltaic power generation unit, air heat exchange layer, and vacuum insulation panel unit are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside, with vacuum insulation panel units in the same row forming independent structural units with the photovoltaic power generation unit. A sliding rail structure is provided on the array-type mounting bracket, allowing the independent structural units to be slidably mounted on the bracket via the sliding rail structure. The advantages of this invention are: by using an array-type bracket, a three-layer composite structure, and sliding rail installation, it solves the pain points of traditional BIPV exterior walls, such as low integration, interlocking during disassembly and assembly, and the inability to perform partial replacement; the overall solution deeply integrates photovoltaic power generation, air heat dissipation, vacuum insulation, and modular disassembly and assembly, achieving multi-functional coupling, reducing installation difficulty, and enabling modular independent replacement, thus reducing the later maintenance costs of BIPV and improving its feasibility for widespread adoption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) technology, specifically relating to an independently replaceable integrated photovoltaic insulation exterior wall system. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of my country's "dual-carbon" strategy, building energy conservation and green low-carbon transformation have become an inevitable trend in the industry. Building energy consumption throughout its entire life cycle accounts for over 46.5% of total social energy consumption, with air conditioning and heating accounting for more than 50% of building energy consumption. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption of building envelopes and improving the utilization rate of renewable energy are key paths to achieving low-carbon buildings. Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) integrates photovoltaic modules with the building envelope, combining power generation, enclosure, energy saving, and decoration functions. It is an important technological means to achieve "self-consumption and grid connection of surplus electricity" in buildings. Existing BIPV exterior wall systems are mainly divided into two categories: one is BAPV (Balanced Photovoltaics), where photovoltaic panels are directly fixed to the building's exterior wall; the other is building material-based BIPV, which combines photovoltaic modules with curtain walls or insulation layers to form an integrated enclosure component.

[0003] Although existing BIPV technology has made some progress in power generation and energy conservation, the following systemic defects still exist in practical engineering applications and have not yet been effectively resolved:

[0004] ① Severe heat accumulation on photovoltaic backsheets leads to significant degradation in power generation efficiency: Photovoltaic modules can reach operating temperatures of 60–85°C under sunlight. The heat from the backsheet cannot be effectively dissipated, causing the module temperature to rise and the photoelectric conversion efficiency to drop significantly. Prolonged high temperatures also accelerate the aging of encapsulation materials, shortening the module's lifespan. Traditional BAPV and simple composite BIPV exterior walls lack effective heat dissipation channels, causing heat to accumulate between the photovoltaic backsheet and the wall, creating a "greenhouse effect" and further exacerbating heat degradation.

[0005] ② Heat transfer into the building during summer leads to high building air conditioning energy consumption: Existing BIPV exterior walls are mostly single-layer or double-layer composite structures. Heat from the photovoltaic backsheets is directly transferred to the wall through radiation and conduction. During the hottest periods of summer, a large amount of heat enters the room, causing indoor temperatures to rise and significantly increasing the air conditioning load, contradicting the original intention of energy conservation. Traditional insulation layers have a high thermal conductivity and cannot effectively block heat transfer, making it difficult to balance the needs of photovoltaic power generation and building insulation.

[0006] ③ Photovoltaic and solar thermal systems rely on mechanical power, resulting in high energy consumption and poor seasonal adaptability: Existing integrated photovoltaic and solar thermal solutions generally use water pumps to drive the circulation of coolant for heat dissipation, which not only increases additional power consumption but also has problems such as freezing in winter, pipe corrosion and leakage, and high maintenance costs; air-type heat collection solutions mostly use forced convection with fans, which also have defects such as increased energy consumption and noise interference, and are prone to excessive heat collection in the non-heating season, with heat flowing back into the room, affecting power generation efficiency and indoor thermal comfort, and having poor operational stability throughout the year.

[0007] ④ Low system integration, making installation, maintenance, and disassembly extremely inconvenient: Existing photovoltaic exterior wall systems generally adopt a piecemeal assembly mode of photovoltaic panels, aluminum alloy keel, sealant, and insulation layer, with extremely low modular and integrated levels, resulting in serious engineering application defects. The challenges include: a) Installation difficulties: The site involves numerous components, complex procedures, and high alignment precision requirements, relying on on-site welding and adhesive application for fixation. This results in long construction cycles, high labor costs, and low tolerance for errors. b) Inconvenient maintenance: When a single photovoltaic module or insulation layer malfunctions, it is jammed by the keel, sealant, and adjacent components, making independent local repairs impossible. Large areas of external components must be removed for repairs, posing significant risks for high-altitude operations and incurring high maintenance costs. c) Difficult disassembly and replacement: During building renovations or component replacement due to aging, the strong interrelationships between components and severe interlocking interference during disassembly and assembly prevent quick and non-destructive disassembly. This can easily damage surrounding curtain wall structures and intact components, and the poor recyclability and reusability of components contradict the principles of green construction. d) Poor structural integrity: The fragmented, assembled structure has weak wind and earthquake resistance, and long-term use can lead to safety hazards such as loosening, leakage, and detachment, resulting in insufficient reliability.

[0008] ⑤ Heat dissipation, heat preservation, and power generation functions cannot be optimized in a coordinated manner: In existing technologies, heat dissipation design, heat preservation design, and photovoltaic power generation design are independent of each other and lack a systematic integration solution: Overemphasizing heat dissipation will increase heat loss and energy consumption, while overemphasizing heat preservation will lead to severe heat accumulation in photovoltaics and reduced efficiency. It is difficult to achieve a dynamic balance between passive heat dissipation, ultra-low energy consumption heat preservation, and high-efficiency power generation, thus limiting the overall performance.

[0009] Patent publication number CN115749040A discloses a solar-driven ventilation and cooling phase change insulation wall and its control method. This invention achieves coordinated operation of daytime heat storage and insulation, and nighttime active ventilation and heat dissipation by setting an air gap between the insulation layer and the PCM (Phase Change Material Layer), and by linking photovoltaic energy storage panels with a fan. While it solves the problems of insufficient nighttime heat dissipation and heat accumulation affecting daytime insulation performance in traditional phase change walls, this invention mainly focuses on solar-driven active ventilation and phase change heat storage. It still suffers from technical problems such as reliance on active ventilation by a fan, the need for additional electrical control energy consumption, low structural integration, and the inability to achieve rapid disassembly and independent replacement of single modules.

[0010] Patent publication number CN108086551A discloses an active ventilation photovoltaic wall structure. This invention involves sequentially arranging a concrete wall, an insulation layer, an air gap, and photovoltaic modules from the inside out. Exhaust fans and air inlets are located at the top and bottom of the air gap, enabling switching between summer exhaust and heat insulation, and winter sealing and heat insulation. While it solves the problems of traditional photovoltaic walls where heat easily enters the room in summer and power generation efficiency is affected by high temperatures, this invention primarily focuses on active ventilation driven by a fan combined with ordinary insulation. Therefore, it still suffers from technical problems such as reliance on active ventilation via exhaust fans, additional energy consumption, and limited insulation performance of the insulation layer.

[0011] Patent publication number CN207878771U discloses a BIPV photovoltaic wall tile. This invention forms an integrated wall tile structure by sequentially arranging a photovoltaic module layer, an air layer, a building black film layer, and a thermal insulation layer from the outside to the inside, utilizing the air layer to dissipate photovoltaic heat. Although it solves the problems of slow heat dissipation and easy heat transfer into the room in traditional BIPV photovoltaic modules through passive heat dissipation, this invention does not consider the needs of modular integration with array-type sliding rails and independent disassembly and replacement of individual modules. It still has technical problems such as low integration of component bolts and adhesive fixing, serious interference of disassembly and assembly interlocks, and inability to achieve local independent inspection and quick replacement.

[0012] In summary, no existing technology has yet emerged that deeply integrates photovoltaic power generation, natural convection air cooling, vacuum insulation, and modular sliding rail assembly and disassembly structure. The aforementioned shortcomings have not been effectively resolved, hindering the large-scale promotion and application of BIPV exterior wall technology. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The present invention aims to address the problem that existing technologies lack an independently replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system.

[0014] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means: An independently replaceable photovoltaic-insulated integrated exterior wall system includes an array-type mounting bracket, a photovoltaic power generation unit, an air heat exchange layer, and a vacuum insulation panel unit. The photovoltaic power generation unit, the air heat exchange layer, and the vacuum insulation panel unit are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside, and the vacuum insulation panel unit in the same row forms an independent structural unit with the photovoltaic power generation unit. The array-type mounting bracket is provided with a sliding rail structure, and the independent structural unit is slidably mounted on the array-type mounting bracket through the sliding rail structure.

[0015] By using array-type brackets, a three-layer composite structure, and sliding rail installation, the pain points of traditional BIPV exterior walls, such as low integration, interlocking during disassembly and assembly, and inability to replace parts, are fundamentally solved. The overall solution deeply integrates photovoltaic power generation, air cooling, vacuum insulation, and modular disassembly and assembly, which not only achieves multi-functional coupling and reduces installation difficulty, but also enables modular independent replacement, further reducing the later maintenance cost of BIPV and improving the feasibility of promotion.

[0016] Preferably, the array-type mounting bracket has a limiting member on one side and a movable fixing member on the other side.

[0017] The locking and unlocking mechanism of the independent structural units is clearly defined, which ensures the convenience of disassembly and assembly and the stability after installation, avoids slippage and loosening, improves system reliability, and provides key structural support for "independent replacement".

[0018] Preferably, the adjacent independent structural units are horizontally separated but vertically connected to form independent airflow chambers.

[0019] The horizontal partitions and vertical connections form independent airflow chambers, avoiding lateral airflow interference, ensuring the stability of the longitudinal natural convection of the air layer, enhancing passive heat dissipation, and improving power generation efficiency; at the same time, it ensures the overall airtightness after modular splicing, reduces thermal bridges, and takes into account both heat dissipation and heat insulation performance.

[0020] Preferably, a metal plate is also provided on the back of the photovoltaic power generation unit, which is fully covered and attached to the back of the photovoltaic power generation unit.

[0021] The photovoltaic power generation unit is fully covered by a metal backplate, which greatly improves the heat conduction efficiency on the back, quickly dissipates the heat from the photovoltaic operation, reduces the module temperature, reduces thermal decay, and extends the service life. The metal backplate serves as a heat-conducting substrate, providing a basis for the subsequent integration of heat dissipation fins and enhancing the overall integrity of the heat dissipation system.

[0022] Preferably, the air heat exchange layer is formed between the photovoltaic power generation unit and the vacuum insulation panel unit, and has a thickness of 5-8 cm.

[0023] The optimal thickness of the air heat exchange layer is limited to 5-8 cm. This size minimizes airflow resistance and maximizes convective heat transfer efficiency, balancing heat dissipation efficiency with structural thickness. This avoids insufficient heat transfer due to excessive thinness and space occupation due to excessive thickness, achieving the optimal match between heat dissipation performance and engineering practicality.

[0024] Preferably, heat dissipation fins are arranged in the air heat exchange layer along the airflow direction, and the heat dissipation fins are integrally connected to the metal backplate on the back of the photovoltaic power generation unit. The metal backplate, the heat dissipation fins, and the array mounting bracket form an integral heat-conducting structure.

[0025] The heat dissipation fins are integrated with the metal backplate and bracket to form an integrated heat-conducting structure, which increases the heat exchange area, strengthens the heat conduction path, significantly improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the air layer, reduces the photovoltaic temperature, and increases power generation; the integrated structure reduces thermal resistance and improves the overall heat dissipation reliability of the system.

[0026] Preferably, the vacuum insulation panel unit uses nanoparticles or fumed silica core material and has a built-in getter.

[0027] Using this material structure for the vacuum insulation panel unit ensures both extremely low thermal conductivity and long-term vacuum stability, achieving ultra-thin and ultimate heat insulation, blocking heat transfer to the room, and reducing air conditioning energy consumption; it is suitable for the long-term use needs of buildings, extends the service life of the system, and balances energy saving and durability.

[0028] Preferably, the top and bottom of the array mounting bracket are integrally molded slide rails, and the width of the slide rails matches the size of the vacuum insulation panel unit.

[0029] Preferably, the photovoltaic power generation unit uses monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or silicon heterojunction solar cells arranged in a matrix.

[0030] Preferably, the movable fixing member is a hinge structure, including a limit lock and a handle.

[0031] The movable fasteners include limit locks and handles, which meet the needs of quick disassembly and assembly, reduce the risks of working at heights, and improve maintenance efficiency; the structure is simple and reliable, and the operation is convenient, further enhancing the technical effect of "independent replacement" and improving the value of engineering applications.

[0032] The advantages of this invention are: (1) Independent Replacement: This application adopts an array-type mounting bracket with an integrated sliding rail structure to combine the photovoltaic unit and the vacuum insulation panel unit into an independent structural unit. The sliding rail enables independent sliding installation and non-destructive disassembly and replacement of a single module. Unlike the traditional BIPV exterior wall keel fixing, glue sealing, and component interlocking structure, this application does not require the removal of a large area of ​​curtain wall to perform local inspection and replacement of faulty modules, which greatly reduces the risk of high-altitude operations, shortens maintenance time, and reduces operation and maintenance costs. At the same time, the modules are highly standardized and prefabricated, easy to assemble on site, have a short construction cycle, and a high fault tolerance rate. This effectively solves the industry pain points of low integration, difficult disassembly and assembly, and inconvenient maintenance of traditional photovoltaic exterior walls, and significantly improves the practicality and maintainability of the project. (2) High heat dissipation and energy saving efficiency: This application creatively combines the photovoltaic power generation unit, air heat exchange layer and vacuum insulation panel unit from the outside to the inside to form a three-layer integrated composite structure, forming a synergistic system of power generation, heat dissipation and heat insulation. The middle air heat exchange layer relies on the inter-floor pressure difference of the building to form natural convection, without the need for mechanical parts such as fans and water pumps, with zero additional energy consumption, no seasonal restrictions, and stable heat dissipation throughout the year, effectively removing heat from the photovoltaic back panel and alleviating the power generation efficiency decay caused by high temperature; the inner vacuum insulation panel uses ultra-low thermal conductivity core material with low thermal conductivity, which blocks heat transfer to the room, greatly reduces the air conditioning load in summer, and takes into account the dual needs of high-efficiency power generation and building energy conservation, breaking through the technical bottleneck of traditional BIPV that is difficult to balance heat dissipation and heat insulation; (3) Long lifespan: This application sets a fully covered metal backplate on the back of the photovoltaic unit, which, together with the heat dissipation fins in the air layer and the array-type support, forms an integrated heat conduction and heat dissipation structure, which greatly reduces thermal resistance, expands the heat exchange area, and quickly conducts the working heat of the photovoltaic to the air heat exchange layer and is discharged with the convective airflow. This design effectively suppresses the high-temperature thermal decay of the photovoltaic module, significantly improves the power generation efficiency and output stability, and avoids long-term high-temperature aging, thus extending the service life of the module; the passive heat dissipation structure is simple and reliable, has no risk of mechanical failure, low operation and maintenance costs, is suitable for various climatic environments, and ensures the long-term efficient and stable operation of the system; (4) Convenient construction and easy to promote: The overall structure of this application is modular and lightweight. The system has a high degree of standardization, and the independent structural units can be flexibly spliced ​​to adapt to different building facade sizes and shapes. Construction is convenient, the construction period is short, and the cost is controllable. At the same time, the sealing and heat insulation design is perfect, and it has good market adaptability and large-scale promotion value. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an independently replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system according to the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural side view of a replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system according to the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the slide rail position of an independently replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system according to the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of a movable fastener in a replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a top view of an independently replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system according to the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the gas flow direction of an independently replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] In the picture: 1. Photovoltaic power generation unit; 2. Vacuum insulation panel unit; 3. Air heat exchange layer; 4. Metal back panel; 5. Heat dissipation fins; 6. Array-type mounting bracket; 7. Movable fasteners; 8. Fixing screws; 9. Limit lock; 10. Holding hands; 11. Slide rail; 12. Polyurethane foam filling layer; 13. Connecting components; 14. Exterior walls of buildings. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1: This embodiment provides an independently replaceable photovoltaic-insulated integrated exterior wall system. (See also...) Figures 1-5 The core structure consists of an array-type mounting bracket 6, vacuum insulation panel units 2, and photovoltaic power generation units 1, fixed to the building's exterior wall 14. The photovoltaic power generation units 1, air heat exchange layer 3, and vacuum insulation panel units 2 are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. Vacuum insulation panel units 2 and photovoltaic power generation units 1 in the same row form independent structural units. The array-type mounting bracket 6 is equipped with slide rails 11, allowing the independent structural units to be slidably installed. They are locked by movable fasteners 7, limit locks 9, and handles 10, enabling independent assembly, disassembly, and replacement. The array-type mounting bracket 6 is fixed to the building's exterior wall 14 via connecting components 13. The gaps between the joints are filled with polyurethane foam filling layers 12 for sealing and heat insulation. The overall structure is compact, highly modular, and easy to maintain.

[0037] For details, please refer to Figures 1-2The photovoltaic power generation unit 1 is the power generation component of this system. It has a rectangular plate structure and serves as the building's exterior cladding layer, combining power generation, enclosure, and protection functions. It is installed on the outside of the air heat exchange layer 3 and forms independent structural units corresponding to the vacuum insulation panel units 2, achieving modular integration. The main body of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 is a photovoltaic module, which uses monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or silicon heterojunction cells arranged in a matrix, suitable for long-term exposure scenarios on building exterior walls.

[0038] The back of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 is fully covered by a metal backplate 4, which is made of aluminum alloy (other materials with high thermal conductivity can also be used). The plate has a flat surface and high thermal conductivity, and is tightly attached to the back of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 without gaps, forming a complete heat conduction interface. This ensures that the heat generated by the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 during operation can be quickly and evenly conducted to the metal backplate 4, providing a basis for subsequent heat dissipation.

[0039] The dimensions of photovoltaic power generation unit 1 are precisely matched with the width of vacuum insulation panel unit 2 and slide rail 11, allowing for precise splicing with array mounting bracket 6 and adjacent independent structural units. Photovoltaic power generation unit 1 is integrally connected with metal backplate 4, heat dissipation fins 5, and array mounting bracket 6, forming the outer power generation layer of the independent structural unit. It can be slidably disassembled and replaced along with the independent structural unit via slide rail 11 without damaging surrounding components, thus meeting the needs of rapid maintenance at high altitudes.

[0040] For details, please refer to Figures 1-2 Vacuum insulation panel unit 2 is the core insulation component of this system. It is rectangular flat plate and corresponds one-to-one with the size of photovoltaic power generation unit 1. They are paired in the same row to form independent structural units. They are installed inside the air heat exchange layer 3 and close to the building's exterior wall 14. They perform the triple functions of high-efficiency heat insulation, blocking heat conduction, and structural support.

[0041] The main body of the vacuum insulation panel unit 2 is a vacuum insulation panel (VIP), which uses nano-powder or fumed silica core material (fumed silica core material is selected in this embodiment, and the specific material selected will be adjusted according to the actual situation). It is internally high-vacuum sealed and has built-in getter, which can maintain the vacuum degree inside the panel for a long time. The thermal conductivity is as low as 0.004~0.006W / (m·K). It can achieve a heat insulation effect far exceeding that of traditional insulation materials with an ultra-thin thickness, greatly reducing the transfer of heat to the room in summer and significantly reducing air conditioning energy consumption.

[0042] The outer surface of the vacuum insulation panel unit 2 is flat and directly adheres to the air heat exchange layer 3, while the inner surface is in close contact with the building exterior wall 14 or the polyurethane foam filling layer 12. It is precisely matched with the slide rail 11 of the array-type mounting bracket 6 and can slide smoothly along the slide rail 11 with the independent structural unit, adapting to the needs of modular disassembly and independent replacement.

[0043] Vacuum insulation panel unit 2 possesses strong structural strength, high aging resistance, and high dimensional stability, capable of withstanding conventional loads on building exterior walls. It is not prone to deformation or leakage failure with long-term use. The edges are sealed and reinforced to prevent moisture penetration and damage to the vacuum layer. Its service life matches the design life of the building structure, ensuring long-term stable thermal insulation performance. Vacuum insulation panel unit 2 is installed inside the array-type mounting bracket 6 via slide rail 11, forming an integrated independent structural unit with photovoltaic power generation unit 1, metal backplate 4, and heat dissipation fins 5. It can be disassembled and replaced individually without damage using movable fasteners 7, limit locks 9, and handles 10, eliminating the need for large-area disassembly, facilitating maintenance, and minimizing the risk of high-altitude operations.

[0044] For details, please refer to Figures 1-6 The air heat exchange layer 3 is a passive heat dissipation channel of this system. It is formed between the outside of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 and the inside of the vacuum insulation panel unit 2. It is a longitudinally connected sealed cavity and is a key functional layer for realizing photovoltaic cooling, improving power generation efficiency and reducing building energy consumption.

[0045] The thickness of the air heat exchange layer 3 is 5–8 cm. This dimension has been optimized through simulation to balance airflow resistance and heat exchange efficiency, ensuring sufficient airflow space while avoiding excessive cavity thickness that would lead to a bulky structure and increased thermal resistance. (See reference...) Figures 5-6 The cavity is horizontally separated by adjacent independent structural units but vertically connected throughout, forming a vertically independent airflow chamber. This avoids lateral airflow interference and ensures unidirectional, stable upward airflow. Multiple sets of heat dissipation fins 5 are evenly distributed inside the air heat exchange layer 3 along the vertical airflow direction (from bottom to top). The fins are integrally connected to the metal backplate 4 on the back of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1. The heat dissipation fins 5 are perpendicular to the metal backplate 4, increasing the heat exchange area between the air and the heat-conducting structure, enhancing heat exchange efficiency, and quickly removing the photovoltaic working heat conducted by the metal backplate 4.

[0046] The air heat exchange layer 3 relies on the inter-floor pressure difference and photovoltaic thermal pressure effect to form a natural convection circulation. Its main working principle is as follows: The photovoltaic power generation unit 1 generates heat, which is transferred to the air inside the cavity through the metal backplate 4 and heat dissipation fins 5. The hot air density decreases and it rises naturally; at the same time, the air pressure difference between the upper floors and the ground pushes the air to flow from bottom to top, forming a continuous and stable vertical airflow. The entire process requires no mechanical parts such as fans or water pumps, has zero additional energy consumption, no seasonal restrictions, and operates stably all year round.

[0047] The outer side of the air heat exchange layer 3 is sealed by the photovoltaic power generation unit 1, and the inner side is blocked by the vacuum insulation panel unit 2. The upper and lower ends are connected to the inter-floor ventilation openings of the building to form a closed and continuous heat exchange channel. It can efficiently dissipate photovoltaic heat, suppress heat decay, and increase power generation, while preventing heat from penetrating the vacuum insulation panel unit 2 and entering the room. It achieves a dual balance of heat dissipation and heat insulation, solving the pain points of traditional BIPV such as "insufficient heat dissipation and overheating in summer".

[0048] The air heat exchange layer 3 is modularly integrated with the independent structural unit. It can be disassembled and replaced independently along the slide rail 11 in sync with the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 and the vacuum insulation panel unit 2. The cavity sealing performance can be quickly restored without affecting the subsequent airflow circulation and heat exchange effect, which is suitable for high-altitude rapid maintenance needs.

[0049] For details, please refer to Figures 1-4 The metal backplate 4 and the heat dissipation fins 5 together constitute the integrated high thermal conductivity heat dissipation component of this system. It is fixed to the back of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 and embedded inside the air heat exchange layer 3, forming an efficient heat conduction-heat exchange link from the photovoltaic heating surface to the air flow channel. It is a structural component that realizes passive rapid heat dissipation and suppresses photovoltaic thermal decay.

[0050] The metal backplate 4 is a single rectangular aluminum alloy plate (or other materials with good thermal conductivity). The plate size is exactly the same as the back of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1. It is fully covered and seamlessly attached to the inner surface of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 to form a continuous heat conduction interface. Its material is high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy, which has high thermal conductivity, good strength, light weight, and corrosion resistance. It can quickly and evenly dissipate the heat generated by the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 during operation, avoiding local overheating and hot spot effects. At the same time, it plays an auxiliary role in structural support, strengthening rigidity, and protection against moisture for the photovoltaic power generation unit 1.

[0051] The heat dissipation fins 5 are uniformly and vertically arranged on the inner surface of the metal backplate 4 along the airflow direction (from bottom to top) of the air heat exchange layer 3. They are integrally welded or extruded with the metal backplate 4, eliminating contact thermal resistance and ensuring efficient heat transfer. The fin spacing and height are optimized through simulation to maximize the heat exchange area within the limited cavity space, enhance the convective heat transfer efficiency with the flowing air in the air heat exchange layer 3, and quickly release the heat conducted by the metal backplate 4 into the flowing airflow.

[0052] The metal backplate 4 and the heat dissipation fins 5 are an integrated heat-conducting structure, and are reliably connected to the array mounting bracket 6, forming a complete heat dissipation path of "photovoltaic power generation unit 1 → metal backplate 4 → heat dissipation fins 5 → air heat exchange layer 3". This structure has good rigidity, low thermal resistance, and high heat dissipation efficiency. It requires no mechanical power and consumes no additional energy, making it suitable for stable operation throughout the year. It effectively reduces the operating temperature of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1, improves power generation efficiency, and extends the service life of the components.

[0053] The metal backplate 4, heat dissipation fins 5, photovoltaic power generation unit 1, and vacuum insulation panel unit 2 together form an independent structural unit. It can be slidably disassembled and replaced along the slide rail 11. The disassembly and assembly process does not damage the heat conduction structure and sealing performance. It is convenient to maintain, has low risk of high-altitude operation, and is suitable for the long-term use and rapid maintenance needs of building exterior walls.

[0054] See Figures 1-4The array-type mounting bracket 6 is the core load-bearing and modular assembly base of this system. It has a longitudinally extending frame array structure and is arranged vertically along the building's exterior wall 14. It undertakes four major functions: load-bearing, positioning, guiding, and fixing. It is a key basic component for realizing the precise installation, smooth sliding, and independent replacement of independent structural units.

[0055] The array-type mounting bracket 6 is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy (or other high-strength, lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and anti-aging materials), suitable for the long-term outdoor environment of building exterior walls; the whole is a standardized profile integral molding, with a regular structure and high dimensional accuracy, which facilitates mass prefabrication and rapid on-site assembly, effectively controlling construction errors. The main body of the bracket consists of an array frame composed of vertical main keel and horizontal connecting ribs, with the top and bottom integrally molded slide rails 11; the slide rails 11 are groove-shaped, with the width precisely matching the side dimensions of the vacuum insulation panel unit 2, and the depth is 3-6cm (the mainstream size of the vacuum insulation panel unit 2 in the market is 300×300~600×600, so the depth is set to 3-6cm, and the specific depth value depends on the size of the vacuum insulation panel unit 2 being installed), ensuring accurate sliding guidance and smooth movement of the independent structural units, while providing sufficient support strength to prevent the modules from shaking or falling off.

[0056] The array-type mounting bracket 6 has a limiting component on one side and a movable fixing component 7 on the other side. Together with the limiting lock 9 and handle 10, it allows for quick locking and unlocking of independent structural units that slide into the slide rail 11. The limiting component prevents lateral movement of the modules, while the movable fixing component 7 allows for independent assembly and disassembly of individual modules without disassembling surrounding brackets or modules, truly achieving the design goal of independent replacement. The entire bracket is fixed to the building's exterior wall 14 via connecting components 13. The gaps between adjacent brackets are filled with a polyurethane foam filling layer 12, which seals and insulates, blocks thermal bridges, and improves the overall thermal insulation and waterproofing performance of the system.

[0057] The array-type mounting brackets are modularly arranged according to the dimensions of the building facade, with continuous longitudinal direction and equidistant lateral direction, forming a regular installation grid. Each bracket unit corresponds to a set of independent structural units, achieving standardized and large-scale assembly. On-site installation only requires hanging, alignment, and locking, making construction convenient, shortening the construction period, and reducing labor costs. This bracket structure has a high degree of integration, precise guidance, and convenient assembly and disassembly. It not only ensures the stable load-bearing and smooth sliding of independent structural units, but also enables rapid high-altitude maintenance and independent replacement. It fundamentally solves the pain points of traditional BIPV exterior wall keel being scattered, interlocking in assembly and disassembly, and difficult to maintain. It is suitable for various building exterior walls and has excellent engineering practicality and large-scale promotion value.

[0058] For details, please refer to Figures 1-4The movable fixing part 7, fixing screw 8, limit lock 9 and handle 10 together form a quick locking and unlocking mechanism of independent structural unit. Together with the slide rail 11, it realizes the non-destructive disassembly and independent replacement of single module. It is a key linkage component to ensure the maintainability and safety of the system. It has a simple structure, convenient operation and high reliability.

[0059] The movable fixing component 7 is a hinged rotating component made of high-strength aluminum alloy or stainless steel. One end is hinged to the side of the array-type mounting bracket 6, and the other end is a free end that can be flipped outward around the hinge axis to open and close. Its whole body is in the shape of a bent plate, which has the functions of support, limit and linkage. When closed, it can lock the side of the independent structural unit to prevent the module from slipping off the slide rail 11. When opened, it releases the constraint and allows the module to slide out, realizing independent assembly and disassembly.

[0060] The limit lock 9 is an elastic snap-fit ​​component, integrated into the free end of the movable fixing part 7, or correspondingly set on the array-type mounting bracket 6; when the lock is closed, it can lock the movable fixing part 7 to prevent it from accidentally loosening or flipping, ensuring that the module is installed stably; when unlocking, it can be released by simply pressing or flicking, which is easy to operate and responds quickly, and is suitable for high-altitude one-handed operation.

[0061] The fixing screw 8 is a high-strength fastening bolt used for fixing the hinge end and reinforcing the latch. It reliably fixes the hinge end of the movable fixing part 7 to the array-type mounting bracket 6, ensuring that the hinge rotates flexibly and without loosening. At the same time, it can be used with the limit latch 9 to further reinforce the locking state when needed, enhance the vibration and wind resistance of the mechanism, prevent loosening during long-term outdoor use, and improve the stability of system operation.

[0062] Handle 10 is an exposed operating handle, installed on the outside of movable fixing part 7 or the side of independent structural unit. It has a simple appearance and comfortable grip, allowing manual force to be applied. After unlocking, pulling handle 10 will flip the movable fixing part 7 outward and drive the unit to slide smoothly out along slide rail 11. No tools are required and the action is smooth, greatly reducing the difficulty and safety risks of disassembly and assembly at height.

[0063] The collaborative workflow of the four components is as follows: During installation, push the independent structural unit into place along the slide rail 11, flip the movable fixing part 7 to close, and automatically engage and lock the limit lock 9 to complete the module fixation; during maintenance and replacement, move the unlocking limit lock 9, pull the handle 10 to flip the movable fixing part 7 outward to release the constraint, and the faulty module can be slid out along the slide rail 11. After replacing the new module, reverse the operation to reset and fix it. The overall mechanism is compact, reliable in linkage, and extremely simple to operate. No special tools are required, the risk of high-altitude operations is low, and the maintenance efficiency is high; it is suitable for frequent disassembly and assembly scenarios, with no component damage or seal damage, truly realizing non-destructive disassembly and assembly and rapid replacement of independent structural units, solving the pain points of traditional BIPV exterior wall disassembly and assembly interlocking and difficult maintenance from a structural level.

[0064] For details, please refer to Figures 1-5 The polyurethane foam filling layer 12 works in conjunction with the connecting component 13 to jointly undertake the functions of structural fixation, sealing and heat insulation, blocking thermal bridges, and waterproofing and seepage prevention. It is an important auxiliary component to ensure the overall stability, thermal insulation performance and sealing reliability of the system, and is suitable for long-term outdoor use scenarios of building exterior walls.

[0065] The connecting component 13 is a high-strength fixed connector with excellent anti-corrosion, anti-aging, wind and earthquake resistance. One end is firmly anchored to the base wall of the building exterior wall 14 with expansion bolts, and the other end is precisely connected to the reserved fastening holes of the array-type mounting bracket 6. The bolts are used to reliably lock the array-type mounting bracket 6 to the surface of the building exterior wall 14, ensuring that the bracket is firmly installed, accurately positioned, and evenly stressed, providing a stable bearing foundation for the independent structural unit.

[0066] The polyurethane foam filling layer 12 is composed of rigid polyurethane foam that is foamed on-site and fills the splicing gaps of adjacent array-type mounting brackets 6, the contact gaps between the brackets and the building's exterior wall 14, and the gaps around independent structural units. This material has the characteristics of low density, high strength, high closed-cell rate, and low thermal conductivity. After curing, it forms a continuous and sealed filling body, which on the one hand achieves complete sealing and waterproofing of gaps, preventing rainwater and moisture from seeping into the system and avoiding component corrosion and sealing failure; on the other hand, it effectively blocks thermal bridge conduction, fills the weak insulation areas formed by structural gaps, prevents the penetration of hot and cold air, significantly improves the overall thermal insulation performance of the system, and reduces building energy consumption.

[0067] The connecting component 13 ensures the structural stability between the bracket and the wall, and between the brackets. The polyurethane foam filling layer 12 eliminates the sealing and insulation defects caused by installation gaps, and together they build a structurally stable, tightly sealed, and excellently insulated integrated exterior wall system, effectively avoiding problems such as water leakage, thermal bridging, and loosening, and improving the system's durability and engineering reliability.

[0068] This application discloses an independently replaceable photovoltaic-insulated integrated exterior wall system. Its usage includes three core stages: installation, daily operation, and maintenance / replacement. The entire process is simple, safe, and efficient, requiring no specialized large equipment, and is suitable for both on-site construction and long-term operation and maintenance needs of building exterior walls. Details are as follows: 1. System Installation Method a. Base treatment and pre-embedding of connectors: Clean the surface of the base layer of the building exterior wall 14 to ensure it is flat, clean and firm; drill holes at the corresponding positions on the wall according to the arrangement spacing of the array-type mounting brackets 6, and insert the expansion bolts of the connecting components 13 to complete the pre-embedding and fixing.

[0069] b. Fixing the array-type mounting bracket: Align the array-type mounting bracket 6 vertically, connect it to the connecting component 13 through the reserved fastening holes, and lock it with bolts; After the adjacent brackets are spliced, fill the gaps with polyurethane foam filling layer 12 to seal and insulate heat and block thermal bridges.

[0070] c. Assembly of independent structural units: The back of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 is fully covered by the metal back plate 4, and the heat dissipation fins 5 are fixed to the inside of the metal back plate 4 to form a heat dissipation component; the vacuum insulation board unit 2 is matched one by one with the heat dissipation component to form an independent structural unit.

[0071] d. Independent structural unit sliding fixation: Align the independent structural unit with the slide rail 11 of the array mounting bracket 6 and push it horizontally into place; flip the movable fixing part 7 inward so that the limit lock 9 automatically engages and locks, completing the installation of a single module; repeat the operation to complete the assembly of all independent structural units in sequence to form a complete exterior wall system.

[0072] 2. System daily operation methods After system installation, no additional operation is required; it will automatically enter fully automatic passive operation mode. Photovoltaic power generation: Photovoltaic power generation unit 1 receives sunlight and converts light energy into electrical energy, realizing self-consumption of building power and grid connection of surplus power.

[0073] b. Passive heat dissipation: The heat generated by the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 is quickly conducted to the heat dissipation fins 5 through the metal backplate 4; under the action of inter-floor pressure difference and thermal pressure, the air heat exchange layer 3 forms a natural convection from bottom to top, which carries away the heat, reduces the photovoltaic temperature, and improves the power generation efficiency.

[0074] c. Vacuum insulation: The vacuum insulation panel unit 2 blocks the transfer of residual heat from the air heat exchange layer 3 to the room, reducing the air conditioning load and achieving building energy conservation; the system operates stably throughout the year, with no mechanical energy consumption and no seasonal restrictions.

[0075] 3. Module maintenance and independent replacement methods When photovoltaic power generation unit 1 or vacuum insulation panel unit 2 malfunctions or ages, the following independent replacement operation shall be performed: a. Unlocking and fixing mechanism: Lightly push the limit lock 9 to release the locking; pull the handle 10 to flip the movable fixing part 7 outward to release the lateral constraint on the independent structural unit.

[0076] b. Slide out the faulty unit: Pull the faulty independent structural unit out horizontally along slide rail 11 and slide it out smoothly without any component interference or disassembly of surrounding modules.

[0077] c. Install the new unit: Align the new independent structural unit with the slide rail 11 and push it horizontally into place to ensure a tight fit and accurate positioning.

[0078] d Reset and lock: Flip the movable fixing part 7 inward to make the limit lock 9 automatically engage, and complete the fixing of the new module; the replacement process does not require damage to the sealing structure, and the system will run normally after reset.

[0079] In summary, this application has the following advantages: (1) Independent Replacement: This application adopts an array-type mounting bracket 6 with an integrated sliding rail structure to combine the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 and the vacuum insulation panel unit 2 into an independent structural unit. The sliding rail 11 enables independent sliding installation and non-destructive disassembly and replacement of a single module. Unlike the traditional BIPV exterior wall keel fixing, glue sealing, and component interlocking structure, this application does not require the removal of a large area of ​​curtain wall to perform local inspection and replacement of faulty modules, which greatly reduces the risk of high-altitude operations, shortens maintenance time, and reduces operation and maintenance costs. At the same time, the modules are highly standardized and prefabricated, easy to assemble on site, have a short construction cycle, and a high fault tolerance rate. This effectively solves the industry pain points of low integration, difficult disassembly and assembly, and inconvenient maintenance of traditional photovoltaic exterior walls, and significantly improves the practicality and maintainability of the project. (2) High heat dissipation and energy saving efficiency: This application creatively combines the photovoltaic power generation unit 1, the air heat exchange layer 3, and the vacuum insulation panel unit 2 from the outside to the inside to form a three-layer integrated composite structure, forming a synergistic system of power generation, heat dissipation, and heat insulation. The middle air heat exchange layer relies on the inter-floor pressure difference of the building to form natural convection, without the need for mechanical parts such as fans and water pumps, with zero additional energy consumption, no seasonal restrictions, and stable heat dissipation throughout the year, effectively removing heat from the photovoltaic back panel and alleviating the power generation efficiency decay caused by high temperature; the inner vacuum insulation panel uses ultra-low thermal conductivity core material with low thermal conductivity, which blocks heat transfer to the room, greatly reduces the air conditioning load in summer, and takes into account the dual needs of high-efficiency power generation and building energy conservation, breaking through the technical bottleneck of traditional BIPV that is difficult to balance heat dissipation and heat insulation; (3) Long lifespan: This application sets a fully covered metal backplate 4 on the back of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1, which, together with the heat dissipation fins 5 in the air layer and the array-type mounting bracket 6, forms an integrated heat conduction and heat dissipation structure, which greatly reduces thermal resistance, expands the heat exchange area, and quickly conducts the photovoltaic working heat to the air heat exchange layer and discharges it with the convective airflow. This design effectively suppresses the high-temperature thermal decay of the photovoltaic module, significantly improves the power generation efficiency and output stability, and avoids long-term high-temperature aging, thus extending the service life of the module; the passive heat dissipation structure is simple and reliable, has no risk of mechanical failure, low operation and maintenance costs, is suitable for various climatic environments, and ensures the long-term efficient and stable operation of the system; (4) Convenient construction and easy to promote: The overall structure of this application is modular and lightweight. The system has a high degree of standardization, and the independent structural units can be flexibly spliced ​​to adapt to different building facade sizes and shapes. Construction is convenient, the construction period is short, and the cost is controllable. At the same time, the sealing and heat insulation design is perfect, and it has good market adaptability and large-scale promotion value.

[0080] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" used in the invention are merely for clarity of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0081] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A replaceable photovoltaic-insulated integrated exterior wall system, characterized in that, It includes an array-type mounting bracket, a photovoltaic power generation unit, an air heat exchange layer, and a vacuum insulation panel unit; the photovoltaic power generation unit, the air heat exchange layer, and the vacuum insulation panel unit are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside, and the vacuum insulation panel unit in the same row forms an independent structural unit with the photovoltaic power generation unit; the array-type mounting bracket is provided with a slide rail structure, and the independent structural unit is slidably mounted on the array-type mounting bracket through the slide rail structure.

2. The independently replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The array-type mounting bracket has a limiting component on one side and a movable fixing component on the other side.

3. The independently replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjacent independent structural units are horizontally separated and vertically connected to form independent airflow chambers.

4. The independently replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A metal plate is also provided on the back of the photovoltaic power generation unit, which is fully covered and attached to the back of the photovoltaic power generation unit.

5. The independently replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air heat exchange layer is formed between the photovoltaic power generation unit and the vacuum insulation panel unit, and has a thickness of 5-8 cm.

6. The independently replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Heat dissipation fins are arranged along the airflow direction in the air heat exchange layer. The heat dissipation fins are integrally connected to the metal backplate on the back of the photovoltaic power generation unit. The metal backplate, heat dissipation fins, and array mounting brackets form an integral heat-conducting structure.

7. The independently replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vacuum insulation panel unit uses nanoparticles or fumed silica core material and has a built-in getter.

8. The independently replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The array-type mounting bracket has an integrated slide rail at the top and bottom, and the width of the slide rail matches the size of the vacuum insulation panel unit.

9. The independently replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power generation unit uses monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or silicon heterojunction solar cells arranged in a matrix.

10. A replaceable photovoltaic thermal insulation integrated exterior wall system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The movable fixing component is a hinge structure, including a limit lock and a handle.

Images