Repair system, methods and embedded structures for waterproofing and insulation layers of building roofs and exterior walls

Abstract

This invention discloses a system, method, and pre-embedded structure for repairing waterproof and thermal insulation layers of building roofs and exterior walls. The system includes: a grouting pipe, a grout outlet pipe, an air injection pipe, and an air extraction pipe pre-embedded in a protective layer; a grouting repair unit detachably connected to a first joint via the grouting pipe; a dehumidification unit detachably connected to the insulation layer via the air injection pipe and the air extraction pipe; and a second waterproof layer formed on the upper surface of the protective layer. This invention also discloses a roof repair method, a wall dehumidification method, and a pre-embedded structure system for new buildings. This invention achieves forced convection dehumidification of the insulation layer through simultaneous positive pressure air injection and negative pressure air extraction, grouting repairs the first waterproof layer and forms a sandwich composite structure, allows for long-term online monitoring of the insulation layer's condition and repeated repairs, eliminates the need to remove the insulation layer, and features a short construction cycle, low cost, and convenient maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building maintenance and repair technology, and more specifically, to a system and method for repairing the waterproof and thermal insulation layers of existing building roofs and exterior walls, as well as a pre-embedded structural system for new buildings. Background Technology

[0002] During use, the roof and exterior wall insulation layers of existing buildings often experience leakage problems due to factors such as aging of the waterproofing layer, construction defects, or insufficient material durability. Once moisture seeps into the insulation layer, it significantly reduces the insulation performance of the insulation material.

[0003] According to actual engineering tests, when the insulation layer is severely damp, its thermal conductivity can increase from 0.040-0.055 W / (m·K) in the dry state to 0.18-0.32 W / (m·K), resulting in a 2 to 6-fold decrease in insulation performance. This not only leads to a significant increase in building energy consumption but may also cause a series of problems such as condensation, mold, and structural corrosion.

[0004] Traditional repair methods typically employ a "removal and replacement" approach, which involves scraping off the surface layer of the roof or walls, removing the damp insulation layer, and then re-laying new insulation and waterproofing materials. This approach has the following drawbacks:

[0005] (1) Highly destructive: It requires the demolition of the original structure over a large area, and generates a large amount of construction waste during the construction process, causing secondary damage to the building itself.

[0006] (2) Long cycle and high cost: The construction cycle usually takes several weeks or even months, and requires production to be stopped or relocated, resulting in huge direct and indirect economic losses.

[0007] (3) Waste of resources: The damp insulation layer itself is not damaged, but loses its insulation function simply because of its high moisture content. Direct replacement results in waste of resources.

[0008] (4) Cannot be maintained for a long time: After traditional repairs are completed, there is a lack of means to continuously monitor the condition of the insulation layer. Once leakage occurs again, destructive repairs are required again.

[0009] Therefore, developing a roof and exterior wall waterproofing and insulation layer repair technology that requires no demolition, involves minimal construction, and can be maintained for a long time has significant engineering value and market prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in view of the defects of the existing technology that the insulation layer of existing buildings needs to be removed and replaced after it gets damp, which is highly destructive to construction, has a long cycle, high cost, and cannot be maintained for a long time, the present invention provides a roof and exterior wall waterproof insulation layer repair system and method that does not require the removal of the insulation layer, adopts an in-situ repair method, and can be monitored and repaired repeatedly for a long time, as well as a structural system that can be pre-embedded in new buildings.

[0011] The inventors have recognized that the core cause of insulation layer failure in existing buildings is not damage to the insulation material itself, but rather the infiltration of moisture into the insulation layer due to the failure of the waterproofing layer, leading to increased moisture content and decreased insulation performance. The insulation layer is typically located inside the structure, and its material integrity is not compromised; its insulation function can be restored through dehumidification. Based on this understanding, this invention proposes a technical approach for in-situ functional restoration of the insulation layer, with "dehumidification" as its core.

[0012] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0013] A repair system for the waterproofing and insulation layer of an existing building roof, the roof comprising a leveling layer, a first waterproofing layer, an insulation layer, and a protective layer, the system comprising:

[0014] Grouting pipes and several grout outlet pipes are installed in the protective layer. The inner ends of the grouting pipes and grout outlet pipes extend through the protective layer to the first joint between the first waterproof layer and the leveling layer.

[0015] An air injection pipe and several air extraction pipes are installed in the protective layer. The inner end of the air injection pipe extends through the protective layer to the second joint between the first waterproof layer and the insulation layer. The inner end of the air extraction pipe extends through the protective layer to the third joint between the insulation layer and the protective layer.

[0016] The grouting repair unit is detachably connected to the first joint through the grouting pipe. It is used to inject waterproof sealing material into the first joint and to judge the degree of grouting fullness by the grout overflowing from the grout outlet pipe.

[0017] The dehumidification unit is detachably connected to the insulation layer through the air injection pipe and the air extraction pipe, and is used to inject dry gas into the insulation layer and extract humid gas from the insulation layer.

[0018] The second waterproof layer is formed on the upper surface of the protective layer, and together with the repaired first waterproof layer and the dehumidified insulation layer, it forms a sandwich composite structure of "first waterproof layer - insulation layer - second waterproof layer".

[0019] Furthermore, the system also includes a pipe end sealing assembly and a temperature and humidity sensor; the pipe end sealing assembly is detachably installed at the pipe end of each conduit; the temperature and humidity sensor is associated with the insulation layer and is used to monitor the temperature and humidity of the insulation layer.

[0020] Furthermore, the temperature and humidity sensor is disposed within the pipe sealing assembly.

[0021] A method for repairing the waterproofing and insulation layer of an existing building roof, using the above-mentioned system, includes the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Zoned Piping: Divide the roof into several zones, and pre-embed grouting pipes, grout outlet pipes, air injection pipes, and air extraction pipes in each zone;

[0023] Step 2, Waterproof layer grouting repair: Inject waterproof sealant into the first joint through the grouting pipe. When grout overflows from the outlet pipe, close the outlet pipe. Continue grouting until the set pressure is reached, then maintain the pressure for a set time, and then close the grouting pipe.

[0024] Step 3, Construction of the second waterproof layer: Apply a waterproof coating to the upper surface of the protective layer to form the second waterproof layer, and cure it until a continuous and complete sealing layer is formed;

[0025] Step 4: Air tightness test: Seal the air injection pipe and connect the negative pressure equipment through the air extraction pipe to perform an air extraction test on the space where the insulation layer is located to determine whether the air tightness of the insulation layer meets the dehumidification requirements; if it does not meet the requirements, continue to repair the first waterproof layer and / or the second waterproof layer until the air tightness meets the standard.

[0026] Step 5, Dehumidification of the insulation layer: Dry gas is injected into the insulation layer through the air injection pipe, while humid gas is extracted from the insulation layer through the air extraction pipe, forming an airflow that penetrates the insulation layer; Temperature and humidity data during the dehumidification process are monitored in real time by a temperature and humidity sensor that is set or integrated into an external negative pressure device, which is used to determine the dehumidification progress and / or the dehumidification endpoint.

[0027] Step Six: Sealing and Restoration: Remove external equipment, seal all conduit openings using the pipe sealing component, and restore the building surface.

[0028] Furthermore, in step two, the grouting pressure is 0.1-0.8 MPa, and the pressure holding time is 3-5 minutes.

[0029] Furthermore, in step three, the waterproof coating is a polymer-penetrating sealing coating, applied using a multi-layer brushing process, with a total application rate of 1.5-3.0 kg / m³. 2 Maintenance time ≥ 24 hours.

[0030] A method for dehumidifying the thermal insulation layer of an existing building exterior wall, wherein the exterior wall includes an adhesive layer and an insulation layer, comprising the following steps:

[0031] Step 1: Repair of permeable areas: Locate the permeable areas on the exterior wall and repair them;

[0032] Step 2, Zone Sealing: Divide the exterior wall into several zones and seal the boundaries of the zones to restrict the airflow range and make the insulation layer within the zone form a sealed cavity.

[0033] Step 3, Zoned Piping: In each zone, make an opening from the outdoor side, vertically pass through the insulation layer, and pre-embed an air injection pipe and an air extraction pipe; multiple air injection pipes are set below the zone and evenly distributed in the horizontal direction; multiple air extraction pipes are set above the zone and evenly distributed in the horizontal direction; the ends of each air injection pipe and each air extraction pipe extend to the joint between the adhesive layer and the insulation layer.

[0034] Step 4: Air tightness test: Seal the air injection pipe and connect the negative pressure equipment through the air extraction pipe to perform an air extraction test on the space where the insulation layer is located to determine whether the air tightness of the insulation layer meets the dehumidification requirements; if it does not meet the requirements, continue to repair the water-permeable parts until the air tightness meets the standards.

[0035] Step 5: Dehumidification of the insulation layer: Dry gas is injected into the insulation layer through the air injection pipe, while humid gas is extracted from the insulation layer through the air extraction pipe, forming an airflow that penetrates the insulation layer.

[0036] Step Six: Sealing and Restoration: Remove external equipment, seal all conduit openings using the pipe sealing component, and restore the decorative surface layer.

[0037] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned roof repair method and wall dehumidification method, the dehumidification step of the insulation layer adopts a mode of simultaneous positive pressure air injection and negative pressure air extraction, and the moisture is removed by the flow of dry and hot air; the drying gas is dry and purified air, the injection temperature is controlled within the range of 40-90℃, a gradient heating method is adopted, and the heating rate is ≤10℃ / h; the dehumidification time is 24-72 hours, which is dynamically adjusted according to the degree of moisture in the insulation layer; the vacuum degree of the negative pressure air extraction is controlled between -0.07MPa and -0.095MPa, and the exhaust air volume is ≥80%-100% of the supply air volume; the dehumidification endpoint is determined by the relative humidity inside the insulation layer being ≤28% for 2 consecutive hours and without condensation.

[0038] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned roof repair method and wall dehumidification method, after the insulation layer is dehumidified, heating is stopped, and air supply and exhaust are maintained to slowly cool down at a rate not exceeding 10℃ / h to prevent external moisture from flowing back in.

[0039] Furthermore, the above-mentioned roof repair method and wall dehumidification method also include: using built-in sensors to conduct long-term online monitoring of the roof or wall insulation layer; when an abnormality is detected, waterproofing testing is performed, and the corresponding repair steps are repeated based on the test results.

[0040] A pre-embedded structural system for a building roof waterproofing and insulation layer, wherein the roof includes a leveling layer, a first waterproofing layer, an insulation layer, and a protective layer, characterized in that, within each section, it includes:

[0041] Grouting pipes and several grout outlet pipes are pre-embedded in the protective layer. The inner ends of the grouting pipes and grout outlet pipes extend through the protective layer to the first joint between the first waterproof layer and the leveling layer.

[0042] An air injection pipe and several air extraction pipes are embedded in the protective layer. The inner end of the air injection pipe extends through the protective layer to the second joint between the first waterproof layer and the insulation layer. The inner end of the air extraction pipe extends through the protective layer to the third joint between the insulation layer and the protective layer.

[0043] And a pipe end sealing assembly, which can be detachably installed at the pipe end of each conduit.

[0044] A pre-embedded construction system for building exterior wall insulation layer, wherein the exterior wall includes an adhesive layer and an insulation layer, characterized in that, within each partition, it includes:

[0045] The air injection pipe and the air extraction pipe are embedded in the exterior wall and pass vertically through the insulation layer; multiple air injection pipes are provided and evenly distributed in the horizontal direction, with their inner ends extending to the joint between the adhesive layer and the insulation layer; multiple air extraction pipes are provided and evenly distributed in the horizontal direction, with their inner ends extending to the joint between the adhesive layer and the insulation layer.

[0046] And a pipe end sealing assembly, which can be detachably installed at the pipe end of each conduit.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0048] (1) No need to remove the insulation layer to restore the function in place: Based on the technical understanding that "the insulation function can be restored by dehumidification", the present invention restores the insulation performance by forced convection dehumidification without removing the insulation layer. The construction period is short, the cost is low and there is no damage.

[0049] (2) The pre-embedded conduit system realizes "one-time construction and lifelong maintenance": In the repair process, the present invention pre-embeds a permanent conduit as a reserved interface for subsequent maintenance. With the pre-embedded sensor, long-term online monitoring and repeatable repair can be realized.

[0050] (3) The sandwich composite structure fundamentally solves the problem of moisture: after repair, a sandwich structure of "first waterproof layer - insulation layer - second waterproof layer" is formed, and the double waterproof protection keeps the insulation layer dry for a long time.

[0051] (4) Air tightness test to ensure dehumidification effect: Before dehumidification, conduct an air tightness test to ensure that the space where the insulation layer is located meets the dehumidification conditions, avoid ineffective operation, and save energy.

[0052] (5) Universal for both roofs and walls, with strong adaptability: The technical solution of this invention can be applied to both roofs and walls. The wall solution is designed differently according to its leakage characteristics, and has wide applicability.

[0053] (6) The pre-embedded structural system realizes the forward protection of new buildings: the pre-embedded conduits and sealing components in the new buildings provide a repair channel for possible future insulation layer moisture problems without secondary damage to the structure. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the roof structure layers and conduit layout in this invention;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the roof duct layout in this invention;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the grouting repair stage in the present invention, wherein the filling of the grouting pipe and the grout outlet pipe indicates the grouting state, and the arrow indicates the diffusion direction of the grout along the first joint;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dehumidification and drying stage in this invention, where the arrows indicate the airflow direction;

[0058] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring stage after repair in this invention. The pipe opening is equipped with a detachable sealing component, which integrates a temperature and humidity sensor for long-term online monitoring of the insulation layer status.

[0059] Figure 6 This is a control logic diagram of an optional integrated controller of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the dehumidification construction process for the roof insulation layer in this invention;

[0061] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the dehumidification construction process for the wall insulation layer in this invention;

[0062] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the wall structure layers and conduit layout in this invention;

[0063] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation layout of the wall conduit in this invention.

[0064] Explanation of the labels in the diagram

[0065] 1-Reinforced concrete structural layer; 2-Leveling layer; 3-First waterproof layer; 4-Insulation layer; 5-Protective layer; 6-Second waterproof layer; 7-Grouting pipe; 8-Grouting outlet pipe; 9-Air injection pipe; 10-Air extraction pipe; 11-Pipe sealing assembly; 12-Temperature and humidity sensor; 13-Zoning; 101-Base wall; 102-Wall leveling layer; 103-Adhesive layer; 104-Plastered waterproof layer; 105-Finishing layer. Detailed Implementation

[0066] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the specific numerical values, material names, equipment parameters, etc., in this embodiment are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute a limitation of the invention. Those skilled in the art can reasonably adjust these specific parameters based on the technical concept of this invention.

[0067] The "repair zone 13" (also referred to as a repair zone in the existing building repair embodiment and a pre-embedded zone in the new building pre-embedded embodiment) described in this invention refers to an independent work area divided for ease of construction based on the area, structure, and dampness of the roof or wall. There can be one or more zones, with each zone containing an independently pre-embedded conduit system.

[0068] Example 1: Repair System and Method for Waterproofing and Thermal Insulation Layers of High-Rise Building Roofs

[0069] 1. Project Overview

[0070] The roof of a high-rise building, with an area of ​​approximately 2000 square meters. 2 ,like Figure 1 As shown, the structural layers from the inside out are as follows: reinforced concrete structural layer 1, leveling layer 2, first waterproof layer 3 (original waterproof layer, now ineffective), insulation layer 4 (150mm thick rock wool board, severely damp), and protective layer 5.

[0071] Testing revealed that the average moisture content of insulation layer 4 was approximately 25%, and its thermal conductivity was approximately 0.25 W / (m·K), resulting in a severe decline in its thermal insulation performance and multiple leaks on the roof.

[0072] Technical Background: When the insulation layer becomes damp, the thermal conductivity of water (approximately 0.6 W / (m·K)) is much higher than that of air (approximately 0.026 W / (m·K)), causing a significant increase in the overall thermal conductivity of the insulation layer. The core of this invention lies in dehumidifying the insulation layer 4 to remove the liquid and gaseous water, restoring its thermal conductivity to near-dry levels, thereby restoring its insulation function without the need to remove or replace the insulation layer.

[0073] 2. System Composition

[0074] The roof waterproofing and insulation layer repair system used in this embodiment specifically includes the following parts:

[0075] 2.1 Pre-embedded conduit system

[0076] The pre-embedded conduit system is the basic hardware of this invention, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a grouting pipe 7, a grout outlet pipe 8, an air injection pipe 9, and an air extraction pipe 10, all of which are installed in the protective layer 5.

[0077] (1) Grouting pipe 7 and grout outlet pipe 8

[0078] Grouting pipe 7: Made of seamless 304 stainless steel with a nominal diameter of 8mm, featuring a 304 stainless steel filter screen at the inner end and a high-strength PA12 reinforced nylon hose at the outer end. (Example:) Figure 1 As shown, the grouting pipe 7 is inserted into the protective layer 5, and its inner end extends to the first joint between the first waterproof layer 3 and the leveling layer 2.

[0079] Slurry outlet pipe 8: such as Figure 2 As shown, a total of 8 pipes are installed, evenly arranged around the grouting pipe 7, with a pipe spacing of about 3-5m. They are also made of stainless steel pipes with a nominal diameter of 8mm, and the inner end extends to the first joint.

[0080] Stainless steel pipes and reinforced nylon hoses meet the requirements for pressure resistance and corrosion resistance. Filter screens prevent impurities from clogging the grouting channels.

[0081] (2) Injection tube 9 and extraction tube 10

[0082] Air Injection Tube 9: Uses a flexible PE high-pressure hose with a nominal diameter of 8mm, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it is inserted into the protective layer 5, and its inner end extends to the second joint between the first waterproof layer 3 and the thermal insulation layer 4.

[0083] Evacuation tube 10: such as Figure 2 As shown, a total of 4 hoses are installed, evenly arranged around the air injection pipe 9. They are also flexible PE high-pressure hoses with a nominal diameter of 8mm, which are inserted into the protective layer 5 and their inner ends extend to the third joint between the insulation layer 4 and the protective layer 5.

[0084] PE hoses combine flexibility and flow capacity, making them easy to lay within the protective layer 5. The pipe diameter and quantity are for illustrative purposes only and can be adjusted according to the area of ​​zone 13, insulation layer thickness, etc.

[0085] 2.2 Grouting Repair Unit

[0086] The grouting repair unit consists of an external high-pressure grouting device (not shown in the figure), a grouting pipe 7, and a grout outlet pipe 8. The grouting repair unit is detachably connected to the first joint via the grouting pipe 7, such as... Figure 3As shown, it is used to inject waterproof sealant into the first joint; at the same time, the degree of grouting fullness is judged by the grout overflowing from the grout outlet pipe 8.

[0087] High-pressure grouting equipment: This equipment can employ an electric plunger pump, pneumatic grouting pump, or hydraulic grouting machine, providing a stable and adjustable grouting pressure (typically 0-8.0 MPa). The equipment outlet is equipped with a pressure gauge and regulating valve for easy on-site control. The equipment is connected to the grouting pipe 7 via a high-pressure hose and quick-connect fittings, with a check valve at the connection point to prevent grout backflow.

[0088] Grouting material: GY-HY1 waterproof sealant is a slightly yellow, transparent, low-viscosity liquid with a density of 1.05±0.03g / cm³ and a viscosity of 10-150mPa·s. It has excellent permeability and bonding strength and can be injected into micro-cracks.

[0089] Grout overflow verification: The grout outlet pipe 8 and the grout injection pipe 7 form a loop. When grout overflows evenly from all grout outlet pipes 8 without air bubbles, it indicates that the first joint has been densely filled with grout. This verification mechanism can prevent insufficient grouting or voids.

[0090] 2.3 Dehumidification Unit

[0091] The dehumidification unit consists of a drying air injection device, a negative pressure air extraction dehumidification device, an air injection pipe 9, and an air extraction pipe 10. The dehumidification unit is detachably connected to the insulation layer 4 via the air injection pipe 9 and the air extraction pipe 10. Figure 4 As shown, it is used to inject dry gas into the insulation layer 4 and extract moist gas from the insulation layer 4.

[0092] Drying and air injection device: This can employ an electric heating hot air blower or a gas-fired hot air furnace, equipped with an air filter and dryer to ensure the output gas is clean, dry, and hot air. The device outlet is equipped with a temperature control module and an airflow regulating valve, which can automatically adjust the supply air temperature and flow rate according to the moisture level of the insulation layer.

[0093] Negative pressure exhaust dehumidification device: A water ring vacuum pump, rotary vane vacuum pump, or multi-stage centrifugal fan can be used. The exhaust end is connected to each exhaust pipe 10 via pipelines, and a filter is installed at the device inlet to protect the pump body. The device itself is equipped with a temperature and humidity monitoring module, installed at the inlet of the main exhaust pipe or each branch pipe, to monitor the temperature and humidity of the gas extracted from the insulation layer in real time; this temperature and humidity data serves as feedback signals for dehumidification process control. The device also has an airflow regulating valve to adjust the exhaust flow rate.

[0094] like Figure 6 As shown, the air-drying injection device and the negative pressure dehumidification device can also be linked together via an integrated controller. The controller reads data from the temperature and humidity monitoring module in real time and automatically adjusts the air supply temperature and flow rate of the air-drying injection device and the air extraction flow rate of the negative pressure dehumidification device to achieve closed-loop precise control and ensure efficient and uniform dehumidification.

[0095] Detachable connections: All external devices and conduits are connected via quick couplings or flanges for easy on-site installation, disassembly, and transfer between different repair zones 13. Connections are equipped with sealing rings to ensure airtightness.

[0096] 2.4 Second waterproof layer

[0097] The second waterproof layer 6 is a continuous and complete sealing layer formed by applying GY-HY2 polymer penetrating sealant coating to the upper surface of the protective layer 5. For example... Figure 5 As shown, after the second waterproof layer 6 is formed, it, together with the repaired first waterproof layer 3 and the insulation layer 4, constitutes a sandwich composite structure of "first waterproof layer - insulation layer - second waterproof layer," creating conditions for subsequent dehumidification work. Furthermore, after repair, this structure provides double-layer waterproof protection for the insulation layer, fundamentally solving the moisture problem.

[0098] 2.5 Pipeline sealing assembly and temperature and humidity sensor (monitoring stage)

[0099] After repair, the pipe end sealing assembly 11 is detachably installed at the pipe end of each conduit. A temperature and humidity sensor is associated with the insulation layer 4 (integrated inside the pipe end sealing assembly 11 in this embodiment) for long-term online monitoring of the temperature and humidity of the insulation layer 4.

[0100] The sealing component permanently seals the pipe opening after repair, preventing external moisture from entering; it also retains removability, providing access for subsequent maintenance and repeat repairs. Pre-embedded temperature and humidity sensors enable long-term online monitoring, facilitating timely repeat repairs when anomalies are detected.

[0101] The sensor can be a digital integrated temperature and humidity sensor with an accuracy of ±0.5℃ and ±3%RH, a range of -40℃ to 125℃ and 0% to 100%RH, and transmits data via RS485 or wirelessly.

[0102] 3. Repair Steps

[0103] like Figure 1-7 As shown, the repair in this embodiment includes the following steps.

[0104] Step 1: Partitioning, Positioning, and Drilling

[0105] The roof was divided into 4 repair zones, each approximately 500m². 2 A precise hole (8-12mm in diameter) is made in protective layer 5, and a catheter is implanted within the hole.

[0106] Grouting pipe 7: For example, a 304 stainless steel seamless pipe with a nominal diameter of 8mm is used, with a 304 stainless steel filter screen installed at the inner end and a high-strength PA12 reinforced nylon hose connected to the outer end. The lower end extends to the first joint between the first waterproof layer 3 and the leveling layer 2.

[0107] Grout outlet pipe 8: A total of 8 pipes are set up, evenly arranged around grouting pipe 7, with a pipe spacing of about 3-5m, and the lower end also extends to the first joint.

[0108] Air injection pipe 9: A flexible PE high-pressure hose with a nominal diameter of 8mm is used, with the lower end extending to the second joint between the first waterproof layer 3 and the insulation layer 4.

[0109] Air extraction pipe 10: A total of 4 pipes are provided, evenly arranged around the air injection pipe 9. They also use flexible PE high-pressure hoses with a nominal diameter of 8mm, and the lower end extends to the third joint between the insulation layer 4 and the protective layer 5.

[0110] Technical explanation:

[0111] (1) “Zoned” construction (each zone 100-500m) 2 This is to control the area of ​​a single operation, ensure uniform grouting and dehumidification effects, and avoid the grout or airflow failing to cover the entire area due to an excessively large area.

[0112] (2) Grouting pipe 7 and grout outlet pipe 8 constitute a "grouting circuit": the grouting pipe is used to inject grout, and the grout outlet pipe is used to verify whether the grout has filled the entire joint. When the grout outlet pipe overflows grout evenly without air bubbles, it indicates that the grouting of section 13 is complete.

[0113] (3) The air injection pipe 9 and the air extraction pipe 10 constitute a "dehumidification circuit": the air injection pipe is used to deliver dry hot air, and the air extraction pipe is used to extract humid hot air, forming a directional airflow. The ratio of the number of air injection pipes to the number of air extraction pipes ensures that the airflow can cover the entire zone 13 and avoid dead zones.

[0114] (4) Different materials are used for different conduits: the grouting pipe needs to withstand high pressure (0-8.0MPa), so stainless steel + reinforced nylon is used; the air injection / extraction pipe has a lower working pressure (0-1.5MPa), so flexible PE hose can be used, which is cheaper and easier to bend and arrange.

[0115] (5) The filter screen at the inner end of the guide tube is used to prevent impurities from entering the grouting pipe during grouting and to ensure that the grouting channel is unobstructed.

[0116] (6) Design basis for pipe diameter and quantity: In this embodiment, the grouting pipe, air injection pipe, and air extraction pipe all adopt a nominal diameter of 8mm. It should be noted that the above pipe diameter and quantity are only illustrative examples. According to specific engineering conditions (such as zoning area, insulation layer thickness, moisture content, etc.), those skilled in the art can reasonably adjust the pipe diameter and quantity under the guidance of the technical concept of this invention. These adjustments do not depart from the protection scope of this invention.

[0117] Step 2: GY-HY1 grouting for sealing and water stoppage

[0118] Grouting pipe 7 is connected to external high-pressure grouting equipment, such as Figure 3 , Figure 7 As shown, GY-HY1 waterproof sealant is injected into the first joint. This material is a slightly yellow, transparent, low-viscosity liquid with a density of 1.05±0.03 g / cm³ and a viscosity of 10-150 mPa·s, which can be injected into micro-cracks. When the grout outlet pipe 8 overflows evenly and without air bubbles, the grout outlet pipes are sealed one by one with the pipe end sealing component 11. Grouting continues until the pressure reaches approximately 0.5 MPa, and the pressure is maintained for approximately 4 minutes. The equipment is then removed, and the grouting pipe 7 is sealed with the pipe end sealing component 11.

[0119] Proceed step by step according to the zones, repeating the above operations to complete the sealing of the first waterproof layer 3 of the entire roof, cutting off the channel for external water to enter the first joint.

[0120] Technical explanation:

[0121] (1) The low viscosity (10-150 mPa·s) of GY-HY1 material enables it to penetrate into the micro-cracks and defect channels between the waterproof layer and the leveling layer, achieving deep repair.

[0122] (2) The grouting pressure is controlled at 0.1-0.8MPa: if the pressure is too low, the grout cannot be injected into the microcracks; if the pressure is too high, it may damage the original structure.

[0123] (3) Hold pressure for 3-5 minutes: Ensure that the grout fully fills the joints and cracks under pressure to prevent rebound.

[0124] (4) Grout overflow verification mechanism of grout outlet pipe: When grout overflows evenly from the grout outlet pipe without air bubbles, it indicates that the grout has spread from the grouting pipe along the first joint to the grout outlet pipe position, and the entire joint has been filled with grout.

[0125] (5) Technical problem solved in this step: The joint between the first waterproof layer 3 and the leveling layer 2 is the main channel for external water to seep into the insulation layer. By grouting to repair this joint, the water inlet is cut off, creating conditions for the subsequent dehumidification of the insulation layer.

[0126] Step 3: Construction of the second waterproof layer

[0127] The substrate is cleaned, dusted, and sanded smooth. The pipe openings are sealed and leveled with quick-setting, high-strength waterproof mortar. After applying the primer, multiple layers of GY-HY2 polymer penetrating sealant are applied: the first coat is a thin, horizontal coat, approximately 0.5 kg / m². 2 After the surface is dry, apply a second longitudinal coat; repeat as needed until the total dosage reaches 1.5-3.0 kg / m². 2 After approximately 24 hours of curing, a continuous, complete, and pinhole-free sealing coating is formed.

[0128] At this time, as Figure 4 As shown, the insulation layer 4 is wrapped by the first waterproof layer 3 (after repair) and the second waterproof layer 6, forming a sealed and airtight space.

[0129] Technical explanation:

[0130] (1) The multi-layer coating (horizontal + vertical) process ensures that the coating is free of pinholes and omissions, forming a complete airtight layer.

[0131] (2) Total dosage: 1.5-3.0 kg / m 2 It is a key parameter to ensure the thickness and density of the coating: too little amount will not form a continuous film, while too much amount may cause sagging or cracking.

[0132] (3) Curing time ≥ 24 hours: The coating needs to be fully cured to achieve the designed strength and density.

[0133] (4) The “closed and airtight space” formed in this step is the basis for subsequent dehumidification operations. If the airtightness is insufficient, external moisture will continue to enter the insulation layer, and the dehumidification operation will not achieve the expected results.

[0134] (5) The technical problem solved in this step: A second waterproof barrier is built above the insulation layer, which together with the repaired first waterproof layer forms a "sandwich" structure, so that the insulation layer is protected by double waterproof layer, fundamentally solving the problem of moisture.

[0135] Step 4: Air tightness test

[0136] A sealed air injection pipe 9 is connected to a negative pressure device via an air extraction pipe 10 to perform air extraction testing on the space containing the insulation layer 4. After the vacuum level is reduced to approximately -0.08 MPa, the valve is closed, and the pressure change is observed. Testing shows that the pressure drop meets the requirements, and the airtightness satisfies the dehumidification conditions.

[0137] Technical explanation:

[0138] (1) Air tightness testing is a key quality control step in this invention. If the air tightness does not meet the standard, external moisture will continue to enter during the dehumidification process, resulting in dehumidification failure or extremely low efficiency.

[0139] (2) Detection method: Seal the air injection tube (equivalent to sealing the air inlet), draw air through the air extraction tube to establish negative pressure, and observe the pressure maintenance. If the pressure drops rapidly, it indicates that there is a leak.

[0140] (3) Possible locations of leaks: defects in the first waterproof layer, defects in the second waterproof layer coating, gaps between the conduit and the protective layer, and inadequate sealing of the pipe opening.

[0141] (4) If the air tightness does not meet the standard, the first waterproof layer and / or the second waterproof layer need to be repaired according to the location of the leak until the air tightness meets the standard. This closed-loop quality control process of "inspection-repair-re-inspection" ensures that the prerequisites for dehumidification operation are met.

[0142] Step 5: Dehumidify the insulation layer

[0143] Injection pipe 9 connects to the drying injection device, and extraction pipe 10 connects to the negative pressure extraction dehumidification device. For example... Figure 4 , Figure 7 As shown, a mode in which positive pressure injection and negative pressure extraction are performed simultaneously is adopted:

[0144] (1) Inject dry and purified air, and gradually raise the temperature from about 45°C to about 75°C, with a heating rate of ≤10°C / h.

[0145] (2) At the same time, the humid gas inside the insulation layer 4 is extracted, the vacuum degree is controlled at about -0.08MPa, and the exhaust air volume is about 90% of the supply air volume.

[0146] (3) Read the temperature and humidity data of the gas extracted by the negative pressure dehumidification device in real time and dynamically adjust the dehumidification parameters.

[0147] The dehumidification control logic is as follows: When the relative humidity at the exhaust pipe outlet is higher than 60%, the air supply flow of the air injection device is increased; when the relative humidity drops below 40%, the current air supply flow is maintained. When the insulation layer temperature is higher than 80℃, the air injection temperature is reduced.

[0148] After approximately 48 hours of continuous dehumidification, the relative humidity at the outlet of exhaust pipe 10 dropped to 28% and there was no condensation for 2 consecutive hours, indicating that dehumidification was complete.

[0149] Technical explanation:

[0150] (1) "Simultaneous positive pressure air injection and negative pressure air extraction" is the core technical feature of this invention. Positive pressure pushes dry hot air into the insulation layer, while negative pressure forcibly extracts humid hot air, forming a directional airflow that penetrates the insulation layer. Compared with "heating without extraction" or "alternating operation", the synchronous mode is the most efficient and can avoid secondary condensation caused by humid hot air remaining in the insulation layer.

[0151] (2) Relationship between pipe diameter and air volume: In this embodiment, the nominal diameter of the air injection pipe and each air extraction pipe is the same (8mm), but the actual air volume is matched by dynamic adjustment, rather than being statically determined by the pipe diameter. The same pipe diameter only ensures that the maximum flow capacity of each pipe meets the requirements, and the actual air volume distribution is determined by dynamic control.

[0152] (3) Total air volume matching (micro positive pressure control): The supply air volume of the air injection pipe is set according to the moisture content of the insulation layer, and the exhaust air volume of each exhaust pipe is adjusted separately by independent valves or variable frequency fans so that the sum of the exhaust air volume of all exhaust pipes reaches 80%-100% of the supply air volume. This "total air volume matching" principle ensures that the system is in a micro positive pressure state (supply air is slightly greater than or equal to exhaust air), thereby ensuring that the humid and hot air is discharged directionally from the exhaust pipe, rather than escaping from other gaps and causing secondary condensation.

[0153] (4) Uneven distribution of air volume in each exhaust pipe: By independently adjusting the air volume of each exhaust pipe, the air volume of the exhaust pipe near the air injection pipe can be appropriately reduced, and the air volume of the exhaust pipe far away can be appropriately increased, thereby avoiding "airflow short circuit" (i.e., the dry air is discharged from the nearest exhaust pipe as soon as it enters), ensuring that the airflow is evenly covered in the entire insulation layer zone and there are no dehumidification dead corners.

[0154] (5) Gradient heating: The heating rate is ≤10℃ / h, for example, gradually increasing from about 45℃ to about 75℃ to prevent thermal deformation or aging of the insulation material caused by a sudden temperature rise, while ensuring uniform heat penetration and avoiding "dry outside and damp inside".

[0155] (6) Temperature range 40-90℃: The injection temperature should be controlled within the range of 40-90℃. The specific upper limit depends on the type of insulation material: for inorganic insulation materials such as rock wool and glass wool, the upper limit can be increased to 90℃; for organic insulation materials such as EPS / XPS, the softening temperature is about 80℃, and the upper limit should be controlled below 75℃ to ensure material safety. If the temperature is too low, the evaporation efficiency will be insufficient, and dehumidification will not be effective.

[0156] (7) Vacuum degree -0.07MPa to -0.095MPa: Under this negative pressure, the boiling point of water decreases, which helps with low-temperature evaporation. Too high a vacuum degree may damage the structure, while too low a vacuum degree will result in insufficient pumping efficiency.

[0157] (8) Exhaust air volume ≥ 80%-100% of supply air volume: Ensure that hot and humid air is extracted in time and does not accumulate in the insulation layer. If the exhaust air volume is much less than the supply air volume, it will cause the pressure inside the insulation layer to rise, and hot and humid air may escape from other gaps and condense in other places.

[0158] (9) Temperature and humidity monitoring module is integrated into external negative pressure equipment: The temperature and humidity monitoring module detects the temperature and humidity of the extracted gas, which indirectly reflects the temperature and humidity status inside the insulation layer.

[0159] (10) Dehumidification endpoint judgment criteria (relative humidity ≤28%, no condensation for 2 consecutive hours): When the relative humidity of the extracted gas drops below 28% and there is no condensation, it indicates that the moisture content inside the insulation layer has dropped below the target value. This objective judgment criterion replaces the uncertainty of traditional judgment based on experience.

[0160] Step Six: Slowly cool down and depressurize

[0161] After dehumidification is complete, stop heating and continue air supply and exhaust to slowly cool down at a rate of approximately 8°C / h. When the internal temperature of the system drops to near ambient temperature, shut down all equipment to prevent rapid cooling from causing external moisture to flow back in.

[0162] Technical explanation:

[0163] Slowly cooling down and depressurizing is an optimized step to ensure long-term stable dehumidification performance.

[0164] Principle: After dehumidification is completed, the internal temperature of the insulation layer is higher than the ambient temperature. If the air supply and exhaust are suddenly stopped, as the temperature drops, the internal pressure of the insulation layer decreases, and humid air from the outside may be "drawn" into the insulation layer through micro-gap, leading to secondary moisture absorption.

[0165] Maintaining air supply and exhaust keeps the insulation layer under a slight positive pressure while slowly cooling it down until the internal and external temperatures are balanced, which can effectively prevent moisture backflow.

[0166] Step 7: Sealing the tubes and restoring the surface layer

[0167] like Figure 5 As shown, external equipment is removed, and each conduit port is sealed tightly with a pipe-sealing assembly 11 to restore the flatness and appearance of the protective layer. A temperature and humidity sensor 12 is pre-embedded inside the pipe-sealing assembly 11 and connected to a long-term monitoring system.

[0168] Technical explanation:

[0169] (1) The pipe end sealing component 11 is detachably installed at the pipe end, which not only ensures the permanent sealing of the conduit, but also preserves the channel for subsequent maintenance.

[0170] (2) Sensors are pre-embedded inside the sealing component: The sensors are associated with the insulation layer and are used for long-term online monitoring of the temperature and humidity of the insulation layer. When an abnormality is detected, the sealing component can be opened and the equipment can be connected for repeated repairs.

[0171] (3) Technical problems to be solved in this step: After the repair is completed, the pipe opening needs to be permanently sealed to prevent external moisture from entering; at the same time, in order to maintain long-term, it is necessary to retain the channel to reconnect the equipment and have the ability to monitor the status of the insulation layer.

[0172] 4. Long-term online monitoring and repeatable repair

[0173] After the repair is completed, the humidity of the insulation layer 4 is monitored in real time over a long period of time using the built-in temperature and humidity sensor 12. When an abnormal increase in humidity is detected, a waterproof test is performed. After the leakage location is determined, the grouting and / or dehumidification steps can be repeated through the original conduit (i.e., steps two, five, and six are repeated) without damaging the structure again.

[0174] Long-term online monitoring enables an upgrade from "one-time repair" to "recyclable maintenance." The process is a closed-loop maintenance workflow: monitoring for anomalies → waterproofing testing → repeated repairs. Monitoring for anomalies is merely an early warning signal; waterproofing testing is required to determine the specific location and cause of the leak, and then the corresponding repair steps are repeated in a targeted manner. Repeatable repair is one of the core values ​​of this invention: with traditional repair methods, if leaks recur after completion, the roof needs to be damaged again for repair; however, this invention, through a pre-embedded conduit system, allows subsequent repairs to reuse the original channels without secondary damage.

[0175] 4. Repair effect

[0176] After being repaired by the system of this invention, the thermal conductivity of the roof insulation layer was significantly reduced, and the insulation performance was restored to near its original dry state. The roof leakage problem was solved, and subsequent long-term monitoring data showed that the insulation layer was in stable condition.

[0177] Example 2: Dehumidification of building exterior wall insulation layer

[0178] 1. Project Overview

[0179] The exterior walls of a high-rise building use an external insulation system, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the structural layers from the inside out are: base wall 101, wall leveling layer 102 (optional depending on flatness), bonding layer 103 (adhesive), insulation layer 4 (insulation board), waterproof finishing layer 104 (crack-resistant mortar composite alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh), and finishing layer 105 (coating, stone paint, etc.). Testing revealed localized leakage in the exterior wall, with dampness in the corresponding area of ​​insulation layer 4, but the insulation material itself was not damaged.

[0180] Explanation of differences from roofing: Wall leaks are usually localized problems, and the leak points are relatively easy to locate (such as cracks in the decorative layer, around window frames, etc.). Therefore, wall repairs do not require grouting the entire waterproof layer joints as in roofing; only the located leaking areas need localized repair. In the dehumidification process, roof dehumidification involves injecting air from the bottom of the insulation layer and extracting air from the top, allowing airflow to penetrate the insulation layer. Wall dehumidification uses the same core logic, but the arrangement of the ducts is adjusted according to the wall structure.

[0181] 2. Repair Steps

[0182] like Figure 8-10 As shown, this embodiment includes the following repair steps.

[0183] Step 1: Repairing permeable areas

[0184] Infrared thermal imaging and a humidity detector were used to locate the water seepage points on the exterior wall, confirming that localized cracks in the decorative surface layer were causing water infiltration. The cracked areas were repaired, and the original waterproofing layer in the corresponding areas was also partially repaired.

[0185] Technical explanation:

[0186] Locating water seepage in walls is relatively easy because leaks usually occur in visible locations such as damaged decorative surfaces or cracked joints.

[0187] Localized grouting repair: Unlike roofs, walls do not require grouting of the entire waterproof layer joints; only the area where the leak is located needs targeted repair. This reflects the differentiated design of this invention for roofs and walls.

[0188] Step 2: Partition sealing

[0189] The damp area is divided into a repair zone 13. Before dehumidifying the wall, the repair zone 13 needs to be sealed to form a cavity that restricts airflow through the insulation layer within the repair zone 13.

[0190] Sealing method:

[0191] (1) Repair the permeable points to block external water sources from entering the channel.

[0192] (2) Based on the zoning plan, make full use of the existing sealing structure (such as the waterproof layer).

[0193] (3) Apply active sealing methods: temporary sealing can be achieved by covering with a membrane, or the coating can be applied directly to the surface of the original waterproof layer to seal the waterproof layer.

[0194] (4) Set up sealing barriers at the upper and lower boundaries of the repair zone (such as the floor slabs of the 2nd and 5th floors) to limit the vertical diffusion range of the airflow.

[0195] (5) Set up sealing partitions at the left and right boundaries of the repair zone (such as the two ends of the wall) to limit the horizontal diffusion range of airflow.

[0196] The function of sealing:

[0197] (1) Limit airflow range: Ensure that the injected dry hot air can only flow within the designated zone;

[0198] (2) Avoid airflow short circuit: prevent the dry hot air delivered by the air injection pipe from directly entering the air extraction pipe along the shortest path;

[0199] (3) Improve dehumidification efficiency: Force airflow through the damp area to remove moisture;

[0200] (4) Reduce energy consumption: avoid heat loss to non-humid areas.

[0201] Step 3: Zoned Piping

[0202] like Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, the damp area is divided into a repair zone 13 (e.g., from the 1st to the 6th floor, approximately 20m wide). An opening is made on the outside of the wall, vertically passing through the insulation layer, and an injection pipe and an extraction pipe are pre-embedded.

[0203] Charging / Pumping Configuration:

[0204] Air injection pipes 9: Multiple pipes (e.g., 5) are installed below the repair zone 13 (on the first floor), and are evenly distributed horizontally (in a row, spaced perpendicular to the wall, on the same plane). Each air injection pipe 9 passes vertically through the insulation layer 4, and its port is located at the joint between the adhesive layer 103 and the insulation layer 4.

[0205] Extraction pipes 10: Multiple pipes (e.g., 5) are installed above the repair zone 13 (6th floor location), and are evenly distributed horizontally (in a row, perpendicular to the wall and spaced apart, on the same plane). Each extraction pipe 10 passes vertically through the insulation layer 4, and its port is located at the joint between the adhesive layer 103 and the insulation layer 4.

[0206] Technical explanation:

[0207] Both the air injection pipe 9 and the air extraction pipe 10 are opened from the outside side: Unlike the roof, the air injection pipe and the air extraction pipe of the wall are arranged on the outside side, because wall leakage usually flows from the outside to the inside, and the decorative surface layer 105 can be restored after repair.

[0208] With the air injection pipe 9 at the bottom and the air extraction pipe 10 at the top: Utilizing the physical property of hot air rising, hot air is introduced from below, causing moisture to naturally flow upwards and be discharged through the air extraction pipe 10 at the top, resulting in higher dehumidification efficiency. Dry hot air enters the joint from the air injection pipe 9 on the 1st floor. Part of the airflow rises vertically along the joint, while the rest seeps into the interior of the insulation layer 4 (through the pores or gaps in the insulation material), moves upwards within the insulation layer 4, and finally seeps out from the interior of the insulation layer 4 back to the joint, where it is discharged by the air extraction pipe 10 on the 6th floor.

[0209] The difference between the roof and the wall is that the roof uses horizontal or diagonal airflow (the air injection pipe and the air extraction pipe are on the same plane), while the walls use vertical airflow (arranged vertically). This is because the roof is a horizontal structure and the walls are vertical structures.

[0210] There is no strict order requirement for steps two (regional sealing) and three (regional piping). Piping can be laid first and then sealed, or sealed first and then piping laid. Regardless of the order, piping and sealing must be completed before step four (air tightness test) begins, because the test requires the use of the laid piping for evacuation.

[0211] Step 4: Air tightness test

[0212] The air injection pipe 9 is sealed, and the negative pressure equipment is connected to the air extraction pipe 10 to perform air extraction test on the space where the insulation layer 4 is located, to confirm that the air tightness meets the dehumidification requirements.

[0213] Technical Explanation: Similar to roofing, airtightness testing is a prerequisite for ensuring effective dehumidification. For walls, leaks may occur at permeable repair sites, joints between ducts and walls, etc.

[0214] Step 5: Dehumidify the insulation layer

[0215] The same dehumidification process as in Example 1 is adopted: positive pressure air injection and negative pressure air extraction are carried out simultaneously, injecting dry and purified air (temperature approximately 45-65℃), and the dehumidification time is approximately 36 hours. Due to the vertical structure of the wall and the air injection pipe 9 being at the bottom and the air extraction pipe 10 at the top, the water vapor removal efficiency is higher by utilizing the rising characteristic of hot air.

[0216] Technical explanation: The dehumidification process is the same as that for the roof, but because the wall has a vertical structure and the airflow direction is from bottom to top, which is consistent with the natural movement direction of hot air, it is more efficient.

[0217] Preferably, similar to roof dehumidification, this embodiment may also employ an optional integrated controller (such as...). Figure 6 (As shown). By reading data from the temperature and humidity monitoring module in real time through the integrated controller, the air supply temperature and flow rate of the drying air injection device and the air extraction flow rate of the negative pressure dehumidification device are automatically adjusted to achieve closed-loop precise control and ensure efficient and uniform dehumidification.

[0218] Step Six: Slowly cool down and depressurize

[0219] After dehumidification is complete, stop heating, continue air supply and exhaust, and slowly cool down to prevent external moisture from flowing back in.

[0220] Step 7: Sealing and Restoration

[0221] Remove the external equipment, seal each conduit opening with the pipe sealing component 11, and restore the decorative surface layer 105.

[0222] Technical Explanation: After the wall repair is completed, the built-in temperature and humidity sensor 12 of the pipe sealing component 11 is also used for permanent sealing and long-term monitoring. After the decorative surface layer 105 is restored, the appearance is unaffected.

[0223] 3. Long-term monitoring and repeatable repair

[0224] After the wall repair is completed, the humidity of the insulation layer 4 is monitored in real time over a long period using the built-in temperature and humidity sensor 12. When an abnormal increase in humidity is detected, a waterproof test is performed. After determining the location of the leak, the dehumidification process can be repeated through the existing conduit (i.e., step five is repeated). If necessary, the permeable parts can also be repaired repeatedly. There is no need to damage the wall structure.

[0225] 4. Repair effect

[0226] After dehumidification repair, the moisture content of the external wall insulation layer met the requirements, and the insulation performance was restored. Since the permeable parts of the wall were repaired simultaneously, the insulation layer did not experience any further dampness issues.

[0227] Example 3: Pre-embedded structural system for new building roofs

[0228] 1. Project Overview

[0229] During the construction phase of a newly built high-rise building, the pre-embedded conduit system of this invention was used to reserve a repair channel for potential future moisture problems in the insulation layer.

[0230] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that Embodiment 1 involves "repairing" an existing building, while this embodiment involves "pre-embedding" in a newly constructed building. By pre-embedding conduits and sealing components in partition 13 of the new building, when the insulation layer becomes damp after the building is put into use, repairs can be carried out directly using the pre-embedded channels without damaging the structure. This demonstrates the forward-looking layout value of this invention.

[0231] 2. Pre-embedding steps

[0232] During the construction of protective layer 5, the following conduits are pre-embedded in pre-embedded partition 13 according to the design location:

[0233] Grouting pipe 7 and grout outlet pipe 8: pre-embedded in protective layer 5, with their inner ends extending to the first joint between the first waterproof layer 3 and the leveling layer 2.

[0234] Injection pipe 9 and extraction pipe 10: Pre-embedded in protective layer 5, the inner end of injection pipe 9 extends to the second joint between the first waterproof layer 3 and the insulation layer 4, and the inner end of extraction pipe 10 extends to the third joint between insulation layer 4 and protective layer 5.

[0235] Pipe sealing assembly 11: detachably installed at the pipe opening of each conduit to maintain a sealed state during building use.

[0236] Technical explanation:

[0237] The pre-embedded structure is exactly the same as the conduit system in Example 1. The difference is that Example 1 involves drilling holes in an existing building for implantation, while this example involves pre-embedding in a newly constructed building.

[0238] The pipe sealing assembly remains sealed during building use to prevent external moisture from entering the duct and insulation.

[0239] The sealing components are detachable, providing an interface for future repairs.

[0240] 3. How to use

[0241] If the insulation layer becomes damp after the building is put into use, the pipe sealing component 11 can be opened, and the grouting equipment and dehumidification equipment can be connected. The repair can be carried out according to the steps of Example 1 without damaging the roof structure.

[0242] Technical Explanation: This embodiment demonstrates the long-term value of the pre-embedded structural system of the present invention. Compared with traditional buildings, buildings with this pre-embedded structure are "maintainable"—future repairs do not require secondary damage, have short construction cycles, low costs, and do not affect use.

[0243] Comparative Example: Traditional Removal and Replacement Solution

[0244] Taking the roofing project in Example 1 as an example, if a traditional demolition and replacement method is adopted, it is necessary to: remove the entire protective layer 5 of the roof, remove the damp insulation layer 4, inspect and repair the first waterproof layer 3 (or redo the entire layer), lay a new insulation layer, and reconstruct the protective layer. The construction period is about 3-4 weeks, during which the roof cannot be used, the direct project cost is about 2-3 times that of the solution of this invention, and a large amount of construction waste is generated.

[0245] Using the solution of this invention, the entire repair process only takes 5-7 days. The roof can be used normally during the construction period (only the local pipe laying area is temporarily affected), no construction waste is generated, and the pre-buried conduits and sensors provide convenience for subsequent long-term maintenance.

[0246] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A repair system for the waterproof and thermal insulation layer of an existing building roof, wherein the roof comprises a leveling layer (2), a first waterproof layer (3), a thermal insulation layer (4), and a protective layer (5), characterized in that, The system includes: Grouting pipe (7) and several grout outlet pipes (8) are installed in the protective layer (5). The inner ends of the grouting pipe (7) and the grout outlet pipes (8) extend through the protective layer (5) to the first joint between the first waterproof layer (3) and the leveling layer (2). An air injection pipe (9) and several air extraction pipes (10) are installed in the protective layer (5). The inner end of the air injection pipe (9) extends through the protective layer (5) to the second joint between the first waterproof layer (3) and the insulation layer (4). The inner end of the air extraction pipe (10) extends through the protective layer (5) to the third joint between the insulation layer (4) and the protective layer (5). The grouting repair unit is detachably connected to the first joint through the grouting pipe (7) and is used to inject waterproof sealing material into the first joint. The degree of grouting fullness is judged by the grout overflowing from the grout outlet pipe (8). The dehumidification unit is detachably connected to the insulation layer (4) through the air injection pipe (9) and the air extraction pipe (10), and is used to inject dry gas into the insulation layer (4) and extract humid gas from the insulation layer (4); The second waterproof layer (6) is formed on the upper surface of the protective layer (5) and together with the repaired first waterproof layer (3) and the dehumidified insulation layer (4) form a sandwich composite structure.

2. The existing building roof waterproofing and insulation layer repair system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a pipe end sealing assembly (11) and a temperature and humidity sensor; the pipe end sealing assembly (11) is detachably installed at the pipe end of each conduit; the temperature and humidity sensor is associated with the insulation layer (4) and is used to monitor the temperature and humidity of the insulation layer (4).

3. The existing building roof waterproofing and insulation layer repair system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature and humidity sensor is installed inside the pipe sealing assembly (11).

4. A method for repairing the waterproof and thermal insulation layer of an existing building roof, using the system described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Zoned Piping: Divide the roof into several zones (13), and pre-embed grouting pipes (7), grout outlet pipes (8), air injection pipes (9) and air extraction pipes (10) in each zone (13); Step 2, Waterproof layer grouting repair: Inject waterproof sealant into the first joint through the grouting pipe (7). When grout overflows from the grout outlet pipe (8), close the grout outlet pipe. Continue grouting until the set pressure is reached, then maintain the pressure for a set time, and then close the grouting pipe (7). Step 3, Construction of the second waterproof layer: Apply a waterproof coating to the upper surface of the protective layer (5) to form the second waterproof layer (6), and cure it until a continuous and complete sealing layer is formed; Step 4, air tightness test: Seal the air injection pipe (9), and connect the negative pressure equipment through the air extraction pipe (10) to perform air extraction test on the space where the insulation layer (4) is located to determine whether the air tightness of the insulation layer (4) meets the dehumidification requirements; if it does not meet the requirements, continue to repair the first waterproof layer (3) and / or the second waterproof layer (6) until the air tightness meets the standard. Step 5, Dehumidification of the insulation layer: Dry gas is injected into the insulation layer (4) through the air injection pipe (9), and humid gas is extracted from the insulation layer (4) through the air extraction pipe (10) to form an airflow through the insulation layer (4); the temperature and humidity data during the dehumidification process are monitored in real time by setting or integrating a temperature and humidity sensor into an external negative pressure device to determine the dehumidification progress and / or the dehumidification endpoint. Step 6, sealing and restoration: Remove external equipment, seal each conduit opening with the pipe sealing component (11), and restore the building surface.

5. The method for repairing the waterproof and thermal insulation layer of an existing building roof according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step two, the grouting pressure is 0.1-0.8 MPa, and the pressure holding time is 3-5 minutes.

6. The method for repairing the waterproof and thermal insulation layer of an existing building roof according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step three, the waterproof coating is a polymer penetrating sealant coating, applied using a multi-layer brushing process, with a total dosage of 1.5-3.0 kg / m², and a curing time of ≥24 hours.

7. A method for dehumidifying the thermal insulation layer of an existing building exterior wall, wherein the exterior wall comprises an adhesive layer (103) and a thermal insulation layer (4), characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Repair of permeable areas: Locate the permeable areas on the exterior wall and repair them; Step 2, Zone sealing: Divide the exterior wall into several zones (13), seal the boundaries of the zones (13) to limit the range of airflow, and make the insulation layer in the zone (13) form a closed cavity; Step 3, Zoned Piping: In each zone (13), an opening is made from the outdoor side, vertically passing through the insulation layer (4), and an air injection pipe (9) and an air extraction pipe (10) are pre-embedded; multiple air injection pipes (9) are set below the zone (13) and are evenly distributed in the horizontal direction; multiple air extraction pipes (10) are set above the zone (13) and are evenly distributed in the horizontal direction; the ports of each air injection pipe (9) and each air extraction pipe (10) extend to the joint between the adhesive layer (103) and the insulation layer (4); Step 4, air tightness test: Seal the air injection pipe (9), and connect the negative pressure equipment through the air extraction pipe (10) to perform air extraction test on the space where the insulation layer (4) is located, to determine whether the air tightness of the insulation layer (4) meets the dehumidification requirements; if it does not meet the requirements, continue to repair the water-permeable parts until the air tightness meets the standards. Step 5, Dehumidification of the insulation layer: Dry gas is injected into the insulation layer (4) through the air injection pipe (9), and at the same time, humid gas is extracted from the insulation layer (4) through the air extraction pipe (10), forming an airflow that penetrates the insulation layer (4); Step 6, sealing and restoration: Remove external equipment, seal each conduit opening with the pipe sealing component (11), and restore the decorative surface layer (105).

8. The method according to claim 4 or 7, characterized in that: In the dehumidification step of the insulation layer, a mode of simultaneous positive pressure air injection and negative pressure air extraction is adopted, and the moisture is removed by the flow of dry and hot air; the drying gas is dry and purified air, the injection temperature is controlled within the range of 40-90℃, and a gradient heating method is adopted with a heating rate ≤10℃ / h; the dehumidification time is 24-72 hours, which is dynamically adjusted according to the degree of moisture in the insulation layer; the vacuum degree of the negative pressure air extraction is controlled between -0.07MPa and -0.095MPa, and the exhaust air volume is ≥80%-100% of the supply air volume; the dehumidification endpoint is determined by the relative humidity inside the insulation layer being ≤28% for 2 consecutive hours and without condensation.

9. The method according to claim 4 or 7, characterized in that: After the insulation layer has been dehumidified, stop heating, continue air supply and exhaust, and slowly cool down at a rate not exceeding 10℃ / h to prevent external moisture from flowing back in.

10. The method according to claim 4 or 7, characterized in that, It also includes: using built-in sensors to conduct long-term online monitoring of roof or wall insulation layers; when an anomaly is detected, waterproofing testing is performed, and the corresponding repair steps are repeated based on the test results.

11. A pre-embedded structural system for a building roof waterproofing and insulation layer, wherein the roof comprises a leveling layer (2), a first waterproofing layer (3), an insulation layer (4), and a protective layer (5), characterized in that, Within each partition (13), the following are included: Grouting pipe (7) and several grout outlet pipes (8) are embedded in the protective layer (5). The inner ends of the grouting pipe (7) and the grout outlet pipes (8) extend through the protective layer (5) to the first joint between the first waterproof layer (3) and the leveling layer (2). An air injection pipe (9) and several air extraction pipes (10) are embedded in a protective layer (5). The inner end of the air injection pipe (9) extends through the protective layer (5) to the second joint between the first waterproof layer (3) and the insulation layer (4). The inner end of the air extraction pipe (10) extends through the protective layer (5) to the third joint between the insulation layer (4) and the protective layer (5). And a pipe opening sealing assembly (11), which is detachably installed at the pipe opening of each conduit.

12. A pre-embedded structural system for building exterior wall insulation layer, wherein the exterior wall includes an adhesive layer (103) and an insulation layer (4), characterized in that, Within each partition (13), the following are included: The air injection pipe (9) and the air extraction pipe (10) are embedded in the outer wall and pass vertically through the insulation layer (4); multiple air injection pipes (9) are provided and are evenly distributed in the horizontal direction, with their inner ends extending to the joint between the adhesive layer (103) and the insulation layer (4); multiple air extraction pipes (10) are provided and are evenly distributed in the horizontal direction, with their inner ends extending to the joint between the adhesive layer (103) and the insulation layer (4); And a pipe opening sealing assembly (11), which is detachably installed at the pipe opening of each conduit.

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