Horizontal Well Sand Control and Water Control Completion and Completion Effect Evaluation Simulation Device

Abstract

This invention relates to a simulation device for horizontal well sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation. It includes several wellbore units consisting of an inner central tube, a middle screen tube, and an outer casing. An observation unit is sealed and fixedly connected between any two casings to observe the filling process. The observation unit is fitted over the screen tube. An injection unit is sealed and fixedly connected to the leftmost casing. The injection unit is used to inject sand-carrying fluid into the annulus between the screen tube and the casing, for sand removal after filling, and for sand return during flushing. The left end of the central tube passes through the injection unit and is sealed and fixedly connected to a water outlet assembly. The left end of the screen tube is sealed and connected to the injection unit, and the outer wall of the central tube is sealed and connected to the injection unit. The rightmost ends of both the screen tube and the casing are sealed and fixedly connected to end-face sealing plates. This invention can be used to verify the sand-blocking performance and fluid permeability of various types of functional screen tubes, so as to optimize screen tube design and improve screen tube quality based on simulation results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sand control and water control well completion technology, specifically relating to a horizontal well sand control and water control well completion and well completion effect evaluation simulation device. Background Technology

[0002] Offshore oilfields are mostly composed of loose sandstone reservoirs. Due to the significant sand control effect of gravel packing completion, gravel packing is currently the most common completion method. However, as major offshore oilfields enter the middle and late stages of development and production, new wells experience short waterless production periods and rapid increases in water cut, making high water cut problems increasingly prominent. Therefore, combined sand control and water control completion has become a new development direction.

[0003] At present, the offshore oilfield water control completion technology system includes various types such as ICD (passive inflow control) / AICD (autonomous adaptive inflow control) water control screen segment completion, ICD / AICD water control screen packing sand control completion, horizontal well compartment water control completion, and intelligent central water control completion. The effects of the above-mentioned measures are unevenly distributed and the technical boundaries are blurred. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the influencing factors, applicability, and effects of different water control completion methods through simulation test devices.

[0004] Current mainstream simulation test devices remain at the stage of miniaturization, low pressure, and laboratory scale, unable to integrate sand control and water control, nor can they realistically reflect the field operation process, and cannot reverse-verify the effectiveness of sand control and water control completion measures. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a large-scale, visualized sand control and water control simulation device that can withstand high pressure, adjust displacement, fluid type, fluid viscosity, sand ratio, screen type, screen and center tube combination, change filling method, and reverse-verify the effectiveness of measures, in order to explore the applicable principles of different sand control and water control completion methods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address all or part of the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a simulation device for evaluating the sand control and water control completion and completion effect of horizontal wells. This device can be used to verify the sand-blocking performance and fluid flowability of various types of functional screens, so as to optimize the screen design and improve the screen quality based on the simulation results. It can realistically reflect the actual field operation conditions, explore operation patterns, optimize operation processes, and explore operation rules. It can simulate the well conditions of 9-5 / 8in and below in offshore oilfields, realistically reflect the actual field operation conditions, explore operation patterns, optimize operation processes, and explore operation rules.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a simulation device for sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation of horizontal wells is provided, comprising several wellbore units consisting of an inner central tube, an intermediate screen tube, and an outermost casing. An observation unit is sealed and fixedly connected between any two casings. The observation unit is used to observe the filling process. The observation unit is sleeved outside the screen tube. An injection unit is sealed and fixedly connected to the leftmost casing. The injection unit is used to inject sand-carrying fluid into the annulus between the screen tube and the casing, to remove sand after the filling operation, and to return sand during the flushing operation. The left end of the central tube passes through the injection unit and is sealed and fixedly connected to a water outlet assembly. The left end of the screen tube is sealed and connected to the injection unit. The outer wall of the central tube is sealed and connected to the injection unit. The rightmost ends of the screen tube and the casing are sealed and fixedly connected to an end face sealing plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the injection unit includes an injection short section closed at the left end, which is connected to the injection assembly. The injection assembly is used to inject sand-carrying liquid into the annulus between the screen tube and the sleeve. A sand-removing short section is sealed and fixedly connected to the right end of the injection short section. The right end of the sand-removing short section is sealed and fixedly connected to the leftmost sleeve. The left end of the screen tube passes through the sand-removing short section and is sealed and connected to the injection short section. The central tube passes through the sand-removing short section and is sealed and connected to the injection short section through its outer wall. The desanding section has a first return sand hole and several first observation holes, each of which is connected to a plug, and the first return sand hole is connected to a first ball valve; the desanding section is connected to a first pressure gauge; the injection section has a filling hole on its side wall, which is connected to the injection assembly; the injection assembly includes a liquid supply pipe, an injection pump, a valve, a flow meter, a temperature sensor, and a heating device mounted on the liquid supply pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, the observation unit includes an observation unit cylinder, with both ends of the observation unit cylinder being sealed and fixedly connected to the corresponding sleeves. An observation glass is fixedly installed inside the observation unit cylinder, with both ends of the observation glass being sealed and connected to the observation unit cylinder. The observation glass is fitted over the sieve tube. A second observation hole is provided on the observation unit cylinder, which is used to observe the situation inside the observation glass. An observation hole plug is sealed and connected to the second observation hole.

[0009] Furthermore, an observation window is provided inside the observation unit cylinder, and the observation glass is disposed inside the observation window. One end of the observation glass is limited by a limiting step between the observation window and the observation unit cylinder, and the other end of the observation glass is fixed inside the observation unit cylinder by a snap ring. Sealing rings are provided between both ends of the observation glass and the observation unit cylinder. The second observation hole is opened at the observation unit cylinder corresponding to the observation window.

[0010] Furthermore, two supplementary lights are installed on the observation unit cylinder corresponding to the observation window. The two supplementary lights are used to illuminate the space at the observation window and are located on both sides of the second observation hole. A camera mounting hole is opened on the observation unit cylinder corresponding to the observation window. A shim protruding out of the observation unit cylinder is fixedly connected to the camera mounting hole. A camera for photographing the filling process is installed on the shim.

[0011] Furthermore, the sleeve includes a first pipe section, a second pipe section, and a leakage pipe section. One end of the first pipe section is fixedly and sealed to the corresponding observation unit, and the other end of the first pipe section extends into the leakage pipe section. The portion of the first pipe section extending into the leakage pipe section is provided with leakage holes evenly. One end of the leakage pipe section is fixedly and sealed to the middle part of the first pipe section, and the other end of the leakage pipe section is fixedly and sealed to the second pipe section. The leakage pipe section is provided with leakage holes, oil injection holes, air injection holes, and water injection holes. The oil injection holes, air injection holes, and water injection holes are respectively connected to plugs, and a leakage valve is connected to the leakage holes.

[0012] Furthermore, the first pipe section is provided with an enlarged hole extending from one end near the second pipe section toward the middle of the first pipe section. A filter screen is provided in the enlarged hole, and the filter screen is configured to cover all the leakage holes. One end of the filter screen is limited by the second pipe section, and the other end of the filter screen is limited by the hole wall of the enlarged hole. A second sand return hole is provided on both the first pipe section and the second pipe section, and a second ball valve is connected to each second sand return hole. A second pressure gauge is connected to the sleeve.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes at least one segmented isolation unit, which is disposed between the sleeve and the observation unit; the central tube includes a corresponding number of central tube segments, the left end of the leftmost central tube segment is sealed and fixedly connected to the water outlet assembly, and the corresponding ends of the central tube segments are respectively fixedly and sealedly connected to the segmented isolation unit; the screen tube includes a corresponding number of screen tube segments, the left end of the leftmost screen tube segment is sealed and fixedly connected to the water outlet assembly, the right end of the rightmost screen tube segment is sealed and fixedly connected to the end face sealing plate, and the corresponding ends of the screen tube segments are respectively fixedly and sealedly connected to the segmented isolation unit, the segmented isolation unit being used to segment the annulus between the central tube and the screen tube, and the annulus between the screen tube and the sleeve.

[0014] Furthermore, the segmented isolation unit includes an isolation ring, which is sealed and fixedly connected to the corresponding sleeve or observation unit. The isolation ring has a plurality of outer ring flow holes and a plurality of inner ring flow holes. The outer ring flow holes correspond to the annular space between the sieve tube and the sleeve, and the inner ring flow holes correspond to the annular space between the central tube and the sieve tube. Each outer ring flow hole and each inner ring flow hole is equipped with a corresponding plug. Each central tube segment and each sieve tube segment are fixedly and sealedly connected to the corresponding isolation ring.

[0015] Furthermore, the segmented isolation unit also includes a first isolation cylinder and a second isolation cylinder. One end of the first isolation cylinder and the second isolation cylinder are respectively fixedly and sealed to the corresponding end of the isolation ring. The other end of the first isolation cylinder and the second isolation cylinder are respectively fixedly and sealed to the corresponding sleeve or the observation unit. The first isolation cylinder and the second isolation cylinder are respectively provided with a support and straightening ring. The inner ring of the support and straightening ring cooperates with the corresponding screen tube segment. The support and straightening ring is provided with a flow hole.

[0016] Furthermore, the total length of the simulated tubing formed by the wellbore unit and the observation unit is greater than or equal to 30m. The simulated tubing is connected to a support mechanism, which is mounted on a base. The support mechanism can adjust its height to support the simulated tubing.

[0017] Furthermore, the support mechanism includes a slide rail fixed to the base, a plurality of sliders slidably connected to the slide rail, each slider being fixed to the slide rail, each slider being fixedly provided with an adjustment unit, each adjustment unit being fixedly connected with a clamping block, and each adjustment unit being able to adjust its own height so that the clamping block can clamp the simulated tubing outside.

[0018] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the horizontal well sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation simulation device provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: It can be used to verify the sand-blocking performance and fluid flowability of various types of functional screens, so as to optimize screen design and improve screen quality based on simulation results; it can be used to conduct research on the filling law of horizontal well sand control and water control completion under multiple factors and scenarios, such as different fluid types, different viscosities, different filling media, different sand ratios, and different discharge rates, under different specifications, functional screens and center tube string combinations, thereby advancing the understanding of sand control and water control completion process, optimizing process schemes, and reducing operational risks; it can simulate the wellbore conditions of 9-5 / 8in and below in offshore oilfields, and can realistically reflect the actual field operation conditions, explore operational laws, optimize operation processes, and explore operational laws; The segmented isolation unit enables the device of this embodiment to be used to verify the filling pattern of segmented filling of open hole horizontal wells, so as to optimize key process parameters and demonstrate the feasibility of the corresponding process. The leakage pipe section and leakage valve are set up to simulate the leakage situation during the downhole filling operation. The opening degree of the leakage valve is adjustable to adjust the leakage rate. The filter screen is set up to filter sand particles in the sand-carrying fluid to avoid sand particles clogging the leakage hole. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a simulation device for sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation of a horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the desanding short section according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the observation unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the observation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the segmented isolation unit portion of an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To better understand the purpose, structure, and function of this invention, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, provides a simulation device for sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation of horizontal wells according to this invention.

[0021] like Figure 1As shown, this invention illustrates a simulation device for sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation in a horizontal well, comprising several wellbore units 4 consisting of an inner central tube, an intermediate screen tube, and an outermost casing 9. Observation units 3 are sealed and fixedly connected between any two casings. Observation units 3 are used to observe the filling process and are fitted over the screen tube. An injection unit 1 is sealed and fixedly connected to the leftmost casing. The injection unit 1 is used to inject sand-carrying fluid into the annulus between the screen tube and the casing, to remove sand after the filling operation, and to return sand during the flushing operation. The left end of the central tube passes through the injection unit 1 and is sealed and fixedly connected to a water outlet assembly 6. The left end of the screen tube is sealed and fixedly connected to the injection unit 1, and the outer wall of the central tube is sealed and fixedly connected to the injection unit 1. The rightmost ends of both the screen tube and the casing are sealed and fixedly connected to end face sealing plates 5.

[0022] Specifically, the simulation device of this embodiment includes a wellbore unit 4, an observation unit 3, an injection unit 1, and a water outlet assembly 6. The wellbore unit 4 is a pipe section composed of an inner central pipe, a middle screen pipe, and an outermost casing 9. This central pipe and screen pipe assembly can be replaced according to simulation needs to simulate the sand control and water control completion process of different screen pipes and to evaluate the sand control and water control completion effects of different screen pipes. The observation unit is located between two adjacent casings and is fitted over the screen pipe. This observation unit is used to observe the filling operation in real time. The injection unit is sealed and fixedly connected to the leftmost casing. The injection unit is used to inject sand-carrying fluid into the annulus between the screen pipe and the casing. To ensure the sand-carrying fluid smoothly enters the annulus between the screen pipe and the casing, the left end of the screen pipe (corresponding to...) is... Figure 1 The upper end of the screen tube is sealed to the injection unit 1 to block the left end of the screen tube. The rightmost end of the screen tube is sealed and fixedly connected to the end face sealing plate 5 to block the left end of the screen tube, thereby preventing the sand-carrying liquid from entering the screen tube. The rightmost end of the sleeve is sealed and fixedly connected to the end face sealing plate 5 to prevent the sand-carrying liquid from flowing out between the two. During the filling process, the sand particles in the sand-carrying liquid remain in the annulus between the screen tube and the sleeve, while the liquid in the sand-carrying liquid enters the annulus between the screen tube and the central tube through the screen tube. The left end of the central tube passes through the injection unit 1 and is sealed and fixedly connected to the water outlet assembly 6. The outer wall of the central tube is sealed and connected to the injection unit 1. Therefore, the liquid in the annulus between the screen tube and the central tube will not seep out from the gap between the central tube and the injection unit 1. The rightmost end of the central tube and the end face sealing plate 5 are provided with a liquid channel, so the liquid in the annulus between the screen tube and the central tube can flow into the central tube through the liquid channel. Finally, the liquid is discharged through the water outlet assembly 6.

[0023] by Figure 1Taking an example, the process of simulating sand control and water control completion of a horizontal well according to an embodiment of the present invention is explained again as follows: The sand-carrying fluid is injected into the annulus between the screen pipe and the casing through injection unit 1. After injection, the sand-carrying fluid moves downwards (for horizontal wells, this is either horizontal to the right or left) until sand particles gradually accumulate in the annulus between the screen pipe and the casing. The liquid in the sand-carrying fluid then enters the annulus between the screen pipe and the central pipe through the screen pipe. The liquid entering the annulus between the screen pipe and the central pipe enters the central pipe from the lower end. The liquid entering the central pipe then moves upwards (for horizontal wells, this is either horizontal to the left or right) until it is discharged through the water outlet assembly 6. Finally, as the sand particles accumulate and the desanding pressure is reached, the simulation ends. After the simulation ends, the completion effect of the sand control and water control completion can be observed through the observation unit.

[0024] The simulation device for this invention can be used to verify the sand-blocking performance and fluid flowability of various types of functional screens, so as to optimize screen design and improve screen quality based on simulation results; it can be used to verify the effectiveness of different sand and water control completion scenarios, such as horizontal well ICD / AICD segmented water control, ICD / AICD screen filling water control, horizontal well compartmentalized water control, and intelligent central control water control, so as to clarify the applicable boundaries of different water control completion methods based on simulation results, and to demonstrate the impact of different production systems on water control measures based on simulation results, thereby improving the pertinence and success rate of measures; it can be used to conduct simulations of different fluid types and viscosities under different specifications, functional screens, and central tube string combinations. This research investigates the filling patterns of horizontal well sand control and water control completions under various factors and scenarios, including different filling media, sand ratios, and discharge rates. This research advances our understanding of sand control and water control completion processes, optimizes process plans, and reduces operational risks. It can be used to simulate the segmented filling and transport patterns and operational procedures under different wellbore sizes, enhancing our understanding of segmented filling operations in horizontal wells. It can verify the completion methods for horizontal well fluid extraction and water control, the stability of key tool movements, and the operability of production system switching. With a simulated tubing length exceeding 30m, it can simulate wellbore conditions of 9-5 / 8in and below in offshore oilfields, providing realistic feedback on actual field operations, exploring operational patterns, and optimizing operational procedures. For example, the casing can be 9-5 / 8in casing, with the center tube and screen tube adjustable to meet the simulation requirements of sand control and water control completion processes. The inner, middle, and outer three-layer structure works collaboratively, enabling diversified adjustments to different sand control and water control completion tubing combinations.

[0025] Among them, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the injection unit 1 includes an injection short section 101 closed at the left end, which is connected to the injection assembly 103. The injection assembly 103 is used to inject sand-carrying liquid into the annulus between the screen tube and the sleeve. A sand-removing short section 102 is sealed and fixedly connected to the right end of the injection short section 101. The right end of the sand-removing short section 102 is sealed and fixedly connected to the leftmost sleeve. The left end of the screen tube passes through the sand-removing short section 102 and is sealed and connected to the injection short section 101. The central tube passes through the sand-removing short section 102 and then through its outer wall and the injection short section 101. 1. Sealed connection; The desanding short section 102 is provided with a first return sand hole 1022 and several first observation holes 1021, and a plug is connected to each first observation hole 1021. A first ball valve is connected to the first return sand hole 1022. A first pressure gauge 1023 is connected to the desanding short section 102. A filling hole is provided on the side wall of the injection short section 101, and the filling hole is connected to the injection assembly 103. The injection assembly 103 includes a liquid supply pipe, an injection pump, a valve, a flow meter and a temperature sensor installed on the liquid supply pipe.

[0026] In this embodiment, the injection unit is used for pumping during the filling operation, desanding after the filling operation, and sand return during the flushing operation in the sand control and water control well completion process. Specifically, the injection unit 1 includes an injection sub 101 with the left end closed, a desanding sub 102, and an injection assembly 103. The injection sub and the desanding sub 102, the desanding sub 102 and the casing, and the casing and the end face sealing plate 5 are all fixedly connected by flanges and sealed by sealing rings. The cooperation between the flanges and the sealing rings at this point enables the device of this embodiment to withstand high pressure, specifically, pressure above 15 MPa. The desanding sub is used for desanding the blind pipe section after the filling operation and for sand return during the flushing operation. The injection assembly 103 is used to inject sand-carrying fluid into the annulus between the screen pipe and the casing.

[0027] In this embodiment, a first sand return hole 1022 is provided on the desanding sub 102. The first sand return hole 1022 is used as a return channel for the filling medium in the test wellbore of the sand flushing operation. A first ball valve is connected to the first sand return hole 1022. A plurality of first observation holes 1021 are provided on the desanding sub 102. The first observation holes are used to observe the filling quality after the filling operation is completed. A plug is connected to each first observation hole 1021. A first pressure gauge 1023 is connected to the desanding sub 102. The first pressure gauge is used to measure the operating pressure during the filling and desanding processes. A filling section is provided on the side wall of the injection sub 101. The filling hole is connected to the injection assembly 103 so that during filling operations, sand-carrying fluid is injected into the annulus between the screen tube and the casing through the injection assembly 103 and the filling hole. The injection assembly 103 includes a supply pipe, an injection pump, a valve, a flow meter, a temperature sensor, and a heating device installed on the supply pipe. The injection pump is used to pump the sand-carrying fluid, the valve is used to control the opening and closing of the supply pipe, the flow meter is used to count the supply flow rate in real time, the temperature sensor is used to detect the stability of the sand-carrying fluid, and the heating device is used to heat the sand-carrying fluid. The injection assembly 103 of this embodiment can meet the operating scenarios of pressure resistance of 15MPa and multiple liquid media environments.

[0028] For observation unit 3, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, it includes an observation unit cylinder 301, with both ends of the observation unit cylinder 301 being sealed and fixedly connected to corresponding sleeves. An observation glass 302 is fixedly installed inside the observation unit cylinder 301, with both ends of the observation glass 302 being sealed and connected to the observation unit cylinder 301. The observation glass 302 is fitted over the sieve tube. A second observation hole is provided on the observation unit cylinder 301 for observing the situation inside the observation glass. An observation hole plug 303 is sealed and connected to the second observation hole.

[0029] In this embodiment, the observation unit 3 includes an observation unit cylinder 301 and an observation glass 302. Both ends of the observation unit cylinder 301 are respectively and sealed and fixedly connected to corresponding sleeves. This fixed connection is achieved, for example, through a flange connection, and the sealing connection is achieved, for example, through a sealing ring. The cooperation between the flange and the sealing ring allows the device of this embodiment to withstand high pressure. The observation glass 302 is fixedly disposed inside the observation unit cylinder 301 and is fitted over the screen tube to observe the filling status of the annulus outside the screen tube. A second observation hole is provided on the observation unit cylinder 301. When observation is needed, the observation hole plug 303 is removed, and the situation inside the observation glass is viewed through the second observation hole. It should be noted that both ends of the observation glass 302 and the observation unit cylinder 301 are sealed connections, and both ends of the observation unit cylinder 301 are respectively sealed and connected to corresponding sleeves. Therefore, the sand-carrying liquid will not enter outside the observation glass 302.

[0030] Compared with the existing technology where the observation unit cylinder is an all-glass structure, the observation unit cylinder 301 of this embodiment does not need to use low-strength transparent glass material. Therefore, this embodiment can withstand greater pressure than the existing technology structure. In specific implementation, for example, the observation unit cylinder 301 is made of 40Cr alloy structural steel.

[0031] Among them, such as Figure 3 As shown, an observation window 3011 is provided inside the observation unit cylinder 301, and an observation glass 302 is disposed inside the observation window 3011. One end of the observation glass 302 is limited by a limiting step 3012 between the observation window and the observation unit cylinder, and the other end of the observation glass 302 is fixed inside the observation unit cylinder 301 by a snap ring 304. A sealing ring 305 is provided between both ends of the observation glass 302 and the observation unit cylinder 301. A second observation hole is opened at the observation unit cylinder 301 corresponding to the observation window 3011.

[0032] In this embodiment, the observation window 3011 expands the field of view; one end of the observation glass 302 is limited by a limiting step, and the other end of the observation glass 302 is fixed by a snap ring 304. The two ends of the observation glass and the observation unit cylinder 301 are sealed by a sealing ring 305. The second observation hole is opened at the observation unit cylinder 301 corresponding to the observation window 3011 so as to observe the filling status of the annulus outside the sieve tube inside the observation window 3011 through the second observation hole.

[0033] Among them, such as Figure 3 As shown, two supplementary lights 306 are also installed on the observation unit cylinder 301 corresponding to the observation window 3011. The two supplementary lights 306 are used to illuminate the space at the observation window 3011, and the two supplementary lights 306 are located on both sides of the second observation hole; as shown Figure 4 As shown, the observation unit cylinder 301 corresponding to the observation window 3011 has a camera mounting hole, and a shim block 307 protruding out of the observation unit cylinder is fixedly connected to the camera mounting hole. A camera 308 for photographing the filling situation is installed on the shim block 307.

[0034] The supplementary light illuminates the space at observation window 3011, allowing for easy observation of the filling status of the annulus outside the screen tube within observation window 3011 through the second observation hole. The camera is positioned to capture real-time images of the filling status of the annulus outside the screen tube, and the raised block is used to prevent the camera from contacting the sand-carrying fluid. This camera can capture the migration trajectory of particles as fine as 0.1mm, covering the entire cross-section of the wellbore for observation.

[0035] Among them, such as Figure 5As shown, the sleeve 9 includes a first pipe section 901, a second pipe section 902, and a leakage pipe section 903. One end of the first pipe section 901 is fixedly and sealed to the corresponding observation unit 3. The other end of the first pipe section 901 extends into the leakage pipe section 903. The portion of the first pipe section 901 extending into the leakage pipe section 903 has evenly distributed leakage holes. One end of the leakage pipe section 903 is fixedly and sealed to the middle part of the first pipe section 901. The other end of the leakage pipe section 903 is fixedly and sealed to the second pipe section 902. The leakage pipe section 903 has a leakage hole 904, an oil injection hole 905, an air injection hole 906, and a water injection hole 907. The oil injection hole 905, the air injection hole 906, and the water injection hole 907 are each connected to a plug. A leakage valve 908 is connected to the leakage hole 904. In this embodiment, the leakage pipe section 903 and the leakage valve 908 are set to simulate the leakage situation during the downhole filling operation. The opening degree of the leakage valve is adjustable to adjust the leakage rate. The leakage rate in this embodiment is 0~80%. The oil injection hole 905, gas injection hole 906 and water injection hole 907 are set to evaluate the effect of different measures after sand control and water control well completion by injecting oil, gas or water.

[0036] The first pipe section 901 is provided with an enlarged hole extending from one end near the second pipe section 902 toward the middle of the first pipe section 901. A filter screen is provided in the enlarged hole, and the filter screen is designed to cover all leakage holes. One end of the filter screen is limited by the second pipe section 902, and the other end of the filter screen is limited by the hole wall of the enlarged hole. A second sand return hole is opened on both the first pipe section 901 and the second pipe section 902, and a second ball valve 909 is connected to each second sand return hole. A second pressure gauge is connected to the sleeve 9.

[0037] The filter screen is used to filter sand particles in the sand-carrying liquid. The filter screen is confined within the enlarged hole and is designed to cover all the leakage holes to prevent sand particles from clogging them. The second return sand hole is located on the first pipe section 901 and the second pipe section 902. The diameter of a single second return sand hole is 50mm, and each second return sand hole is equipped with a second ball valve 909. This second ball valve is a high-strength ball valve used to control the status of the second return sand hole. The second return sand hole is used for sand flushing operations.

[0038] Among them, such as Figure 6As shown, it also includes at least one segmented isolation unit 2, which is disposed between the sleeve 9 and the observation unit 3; the central tube includes a corresponding number of central tube segments 701, the left end of the leftmost central tube segment 701 is sealed and fixedly connected to the water outlet assembly 6, and the corresponding ends of the central tube segment 701 are respectively fixed and sealed to the segmented isolation unit 2; the screen tube includes a corresponding number of screen tube segments 801, the left end of the leftmost screen tube segment 801 is sealed and fixedly connected to the water outlet assembly 6, the right end of the rightmost screen tube segment 801 is sealed and fixedly connected to the end face sealing plate 5, and the corresponding ends of the screen tube segment 801 are respectively fixed and sealed to the segmented isolation unit 2. The segmented isolation unit 2 is used to segment the annulus between the central tube and the screen tube, and the annulus between the screen tube and the sleeve 9.

[0039] In this embodiment, the simulation device further includes at least one segmented isolation unit 2. The segmented isolation unit 2 is used to segment the annulus between the central tube and the screen tube, and the annulus between the screen tube and the sleeve 9. When there is one segmented isolation unit 2, the segmented isolation unit 2 divides the annulus between the central tube and the screen tube into two segments and the annulus between the screen tube and the sleeve 9 into two segments. When there are two segmented isolation units 2, the segmented isolation unit 2 divides the corresponding annulus into three segments. To cooperate with the segmented isolation unit 2, in this embodiment, the central pipe is configured to include a corresponding number of central pipe segments 701, and the screen pipe is configured to include a corresponding number of screen pipe segments 801. When there is one segmented isolation unit 2, the corresponding central pipe segment 701 and screen pipe segment 801 are both two segments. The left end of the leftmost central pipe segment 701 is sealed and fixedly connected to the water outlet assembly 6, the left end of the leftmost screen pipe segment 801 is sealed and fixedly connected to the water outlet assembly 6, and the right end of the rightmost screen pipe segment 801 is sealed and fixedly connected to the end face sealing plate 5. The right end of the leftmost central pipe segment 701, the left end of the rightmost central pipe segment 701, the right end of the leftmost screen pipe segment 801, and the left end of the rightmost screen pipe segment 801 are respectively sealed and fixedly connected to the segmented isolation unit 2. When there are two segmented isolation units 2, the central pipe segment 701 and screen pipe segment 801 are both three segments.

[0040] The segmented isolation unit 2 at this location enables the device of this embodiment to be used to verify the filling pattern of segmented filling of open hole horizontal wells, so as to optimize key process parameters and demonstrate the feasibility of the corresponding process.

[0041] Among them, such as Figure 6As shown, the segmented isolation unit 2 includes an isolation ring 201. The isolation ring 201 is sealed and fixedly connected to the corresponding sleeve 9 or observation unit 3. The isolation ring 201 has a plurality of outer ring flow holes 2011 and a plurality of inner ring flow holes 2012. The outer ring flow holes 2011 correspond to the annular space between the screen tube and the sleeve 9, and the inner ring flow holes 2012 correspond to the annular space between the central tube and the screen tube. Each outer ring flow hole 2011 and each inner ring flow hole 2012 is equipped with a corresponding plug. Each central tube segment 701 and each screen tube segment 801 are fixedly and sealedly connected to the corresponding isolation ring 201.

[0042] Specifically, the segmented isolation unit 2 includes an isolation ring 201. The isolation ring 201 has several outer ring flow holes 2011 and several inner ring flow holes 2012. The outer ring flow holes 2011 correspond to the annulus between the casing and the screen tube, simulating the bypass channel on the bypass packer of the open-hole segmented filling string. The inner ring flow holes 2012 correspond to the annulus between the central tube and the screen tube, simulating the bypass channel on the service string of the open-hole segmented filling string. Each outer ring flow hole 2011 and each inner ring flow hole 2012 is equipped with a corresponding plug. When conducting simulation experiments, the number of outer ring flow holes 2011 and inner ring flow holes 2012 that need to be blocked can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, the number of outer ring flow holes 2011 and inner ring flow holes 2012 on the isolation ring 201 is 12 each. Each blockage is embedded with a double O-ring seal. The double O-ring seal is specially vulcanized to form a high-strength sealing interface, thereby making the annular sealing pressure reach more than 15MPa, so as to effectively resist the penetration of high-pressure fluid and ensure the pressure isolation of each section during segmented operation.

[0043] The segmented isolation unit 2 further includes a first isolation cylinder 202 and a second isolation cylinder 203. One end of the first isolation cylinder 202 and the second isolation cylinder 203 are respectively fixedly and sealed to the corresponding end of the isolation ring 201. The other end of the first isolation cylinder 202 and the second isolation cylinder 203 are respectively sealed and fixedly connected to the corresponding sleeve 9 or observation unit 3. The first isolation cylinder 202 and the second isolation cylinder 203 are respectively provided with a support and straightening ring 204. The inner ring of the support and straightening ring 204 cooperates with the corresponding screen tube section 801. The support and straightening ring 204 is provided with a flow hole.

[0044] For the fixed and sealed connection between the first isolation cylinder 202 and the second isolation cylinder 203 and the isolation ring 201, in specific implementation, for example, both the first isolation cylinder 202 and the second isolation cylinder 203 are fixedly connected to the isolation ring 201 through flanges, and both the first isolation cylinder 202 and the second isolation cylinder 203 are sealed and connected to the isolation ring 201 through sealing rings; for the sealed and fixed connection between the first isolation cylinder 202 and the second isolation cylinder 203 and the corresponding casing 9 or the observation unit 3, for example, both the first isolation cylinder 202 and the second isolation cylinder 203 are fixedly connected to the corresponding casing 9 or the observation unit 3 through flanges, and both the first isolation cylinder 202 and the second isolation cylinder 203 are sealed and connected to the corresponding casing 9 or the observation unit 3 through sealing rings. The support and centralizing ring 204 here serves the purpose of supporting the screen pipe.

[0045] Among them, the total length of the simulated pipe string formed by the wellbore unit 4 and the observation unit 3 is greater than or equal to 30 m. The simulated pipe string is connected with a support mechanism 11. The support mechanism 11 is erected on the base 10, and the support mechanism 11 can adjust its own height to support the simulated pipe string.

[0046] The support mechanism 11 here is used to support the simulated pipe string of the embodiment of the present invention. The length of the simulated pipe string of the embodiment of the present invention exceeds 30 m, and the inner diameter is 225 mm, which can simulate the wellbore conditions of offshore oil fields of 9 - 5 / 8 in and below; the simulation device of the embodiment of the present invention can truly feedback the actual on-site operation conditions, explore the operation rules, optimize the operation process, and explore the operation rules.

[0047] Among them, the support mechanism 11 includes a slide rail 1101 fixed on the base 10. A plurality of sliders 1102 are slidably connected to the slide rail 1101. Each slider 1102 can be fixed on the slide rail 1101. An adjustment unit 1103 is fixedly arranged on each slider 1102. Each adjustment unit 1103 is fixedly connected with a clamping block 1104. Each adjustment unit 1103 can adjust its own height so that the clamping block 1104 can clamp outside the simulated pipe string.

[0048] In this embodiment, the slider slides on the slide rail to adjust the position where the clamping block 1104 clamps outside the simulated pipe string. And after the position adjustment is verified, the slider can be fixed on the slide rail to stably support the simulated pipe string. The setting of the adjustment unit 1103 is used to adjust its own height. The adjustment unit here is, for example, a hydraulic adjustment unit.

[0049] Finally, the embodiment of the present invention also sets up a numerical control system supporting the simulation device. The numerical control system is composed of an electronic control cabinet, a computer, a data transmission line, etc. The numerical control system can achieve remote control to reduce the safety risks during the test. The numerical control system is equipped with corresponding data recording and analysis software, and can achieve paperless recording of the whole process of the test.

[0050] The simulation device of this invention has the following advantages: It can be used to verify the sand-blocking performance and fluid flowability of various types of functional screens, so as to optimize screen design and improve screen quality based on simulation results; it can be used to verify the effectiveness of different sand and water control completion scenarios, such as horizontal well ICD / AICD segmented water control, ICD / AICD screen filling water control, horizontal well compartmentalized water control, and intelligent central control water control, so as to clarify the applicable boundaries of different water control completion methods based on simulation results, and to demonstrate the impact of different production systems on water control measures based on simulation results, thereby improving the targeting and success rate of measures; it can be used to conduct simulations on different specifications, functional screens and central tube string combinations, and different fluid types, different viscosities, and different filling media. This research investigates the filling patterns of horizontal well sand control and water control completions under various factors and scenarios, including different sand ratios and discharge rates. This research aims to enhance understanding of sand control and water control completion processes, optimize process plans, and reduce operational risks. It can also be used to simulate the segmented filling and transport patterns and operational procedures under different wellbore sizes, thereby improving the understanding of segmented filling operations in horizontal wells. Furthermore, it can verify completion methods for horizontal well fluid extraction and water control, the stability of key tool movements, and the operability of production system switching. Simulating tubing lengths exceeding 30m, it can simulate wellbore conditions of 9-5 / 8in and below in offshore oilfields, providing realistic feedback on actual field operations, exploring operational patterns, and optimizing operational procedures. The segmented isolation unit 2 enables the device of this embodiment to be used to verify the filling pattern of segmented filling of open hole horizontal wells, so as to optimize key process parameters and demonstrate the feasibility of the corresponding process. The leakage pipe section 903 and the leakage valve 908 are set to simulate the leakage situation during the downhole filling operation. The opening of the leakage valve is adjustable to adjust the leakage rate. The filter screen is set to filter sand particles in the sand-carrying fluid to avoid sand particles clogging the leakage hole. Compared with the existing technology where the observation unit cylinder is an all-glass structure, the observation unit cylinder 301 of this embodiment does not need to use low-strength transparent glass material, so this embodiment can withstand greater pressure than the existing technology structure.

[0051] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0052] Furthermore, the terms "a," "two," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0053] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A simulation device for sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation of horizontal wells, characterized in that, The wellbore unit (4) consists of several inner central tubes, intermediate screen tubes and outermost casing (9). An observation unit (3) is sealed and fixed between any two casings. The observation unit (3) is used to observe the filling process. The observation unit (3) is sleeved on the screen tube. An injection unit (1) is sealed and fixed to the leftmost casing. The injection unit (1) is used to inject sand-carrying fluid into the annulus between the screen tube and the casing, to remove sand after the filling operation, and to return sand during the flushing operation. The left end of the central tube passes through the injection unit (1) and is sealed and fixed to a water outlet assembly (6). The left end of the screen tube is sealed and fixed to the injection unit (1). The outer wall of the central tube is sealed and fixed to the injection unit (1). The rightmost ends of the screen tube and the casing are sealed and fixed to the end face sealing plate (5).

2. The horizontal well sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injection unit (1) includes an injection short section (101) closed at the left end, which is connected to the injection assembly (103). The injection assembly (103) is used to inject sand-carrying liquid into the annulus between the screen tube and the sleeve. The right end of the injection short section (101) is sealed and fixedly connected to a sand-removing short section (102). The right end of the sand-removing short section (102) is sealed and fixedly connected to the leftmost sleeve. The left end of the screen tube passes through the sand-removing short section (102) and is sealed and connected to the injection short section (101). The central tube passes through the sand-removing short section (102) and is sealed and connected to the injection short section (101) through its outer wall. The desanding section (102) is provided with a first return sand hole (1022) and several first observation holes (1021). Each first observation hole (1021) is connected to a plug, and the first return sand hole (1022) is connected to a first ball valve. The desanding section (102) is connected to a first pressure gauge (1023). The side wall of the injection section (101) is provided with a filling hole, which is connected to the injection assembly (103). The injection assembly (103) includes a liquid supply pipe, an injection pump, a valve, a flow meter, a temperature sensor, and a heating device.

3. The horizontal well sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The observation unit (3) includes an observation unit cylinder (301), with both ends of the observation unit cylinder (301) being sealed and fixedly connected to the corresponding sleeves. An observation glass (302) is fixedly installed inside the observation unit cylinder (301), with both ends of the observation glass (302) being sealed and connected to the observation unit cylinder (301). The observation glass (302) is fitted over the sieve tube. A second observation hole is provided on the observation unit cylinder (301), which is used to observe the situation inside the observation glass. An observation hole plug (303) is sealed and connected to the second observation hole.

4. The horizontal well sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation simulation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, An observation window (3011) is provided inside the observation unit cylinder (301). An observation glass (302) is disposed inside the observation window (3011). One end of the observation glass (302) is limited by a limiting step (3012) between the observation window and the observation unit cylinder. The other end of the observation glass (302) is fixed inside the observation unit cylinder (301) by a snap ring (304). A sealing ring (305) is provided between both ends of the observation glass (302) and the observation unit cylinder (301). The second observation hole is opened at the observation unit cylinder (301) corresponding to the observation window (3011).

5. The horizontal well sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation simulation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, Two supplementary lights (306) are also installed on the observation unit cylinder (301) corresponding to the observation window (3011). The two supplementary lights (306) are used to illuminate the space at the observation window (3011). The two supplementary lights (306) are located on both sides of the second observation hole. A camera mounting hole is opened on the observation unit cylinder (301) corresponding to the observation window (3011). A shim block (307) protruding out of the observation unit cylinder is fixedly connected to the camera mounting hole. A camera (308) for taking pictures of the filling situation is installed on the shim block (307).

6. The simulation device for horizontal well sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sleeve (9) includes a first tube section (901), a second tube section (902), and a leakage tube section (903). One end of the first tube section (901) is fixedly and sealed to the corresponding observation unit (3). The other end of the first tube section (901) extends into the leakage tube section (903). The portion of the first tube section (901) extending into the leakage tube section (903) is uniformly provided with leakage holes. One end of the leakage tube section (903) is connected to the first... The middle part of the pipe section (901) is fixedly sealed and connected. The other end of the leakage pipe section (903) is fixedly sealed and connected to the second pipe section (902). The leakage pipe section (903) is provided with a leakage hole (904), an oil injection hole (905), an air injection hole (906) and a water injection hole (907). The oil injection hole (905), the air injection hole (906) and the water injection hole (907) are respectively connected with plugs. A leakage valve (908) is connected to the leakage hole (904).

7. The horizontal well sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation simulation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first pipe section (901) is provided with an enlarged hole extending from one end near the second pipe section (902) toward the middle of the first pipe section (901). A filter screen is provided in the enlarged hole. The filter screen is configured to cover all the leakage holes. One end of the filter screen is limited by the second pipe section (902), and the other end of the filter screen is limited by the hole wall of the enlarged hole. A second sand return hole is provided on both the first pipe section (901) and the second pipe section (902). A second ball valve (909) is connected to each second sand return hole. A second pressure gauge is connected to the sleeve (9).

8. The horizontal well sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes at least one segmented isolation unit (2), which is disposed between the sleeve (9) and the observation unit (3); the central tube includes a corresponding number of central tube segments (701), the left end of the leftmost central tube segment (701) is sealed and fixedly connected to the water outlet assembly (6), and the corresponding ends of the central tube segment (701) are respectively fixedly and sealedly connected to the segmented isolation unit (2); the screen tube includes a corresponding number of screen tube segments (801), the left end of the leftmost screen tube segment (801) is sealed and fixedly connected to the water outlet assembly (6), the right end of the rightmost screen tube segment (801) is sealed and fixedly connected to the end face sealing plate (5), and the corresponding ends of the screen tube segment (801) are respectively fixedly and sealedly connected to the segmented isolation unit (2). The segmented isolation unit (2) is used to segment the annulus between the central tube and the screen tube, and the annulus between the screen tube and the sleeve (9).

9. The simulation device for horizontal well sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The segmented isolation unit (2) includes an isolation ring (201). The isolation ring (201) is sealed and fixedly connected to the corresponding sleeve (9) or observation unit (3). The isolation ring (201) has a plurality of outer ring flow holes (2011) and a plurality of inner ring flow holes (2012). The outer ring flow holes (2011) correspond to the annular space between the sieve tube and the sleeve (9). The inner ring flow holes (2012) correspond to the annular space between the central tube and the sieve tube. Each outer ring flow hole (2011) and each inner ring flow hole (2012) is equipped with a corresponding plug. Each central tube segment (701) and each sieve tube segment (801) are fixedly and sealedly connected to the corresponding isolation ring (201).

10. The horizontal well sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation simulation device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The segmented isolation unit (2) further includes a first isolation cylinder (202) and a second isolation cylinder (203). One end of the first isolation cylinder (202) and the second isolation cylinder (203) are respectively fixedly and sealed to the corresponding end of the isolation ring (201). The other end of the first isolation cylinder (202) and the second isolation cylinder (203) are respectively fixedly and sealed to the corresponding sleeve (9) or the observation unit (3). The first isolation cylinder (202) and the second isolation cylinder (203) are respectively provided with a support and straightening ring (204). The inner ring of the support and straightening ring (204) cooperates with the corresponding screen tube section (801). The support and straightening ring (204) is provided with a flow hole.

11. The horizontal well sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total length of the simulated tubing formed by the wellbore unit (4) and the observation unit (3) is greater than or equal to 30m. The simulated tubing is connected to a support mechanism (11), which is mounted on a base (10). The support mechanism (11) can adjust its height to support the simulated tubing.

12. The horizontal well sand control and water control completion and completion effect evaluation simulation device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The support mechanism (11) includes a slide rail (1101) fixed on the base (10). Several sliders (1102) are slidably connected on the slide rail (1101). Each slider (1102) can be fixed on the slide rail (1101). Each slider (1102) is fixedly provided with an adjustment unit (1103). Each adjustment unit (1103) is fixedly connected with a clamping block (1104). Each adjustment unit (1103) can adjust its own height so that the clamping block (1104) can clamp the simulated tube column.

Images