A comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces

Abstract

This invention discloses a comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mining faces, belonging to the field of coal mining technology. The method includes the following steps: Step 1, data collection and zoning; Step 2, joint surface survey; Step 3, detailed underground multi-method detection; Step 4, multi-source data fusion and inversion; Step 5, directional drilling verification; Step 6, risk classification, early warning, and mining control; Step 7, dynamic re-measurement and iteration during excavation. The beneficial effects of this invention are: cross-referencing multiple data sources effectively reduces the ambiguity of single geophysical exploration methods, resulting in more accurate detection results. Field verification of detection results through core observation and hydrological monitoring allows for the correction of previous analysis conclusions based on drilling conditions, and field drilling verifies geophysical exploration results, further improving the reliability of detection results and avoiding misjudgments and omissions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mining technology, specifically to a comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mining faces. Background Technology

[0002] Coal mining is the core operation of coal mining, mainly divided into two major tasks: coal mining and tunneling. Tunneling is responsible for excavating roadways, opening up underground transportation, ventilation and working channels to form mining space, while coal mining is to extract coal resources from the coal seam. The whole process needs to be carried out in a complex underground geological environment, and at the same time, supporting safety work such as ventilation, support, drainage, gas control and water prevention must be done. It is a comprehensive mining operation that integrates excavation, mining and safety management.

[0003] Water control in coal mines is of paramount importance during mining operations. Faults, collapse columns, and fracture zones are commonly found in coal seams and surrounding strata. Some of these structures are hidden and difficult to detect with conventional exploration. Once these concealed structures penetrate the upper or lower aquifers or surface water bodies, they form water-conducting channels. Under the disturbance of mining operations, they can easily cause water inrush and seepage accidents, which can not only damage underground equipment and interrupt production, but also threaten the lives of workers in severe cases. Therefore, accurate detection of concealed water-conducting structures at the mining face is an essential part of coal mine safety production.

[0004] However, in the current technology, most coal mines use relatively simple methods to detect hidden water-conducting structures. Most of them only use a single underground geophysical exploration method to carry out the operation. They can only roughly judge the water content in a local area, but cannot fully identify the specific shape and distribution range of the structure. They also have difficulty distinguishing between water-conducting and water-separating structures. The detection results have strong ambiguity and insufficient accuracy.

[0005] Therefore, we propose a comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the above and / or existing comprehensive detection methods for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces, this invention is proposed.

[0007] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces. By improving the existing comprehensive detection methods for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces, this invention can solve the problems mentioned above. In most existing coal mines, the detection methods for concealed water-conducting structures are relatively simple, mostly using only a single underground geophysical exploration method. This method can only roughly determine the water content in a local area, and cannot fully identify the specific shape and distribution range of the structure. It is also difficult to distinguish between aquifer structures and water-conducting structures, resulting in strong ambiguity in the detection results and insufficient accuracy in judgment.

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Data collection and zoning layout. Organize geological, hydrological, historical water inrush and drilling data of the working face, divide the area into the whole area, suspected area and advanced detection area, lay out the survey lines and survey points and formulate a graded detection plan.

[0011] Step 2: Joint ground survey, using ground 3D seismic exploration combined with UAV hydrological mapping to identify underground structures and surface hydrological anomalies, complete coordinate registration and form ground exploration results;

[0012] Step 3: Detailed exploration using multiple methods in the well. Based on the surface results, conduct tunnel radio wave imaging, transient electromagnetic imaging, and audio-visual imaging in parallel. Collect and preprocess the raw data and remove interference signals.

[0013] Step 4: Multi-source data fusion and inversion. Construct a multi-source data joint inversion model, use the cross-gradient joint inversion algorithm to integrate various detection data, combine with geological and hydrological data for comprehensive interpretation, delineate the location, morphology, water-bearing level and connectivity of hidden water-conducting structures, and generate anomaly analysis maps.

[0014] Step 5: Directional drilling verification. Directional drilling is carried out in high- and medium-risk abnormal areas. Through core observation and hydrological parameter monitoring, the water-conducting structure characteristics are verified and the analysis results are corrected.

[0015] Step Six: Risk Classification, Early Warning and Mining Control. Classify the risk of water inrush and set early warning thresholds. Track changes in hydrological and detection data and implement differentiated mining control measures based on the risk level.

[0016] Step 7: Dynamic retesting and iteration during excavation. Periodically retest according to step length during the mining process, and update the inversion model, detection parameters and risk standards in combination with the actual mining exposure, forming a closed-loop operation process of detection, analysis, verification, early warning and retesting.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces described in this invention, the data collection and zoning in step one involves collecting geological exploration reports, mining engineering maps, hydrological observation data, historical water inrush records, and surrounding borehole data of the target working face; dividing the working face into full-area detection areas, key suspected areas, and advanced detection areas ahead of mining; and formulating graded detection schemes and deploying full-area survey lines and denser survey points based on regional hydrogeological characteristics.

[0018] The joint ground survey described in step two adopts a combination of ground 3D seismic exploration and UAV hydrogeological mapping to conduct a comprehensive survey. The 3D seismic exploration is used to identify the outline, attitude and spatial distribution of the working face and surrounding concealed faults, collapse columns, fracture zones and other structures. The UAV aerial photography is used to identify surface anomalies such as surface collapses, karst depressions, surface runoff and underground water-conducting structures, forming a preliminary ground exploration result map. The area that needs to be jointly surveyed is divided into multiple regions, and ground 3D seismic exploration combined with UAV hydrogeological mapping is carried out on multiple different regions. Furthermore, the preliminary ground exploration result maps of multiple different regions are compared intuitively to preliminarily locate the most suitable area.

[0019] Step 3 describes a multi-method fine-scale underground exploration based on preliminary surface exploration results. Simultaneously, tunnel radio wave imaging, underground transient electromagnetic detection, and audio-visual imaging are conducted in the underground working face roadway. Tunnel radio wave imaging is used to identify hidden fractured structures and small faults inside the working face. Underground transient electromagnetic detection focuses on determining the strength of water-bearing capacity of the structures. Audio-visual imaging explores the deep aquifers and water-conducting fracture development range in the top and bottom plates of the working face. Raw data of each type of exploration are collected and preprocessed individually to remove environmental interference signals.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces described in this invention, in step one, the survey lines are laid out along the direction of the working face roadway, and the denser survey points are concentrated in key suspected areas where water inrush problems have occurred in the past and where the structures are complex. The advanced detection area is extended along the direction of mining advance.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces described in this invention, in step two, when the joint ground survey is carried out, the surface spatial coordinates obtained by the UAV are matched with the coordinates of the underground working face to achieve a precise correspondence between the abnormal surface location and the suspected underground structure location.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces described in this invention, in step three, during the underground multi-method fine detection operation, the measuring points of various detection methods correspond to each other, ensuring that the data collected by different detection methods can be compared and referenced with each other.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces described in this invention, in step three, when preprocessing the original data, interference signals from underground electromechanical equipment and roadway metal components are mainly filtered out, while retaining effective data that can reflect geological and hydrological characteristics.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces described in this invention, in step four, when performing comprehensive data interpretation through multi-source data fusion and inversion, different types of structures are distinguished by combining the characteristics of various detection data, and water-blocking structures, weak water-conducting structures, and strong water-conducting structures are clearly identified.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces described in this invention, in step five, when conducting directional drilling verification, the drilling trajectory is controlled to pass through the entire range of the suspected water-conducting structure. During the drilling process, hydrological conditions such as water inflow and water pressure are continuously monitored, and the rock strata structure and fracture development of the extracted rock core are observed simultaneously.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces described in this invention, in step six, the risk classification and early warning and mining control are divided into water inrush risk levels according to the scale of the water-conducting structure, the water abundance, and the water-conducting connectivity. Different risk levels correspond to different early warning methods and on-site control requirements.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in a coal mine working face as described in this invention, in step seven, when conducting periodic re-measurement operations during dynamic re-measurement iteration, the re-measurement frequency should be appropriately increased for high-risk areas to promptly grasp the dynamic changes in geological and hydrological conditions during the mining process.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0029] 1. In this invention, three different geophysical exploration methods are used simultaneously downhole in a coordinated manner. Each method has a clear division of labor and is used to explore the structural morphology, water-bearing capacity, and deep aquifers. At the same time, the raw data is noise-reduced to eliminate interference from downhole equipment and metal components, resulting in higher data validity. Multiple data can be cross-referenced to effectively reduce the multiple solutions problem that exists with single geophysical exploration, making the exploration results more accurate. Directional drilling is carried out in medium and high-risk areas identified by the exploration. The exploration results are verified on-site through core observation and hydrological monitoring. The previous analysis conclusions can also be corrected based on the drilling situation. The geophysical exploration results are checked by on-site drilling, which further improves the reliability of the exploration results and avoids misjudgment and omission.

[0030] 2. In this invention, various geological, hydrological, and historical data of the working face are first collected and organized. Based on the actual situation on site, different detection areas are divided and measurement lines and points are set up in a targeted manner. This achieves zoned implementation and key-area intensified detection, changing the previous problem of blindly setting up measurement points. This not only improves detection efficiency but also ensures the detection coverage of key hidden danger areas. The ground 3D seismic survey is combined with UAVs to carry out a joint survey. On the one hand, it can investigate underground hidden faults, collapse columns, fissures, and other structures over a large area. On the other hand, it can simultaneously identify areas with abnormal surface hydrology. Then, coordinate matching is used to realize the correspondence between the surface and underground hidden danger locations, achieving preliminary screening of the entire area. Compared with a single ground detection method, the investigation scope is wider and the clues are more comprehensive.

[0031] 3. In this invention, by classifying the risk level of water inrush according to the actual situation of the water-conducting structure, and matching it with corresponding early warning mechanisms and on-site control measures, the detection results are directly applied to the management of the mining site, realizing the integration of detection, early warning and control, reducing the probability of water inrush accidents from the source, setting up a dynamic re-measurement link as mining progresses, conducting detection regularly according to the mining progress, increasing the frequency of re-measurement in high-risk areas, and continuously updating the model, parameters and risk judgment standards based on the on-site exposure, forming a complete closed-loop operation process, which can dynamically grasp changes in geological and hydrological conditions and ensure the safety of mining operations throughout the process. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the data collection and zoning layout of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the joint ground survey of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-method precision detection in downhole according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] This invention provides a comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces. It features the advantages of simultaneously employing three different geophysical exploration methods underground, with each method having a clear division of labor, targeting structural morphology, water-bearing capacity, and deep aquifers respectively. Simultaneously, the raw data undergoes noise reduction processing to eliminate interference from underground equipment and metal components, resulting in higher data validity. The cross-referencing of multiple data sets effectively reduces the ambiguity inherent in single geophysical methods, leading to more accurate detection results. Directional drilling is conducted in medium- and high-risk areas identified through the exploration. The detection results are verified in-situ through core observation and hydrological monitoring. Furthermore, the method allows for the correction of previous analysis conclusions based on drilling progress, and in-situ drilling is used to verify geophysical results, further enhancing the reliability of the detection results and avoiding misjudgments and omissions.

[0038] Please see Figure 1-4 A comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces is disclosed. The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Data collection and zoning deployment. This involves organizing geological, hydrological, historical water inrush, and borehole data for the working face, dividing it into overall, suspected, and advanced detection areas, deploying survey lines and points, and developing a tiered detection plan; Step 2: Joint surface survey. This involves using 3D seismic exploration combined with UAV hydrological mapping to identify underground structures and surface hydrological anomalies, completing coordinate registration, and generating surface detection results; Step 3: Detailed underground multi-method detection. Based on the surface results, parallel tunnel exploration is conducted. The process involves five steps: 1) Radio wave imaging, downhole transient electromagnetic imaging, and audio-visual imaging to collect and preprocess raw data, removing interference signals; 2) Multi-source data fusion and inversion to construct a joint inversion model, using a cross-gradient joint inversion algorithm to integrate various detection data, combined with comprehensive interpretation of geological and hydrological data, to delineate the location, morphology, water-bearing level, and connectivity of concealed water-conducting structures, generating anomaly assessment maps; 3) Directional drilling verification to conduct directional drilling in high- and medium-risk anomaly areas, verifying the characteristics of the water-conducting structures and correcting the analysis results through core observation and hydrological parameter monitoring.

[0039] Step Six: Risk Classification, Early Warning, and Mining Control. Risk levels are classified according to water inrush risk, and early warning thresholds are set. Hydrological and detection data changes are tracked, and differentiated mining control measures are implemented based on risk levels. Step Seven: Dynamic Retesting and Iteration During Mining. Periodic retesting is conducted at step lengths during mining. The inversion model, detection parameters, and risk standards are updated based on the actual mining exposure, forming a closed-loop operation process of detection, analysis, verification, early warning, and retesting. By simultaneously employing three different geophysical methods in the well, each method has a clear division of labor, targeting structural morphology, water-bearing capacity, and deep aquifers respectively. Noise reduction processing is applied to the raw data to eliminate interference from downhole equipment and metal components, resulting in higher data validity. Cross-referencing multiple data sources effectively reduces the ambiguity of single geophysical methods, leading to more accurate detection results. Directional drilling is implemented in medium- and high-risk areas identified through detection. Detection results are verified in-situ through core observation and hydrological monitoring. Previous analysis conclusions can be revised based on drilling conditions, and in-situ drilling verifies geophysical results, further improving the reliability of detection results and avoiding misjudgments and omissions.

[0040] In step one, data collection and zoning are carried out by collecting geological survey reports, mining engineering maps, hydrological observation data, historical water inrush records, and surrounding borehole data of the target mining face. The working face is divided into a full-area detection area, key suspected areas, and advanced detection areas ahead of mining. A graded detection plan is formulated based on the regional hydrogeological characteristics, and full-area survey lines and denser measurement points are deployed. In step two, the ground joint survey adopts a combination of ground 3D seismic exploration and UAV hydrogeological mapping to carry out a full-area survey. 3D seismic exploration is used to identify the structural outlines, attitudes, and spatial distribution of the working face and surrounding concealed faults, collapse columns, and fracture zones. UAV aerial photography is used to identify surface anomalies such as surface collapses, karst depressions, and surface runoff connected to underground water-conducting structures, forming a preliminary ground survey result map. Areas requiring ground joint survey are divided into multiple regions, and ground 3D seismic exploration combined with UAV hydrogeological mapping is carried out on multiple different regions. Furthermore, the preliminary ground survey result maps of multiple different regions are compared intuitively to preliminarily locate the most suitable area.

[0041] In step three, multi-method fine exploration is carried out underground based on the preliminary exploration results on the ground. Simultaneously, tunnel radio wave imaging, underground transient electromagnetic detection, and audio-visual electromagnetic detection are carried out in the underground working face roadway. Among them, tunnel radio wave imaging is used to identify hidden fractured structures and small faults inside the working face. Underground transient electromagnetic detection focuses on determining the strength of water-bearing capacity of the structure. Audio-visual electromagnetic detection explores the deep aquifers and water-conducting fracture development range in the top and bottom plates of the working face. Raw data of each type of exploration are collected and single-type data preprocessing is completed to remove environmental interference signals.

[0042] In step one, survey lines are laid out along the direction of the working face roadway, with denser survey points concentrated in key suspected areas where water inrush problems have occurred in the past and where the geological structures are complex. The advanced detection area extends along the direction of mining advance. In step two, during the joint surface survey, the surface spatial coordinates obtained by the UAV are matched with the coordinates of the underground working face to achieve a precise correspondence between the locations of surface anomalies and suspected underground structures. In step three, during the detailed underground multi-method detection operation, the locations of the survey points of various detection methods are matched to ensure that the data collected by different detection methods can be cross-referenced and compared. In step three, when preprocessing the raw data, interference signals from underground electromechanical equipment and metal components in the roadway are mainly filtered out, while retaining effective data that can reflect geological and hydrological characteristics.

[0043] In step four, during the multi-source data fusion and inversion for comprehensive data interpretation, different types of structures are distinguished by combining the characteristics of various detection data, clearly identifying water-containing structures, weakly water-conducting structures, and strongly water-conducting structures. In step five, during directional drilling verification, the borehole trajectory is controlled to pass through the entire range of the suspected water-conducting structure. During the drilling process, hydrological conditions such as water inflow and water pressure are continuously monitored, and the rock strata structure and fracture development of the extracted core are observed simultaneously. In step six, risk classification, early warning, and mining control are carried out according to the scale, water abundance, and water-conducting connectivity of the water-conducting structure, classifying the water inrush risk level. Different risk levels correspond to different early warning methods and on-site control requirements. In step seven, during the iterative dynamic re-measurement during excavation, the frequency of re-measurement is appropriately increased for high-risk areas to promptly grasp the dynamic changes in geological and hydrological conditions during mining.

[0044] The workflow of this invention is as follows: Before formally commencing exploration operations, data collection and zoning deployment are first carried out. Staff comprehensively collect geological survey reports, mining engineering drawings, long-term hydrological observation data, past water inrush records, and all surrounding borehole data for the target mining face. This allows for a comprehensive understanding of the basic geological and hydrological conditions of the area. Based on the collected data, the entire working face is divided into a full-area exploration zone, a key suspected zone, and an advanced exploration zone ahead of mining. A graded exploration plan is formulated with reference to the regional hydrogeological characteristics. Conventional survey lines are laid out along the tunnel direction according to the plan requirements. Survey points are densely deployed in suspected areas such as historical water inrush points and structurally complex areas. The advanced exploration zone is extended along the direction of mining advance to prepare for subsequent exploration operations.

[0045] After the preliminary preparations were completed, a joint ground survey was carried out. Staff conducted 3D seismic exploration in different areas on the ground, using this technology to identify the outlines, morphologies, and spatial distribution of hidden faults, collapse columns, and fracture zones in and around the working face. At the same time, drones were used to conduct hydrogeological mapping, inspecting abnormal areas such as surface subsidence, karst depressions, and surface runoff, marking locations that might be connected to underground water-conducting structures. The results maps obtained from the regional surveys were compared and analyzed to initially determine the approximate range of potential hazards. The surface coordinates collected by the drones were then uniformly registered with the coordinates of the underground working face to ensure that the surface anomalies and the locations of suspected underground structures were accurately matched, ultimately forming a complete preliminary ground survey map.

[0046] Next, based on the results of the surface survey, multiple methods of detailed exploration were carried out underground. In the working face roadway, the operators simultaneously deployed three types of detection equipment: tunnel radio wave imaging, underground transient electromagnetic, and audio-visual imaging. This ensured that the measuring points of each type of detection corresponded one-to-one, facilitating data comparison later. Tunnel radio wave imaging was used to find fractured structures and small faults inside the working face. Underground transient electromagnetic was used to determine the water-bearing strength of various geological structures. Audio-visual imaging was used to explore the deep aquifers in the top and bottom plates of the working face and the development range of water-conducting fractures. After all the detection data was collected, a unified preprocessing work was carried out to filter out interference signals generated by underground electromechanical equipment and metal components in the roadway, retaining the true and valid detection data.

[0047] After completing downhole data acquisition, the process moves to the multi-source data fusion and inversion stage. Staff import the surface 3D seismic data and three types of downhole geophysical data into a pre-built multi-source data joint inversion model. The cross-gradient joint inversion algorithm is used to integrate and calculate all the data. Combined with regional geological and hydrological data, comprehensive interpretation is carried out. Based on the data characteristics, water-conducting structures, weakly water-conducting structures, and strongly water-conducting structures are distinguished. The specific location, spatial morphology, water-bearing level, and water connectivity of each hidden water-conducting structure are accurately delineated. Finally, an anomaly assessment map is generated, which intuitively displays all potential hazard areas.

[0048] For the medium- and high-risk anomaly areas marked in the map, directional drilling was organized. The drilling trajectory was designed according to the direction of the suspected structure to ensure that the borehole could completely pass through the target structural zone. During the drilling process, the staff continuously monitored the hydrological parameters such as borehole water inflow and water pressure, and observed the rock structure and fracture development of the extracted rock cores. This was done to verify the true characteristics of the water-conducting structure in the field, and the conclusions drawn from the previous data interpretation were revised based on the actual situation obtained from the drilling.

[0049] After drilling verification is completed, the risk level of water inrush is classified according to the scale of the water-conducting structure, the water abundance, and the water connectivity. Corresponding early warning thresholds are set. During the operation, changes in hydrological data and detection data are tracked in real time. Once the early warning standard is reached, an alert is issued immediately. Differentiated mining control measures are implemented according to different risk levels, such as adjusting the mining progress, strengthening roadway support, and implementing drainage and pressure reduction to prevent the risk of water inrush.

[0050] Throughout the continuous mining process, periodic retests are conducted in strict accordance with the set step length. The number of retests is appropriately increased for high-risk areas to keep abreast of geological and hydrological changes caused by mining disturbances. At the same time, the inversion model, detection parameters, and risk assessment criteria are continuously updated in conjunction with the actual geological conditions revealed in the roadway and data from previous drilling operations.

[0051] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to embodiments, various modifications can be made and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the features in the disclosed embodiments can be combined with each other in any manner. The lack of an exhaustive description of these combinations in this specification is merely for the sake of brevity and resource conservation. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in coal mine working faces, characterized in that, The detection method includes the following steps: Step 1: Data collection and zoning layout. Organize geological, hydrological, historical water inrush and drilling data of the working face, divide the area into the whole area, suspected area and advanced detection area, lay out the survey lines and survey points and formulate a graded detection plan. Step 2: Joint ground survey, using ground 3D seismic exploration combined with UAV hydrological mapping to identify underground structures and surface hydrological anomalies, complete coordinate registration and form ground exploration results; Step 3: Detailed exploration using multiple methods in the well. Based on the surface results, conduct tunnel radio wave imaging, transient electromagnetic imaging, and audio-visual imaging in parallel. Collect and preprocess the raw data and remove interference signals. Step 4: Multi-source data fusion and inversion. Construct a multi-source data joint inversion model, use the cross-gradient joint inversion algorithm to integrate various detection data, combine with geological and hydrological data for comprehensive interpretation, delineate the location, morphology, water-bearing level and connectivity of hidden water-conducting structures, and generate anomaly analysis maps. Step 5: Directional drilling verification. Directional drilling is carried out in high- and medium-risk abnormal areas. Through core observation and hydrological parameter monitoring, the water-conducting structure characteristics are verified and the analysis results are corrected. Step Six: Risk Classification, Early Warning and Mining Control. Classify the risk of water inrush and set early warning thresholds. Track changes in hydrological and detection data and implement differentiated mining control measures based on the risk level. Step 7: Dynamic retesting and iteration during excavation. Periodically retest according to step length during the mining process, and update the inversion model, detection parameters and risk standards in combination with the actual mining exposure, forming a closed-loop operation process of detection, analysis, verification, early warning and retesting.

2. The comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in a coal mine working face according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data collection and zoning described in Step 1 involves collecting geological survey reports, mining engineering maps, hydrological observation data, historical water inrush records, and surrounding borehole data for the target mining face. The working face is divided into a full-area detection area, key suspected areas, and advanced detection areas in front of the mining face. A graded detection plan is formulated based on the regional hydrogeological characteristics, and full-area survey lines and denser survey points are deployed. The joint ground survey described in step two adopts a combination of ground 3D seismic exploration and UAV hydrogeological mapping to conduct a comprehensive survey. The 3D seismic exploration is used to identify the outline, attitude and spatial distribution of the working face and surrounding concealed faults, collapse columns, fracture zones and other structures. The UAV aerial photography is used to identify surface anomalies such as surface collapses, karst depressions, surface runoff and underground water-conducting structures, forming a preliminary ground exploration result map. The area that needs to be jointly surveyed is divided into multiple regions, and ground 3D seismic exploration combined with UAV hydrogeological mapping is carried out on multiple different regions. Furthermore, the preliminary ground exploration result maps of multiple different regions are compared intuitively to preliminarily locate the most suitable area. Step 3 describes a multi-method fine-scale underground exploration based on preliminary surface exploration results. Simultaneously, tunnel radio wave imaging, underground transient electromagnetic detection, and audio-visual imaging are conducted in the underground working face roadway. Tunnel radio wave imaging is used to identify hidden fractured structures and small faults inside the working face. Underground transient electromagnetic detection focuses on determining the strength of water-bearing capacity of the structures. Audio-visual imaging explores the deep aquifers and water-conducting fracture development range in the top and bottom plates of the working face. Raw data of each type of exploration are collected and preprocessed individually to remove environmental interference signals.

3. The comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in a coal mine working face according to claim 2, characterized in that, The survey lines described in step one are laid out along the direction of the working face roadway, and the denser survey points are concentrated in key suspected areas where water inrush problems have occurred in the past and where the geological structure is complex. The advanced detection area is laid out along the direction of mining advance.

4. The comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in a coal mine working face according to claim 3, characterized in that, During the joint ground survey described in step two, the surface spatial coordinates obtained by the UAV are matched with the coordinates of the underground working face to achieve a precise correspondence between the surface anomaly locations and the suspected underground structural locations.

5. A comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in a coal mine working face according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the downhole multi-method precision exploration operation described in step three, the measuring points of various exploration methods correspond to each other to ensure that the data collected by different exploration methods can be compared and referenced with each other.

6. The comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in a coal mine working face according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step three, when preprocessing the raw data, the main task is to filter out interference signals from underground electromechanical equipment and metal components in the tunnel, and retain effective data that can reflect geological and hydrological characteristics.

7. A comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in a coal mine working face according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step four, when performing comprehensive data interpretation through multi-source data fusion and inversion, the characteristics of various types of detection data are combined to distinguish different types of structures, clearly identifying water-impermeable structures, weakly conductive structures, and strongly conductive structures.

8. A comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in a coal mine working face according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step five, when conducting directional drilling verification, the drilling trajectory is controlled to pass through the entire range of the suspected water-conducting structure. During the drilling process, hydrological conditions such as water inflow and water pressure are continuously monitored, and the rock strata structure and fracture development of the extracted core are observed simultaneously.

9. A comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in a coal mine working face according to claim 8, characterized in that, The risk classification, early warning, and mining control described in step six are divided into water inrush risk levels according to the scale of the water-conducting structure, the water abundance, and the water-conducting connectivity. Different risk levels correspond to different early warning methods and on-site control requirements.

10. A comprehensive detection method for concealed water-conducting structures in a coal mine working face according to claim 9, characterized in that, When conducting periodic re-measurement operations as described in step seven, the frequency of re-measurement should be appropriately increased for high-risk areas to promptly grasp the dynamic changes in geological and hydrological conditions during the mining process.

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