Solar collectors, waste heat recovery systems, waste heat recovery methods and vehicles

Abstract

This application relates to a solar collector, a waste heat recovery system, a waste heat recovery method, and a vehicle. The solar collector includes an outer shell and an inner shell. The outer shell is provided with an input pipe and an output pipe, and the outer side of the outer shell is used to install a power generation component. The inner shell is disposed within the outer shell, and a first connecting port is opened on the portion of the inner shell away from the input pipe. A silencing component is installed on the inner side. A first flow channel is formed between the outer shell and the inner shell, and the first flow channel connects to the input pipe. A second flow channel is formed in the internal cavity of the inner shell, and the second flow channel connects to the output pipe. The first connecting port connects the first flow channel and the second flow channel. By arranging and connecting the outer shell and the inner shell, relatively independent first and second flow channels are formed, which can guide the heat medium to flow along a preset path. The heat medium exchanges heat with the power generation component first in the first flow channel, reducing the impact of the silencing component on waste heat recovery and improving power generation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of waste heat recovery technology, and in particular to a heat collector, a waste heat recovery system, a waste heat recovery method, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] The automotive exhaust temperature difference power generation system utilizes the waste heat of automotive exhaust gas for energy conversion. The heat exchanger in the system can perform both waste heat recovery and noise reduction functions. As the airflow passes through the heat exchanger, it can recover waste heat through heat exchange and reduce noise with the help of the sound-absorbing structure.

[0003] In related technologies, sound-absorbing structures such as metal foam are installed in the pipe through which the airflow passes, and power-generating plates are installed on the outside of the heat exchanger wall to absorb waste heat. Therefore, the areas of waste heat recovery and sound-absorbing structures overlap. While the airflow passes through the sound-absorbing structure of the heat exchanger, some of the heat is absorbed by the sound-absorbing structure, which causes the airflow temperature to drop when it passes through the foam pores and reaches the heat exchanger wall that is in close contact with the power-generating plates. In addition, the metal foam structure affects the airflow in the heat exchanger, thus affecting the power generation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a solar collector that improves the power generation efficiency of the solar collector, thereby at least partially solving the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this application, a solar collector is provided, comprising:

[0006] The housing is provided with an input pipe and an output pipe, and the outer side of the housing is used to install the power generation components;

[0007] An inner shell is spaced within the outer shell, and a first communication port is provided on the portion of the inner shell away from the input pipe, with a sound-absorbing component installed on the inner side.

[0008] A first flow channel is formed between the outer shell and the inner shell, and the first flow channel is connected to the input pipe. A second flow channel is formed in the internal cavity of the inner shell, and the second flow channel is connected to the output pipe. The first connection port connects the first flow channel and the second flow channel.

[0009] Optionally, the inner shell near the input pipe is further provided with a second connection port, the second connection port connecting the first flow channel and the second flow channel. The collector also includes a passive regulating valve disposed at the second connection port, the passive regulating valve being able to adjust the opening degree according to the pressure of the heat medium in the input pipe.

[0010] Optionally, the input pipe and the output pipe are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the outer shell, the first connecting port is disposed on the side of the inner shell near the output pipe and the first connecting port is offset from the output pipe, the second connecting port is disposed on the side of the inner shell near the input pipe, the inner shell has multiple interconnected chambers, and the output pipe communicates with different chambers through the first connecting port.

[0011] Optionally, the housing is provided with a plurality of input pipes, all of which are connected to the first flow channel; and / or;

[0012] The collector further includes a flow guide disposed in the first flow channel, the flow guide being used to disperse the heat medium flowing through the first flow channel.

[0013] According to a second aspect of this application, a waste heat recovery system is provided, comprising:

[0014] The solar collector is the solar collector described above;

[0015] The power generation component is installed on the outside of the housing;

[0016] A noise-absorbing component is installed in the inner shell.

[0017] Optionally, the waste heat recovery system further includes a cooling component, which is at least partially located on the side of the power generation component away from the solar collector.

[0018] Optionally, the noise reduction component includes:

[0019] A partition is disposed in the inner shell, dividing the internal space of the inner shell into multiple chambers;

[0020] Insert a cannula through the partition and connect the chambers on both sides of the partition;

[0021] A sound absorber is provided in at least one of the chambers.

[0022] Optionally, the waste heat recovery system further includes:

[0023] The heat collection channel is connected to the input pipe;

[0024] A bypass channel, one end of which is connected to the input end of the heat collection channel, and the other end of which is connected to the output pipe;

[0025] A first active regulating valve is disposed in the heat collection channel and is used to control the opening degree of the heat collection channel;

[0026] A second active regulating valve is disposed in the bypass channel and is used to control the opening degree of the bypass channel.

[0027] Optionally, the waste heat recovery system further includes:

[0028] A temperature sensor is installed in the heat collection channel to detect the temperature of the heat medium flowing through the heat collection channel;

[0029] The controller is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, the first active regulating valve, and the second active regulating valve. The controller controls the opening degree of the first active regulating valve and the second active regulating valve according to the temperature of the heat medium flowing through the heat collection channel.

[0030] Optionally, the waste heat recovery system further includes an energy management component connected to the power generation component. The power generation component inputs a first electrical energy to the energy management component. The energy management component is used to convert the voltage and / or current of the first electrical energy to output a second electrical energy. The energy management component is electrically connected to a load and / or an energy storage device and is used to output the second electrical energy to the load and / or the energy storage device.

[0031] According to a third aspect of this application, a waste heat recovery method is provided, applied to the aforementioned waste heat recovery system, the waste heat recovery method comprising:

[0032] Obtain the operating parameters of the heat medium in the waste heat recovery system, wherein the operating parameters include at least one of pressure and temperature;

[0033] When the operating parameters are under the first preset conditions, the control heat medium passes through the input pipe, the first flow channel, the first connecting port, the second flow channel and the output pipe in sequence.

[0034] Optionally, the waste heat recovery method further includes:

[0035] When the operating parameters are under the first preset conditions, the entire heat medium flows through the first flow channel;

[0036] When the operating parameters are under the second preset conditions, a portion of the heat medium flows into the first flow channel, and the other portion of the heat medium flows into the second flow channel through the second connecting port;

[0037] When the operating parameters are under the third preset condition, the heat medium is diverted to the heat collection channel and the bypass channel. Part of the heat medium in the heat collection channel flows into the first channel, and the other part flows into the second channel through the second connecting port.

[0038] When the operating parameters are under the fourth preset condition, all the heat medium flows into the bypass channel.

[0039] Optionally, the waste heat recovery method further includes:

[0040] When P in ≥P out At that time, the power generation component supplies power to at least one of the load and the energy storage device;

[0041] When P in <P out At that time, the power generation component generates electricity at its maximum power output, and the power generation component and the energy storage device simultaneously supply power to the load;

[0042] Among them, P in It is the output power of the power generation component, P out It is the power consumption of the load.

[0043] Optionally, the waste heat recovery method further includes:

[0044] When V in ≤D1*V out At this time, the energy management component is in boost mode;

[0045] When D1*V out <V in <V out When / (1-D2), the energy management component adjusts to a buck-boost mode based on the input voltage.

[0046] When V in ≥V out When / (1-D2), the energy management component is in buck mode;

[0047] Among them, V in It is the voltage generated by the power generation component, V. out D1 is the load voltage, D2 is the duty cycle of the energy management component 11 in boost mode, and D2 is the duty cycle of the energy management component 11 in buck mode. D1 + D2 = 1.

[0048] According to a fourth aspect of this application, a vehicle is provided that includes the aforementioned solar collector or the aforementioned waste heat recovery system or applies the aforementioned waste heat recovery method.

[0049] In the solar collector of this application embodiment, by arranging and connecting the outer shell and the inner shell, relatively independent first and second flow channels are formed, guiding the heat medium to flow along a preset path, so that the power generation component can absorb the heat transferred by the heat medium to the outer shell wall, while the heat medium contacts the noise reduction component when flowing through the second flow channel; by directly installing the power generation component on the outside of the first flow channel, the heat transfer path from the heat medium to the power generation component is shortened, improving the efficiency of waste heat recovery and energy conversion; by setting the noise reduction component in the second flow channel, the noise of the heat medium during the flow process can be reduced, so that the waste heat recovery function and the noise reduction function can be fully utilized in sequence.

[0050] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0052] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the waste heat recovery system provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure;

[0054] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the overall structure of the waste heat recovery system provided in the document;

[0055] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A first-view structural diagram of the inner shell in the provided waste heat recovery system;

[0056] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A second-view structural diagram of the inner shell in the provided waste heat recovery system;

[0057] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the solar collector in the waste heat recovery system is provided.

[0058] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the provided waste heat recovery system architecture;

[0059] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 A connection diagram of the waste heat recovery system is provided.

[0060] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the heat medium flow in the waste heat recovery system is provided.

[0061] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the waste heat recovery method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure;

[0062] Figure 10 This is a power matching method for the energy management component in the waste heat recovery method provided in the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure;

[0063] Figure 11 This is the energy management component boost / buck control method in the waste heat recovery method provided in the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure;

[0064] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the step-up / step-down circuit structure of the waste heat recovery system provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0065] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0066] 100. Waste heat recovery system;

[0067] 1. Solar collector; 101. Outer shell; 102. Inner shell; 1021. First connecting port; 1022. Second connecting port; 1023. Chamber; 1023a. First chamber; 1023b. Second chamber; 1023c. Third chamber; 1023d. Fourth chamber; 1023e. Fifth chamber; 103. First flow channel; 104. Second flow channel; 105. Input pipe; 106. Output pipe; 107. Passive regulating valve;

[0068] 2. Power generation components;

[0069] 3. Silencing components; 301. Partition plate; 302. Insert tube; 303. Sound absorber;

[0070] 4. Cooling components; 401. Water tank; 402. Water pump; 403. Liquid cooling plate; 404. Fan;

[0071] 5. Heat collection flow channel;

[0072] 6. Bypass channel;

[0073] 7. First active regulating valve;

[0074] 8. Second active regulating valve;

[0075] 9. Temperature sensor;

[0076] 10. Controller;

[0077] 11. Energy management components;

[0078] 200. Load;

[0079] 300. Energy storage devices. Detailed Implementation

[0080] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0081] According to the first aspect of this application, referring to Figures 1 to 3 A solar collector 1 is provided, comprising an outer shell 101 and an inner shell 102. The outer shell 101 is provided with an input pipe 105 and an output pipe 106, and the outer side of the outer shell 101 is used to install a power generation component 2. The inner shell 102 is disposed within the outer shell 101 at intervals, and a first communication port 1021 is opened on the portion of the inner shell 102 away from the input pipe 105, and a noise reduction component 3 is installed on the inner side. A first flow channel 103 is formed between the outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102, and the first flow channel 103 is connected to the input pipe 105. A second flow channel 104 is formed in the internal cavity of the inner shell 102, and the second flow channel 104 is connected to the output pipe 106. The first communication port 1021 connects the first flow channel 103 and the second flow channel 104.

[0082] It is understood that the outer shell 101 and inner shell 102 can be made of high-temperature resistant metal materials, such as stainless steel. The distance between the outer shell 101 and inner shell 102 is 5mm-15mm, which can be set according to actual needs, such as 5mm, 10mm, 15mm, etc. The input pipe 105 and output pipe 106 can have a circular cross-section, with a diameter adapted to the size of the external connection pipe. The first connection port 1021 can be circular or rectangular, and the opening size can ensure that the heat medium can flow smoothly from the first flow channel 103 into the second flow channel 104. The power generation component 2 includes a thermoelectric power generation module, which is closely attached to the outside of the outer shell 101. The noise reduction component 3 can be made of materials such as metal foam or porous ceramics and filled in the second flow channel 104 of the inner shell 102.

[0083] When the heat medium enters the first flow channel 103 from the input pipe 105, it flows through the inner side of the outer shell 101, and its heat is transferred to the power generation component 2 on the outer side through the outer shell 101, enabling the power generation component 2 to generate electricity using the temperature difference. When the heat medium enters the second flow channel 104 from the first connection port 1021, it passes through the sound-absorbing component 3 in the inner shell 102. The sound-absorbing component 3 absorbs and scatters sound waves through its porous structure, reducing the noise generated by the flow of the heat medium. Finally, the heat medium is discharged from the output pipe 106. At the same time, by setting the inner shell 102, the cavity between the inner shell 102 and the outer shell 101 (the first flow channel 103), and the outer shell 101, a three-layer barrier and attenuation structure is constructed to block the noise generated by the flow of the heat medium in the second flow channel 104. The inner shell 102 initially weakens the noise, the cavity (first flow channel 103) further attenuates the noise energy by utilizing the air acoustic impedance characteristics, and the outer shell 101 ultimately blocks the remaining noise from spreading outward. At the same time, the sound energy of the hot medium flowing in the first flow channel 103 can interfere with the noise in the second flow channel 104. Under the multiple effects, the radiation intensity of the flow noise to the external environment is reduced.

[0084] In some embodiments, by arranging and connecting the outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102, relatively independent first flow channel 103 and second flow channel 104 are formed. This allows the heat medium to flow along a preset path, enabling the heat medium to exchange heat with the power generation component 2 first in the first flow channel 103. This reduces the impact of the silencing component 3 on waste heat recovery and improves power generation efficiency. Simultaneously, the silencing component 3 is located in the second flow channel 104 to reduce noise, achieving functional zoning for waste heat recovery and noise reduction, thus improving the overall system performance. Furthermore, the overall layout of the arranging structure of the outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102 is compact, reducing space occupation and facilitating adaptation to various installation environments.

[0085] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The outer casing 101 includes a first upper shell and a first lower shell. By setting the outer casing 101 as a split structure of the first upper shell and the first lower shell, the assembly process of the solar collector 1 is simplified. During the production assembly stage, components such as the inner shell 102 and the power generation component 2 can be pre-installed on the first upper shell and the first lower shell respectively, and then the two parts can be connected and fixed by bolts, clips and other connectors, which improves assembly efficiency and reduces operational difficulty. At the same time, the split processing method reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the outer casing 101, reduces the risk of stress deformation during overall molding, and improves the structural stability of the outer casing 101.

[0086] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3The inner shell 102 includes a second upper shell and a second lower shell. By designing the inner shell 102 as a split structure consisting of a second upper shell and a second lower shell, during assembly, partitions 301, inserts 302, and sound absorbers 303 can be pre-installed in each part, and then connected and assembled, reducing the installation difficulty of the sound-absorbing structure and improving assembly efficiency. At the same time, split processing reduces the molding difficulty of the inner shell 102, reduces structural stress during overall manufacturing, and improves the dimensional accuracy and stability of the inner shell 102.

[0087] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 A support member is provided between the outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102 to maintain the distance between the outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102.

[0088] Understandably, the support components can be columnar or ribbed structures made of high-temperature resistant metal. By providing support components, the relative positions of the outer shell 101 and inner shell 102 can be stably maintained, ensuring the stability of the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the first flow channel 103, stabilizing the heated area when the heat medium flows through, and guaranteeing the heat absorption efficiency of the power generation component 2. Simultaneously, the support components can enhance the rigidity of the overall structure, reduce the impact of vehicle vibration on the collector 1, mitigate structural deformation caused by long-term use, extend the service life of the collector 1, and improve system stability.

[0089] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The outer shell 101 is provided with a first rib facing the inner shell 102, the first rib being used to maintain the distance between the outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102; and / or, the inner shell 102 is provided with a second rib facing the outer shell 101, the second rib being used to maintain the distance between the outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102.

[0090] It is understandable that the first rib is a block protrusion integrally formed on the outer shell 101, and the second rib is a block protrusion integrally formed on the inner shell 102. They can be set separately or they can abut against the first rib.

[0091] When the collector 1 is assembled with the outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102, if only the first rib is provided, its end is directly attached to the outer wall of the inner shell 102, and the distance between the two is limited by the structural strength of the rib; if only the second rib is provided, its top end contacts the inner wall of the outer shell 101 to form a support; if the first rib and the second rib are provided at the same time, the first rib and the second rib abut against each other.

[0092] In some embodiments, the outer shell 101 is provided with a first rib and / or the inner shell 102 is provided with a second rib. The ribs are integrally formed with the shell, which can stably maintain the relative position of the outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102, ensure the stability of the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the first flow channel 103, make the heated area stable when the heat medium flows through, and ensure the heat absorption efficiency of the power generation component 2.

[0093] In some embodiments, the first rib has a welding hole, or the outer shell 101 has a welding hole at a corresponding location to the second rib. By providing welding holes in the outer shell 101, the rib can be fixed to the corresponding shell through the welding holes, thereby enhancing the connection strength of the support structure and ensuring a stable distance between the outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102.

[0094] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102 are partially and tightly bonded together and welded. By bonding and welding the outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102 together and tightly bonded together, a rigid connection can be formed in the key stress parts, which enhances the overall structural strength of the collector 1 and resists the vibration and impact of the vehicle during driving and the pressure of the heat medium.

[0095] In some embodiments, the second flow channel 104 is divided into a multi-chamber structure 1023 by the partition 301, which, together with the through-through tube 302, forms a resistive noise reduction base. With the help of the sound absorber 303, resistive noise reduction is achieved. The composite noise reduction structure can reduce low- and mid-frequency noise through the acoustic characteristics of the chamber 1023 and the tube 302, and can also absorb mid- and high-frequency noise with the help of the sound absorber 303, thus broadening the noise reduction frequency band and improving the noise reduction effect.

[0096] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 In some embodiments, the inner shell 102 near the input pipe 105 is also provided with a second connection port 1022, which connects the first flow channel 103 and the second flow channel 104. The collector 1 also includes a passive regulating valve 107 disposed in the second connection port 1022, which can adjust the opening degree according to the pressure of the heat medium in the input pipe 105.

[0097] Understandably, the second connection port 1022 is located on the side wall of the inner shell 102 near the input pipe 105, and its shape can be circular or square. The passive regulating valve 107 includes a spring-loaded check valve or a diaphragm regulating valve, and the passive regulating valve 107 can adjust the opening degree according to the pressure of the hot medium.

[0098] When the heat medium pressure is within the normal range, the pressure in the first flow channel 103 is insufficient to overcome the elastic force of the passive regulating valve 107. The passive regulating valve 107 remains closed, and the heat medium flows entirely along the first flow channel 103, fully contacting the wall of the outer casing 101 to ensure heat absorption by the power generation component 2. When the heat medium pressure exceeds a preset threshold, the pressure pushes the valve plate of the passive regulating valve 107 to move, and the passive regulating valve 107 opens. Part of the heat medium directly enters the second flow channel 104 through the second connecting port 1022. The diverted heat medium flows along two separate paths and eventually merges and is discharged.

[0099] In some embodiments, adaptive regulation of the heat medium flow rate is achieved by providing a second communication port 1022 and installing a passive regulating valve 107 in the inner shell 102. When the engine operates under high load, causing the heat medium pressure to be too high, the passive regulating valve 107 automatically opens to divert the flow, preventing excessive pressure in the first flow channel 103 from damaging the structure, while ensuring smooth flow of the heat medium. Under normal operating conditions, the valve is closed, ensuring that the heat medium preferentially completes heat exchange through the first flow channel 103, taking into account both system safety and waste heat recovery efficiency, and requiring no external power drive, making the structure simple and reliable.

[0100] Reference Figures 2 to 5 In some embodiments, the input pipe 105 and the output pipe 106 are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the outer shell 101. The first connecting port 1021 is disposed on the side of the inner shell 102 near the output pipe 106, and the first connecting port 1021 is offset from the output pipe 106. The second connecting port 1022 is disposed on the side of the inner shell 102 near the input pipe 105. The inner shell 102 has a plurality of interconnected chambers 1023. The output pipe 106 and the first connecting port 1021 connect to different chambers 1023.

[0101] It is understood that the input pipe 105 and the output pipe 106 are respectively disposed on both sides of the outer shell 101 in the width direction. The outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102 are spaced apart in each direction. That is, the first flow channel 103 surrounds the inner shell 102, so that the first flow channel 103 extends from one side of the inner shell 102 to the first connecting port 1021 on the other side of the inner shell 102. The number of first connecting ports 1021 can be set according to the flow requirements, and one or more can be provided. Each first connecting port 1021 is staggered from the output pipe 106. For example, two first connecting ports 1021 can be distributed on both sides of the output pipe 106. The number of second connecting ports 1022 can be set according to the flow requirements, corresponding one-to-one with the input pipe 105. Multiple chambers 1023 can be provided within the inner shell 102, arranged along the length of the inner shell. The output pipe 106 connects to different chambers 1023 via the first connecting port 1021, allowing the hot medium flowing into the second flow channel 104 via the first connecting port 1021 to be discharged from the output pipe 106 after passing through the silencer 3. Therefore, the multiple chambers 1023 include at least two types of chambers 1023: one type connects to the output pipe 106, and the other type connects to the first connecting port 1021. The second connecting port 1022 can connect to any type of chamber 1023. The inner shell 105 is divided into five chambers 1023 along its length, namely, chamber 1023a, chamber 1023b, chamber 1023c, chamber 1023d, and chamber 1023e. All five chambers 1023 extend along the width of the inner shell 105, and adjacent chambers 1023 are interconnected. These five chambers constitute the second flow channel 104. Chamber 1023c is one type of chamber 1023, with the output pipe 106 connected to the end of chamber 1023c furthest from the input pipe 105. Chambers 1023a, 1023b, 1023d, and 1023e are another type of chamber 1023. Both first connection ports 1021 are located on the side of chamber 1023 near the output pipe 106. One first connection port 1021 connects to the first chamber 1023a and the second chamber 1023b, and the other first connection port 1021 connects to the fourth chamber 1023d and the fifth chamber 1023e. The second connection port 1022 is located on the side of chamber 1023 near the input pipe 105. The second connection port 1022 and the output pipe 106 are respectively located on both sides of the inner shell 102 in the width direction. The second connection port 1022 can connect to any chamber 1023, and the hot medium flowing in from the second connection port 1022 can fully contact the silencing component 3. If two second connection ports 1022 are provided, the two second connection ports 1022 connect to the second chamber 1023b and the fourth chamber 1023d respectively. In addition, the output pipe 106 is sealed to the outer shell 101 to prevent the hot medium from leaking.In some other embodiments, at least one of each type of chamber 1023 is provided, and the specific number can be set according to the flow requirements. The first flow channel 103 extends at least along one side of the inner shell 102 in the length direction or one side in the thickness direction to both sides in the width direction, thereby connecting the input pipe 105 and the first connecting port 1021.

[0102] When the hot medium enters the first flow channel 103 through the input pipe 105, because the second connecting port 1022 is located on the input side and the first connecting port 1021 is close to the output side and misaligned with the output pipe 106, the hot medium needs to flow from the input side to the output side along the first flow channel 103, fully contact the inner wall of the outer shell 101, and then enter the second flow channel 104 through the first connecting port 1021. It then flows from the chamber 1023 connected to the first connecting port 1021 to the chamber 1023 connected to the output pipe 106, and finally exits from the output pipe 106. When the passive regulating valve is open, some of the hot medium directly enters the second flow channel 104 from the second connecting port 1022 on the input side. However, because the first connecting port 1021 is misaligned with the output pipe 106, the hot medium in the second flow channel 104 still needs to flow through a certain path before exiting, avoiding direct impact on the output pipe 106.

[0103] In some embodiments, by separating the input pipe 105 and the output pipe 106 on opposite sides of the outer casing 101, with the first connecting port 1021 located near the output side and offset from the output pipe 106, and the second connecting port 1022 located on the input side, the flow path of the heat medium in the first flow channel 103 is extended, ensuring sufficient heat exchange between the heat medium and the outer casing 101 and improving the thermal energy utilization rate of the power generation component 2. Simultaneously, the offset design of the first connecting port 1021 and the output pipe 106, and the fact that the output pipe 106 and the first connecting port 1021 connect to different chambers 1023, allows the heat medium to be discharged after noise reduction, avoiding direct and rapid discharge of the heat medium and reducing flow noise. The input-side location of the second connecting port 1022 ensures timely diversion during passive adjustment, balancing heat exchange efficiency and system stability.

[0104] Reference Figure 2 In some embodiments, the housing 101 is provided with a plurality of input pipes 105, all of which are connected to the first flow channel 103.

[0105] It is understood that multiple input pipes 105 are spaced apart along the length of one side of the first flow channel 103, with a quantity of 2-4, and are welded to the side wall of the outer shell 101 or formed by the flange of the outer shell 101. When the hot medium enters the first flow channel 103 from the multiple input pipes 105, the hot medium is injected in a dispersed manner along the length of the flow channel, avoiding local airflow concentration caused by a single inlet, and making the initial airflow distribution in the first flow channel 103 more uniform.

[0106] In some embodiments, multiple input pipes 105 are arranged along the length of the first flow channel 103 to achieve segmented injection of the heat medium, avoid excessively high or low local temperatures in the flow channel, make the power generation component 2 more uniformly heated, and improve the stability of energy conversion.

[0107] In some embodiments, the collector 1 further includes a flow guide disposed in the first flow channel 103, the flow guide being used to disperse the heat medium flowing through the first flow channel 103.

[0108] It is understandable that the flow guide is a sheet-like flow splitting structure, and there are one or more flow guides. When the hot medium flows through the flow guide, it divides the airflow into multiple fine streams, so that the hot medium is evenly distributed in the first flow channel 103 and fully contacts the outer shell 101.

[0109] In some embodiments, by providing a flow guide within the first flow channel 103, the heat medium is further dispersed, the airflow dead zone is reduced, and the waste heat recovery efficiency is improved. The combination or separate arrangement of multiple input pipes 105 and flow guides can optimize the airflow state within the first flow channel 103, adapting to the exhaust gas output characteristics of engines with different displacements.

[0110] According to the second aspect of this application, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 6 A waste heat recovery system 100 is provided, including a heat collector 1, a power generation component 2 and a noise reduction component 3. The heat collector 1 is the heat collector 1 described above. The power generation component 2 is installed on the outside of the outer shell 101. The noise reduction component 3 is installed in the inner shell 102.

[0111] In some embodiments, by arranging and connecting the outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102, relatively independent first flow channel 103 and second flow channel 104 are formed. This allows the heat medium to flow along a preset path, enabling the heat medium to exchange heat with the power generation component 2 first in the first flow channel 103. This reduces the impact of the silencing component 3 on waste heat recovery and improves power generation efficiency. Simultaneously, the silencing component 3 is located in the second flow channel 104 to reduce noise, achieving functional zoning for waste heat recovery and noise reduction, thus improving the overall system performance. Furthermore, the overall layout of the arranging structure of the outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102 is compact, reducing space occupation and facilitating adaptation to various installation environments.

[0112] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 6 The waste heat recovery system 100 also includes a cooling component 4, which is at least partially located on the side of the power generation component 2 away from the collector 1.

[0113] The cooling assembly 4 includes a water tank 401, a water pump 402, water pipes, a fan 404, and a liquid cooling plate 403. The liquid cooling plate 403 is attached to the side of the power generation component 2 away from the collector 1 and is connected to the housing 101 by bolts. The inlet of the water pump 402 is connected to the outlet of the water tank 401 via a water pipe, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the liquid cooling plate 403 via a water pipe. The outlet of the liquid cooling plate 403 is connected to the corresponding heat dissipation area of ​​the fan 404 via a water pipe, and the cooled water flows back to the inlet of the water tank 401, forming a closed loop. In a vehicle scenario, one end of the modified T-connector is connected to the main engine coolant pipe, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the liquid cooling plate 403 via a water pipe with a flow control valve. The outlet of the liquid cooling plate 403 is connected back to the engine coolant return pipe via a water pipe. The fan 404 is positioned corresponding to the liquid cooling plate 403 or the engine radiator.

[0114] When cooling the cold end of the generator component 2, if independent cooling is used, the water pump 402 starts to pump the coolant in the water tank 401 into the liquid cooling plate 403. After absorbing heat, it is sent to the fan 404 through the water pipe for heat dissipation. After cooling, it flows back. If engine coolant is used, the flow control valve is opened and the engine coolant is diverted to the liquid cooling plate 403 through the three-way connector. After absorbing heat, it flows back into the engine water tank 401 and is cooled by the vehicle's original radiator.

[0115] In some embodiments, the cooling assembly 4, composed of components such as a water tank 401 and a water pump 402, can construct an independent cooling circuit to meet the cooling requirements of non-vehicle scenarios or special vehicle operating conditions. When applied to vehicles utilizing the engine cooling system, only the piping needs to be modified through a three-way connector and control valve, eliminating the need for the water tank 401 and an independent heat dissipation system, significantly reducing the overall structural volume and adapting to the limited space of the chassis. Simultaneously, reusing vehicle cooling resources reduces system manufacturing costs and curb weight.

[0116] Reference Figure 5 In some embodiments, the sound-absorbing component 3 includes a partition 301, a tube 302, and a sound absorber 303. The partition 301 is disposed in the inner shell 102, dividing the internal space of the inner shell 102 into multiple chambers 1023. The tube 302 passes through the partition 301 and connects the chambers 1023 on both sides of the partition 301. At least one chamber 1023 is provided with a sound absorber 303.

[0117] Understandably, 2-4 partitions 301 are spaced apart in the inner shell 102 along a direction perpendicular to the input pipe 105, dividing the second flow channel 104 into 3-5 series expansion chambers 1023. A first support plate is provided in the inner shell 102 to support the partitions 301. The insertion tube 302 can be a hollow tube made of stainless steel, and at least one insertion tube 302 is provided on each partition 301, with the insertion tube 302 penetrating at least one partition 301. The sidewall of the insertion tube 302 has multiple through holes for guiding airflow. A sound absorber 303 can be provided in the chamber 1023, and the sound absorber 303 includes foam metal, glass wool, or rock wool. A second support plate is also provided in the chamber 1023 to support the sound absorber 303.

[0118] The heat medium enters the initial chamber 1023 of the second flow channel 104 through the first connection port 1021. The heat medium diffuses within the chamber 1023, and some airflow directly impacts the partition 301. Sound waves are reflected and interfered within the chamber 1023, initially reducing noise. When the heat medium enters the subsequent chamber 1023 through the insertion tube 302, the sound absorber 303 in the chamber 1023 absorbs the noise generated by the airflow. At the same time, the airflow flows between chambers 1023 of different volumes, further attenuating the sound waves. The noise-reduced heat medium flows towards the output pipe 106.

[0119] Reference Figure 7 In some embodiments, the waste heat recovery system 100 further includes a heat collection channel 5, a bypass channel 6, a first active regulating valve 7, and a second active regulating valve 8. The heat collection channel 5 is connected to the input pipe 105; one end of the bypass channel 6 is connected to the input end of the heat collection channel 5, and the other end is connected to the output pipe 106; the first active regulating valve 7 is disposed in the heat collection channel 5 and is used to control the opening degree of the heat collection channel 5; the second active regulating valve 8 is disposed in the bypass channel 6 and is used to control the opening degree of the bypass channel 6.

[0120] Understandably, one end of the collector flow channel 5 is connected to the input pipe 105, and the other end is connected to the first flow channel 103 of the collector 1, with a pipe diameter adapted to the input pipe 105. The bypass flow channel 6 is connected at both ends to the input end of the collector flow channel 5 and the output pipe 106, forming a passage parallel to the collector 1. The first active regulating valve 7 and the second active regulating valve 8 are solenoid valves, controlled by the vehicle ECU (Electronic Control Unit), and their opening degree can be adjusted.

[0121] Full operating condition: When the engine is under low operating conditions, the flow rate and temperature of the heat medium are small, and the pressure acting on the passive regulating valve 107 is insufficient to resist the preload. Almost all the heat medium flows along the first flow channel 103 between the outer shell 101 and the inner shell 102, passes through the inner wall of the outer shell 101, and then flows into the second flow channel 104 through the first connecting port 1021 on the rear side of the inner shell 102 before being discharged after contacting the muffler 3 (e.g., Figure 1 (As shown in the later stages of Line 1 and Line 2), to maximize the utilization of exhaust gas thermal energy.

[0122] Near-protection state: As engine operating conditions continue to increase, the flow rate of the heat transfer medium increases, and the temperature rises. If all the heat transfer medium directly contacts the inner wall of the housing 101, the temperature of the hot end of the generator component 2 may exceed its limit temperature resistance, causing irreversible damage. At this time, the pressure of the heat transfer medium causes the passive regulating valve 107 to open, and part of the heat transfer medium will directly pass through the second connecting port 1022 on the inner housing 102 and then through the passive regulating valve 107 into the second flow channel 104 of the inner housing 102 (e.g., Figure 1 As shown in line 2), another part of the heat medium will still follow the original path along the first flow channel 103 into the second flow channel 104 (as shown in line 2). Figure 1 As shown in circuit 1, the ratio of these two heat media varies with the opening of the passive regulating valve 107. Since the flow rate of the heat media flowing through the area where the power generation component 2 is arranged decreases at this time, the temperature will also decrease. At this time, the power generation component 2 will still operate below its limit temperature.

[0123] Protection State: Since the opening and closing of the passive regulating valve 107 is entirely determined by the pressure of the hot medium acting on the valve, it relies on the mechanical properties of the structure and cannot be actively controlled. Furthermore, when the engine operating conditions exceed a certain threshold, even if the passive regulating valve 107 is fully open, it may not guarantee that the hot end temperature of the generator component 2 will not exceed its limit temperature resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to control the second active regulating valve 8 to open and the first active regulating valve 7 to gradually close (the second active regulating valve 8 is initially closed, and the first active regulating valve 7 is initially fully open). A portion of the hot medium will be discharged directly along the bypass channel 6, instead of flowing through the heat collector 1. The temperature sensor 9 collects temperature signals and sends them to the controller 10 (ECU). The controller 10 adjusts the opening degree of the first active regulating valve 7 in real time according to the temperature, thereby controlling the total flow rate of the hot medium entering the entire waste heat recovery system 100 at the input end, providing better safety assurance. However, as the closing angle of the first active regulating valve 7 increases, the back pressure of the entire system also increases. Therefore, in this operating mode, the first active regulating valve 7 and the second active regulating valve 8 will only enter the working state when the passive regulating valve 107 is fully open. By adjusting the active and passive valves, the temperature range that the entire system can withstand will be increased, making it suitable for a wider range of engine operating conditions. Most of the heat in the heat medium will flow through the heat collector 1, resulting in high thermal energy utilization.

[0124] Resting state: When both the passive regulating valve 107 and the second active regulating valve 8 are fully open, and the closing angle of the first active regulating valve 7 exceeds a preset angle (e.g., 45°), if the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 9 still exceeds the temperature resistance limit of the power generation component 2, the first active regulating valve 7 is controlled to fully close. At this time, all heat medium will be discharged along the bypass channel 6 without passing through the collector 1. This working mode is a final protection measure for the collector 1. At this time, there is residual heat, and the system will not stop working immediately.

[0125] In some embodiments, active control of the heat medium flow direction is achieved by setting up the heat collection channel 5, the bypass channel 6, and the corresponding active regulating valve. By linking the second active regulating valve 8 with the first active regulating valve 7, the valve intervenes to divert the flow after the passive regulation fails, avoiding premature opening that would reduce the waste heat recovery efficiency. The active regulation mechanism and the passive regulating valve 107 form a progressive protection system, ensuring that the heat medium fully participates in heat exchange under normal operating conditions, and also rapidly reducing the load on the heat collector 1 through the bypass channel 6 in extreme cases. This maximizes waste heat utilization efficiency while ensuring the safety of the power generation component 2, improving the accuracy and reliability of system operation.

[0126] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8 In some embodiments, the waste heat recovery system 100 further includes a temperature sensor 9 and a controller 10. The temperature sensor 9 is located in the heat collection channel 5 and is used to detect the temperature of the heat medium flowing through the heat collection channel 5. The controller 10 is electrically connected to the temperature sensor 9, the first active regulating valve 7 and the second active regulating valve 8. The controller 10 controls the opening degree of the first active regulating valve 7 and the second active regulating valve 8 according to the temperature of the heat medium flowing through the heat collection channel 5.

[0127] Understandably, the temperature sensor 9 can be a thermocouple or a resistance temperature detector (RTD) type, installed on the inner wall of the heat collection channel 5, and in direct contact with the heat medium. The controller 10 is an electronic module with data processing and execution control functions, which can be integrated into the vehicle's electronic control unit or set up independently. It establishes electrical connections with the temperature sensor 9, the first active regulating valve 7, and the second active regulating valve 8 through wires, and has built-in preset temperature thresholds and regulation logic programs.

[0128] When the temperature of the heat medium is below the preset safety threshold, the temperature sensor 9 transmits the detection signal to the controller 10. The controller 10 determines that no flow diversion is needed, keeping the first active regulating valve 7 fully open and the second active regulating valve 8 fully closed, allowing all the heat medium to enter the collector 1 through the heat collection channel 5. When the temperature of the heat medium reaches or exceeds the preset threshold, the temperature sensor 9 feeds back data to the controller 10 in real time. The controller 10 controls the first active regulating valve 7 to gradually decrease its opening according to the magnitude of the temperature exceedance, while simultaneously controlling the second active regulating valve 8 to increase its opening, until the temperature falls back to the safe range or reaches an extreme protection state.

[0129] In some embodiments, by setting up a temperature sensor 9 and a controller 10, real-time monitoring of the heat medium temperature and intelligent control of the active regulating valve are achieved. The controller 10 dynamically adjusts the opening of the two valves according to the temperature signal, so that the heat medium flow distribution is accurately adapted to temperature changes, which not only avoids damage to the power generation component 2 due to excessive temperature, but also reduces unnecessary diversion to maintain waste heat recovery efficiency. The closed-loop control mechanism improves the system's response speed and adjustment accuracy to temperature changes, and enhances the safety and stability of the waste heat recovery system 100.

[0130] In some examples, an engine power sensor can be installed to monitor engine power. This sensor is mounted on the engine output shaft or fuel injection system to obtain real-time engine operating status. Alternatively, a power monitoring module can be installed at the output of generator 2 to collect voltage and current data to calculate output power.

[0131] When the engine power is in the low-load range, the output power of the generator 2 is below the rated operating power. The monitoring data is fed back to the controller 10. The controller 10 determines that the energy of the heat medium is limited, and keeps the first active regulating valve 7 fully open and the second active regulating valve 8 fully closed to prioritize the recovery of all waste heat. When the engine power suddenly increases, causing the temperature of the heat medium to reach the threshold or the output power of the generator 2 has reached the rated operating power, the controller 10, based on the monitoring data, controls the first active regulating valve 7 to close appropriately and the second active regulating valve 8 to open appropriately, diverting part of the heat medium through the bypass channel 6 to avoid overloading the generator 2.

[0132] In some embodiments, by increasing the monitoring of engine power and the output power of generator 2, the controller 10 can sense the system status from the energy source and conversion terminal, thereby controlling the opening of the first active regulating valve 7 and the second active regulating valve 8, and controlling the flow direction of the heat medium. Furthermore, the engine power and the output power of generator 2 can be combined with temperature monitoring; multi-parameter coordinated control can predict changes in heat load in advance, ensuring the safety of generator 2 while further improving the timeliness of waste heat recovery control and ensuring stable system operation.

[0133] Reference Figure 6 In some embodiments, the waste heat recovery system 100 further includes an energy management component 11, which is connected to the power generation component 2. The power generation component 2 inputs first electrical energy to the energy management component 11. The energy management component 11 is used to convert the voltage and / or current of the first electrical energy to output second electrical energy. The energy management component 11 is electrically connected to the load 200 and / or the energy storage device 300 to output the second electrical energy to the load 200 and / or the energy storage device 300.

[0134] Understandably, the energy management component 11 may include a DC-DC converter, a power distribution module, and a protection circuit. The DC-DC converter converts the unstable voltage output from the generator 2 into a constant value. The power distribution module has multiple output interfaces, and the protection circuit includes overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection functions. The load 200 may include electrical equipment such as vehicle lights, air conditioning, and in-vehicle entertainment systems. The energy storage device 300 may be an on-board battery or capacitor, connected to the energy management component 11 via wires, and supports charging and discharging status monitoring.

[0135] When the output voltage and current of the generator 2 are unstable due to temperature fluctuations in the heat transfer medium, the DC-DC converter of the energy management component 11 converts it into a second type of electrical energy with stable voltage. The power distribution module, according to preset priorities, first meets the power needs of critical loads 200 such as the vehicle starter motor, and the remaining electrical energy is stored in the energy storage device 300. When the output power of the generator 2 is insufficient, the energy management component 11 switches to a discharge mode, controlling the energy storage device 300 and the generator 2 to work together to supply power to the load 200, maintaining stable power supply.

[0136] In some embodiments, by setting up an energy management component 11, the conversion and intelligent distribution of electrical energy output from the power generation component 2 are realized. The unstable first electrical energy is converted into a second electrical energy adapted to the load 200 and the energy storage device 300, solving the problem of output fluctuation in thermoelectric conversion. At the same time, by dynamically adjusting the direction of electrical energy flow, the power supply to the load 200 is ensured to be stable, the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage device 300 is improved, the utilization of exhaust heat energy is maximized, and the consumption of the vehicle's main power supply is reduced.

[0137] According to the third aspect of this application, referring to Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 9 A waste heat recovery method is provided, applied to the aforementioned waste heat recovery system 100. The waste heat recovery method includes:

[0138] S101. Obtain the operating parameters of the heat medium in the waste heat recovery system 100, including at least one of pressure and temperature;

[0139] Understandably, when the pressure of the first preset condition is less than or equal to the preset pressure, and the temperature is less than or equal to the first preset temperature, the passive regulating valve 107 closes, the first active regulating valve 7 opens, and the second active regulating valve 8 closes.

[0140] S102. When the operating parameters are under the first preset conditions, the control heat medium passes through the input pipe 105, the first flow channel 103, the first connecting port 1021, the second flow channel 104 and the output pipe 106 in sequence.

[0141] Understandably, when the operating parameters are under the first preset condition, the entire heat medium is controlled to flow through the first flow channel 103 to maximize the utilization of the heat medium's heat and improve thermal energy utilization. Then, the heat medium flows out through the second flow channel 104, and during its flow through the second flow channel 104, it undergoes noise reduction treatment by the noise-reducing component 3 to reduce flow noise.

[0142] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 10 In some embodiments, the waste heat recovery method further includes:

[0143] When the operating parameters are under the first preset conditions (such as pressure ≤ preset pressure, temperature ≤ first preset temperature), the passive regulating valve 107 closes, the first active regulating valve 7 opens, the second active regulating valve 8 closes, and all the heat medium flows through the first flow channel 103.

[0144] In some cases, the system is operating at full capacity, with low flow rate and temperature of the heat medium, failing to meet the opening conditions of the passive regulating valve 107. The closure of the passive regulating valve 107 prevents the heat medium from directly entering the second flow channel 104. The opening of the first active regulating valve 7 and the closing of the second active regulating valve 8 ensure that all the heat medium enters the first flow channel 103 via the heat collection channel 5, making full contact with the outer casing 101 before flowing to the second flow channel 104. This ensures that the hot end of the power generation component 2 is in its optimal operating range, achieving efficient waste heat recovery.

[0145] When the operating parameters are under the second preset conditions (e.g., pressure > preset pressure, temperature ≤ first preset temperature), the passive regulating valve 107 opens, the first active regulating valve 7 opens, the second active regulating valve 8 closes, a portion of the heat medium flows into the first flow channel 103, and the other portion of the heat medium flows into the second flow channel 104 through the passive regulating valve 107.

[0146] In some cases, the system is in a near-protection state, with increased flow of the heat medium but the temperature not exceeding the safe range. Pressure drives the passive regulating valve 107 to open, creating a flow diversion. The first active regulating valve 7 remains open, while the second active regulating valve 8 remains closed. Part of the heat medium flows along the first flow channel 103 to maintain heat exchange, while the other part directly enters the second flow channel 104 through the passive regulating valve 107. By reducing the flow rate in the first flow channel 103, excessive temperature rise at the hot end of the power generation component 2 is avoided, while maximizing waste heat recovery.

[0147] When the operating parameters are under the third preset conditions (such as pressure > preset pressure, temperature > first preset temperature, and the opening of the first active regulating valve 7 is not less than 50%), the passive regulating valve 107 opens, the first active regulating valve 7 opens, and the second active regulating valve 8 opens. The heat medium is diverted to the heat collection channel 5 and the bypass channel 6. Part of the heat medium in the heat collection channel 5 flows into the first channel 103, and the other part flows into the second channel 104 through the passive regulating valve 107.

[0148] In some cases, the system is in a protection state, with a large flow rate of the heat medium and a temperature close to the threshold. Simultaneously, the passive regulating valve 107 opens, and the two active regulating valves open to form a dual flow diversion. Part of the heat medium enters the first flow channel 103 and the passive regulating valve 107 via the heat collection channel 5, while the rest is directly discharged via the bypass channel 6. The temperature is controlled by reducing the proportion of heat medium entering the first flow channel 103. At this time, the first active regulating valve 7 maintains a large opening to balance recovery efficiency and system protection.

[0149] When the operating parameters are at the fourth preset condition (such as pressure > preset pressure, temperature > first preset temperature, and the opening of the first active regulating valve 7 is less than 50%), the first active regulating valve 7 closes, the second active regulating valve 8 opens, and all the hot medium flows into the bypass channel 6.

[0150] In some cases, the system is in a dormant state, and the temperature continues to rise beyond the regulation limit. The first active regulating valve 7 is completely closed, and the second active regulating valve 8 is opened, so that all the heat medium is discharged through the bypass channel 6, completely blocking the path to the collector 1, preventing the high-temperature heat medium from contacting the power generation component 2, preventing irreversible damage, and realizing system protection.

[0151] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 10 In some embodiments, the waste heat recovery system 100 further includes an energy management component 11 connected to the load 200 and the energy storage device 300, and the waste heat recovery method further includes:

[0152] When P in ≥P out At that time, the power generation component 2 outputs first electrical energy to the energy management component 11, and the energy management component 11 outputs second electrical energy based on the first electrical energy;

[0153] The power of the second electrical energy is matched to the power of load 200 to supply power to load 200; or,

[0154] The power of the second electrical energy is matched with the power of the energy storage device 300 to supply power to the energy storage device 300; or,

[0155] The power of the second electrical energy is matched with the power of the load 200 and the energy storage device 300 to supply power to the load 200 and the energy storage device 300.

[0156] In some examples, when P in ≥P out When the output power of the power generation component 2 is not less than the power consumption of the load 200, the first electrical energy generated by the power generation component 2 is delivered to the energy management component 11. The energy management component 11 converts the unstable first electrical energy into a second electrical energy with constant voltage and current through its internal voltage / current conversion module.

[0157] If the energy storage device 300 is not fully charged at this time, the energy management component 11 adjusts the power of the second electrical energy to match the power of the load 200 and the energy storage device 300. Part of the electrical energy is directly supplied to the load 200 to meet the immediate power demand, and the other part of the electrical energy is input into the energy storage device 300 for storage according to the charging specifications. If the energy storage device 300 is fully charged, the energy management component 11 makes the power of the second electrical energy match only the power of the load 200, and all the electrical energy is used to supply power to the load 200 to avoid overcharging the energy storage device 300. If the load 200 is in a low power consumption or idle state, the power of the second electrical energy is adapted to the charging power of the energy storage device 300, and the electrical energy is stored first.

[0158] When P in <P out At that time, the power generation component 2 generates electricity at its maximum power output, and the power generation component 2 and the energy storage device 300 simultaneously supply power to the load 200.

[0159] Among them, P in P is the output power of generator component 2. out This is the power consumption of a load of 200.

[0160] In some examples, when P in <P out When the output power of generator 2 is less than the power consumption of load 200, generator 2 automatically operates at its maximum power and outputs first electrical energy, which is converted into second electrical energy by energy management component 11 and supplied to load 200. At the same time, energy management component 11 controls energy storage device 300 to discharge. The electrical energy released by energy storage device 300 works synergistically with the second electrical energy output by generator 2, and the total power of the two matches the power consumption of load 200, ensuring that load 200 receives a stable and sufficient power supply and preventing abnormal operation of load 200 due to insufficient power of generator 2.

[0161] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 11 In some embodiments, the waste heat recovery method further includes:

[0162] Understandably, referring to Figure 12 The energy management component 11 includes a buck-boost circuit. According to V... in V out Determine the working mode and perform the following vector processing:

[0163] Table 1 Switch states for various modes of a buck-boost circuit.

[0164] S1 S2 Va Vb VL vector 0 0 0 U0 -U0 V0 0 1 0 0 0 V1 1 0 Uin U0 Uin-U0 V2 1 1 Uin 0 Uin V3

[0165] The above four scenarios cover all switch switching modes, with 0 representing a switch off. Different vector combinations are used, and the sign indicates whether voltage is boosted or bucked.

[0166] Table 2. Comparison of various modes for a buck-boost circuit.

[0167]

[0168] When V in ≤D1*V out At this time, the energy management component 11 is in boost mode;

[0169] In some examples, when V in ≤D1*V out At this time, the voltage generated by generator 2 is lower than the product of the duty cycle and the voltage consumed by load 200, and energy management component 11 enters boost mode. Energy management component 11, through the periodic switching of its internal switching transistors, utilizes the energy storage and release characteristics of the inductor to boost the voltage of the lower voltage. in Upgraded to V for a load capacity of 200 out For example, if the duty cycle D1 is 0.67 and the load voltage is V, out The voltage is 15V, when the generator part 2 generates voltage V. in When the voltage is ≤10V, the boost mode is activated to ensure that the output voltage is stable at 15V, which meets the power demand of a 200V load.

[0170] When D1*V out <V in <V out When / (1-D2), the energy management component 11 adjusts to buck-boost mode according to the input voltage.

[0171] In some examples, when D1*V out <V in <V out When / (1-D2), the voltage generated by generator 2 is between the two critical voltages corresponding to the operating duty cycle, and energy management component 11 switches to buck-boost mode. At this time, the circuit adjusts the voltage based on the real-time detected V. in With target V out The difference in voltage is dynamically adjusted to change the on-time of the switching transistor, flexibly achieving small voltage increases or decreases. With D1 = 0.67, D2 = 0.33, V... out For example, with 15V, when 10V... <V in When V < 22.5V, if V in If the voltage is 12V, then boost it to 15V. in If the voltage is 18V, it will be slightly reduced to 15V to maintain a stable output voltage.

[0172] When V in ≥Vout When / (1-D2), the energy management component 11 is in buck mode;

[0173] V in The voltage generated by generator component 2 is V. out D1 is the voltage used by the load 200, D2 is the duty cycle of the energy management component 11 in boost mode, D2 is the duty cycle of the energy management component 11 in buck mode, and D1+D2=1.

[0174] In some examples, when V in ≥V out When / (1-D2): The voltage generated by generator 2 is higher than the ratio of the voltage used by load 200 to (1-D2), and energy management component 11 enters buck mode. The circuit supplies power to load 200 by controlling the inductor to store energy when the switch is turned on and to release energy when the switch is turned off, thus reducing the voltage of the higher V. in Decrease to V out Still using D2 = 0.33, V out For example, with a voltage of 15V, when V in When the voltage is ≥22.5V, the buck mode is activated, converting the high voltage to a stable 15V voltage to prevent the load from being damaged by excessively high voltage.

[0175] According to a fourth aspect of this application, a vehicle is provided, including the aforementioned solar collector 1, the aforementioned waste heat recovery system 100, or applying the aforementioned waste heat recovery method. This vehicle possesses all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned solar collector 1, the aforementioned waste heat recovery system 100, or the aforementioned waste heat recovery method, which will not be elaborated upon herein.

[0176] The vehicle may be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or a new energy vehicle, etc., and this disclosure does not make any specific restrictions.

[0177] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0178] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0179] The embodiments, implementation methods, and related technical features of this application can be combined and substituted for each other without conflict.

[0180] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. A solar collector, characterized in that, include: The housing is provided with an input pipe and an output pipe, and the outer side of the housing is used to install the power generation components; An inner shell is spaced within the outer shell, and a first communication port is provided on the portion of the inner shell away from the input pipe, with a sound-absorbing component installed on the inner side. A first flow channel is formed between the outer shell and the inner shell, and the first flow channel is connected to the input pipe. A second flow channel is formed in the internal cavity of the inner shell, and the second flow channel is connected to the output pipe. The first connection port connects the first flow channel and the second flow channel.

2. The solar collector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner shell near the input pipe is also provided with a second connection port, which connects the first flow channel and the second flow channel. The collector also includes a passive regulating valve disposed at the second connection port, which can adjust the opening degree according to the pressure of the heat medium in the input pipe.

3. The solar collector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The input pipe and the output pipe are respectively located on opposite sides of the outer shell. The first connecting port is located on the inner shell near the output pipe and is offset from the output pipe. The second connecting port is located on the inner shell near the input pipe. The inner shell has multiple interconnected chambers, and the output pipe communicates with different chambers via the first connecting port.

4. The solar collector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer casing is provided with a plurality of input pipes, all of which are connected to the first flow channel; and / or; The collector further includes a flow guide disposed in the first flow channel, the flow guide being used to disperse the heat medium flowing through the first flow channel.

5. A waste heat recovery system, characterized in that, include: The solar collector is the solar collector described in any one of claims 1-4; The power generation component is installed on the outside of the housing; A noise-absorbing component is installed in the inner shell.

6. The waste heat recovery system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The waste heat recovery system also includes a cooling component, which is at least partially located on the side of the power generation component away from the solar collector.

7. The waste heat recovery system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The noise reduction component includes: A partition is disposed in the inner shell, dividing the internal space of the inner shell into multiple chambers; Insert a cannula through the partition and connect the chambers on both sides of the partition; A sound absorber is provided in at least one of the chambers.

8. The waste heat recovery system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The waste heat recovery system also includes: The heat collection channel is connected to the input pipe; A bypass channel, one end of which is connected to the input end of the heat collection channel, and the other end of which is connected to the output pipe; A first active regulating valve is disposed in the heat collection channel and is used to control the opening degree of the heat collection channel; A second active regulating valve is disposed in the bypass channel and is used to control the opening degree of the bypass channel.

9. The waste heat recovery system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The waste heat recovery system also includes: A temperature sensor is installed in the heat collection channel to detect the temperature of the heat medium flowing through the heat collection channel; The controller is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, the first active regulating valve, and the second active regulating valve. The controller controls the opening degree of the first active regulating valve and the second active regulating valve according to the temperature of the heat medium flowing through the heat collection channel.

10. The waste heat recovery system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The waste heat recovery system further includes an energy management component, which is connected to the power generation component. The power generation component inputs a first electrical energy into the energy management component. The energy management component is used to convert the voltage and / or current of the first electrical energy to output a second electrical energy. The energy management component is electrically connected to a load and / or an energy storage device and is used to output the second electrical energy to the load and / or the energy storage device.

11. A waste heat recovery method, characterized in that, The waste heat recovery method is applied to the waste heat recovery system according to any one of claims 5-10, and includes: Obtain the operating parameters of the heat medium in the waste heat recovery system, wherein the operating parameters include at least one of pressure and temperature; When the operating parameters are under the first preset conditions, the control heat medium passes through the input pipe, the first flow channel, the first connecting port, the second flow channel and the output pipe in sequence.

12. The waste heat recovery method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The waste heat recovery method further includes: When the operating parameters are under the first preset conditions, the entire heat medium flows through the first flow channel; When the operating parameters are under the second preset conditions, a portion of the heat medium flows into the first flow channel, and the other portion of the heat medium flows into the second flow channel through the second connecting port; When the operating parameters are under the third preset condition, the heat medium is diverted to the heat collection channel and the bypass channel. Part of the heat medium in the heat collection channel flows into the first channel, and the other part flows into the second channel through the second connecting port. When the operating parameters are under the fourth preset condition, all the heat medium flows into the bypass channel.

13. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the solar collector according to any one of claims 1-4, or the waste heat recovery system according to any one of claims 5-10, or the waste heat recovery method according to any one of claims 11-12.

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