Injectors, engines and vehicles

Abstract

This application discloses a fuel injector, engine, and vehicle. The fuel injector includes a valve body, a needle valve, a fuel injection assembly, and a cooling assembly. The valve body has an oil passage, and the valve body has a first end and a second end along the axial direction of the oil passage. The first end has an oil inlet hole communicating with the oil passage. The needle valve is installed in the valve body, with one end extending into the oil passage, and the needle valve is movable along the axial direction of the oil passage. The nozzle assembly is detachably installed in the second end of the valve body, and the nozzle assembly has a spray hole communicating with the oil passage. The cooling assembly includes a cooling pipe and a heat-conducting element. The cooling pipe is installed in the valve body, and the heat-conducting element is installed on the outer peripheral wall of the valve body. The fuel injector disclosed in this application can reduce the probability of fuel injector clogging, extend its service life, and is simple to disassemble and maintain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of vehicle technology, and particularly relates to an injector, an engine, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] The fuel injector is a key component of the engine's fuel injection system, atomizing fuel through tiny nozzles. However, in actual use, impurities and carbon deposits in the fuel easily accumulate inside the nozzles, causing frequent injector clogging and affecting engine performance. Furthermore, because fuel injectors are typically molded as a single unit, they cannot be easily disassembled and replaced. This limits the precision adjustment and installation by mechanics after cleaning carbon deposits. If the injector nozzles are clogged, physical cleaning alone may not achieve optimal maintenance results, sometimes requiring replacement with a new injector. However, the disassembly and installation process is complex and time-consuming. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes an injector, engine, and vehicle that reduces the probability of injector clogging, extends service life, and simplifies disassembly and maintenance.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides an injector, comprising: The valve body has an oil passage, and the valve body has a first end and a second end in the axial direction of the oil passage. The first end has an oil inlet hole that communicates with the oil passage. A needle valve is installed in the valve body, with one end extending into the oil passage. The needle valve is movable along the axial direction of the oil passage. The nozzle assembly is detachably installed at the second end of the valve body, and the nozzle assembly is provided with a spray hole that communicates with the oil passage. The cooling assembly includes cooling pipes and heat-conducting components. The cooling pipes are installed inside the valve body, and the heat-conducting components are installed on the outer peripheral wall of the valve body.

[0005] According to the injector of this application, the axial movement of the needle valve within the oil passage achieves precise control of the nozzle opening and closing, ensuring the response speed and injection accuracy of the injection process. By detachably installing the nozzle assembly at the second end of the valve body, when carbon buildup and blockage occur in the nozzle, the operator can easily remove the nozzle assembly from the valve body for individual cleaning or direct replacement with a new nozzle assembly, without scrapping the entire injector or disassembling it along with the valve body. This significantly simplifies maintenance procedures, shortens maintenance time, and substantially reduces maintenance costs. Simultaneously, by incorporating a cooling assembly including cooling pipes and heat-conducting components, the cooling pipes circulate heat away from the valve body through a cooling medium, while the heat-conducting components enhance heat dissipation from the outer peripheral wall of the valve body. This synergistic effect efficiently cools the valve body and the nozzle assembly installed at the second end of the valve body, effectively suppressing the carbon buildup rate under high-temperature conditions, reducing the likelihood of nozzle blockage at the source, and extending the injector's service life.

[0006] According to one embodiment of this application, the cooling pipe includes an inlet pipe section, an outlet pipe section, and a spiral pipe section. The inlet pipe section and the outlet pipe section both extend along the extension direction of the oil passage. The spiral pipe section connects the inlet pipe section and the outlet pipe section and spirals around the periphery of the oil passage.

[0007] According to one embodiment of this application, the outer peripheral wall of the valve body is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation grooves, which extend along the extension direction of the oil passage and are spaced apart circumferentially along the valve body.

[0008] According to one embodiment of this application, at least one heat dissipation groove is provided with a heat-conducting element, and the heat-conducting element is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation holes.

[0009] According to one embodiment of this application, the nozzle assembly includes: The mounting component is detachably connected to the second end of the valve body. The mounting component is provided with an oil passage hole that communicates with the oil passage, and the end of the needle valve extends into the oil passage hole. The filter element is located inside the oil passage hole; The nozzle is installed on the side of the mounting component away from the valve body, and the nozzle has multiple spray holes that communicate with the oil passage.

[0010] According to one embodiment of this application, the mounting component includes a body and a connecting portion. The connecting portion is located on the side of the body facing the valve body, and the connecting portion is annular, extending circumferentially along the valve body. The inner circumferential surface of the connecting portion is threadedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the second end of the valve body. A positioning bolt is provided on the connecting portion, and the positioning bolt passes through the connecting portion and is connected to the valve body.

[0011] According to one embodiment of this application, a positioning ring is provided on the side of the body facing the valve body, and the positioning ring and the connecting part are spaced apart along the radial direction of the body; a sealing element is provided on the side of the positioning ring facing the oil passage hole; a positioning groove is provided at the second end of the valve body, and the positioning ring and the sealing element are both embedded in the positioning groove; the positioning bolt passes through the connecting part and the valve body in sequence, and is threadedly connected to the positioning ring.

[0012] According to one embodiment of this application, the filter element has a receiving groove on the side facing the oil passage; and / or, The inner wall of the oil passage is equipped with a limiting ring, and the filter element is supported on the side of the limiting ring facing the oil passage.

[0013] According to one embodiment of this application, the first end of the valve body is provided with a plurality of positioning portions spaced apart along its circumference.

[0014] Secondly, this application provides an engine comprising: Organism; The injector of any of the technical solutions in the first aspect is installed on the engine body.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the engine provided in the second aspect of this application are the same as those of the injector provided in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0016] Thirdly, this application provides a vehicle comprising: Vehicle body; The second aspect is the engine, which is mounted on the vehicle body.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the vehicle provided in the third aspect of this application are the same as those of the engine provided in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an injector provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the injector provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cooling pipes provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a nozzle assembly provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 5 These are schematic diagrams of the engine structure provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 6 These are schematic diagrams of the vehicle structure provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0020] Figure label: 1000, Vehicle; 100, Engine; 10, Injector; 1, Valve Body; 11, Oil Passage; 12, First End; 13, Second End; 14, Oil Tank; 15, Oil Inlet; 16, Cooling Tank; 17, Positioning Tank; 18, Positioning Part; 2, Needle Valve; 3, Nozzle Assembly; 31, Mounting Component; 311, Body; 312, Connecting Part; 313, Oil Passing Hole; 32, Filter Component; 321, Receiving Tank; 33, Nozzle; 331, Spray Orifice; 34, Positioning Ring; 35, Seal Component; 36, Positioning Bolt; 37, Limiting Ring; 4, Cooling Assembly; 41, Cooling Pipe; 411, Inlet Pipe Section; 412, Outlet Pipe Section; 413, Spiral Pipe Section; 42, Heat Conducting Component; 20, Engine Body; 200, Vehicle Body. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Fuel injectors are a key component of modern internal combustion engines. Their primary function is to atomize fuel into tiny particles and inject them into the engine cylinders for mixing with air and combustion. Specifically, the fuel pump draws fuel from the fuel tank and pressurizes it to a higher pressure level. The fuel filter then removes any impurities and particles, ensuring fuel purity. The filtered fuel is then delivered to the fuel rail, a high-pressure vessel responsible for stabilizing fuel pressure and distributing it to the injectors. The injectors, based on control signals from the engine control unit (ECU), inject fuel into the engine cylinders at the appropriate time. The ECU is a complex electronic system that monitors and adjusts various engine parameters, including fuel injection quantity and timing, to ensure efficient and smooth engine operation under various working conditions. Through precise control of the injection process, the collaboration between the injectors and the ECU significantly improves engine fuel economy and emissions performance.

[0022] In related technologies, when fuel injectors are running, due to incomplete combustion of fuel and the presence of impurities in the fuel, carbon deposits tend to accumulate near the fuel injection holes. These carbon deposits can clog the fuel injection holes, affecting the fuel atomization effect and leading to a decrease in engine performance.

[0023] Furthermore, since fuel injectors are usually integrally molded and cannot be easily disassembled and replaced, this limits the precision adjustment and installation by maintenance personnel after cleaning carbon deposits. If the fuel injector nozzle is blocked, physical cleaning alone may not achieve the best maintenance effect, and sometimes it is necessary to replace the fuel injector, but the disassembly and installation process is complicated and time-consuming.

[0024] Based on the above considerations, this application proposes a fuel injector, including a valve body, a needle valve, a fuel injection assembly, and a cooling assembly. The valve body has an oil passage with a first end and a second end along the axial direction of the oil passage. The first end has an oil inlet hole communicating with the oil passage. The needle valve is installed in the valve body, with one end extending into the oil passage, and is axially movable along the oil passage. The nozzle assembly is detachably installed at the second end of the valve body, and has a spray hole communicating with the oil passage. The cooling assembly includes a cooling pipe and a heat-conducting component. The cooling pipe is installed in the valve body, and the heat-conducting component is installed on the outer peripheral wall of the valve body. This design reduces the likelihood of fuel injector clogging, extends its service life, and simplifies disassembly and maintenance.

[0025] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0026] The following is for reference. Figures 1-6 This application describes an injector, engine, and vehicle according to embodiments thereof.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 This application provides an injector 10, which includes a valve body 1, a needle valve 2, a nozzle assembly 3, and a cooling assembly 4.

[0028] The valve body 1 serves as the main support structure for the injector 10. It contains an oil passage 11 that extends along the length of the valve body 1 to guide the flow of high-pressure fuel within the valve body 1. The valve body 1 has a first end 12 and a second end 13 along the axial direction of the oil passage 11. The first end 12 has an inlet port 15 that communicates with the oil passage 11 to introduce high-pressure fuel from the fuel rail.

[0029] For ease of description, in the embodiments of this application, the length direction of the valve body 1 (i.e., the axial direction of the oil passage 11) is taken as the vertical direction. The first end 12 of the valve body 1 with the oil inlet hole 15 is defined as the upper end, and the second end 13 of the valve body 1 with the nozzle assembly 3 is defined as the lower end. It is understood that the above-mentioned directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are only for the convenience of describing and distinguishing the relative positional relationship of each component in the length direction of the valve body 1, and are not regarded as an absolute limitation on the actual installation posture or usage state of the injector 10 in the vehicle 1000. In actual use, the injector 10 can be installed at any angle according to the arrangement requirements of the engine 100, such as horizontal or inclined installation. Its working principle and the relative matching relationship between components will not change due to the change of installation posture.

[0030] It is understandable that the first end 12 corresponds to the fuel inlet end of the injector 10, the second end 13 corresponds to the injection end of the injector 10, and the axial direction of the oil passage 11 is the length direction of the valve body 1.

[0031] A needle valve 2 is installed on the valve body 1, with one end extending into the oil passage 11. The needle valve 2 is axially reciprocating along the oil passage 11. A sliding fit is formed between the needle valve 2 and the valve body 1. The tip of the needle valve 2 engages with a corresponding valve seat surface on the nozzle assembly 3 to control the opening and closing of the nozzle orifice 331. When the needle valve 2 moves axially within the oil passage 11, its tip moves away from or contacts the valve seat surface on the nozzle assembly 3, thereby opening or closing the nozzle orifice 331.

[0032] The nozzle assembly 3 is detachably mounted on the second end 13 of the valve body 1. The nozzle assembly 3 is provided with a spray hole 331, which is connected to the oil passage 11.

[0033] The nozzle assembly 3 serves as the injection end of the injector 10. High-pressure fuel reaches the nozzle assembly 3 through the fuel passage 11 and is then sprayed out and atomized from the nozzle hole 331. The nozzle assembly 3 is detachably connected to the second end 13 of the valve body 1, so that the nozzle assembly 3 can be removed from the valve body 1 separately.

[0034] In some examples, the nozzle assembly 3 is threaded to the second end 13 of the valve body 1; that is, the connecting end of the nozzle assembly 3 has external threads, and the second end 13 of the valve body 1 has internal threads. They are screwed together for fixation, and disassembly and assembly can be completed simply by rotating the nozzle assembly 3. In other examples, the nozzle assembly 3 is snap-fitted to the second end 13 of the valve body 1; that is, the connecting end of the nozzle assembly 3 has elastic claws, and the second end 13 of the valve body 1 has a groove. The elastic claws engage with the grooves to achieve axial locking, and pressing the elastic claws releases the lock for disassembly. In still other examples, the nozzle assembly 3 is flanged to the second end 13 of the valve body 1; that is, the connecting end of the nozzle assembly 3 has a first flange, and the second end 13 of the valve body 1 has a second flange. The first flange and the second flange are fastened together with bolts; loosening the bolts allows the nozzle assembly 3 to be removed during disassembly.

[0035] With the aforementioned detachable structure, when carbon deposits clog the nozzle assembly 3's nozzle orifice 331, the nozzle assembly 3 can be removed from the valve body 1 for individual cleaning or directly replaced with a new nozzle assembly 3, without having to scrap the entire injector 10, thus significantly reducing maintenance costs.

[0036] The cooling assembly 4 includes a cooling pipe 41 and a heat-conducting component 42.

[0037] Cooling pipe 41 is installed inside valve body 1 to allow cooling medium (such as coolant or air) to flow through the valve body 1 and remove the heat generated during valve body 1 operation. Cooling pipe 41 can be configured to extend spirally along the axial direction of valve body 1 to increase the flow path length and heat exchange area of ​​the cooling medium within valve body 1, thereby improving the cooling effect.

[0038] In some examples, the cooling pipe 41 is a spiral tube embedded in the wall of the valve body 1, with the cooling medium flowing in from one end of the valve body 1 and out from the other end. In other examples, the cooling pipe 41 is multiple axially extending straight channels located within the wall of the valve body 1, with these straight channels interconnected at the first end 12 and the second end 13 of the valve body 1 via annular collecting grooves, forming a meandering flow path. In still other examples, the cooling pipe 41 is a spiral coil sleeved around the outside of the valve body 1, with the coil tightly fitted against the outer peripheral wall of the valve body 1.

[0039] A heat-conducting element 42 is installed on the outer peripheral wall of the valve body 1. The heat-conducting element 42 is used to quickly conduct heat from the surface of the valve body 1 and dissipate it into the surrounding environment. The heat-conducting element 42 can be heat dissipation fins arranged around the outer peripheral wall of the valve body 1. Multiple heat dissipation fins are spaced apart along the axial direction of the valve body 1, forming heat dissipation gaps between adjacent fins to increase the contact area with air. The heat-conducting element 42 can be made of a material with high thermal conductivity, such as copper, aluminum, or aluminum alloy.

[0040] In some examples, the heat-conducting element 42 is a plurality of strip-shaped heat sinks extending axially along the valve body 1, and the plurality of strip-shaped heat sinks are evenly distributed circumferentially along the valve body 1. In other examples, the heat-conducting element 42 is an annular heat-dissipating ring fitted on the outer peripheral wall of the valve body 1, and the outer peripheral surface of the heat-dissipating ring has an uneven corrugated structure to increase the heat dissipation area. In still other examples, the heat-conducting element 42 is a thermally conductive coating applied to the outer peripheral wall of the valve body 1, and the thermally conductive coating is thermally conductive silicone grease or graphene coating.

[0041] The number of heat-conducting elements 42 can be one, two, three or more. When there are two, the two heat-conducting elements 42 are arranged opposite each other along the circumference of the valve body 1, or spaced apart along the axial direction of the valve body 1.

[0042] In actual operation, high-pressure fuel enters the oil passage 11 of the valve body 1 through the inlet port 15. Driven by electromagnetic or hydraulic force, the needle valve 2 moves axially upwards along the oil passage 11 (i.e., towards the first end 12). The tip of the needle valve 2 disengages from the valve seat surface on the nozzle assembly 3, opening the nozzle 331. High-pressure fuel then reaches the nozzle assembly 3 via the oil passage 11 and is ejected from the nozzle 331. During fuel injection, the high-pressure flow of fuel and the heat generated by combustion in the engine cylinder 100 are transferred to the valve body 1 through the nozzle assembly 3, causing the valve body 1 to heat up. At this time, the cooling medium flows through the cooling pipe 41, carrying away the heat inside the valve body 1. Simultaneously, the heat-conducting component 42 rapidly conducts and dissipates the heat from the outer peripheral wall of the valve body 1. Through the dual effects of internal cooling and external heat dissipation, the temperature of the valve body 1 and the nozzle assembly 3 is maintained at a low level, thereby reducing carbon buildup at high temperatures. If carbon buildup occurs at the nozzle 331 after the injector 10 has been used for a period of time, simply remove the nozzle assembly 3 from the second end 13 of the valve body 1 for cleaning or replacement, and then reinstall it onto the valve body 1 to restore normal operation. This injector 10, through its detachable nozzle assembly 3 design combined with the cooling effect of the cooling assembly 4, reduces the likelihood of carbon buildup at the source. Furthermore, even if blockage occurs, low-cost maintenance can be performed by quickly removing and installing the nozzle assembly 3, without needing to replace the entire injector 10. This effectively reduces maintenance difficulty and cost, and extends the overall service life of the injector 10.

[0043] According to the fuel injector 10 provided in the embodiments of this application, the axial movement of the needle valve 2 within the oil passage 11 achieves precise control over the opening and closing of the nozzle 331, ensuring the response speed and injection accuracy of the fuel injection process. By detachably installing the nozzle assembly 3 to the second end 13 of the valve body 1, when carbon deposits cause blockage in the nozzle 331, the operator can easily remove the nozzle assembly 3 from the valve body 1 for cleaning or direct replacement of the new nozzle assembly 3, without scrapping the entire fuel injector 10 or disassembling it together with the valve body 1. This significantly simplifies maintenance procedures, shortens maintenance time, and significantly reduces maintenance costs. Meanwhile, by setting up a cooling assembly 4 that includes a cooling pipe 41 and a heat-conducting component 42, the cooling pipe 41 carries away heat from inside the valve body 1 through a cooling medium circulation, and the heat-conducting component 42 enhances heat dissipation from the outer peripheral wall of the valve body 1. The two work together to efficiently cool the valve body 1 and the nozzle assembly 3 installed at the second end 13 of the valve body 1, effectively suppressing the carbon buildup rate under high temperature conditions, reducing the probability of nozzle 331 clogging from the source, and extending the service life of the injector 10.

[0044] Please see Figure 2In some embodiments, the valve body 1 may also be provided with an oil reservoir 14, which is located at the end of the oil passage 11 near the first end 12, i.e., the oil reservoir 14 is located at the oil inlet end of the oil passage 11. The oil inlet hole 15 is connected to the oil reservoir 14, and the oil reservoir 14 is also connected to the oil passage 11. After the high-pressure fuel enters the valve body 1 through the oil inlet hole 15, it first flows into the oil reservoir 14, where it is temporarily stored and buffered before flowing into the oil passage 11.

[0045] The shape of the oil reservoir 14 is not specifically limited; for example, it can be a cylindrical, spherical, or conical reservoir. The volume of the oil reservoir 14 can be set according to the flow requirements of the injector 10; for example, it can be one-third, one-half, or equal to the volume of the oil passage 11. The radial dimension of the oil reservoir 14 is larger than the radial dimension of the oil passage 11, so that the oil reservoir 14 forms an oil storage space with a larger diameter relative to the oil passage 11.

[0046] In some examples, the oil reservoir 14 and the oil passage 11 are coaxially arranged, meaning the central axis of the oil reservoir 14 coincides with the central axis of the oil passage 11, and the bottom wall of the oil reservoir 14 smoothly transitions to the oil inlet of the oil passage 11 to guide fuel smoothly from the oil reservoir 14 into the oil passage 11. In other examples, the oil reservoir 14 and the oil passage 11 are eccentrically arranged, and the outlet of the oil reservoir 14 is connected to the oil inlet of the oil passage 11 through an inclined channel. In still other examples, the inner wall of the oil reservoir 14 is provided with a guide slope, which slopes from the position of the oil inlet hole 15 towards the oil inlet of the oil passage 11 to guide fuel smoothly along the guide slope into the interior of the oil passage 11.

[0047] By incorporating the fuel reservoir 14, the high-pressure fuel entering from the fuel inlet 15 is first buffered and stabilized within the reservoir 14. This homogenizes the fuel pressure to a certain extent before it enters the fuel passage 11, reducing the impact of pressure pulsations during fuel flow on the needle valve 2. Consequently, the needle valve 2 moves more smoothly, and the injection quantity is controlled more precisely. Simultaneously, the fuel reservoir 14, as a relatively large cavity, can accommodate any trace impurities or air bubbles that may be present in the fuel, preventing these impurities from directly impacting the inner wall of the fuel passage 11 or the surface of the needle valve 2, thus achieving a certain degree of sedimentation and separation. Furthermore, the fuel reservoir 14 increases the volume of the fuel inlet end of the fuel passage 11, ensuring sufficient fuel reserve for the injector 10 during instantaneous high-flow injection and guaranteeing rapid injection response.

[0048] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 According to some embodiments of this application, the cooling pipe 41 of the injector 10 may include an inlet pipe section 411, an outlet pipe section 412, and a spiral pipe section 413.

[0049] Both the inlet pipe section 411 and the outlet pipe section 412 extend along the extension direction of the oil passage 11, that is, the direction of the inlet pipe section 411 and the outlet pipe section 412 is consistent with the axial direction of the oil passage 11 and is generally parallel to the length direction of the valve body 1.

[0050] The inlet pipe section 411 is used to introduce the cooling medium from the outside into the cooling pipe 41, and the outlet pipe section 412 is used to lead the cooled medium out from the inside of the cooling pipe 41 after heat exchange.

[0051] The spiral tube section 413 is connected between the inlet tube section 411 and the outlet tube section 412, and the spiral tube section 413 is spirally wrapped around the periphery of the oil passage 11. That is, the spiral tube section 413 is arranged around the oil passage 11 in the circumference of the valve body 1, and spirals forward along the axial direction of the oil passage 11 while wrapping around, forming a spiral structure similar to a spring.

[0052] The upper end of the inlet pipe section 411 is connected to the external cooling medium supply pipe, and the lower end of the inlet pipe section 411 is connected to one end of the spiral pipe section 413; the upper end of the outlet pipe section 412 is connected to the external cooling medium recovery pipe, and the lower end of the outlet pipe section 412 is connected to the other end of the spiral pipe section 413. Thus, the cooling medium flows from the inlet pipe section 411 into the spiral pipe section 413, and then flows out through the outlet pipe section 412, forming a complete flow path.

[0053] The number of spiral turns in the spiral section 413 can be set according to actual cooling requirements. There is no limit to the specific number of turns. For example, it can be set to two, three, four or more turns. When the number of spiral turns increases, the flow path of the cooling medium in the valve body 1 is longer, the heat exchange area is larger, and the cooling effect is correspondingly enhanced.

[0054] In some embodiments, the ends of both the inlet pipe section 411 and the outlet pipe section 412 can extend to the first end 12 of the valve body 1. That is, the inlet end of the inlet pipe section 411 and the outlet end of the outlet pipe section 412 are both located at the first end 12 of the valve body 1, and can extend from the first end 12 of the valve body 1 or be flush with the end face of the first end 12 of the valve body 1. By setting the ends of both the inlet pipe section 411 and the outlet pipe section 412 at the first end 12 of the valve body 1, the external cooling medium supply pipeline and the recovery pipeline can be connected from the same side of the valve body 1 (i.e., the fuel inlet side of the injector 10), which facilitates the overall pipeline layout of the cooling pipe 41 and avoids the space occupation and assembly inconvenience caused by the pipeline being distributed on both sides of the valve body 1.

[0055] In some embodiments, the outlet end of the inlet pipe section 411 can be connected to the end of the spiral pipe section 413 near the second end 13 of the valve body 1, and the inlet end of the outlet pipe section 412 can be connected to the end of the spiral pipe section 413 near the first end 12 of the valve body 1. Of course, the two can also be connected in reverse.

[0056] In some examples, the inlet pipe section 411, the outlet pipe section 412, and the spiral pipe section 413 are integrally formed, meaning they are created as a single continuous pipe body through casting or bending processes, and this pipe body is entirely embedded within the wall of the valve body 1. In other examples, the inlet pipe section 411, the outlet pipe section 412, and the spiral pipe section 413 are independent pipe sections. One end of the inlet pipe section 411 is connected to the spiral pipe section 413 by welding or a threaded joint, and the other end of the outlet pipe section 412 is connected to the spiral pipe section 413 by welding or a threaded joint. Each pipe section is installed in a pre-set mounting groove or mounting hole on the valve body 1. In still other examples, the inlet pipe section 411, the outlet pipe section 412, and the spiral pipe section 413 are integrally formed with the valve body 1 through 3D printing or additive manufacturing, meaning the cooling channel with the aforementioned pipe structure is directly printed inside the valve body 1.

[0057] In actual operation, the cooling medium flows into the valve body 1 from the first end 12 through the inlet pipe section 411, and enters the spiral pipe section 413 after reaching the lower end of the inlet pipe section 411. The cooling medium flows around the oil passage 11 along the spiral pipe section 413, exchanging heat with the valve body 1 during the flow process, carrying away the heat of the fuel in the valve body 1 and the oil passage 11. After heat exchange, the cooling medium enters the outlet pipe section 412 through the lower end of the outlet pipe section 412, and finally flows out from the first end 12 of the valve body 1. The spiral pipe section 413 surrounds the oil passage 11, making the distribution of the cooling medium inside the valve body 1 more uniform, and the spiral direction increases the contact area and contact time between the cooling medium and the valve body 1, further improving the cooling efficiency and cooling uniformity.

[0058] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 According to some embodiments of this application, the outer peripheral wall of the valve body 1 is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation grooves 16, which extend along the extension direction of the oil passage 11 and are spaced apart circumferentially along the valve body 1.

[0059] The heat dissipation groove 16 is a groove structure formed by recessing from the outer peripheral wall surface of the valve body 1. The length direction of each heat dissipation groove 16 is consistent with the axial direction of the oil passage 11. That is, the heat dissipation groove 16 extends longitudinally from one end of the valve body 1 to the other end, and multiple heat dissipation grooves 16 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the valve body 1, dividing the outer peripheral wall of the valve body 1 into multiple circumferentially arranged areas.

[0060] The cross-sectional shape of the heat dissipation groove 16 is not specifically limited; for example, it can be a rectangular groove, a V-shaped groove, a U-shaped groove, or a trapezoidal groove. The depth and width of the heat dissipation groove 16 can also be set according to the wall thickness of the valve body 1 and the heat dissipation requirements. The number of heat dissipation grooves 16 is not specifically limited; for example, two, three, four, six, eight, or more can be provided. When two heat dissipation grooves 16 are provided, they are arranged opposite each other on the circumference of the valve body 1, i.e., the included angle between the two heat dissipation grooves 16 is 180 degrees, symmetrically dividing the outer circumferential wall of the valve body 1. When three heat dissipation grooves 16 are provided, they are evenly distributed on the circumference of the valve body 1, i.e., the included angle between two adjacent heat dissipation grooves 16 is 120 degrees. When four heat dissipation grooves 16 are provided, they are evenly distributed on the circumference of the valve body 1, i.e., the included angle between two adjacent heat dissipation grooves 16 is 90 degrees.

[0061] In some examples, the heat dissipation groove 16 extends from the first end 12 to the second end 13 of the valve body 1, meaning the heat dissipation groove 16 extends the entire axial length of the valve body 1. In other examples, the heat dissipation groove 16 extends from the middle of the valve body 1 to the second end 13, meaning the heat dissipation groove 16 is only provided at the end of the valve body 1 closest to the nozzle assembly 3. This is because the end where the nozzle assembly 3 is located is the area with the highest temperature, and providing the heat dissipation groove 16 in this area can more effectively dissipate heat from the high-temperature area. In still other examples, while the heat dissipation grooves 16 are spaced apart circumferentially along the valve body 1, they are also divided into multiple segments axially along the valve body 1, with gaps between each segment, and adjacent segments of the heat dissipation groove 16 are staggered circumferentially.

[0062] Multiple heat dissipation grooves 16 provided on the outer peripheral wall of the valve body 1 increase the contact area between the valve body 1 and the surrounding air, allowing the heat on the surface of the valve body 1 to be dissipated to the external environment more quickly through thermal radiation and convection. This works in synergy with the heat-conducting component 42, which conducts heat from the inside of the valve body 1 to the outer peripheral wall, while the heat dissipation grooves 16 further dissipate the heat quickly into the air. The combination of the two significantly improves the external heat dissipation efficiency of the valve body 1.

[0063] In some embodiments of this application, the heat-conducting element 42 can be disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the valve body 1 between two adjacent heat dissipation grooves 16. That is, the heat-conducting element 42 and the heat dissipation grooves 16 are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction of the valve body 1. After the heat-conducting element 42 conducts heat to the outer peripheral wall, the heat can be dissipated through the heat-conducting element 42 itself or through the heat dissipation grooves 16 to accelerate heat dissipation. The two complement each other and further improve the heat dissipation effect.

[0064] Please see Figure 1 According to some embodiments of this application, among the plurality of heat dissipation grooves 16 provided on the outer peripheral wall of the valve body 1, at least one heat dissipation groove 16 is embedded with a heat-conducting element 42, that is, the heat-conducting element 42 may be embedded or installed inside the heat dissipation groove 16.

[0065] Multiple heat dissipation holes may be provided on the heat-conducting component 42. The heat dissipation holes penetrate the opposite two sides of the heat-conducting component 42 to form a channel for air circulation.

[0066] There are several ways to arrange the heat-conducting component 42 within the heat dissipation groove 16. In some examples, the heat-conducting component 42 is a block or plate-shaped structure, embedded in the heat dissipation groove 16 and fixed to the groove wall of the heat dissipation groove 16 by an interference fit. That is, the outer contour dimension of the heat-conducting component 42 is slightly larger than the internal dimension of the heat dissipation groove 16. After the heat-conducting component 42 is pressed into the heat dissipation groove 16, a compressive friction force is generated between the heat-conducting component 42 and the groove wall of the heat dissipation groove 16, thereby fixing the heat-conducting component 42 within the heat dissipation groove 16. In other examples, the heat-conducting component 42 is detachably installed on the bottom wall or side wall of the heat dissipation groove 16 by screws or bolts. The bottom wall of the heat dissipation groove 16 has a threaded hole, and the heat-conducting component 42 has a corresponding through hole. The screw passes through the through hole and is screwed into the threaded hole to lock and fix the heat-conducting component 42. When it is necessary to replace or clean the heat-conducting component 42, the screw can be loosened to remove the heat-conducting component 42 from the heat dissipation groove 16. In some other examples, the heat-conducting component 42 is bonded to the heat dissipation groove 16 with thermally conductive adhesive. The thermally conductive adhesive also serves to fix the component and reduce contact thermal resistance, allowing the heat from the valve body 1 to be transferred to the heat-conducting component 42 more efficiently. In still other examples, a spring clip is provided between the heat-conducting component 42 and the groove wall of the heat dissipation groove 16. After the heat-conducting component 42 is embedded in the heat dissipation groove 16, the spring clip presses against the side wall of the heat-conducting component 42 and the heat dissipation groove 16, elastically clamping and fixing the heat-conducting component 42.

[0067] The number of heat dissipation holes provided on the heat-conducting component 42 is not specifically limited; for example, it can have two, three, four, five, or more. When multiple heat dissipation holes are provided, they can be arranged in a row along the length of the heat-conducting component 42.

[0068] The shape of the heat dissipation holes is not specifically limited; for example, they can be circular, elliptical, rectangular, diamond-shaped, or elongated. The heat dissipation holes can be through holes that penetrate the heat-conducting component 42 in a straight line, or they can be curved holes that extend in a curved direction.

[0069] At least one heat dissipation slot 16 is embedded with a heat-conducting element 42. This can be understood as the number of heat-conducting elements 42 being equal to or unequal to the number of heat dissipation slots 16. In some examples, each heat dissipation slot 16 contains one heat-conducting element 42, meaning the number of heat-conducting elements 42 is the same as the number of heat dissipation slots 16, and each heat dissipation slot 16 is filled with heat-conducting elements 42 to maximize the heat dissipation area. In other examples, only some heat dissipation slots 16 contain heat-conducting elements 42, and heat dissipation slots 16 with and without heat-conducting elements 42 are alternately distributed along the circumference of the valve body 1. In still other examples, a heat dissipation slot 16 may contain multiple heat-conducting elements 42, and these multiple heat-conducting elements 42 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the heat dissipation slot 16.

[0070] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 4 According to some embodiments of this application, the nozzle assembly 3 includes a mounting element 31, a filter element 32, and a nozzle 33.

[0071] Mounting component 31 is detachably connected to the second end 13 of valve body 1. Mounting component 31 is provided with oil passage hole 313, which is connected to oil passage 11 of valve body 1. The end of needle valve 2 extends into oil passage hole 313.

[0072] Mounting component 31 serves as the base of nozzle assembly 3, on the one hand to detachably fix the entire nozzle assembly 3 to the second end 13 of valve body 1, and on the other hand to support filter element 32 and nozzle 33.

[0073] The detachable connection between the mounting component 31 and the second end 13 of the valve body 1 can be described in various ways as described above. In some examples, the mounting component 31 is threaded to the second end 13 of the valve body 1. The end of the mounting component 31 facing the valve body 1 has an external thread, and the second end 13 of the valve body 1 has an internal thread. The two are screwed together for fixation. In other examples, the mounting component 31 is snap-fitted to the second end 13 of the valve body 1. The mounting component 31 has an elastic snap, and the second end 13 of the valve body 1 has a groove. The elastic snap engages with the groove for fixation. In still other examples, the mounting component 31 is bolted to the second end 13 of the valve body 1. Both the mounting component 31 and the second end 13 of the valve body 1 have flanges, and the two flanges are fastened together with bolts.

[0074] The oil passage 313 extends through both ends of the mounting member 31. The diameter of the oil passage 313 can be greater than or equal to the diameter of the oil passage 11, so that no significant throttling effect occurs when fuel enters the oil passage 11 from the oil passage 11 into the oil passage 313. The end of the needle valve 2 can extend into the oil passage 313. That is, when the needle valve 2 moves axially downward along the oil passage 11, the end of the needle valve 2 facing the nozzle assembly 3 can pass through the outlet of the oil passage 11 and enter the interior of the oil passage 313 of the mounting member 31, thereby getting closer to the nozzle 331. It is understood that the oil passage 313 avoids forming the valve seat surface in the aforementioned embodiment. When the end of the needle valve 2 extends into the oil passage 313, the conical or spherical surface of the end of the needle valve 2 contacts and engages with the valve seat surface on the inner wall of the oil passage 313 to form a sealing pair to cut off the fuel passage.

[0075] The filter element 32 is disposed inside the oil passage 313. The filter element 32 is used to filter the fuel flowing through the oil passage 313 and intercept any tiny impurities or particulate matter that may be carried in the fuel.

[0076] The filter element 32 can take various forms. In some examples, the filter element 32 is a filter screen woven from metal wires. The mesh size of the filter screen can be selected according to the diameter of the nozzle 331. For example, the mesh size can be set to be smaller than the diameter of the nozzle 331 to ensure that impurities larger than the nozzle 331 are intercepted at the filter element 32 without clogging the nozzle 331. In other examples, the filter element 32 is a porous metal sintered body, that is, a blocky structure with a large number of micropores formed by sintering metal powder or metal fibers. Fuel passes through the pores, and impurities are intercepted outside the pores. In still other examples, the filter element 32 is a filter disc with multiple micro-through holes, which are uniformly distributed on the filter disc.

[0077] There are several ways to fix the filter element 32 in the oil passage hole 313. For example, it can be fixed in the groove on the inner wall of the oil passage hole 313 by a snap ring, or it can be press-fitted into the oil passage hole 313 by an interference fit, or it can be fixed by a threaded ring. When the filter element 32 is fixed by a snap ring, the inner wall of the oil passage hole 313 is provided with an annular groove, and the snap ring is embedded in the annular groove to limit the axial movement of the filter element 32.

[0078] The nozzle 33 is installed on the side of the mounting member 31 away from the valve body 1, that is, the nozzle 33 is fixed at the lower end face or lower port of the mounting member 31. The nozzle 33 is provided with multiple spray holes 331, which are connected to the oil passage holes 313.

[0079] Nozzle 33 is used to atomize high-pressure fuel and inject it into the cylinder of engine 100 in the form of fine particles. There are several ways to connect nozzle 33 to mounting component 31. In some examples, nozzle 33 and mounting component 31 are integrally formed, i.e., nozzle 33 and mounting component 31 are formed as a single component by casting or machining. In this case, nozzle 33 is part of mounting component 31, and the entire mounting component 31, together with nozzle 33, is removed from valve body 1. In other examples, nozzle 33 and mounting component 31 are connected by threads. The connecting end of nozzle 33 has external threads, and the end of mounting component 31 facing away from valve body 1 has internal threads. The two are screwed together and fixed. In this case, nozzle 33 can be removed separately from mounting component 31. In still other examples, nozzle 33 and mounting component 31 are fixed by welding, for example, by laser welding or resistance welding to fix the end face of nozzle 33 to the end face of mounting component 31.

[0080] The number of nozzles 331 is not specifically limited; for example, there can be two, three, four, five, six, or more. The arrangement of the nozzles 331 on the end face of the nozzle 33 can be varied. For example, the nozzles 331 can be arranged in a ring array around the central axis of the nozzle 33, or in a straight line, cross shape, or radial pattern. The cross-sectional shape of the nozzles 331 can be circular, elliptical, or slit-shaped, depending on the atomization requirements. The lower end face of the nozzle 33 can be spherical, with the multiple nozzles 331 arranged in a dispersed manner.

[0081] In actual operation, high-pressure fuel enters the oil passage 11 of the valve body 1 through the oil passage 313 of the mounting component 31. The fuel is filtered by the filter element 32 within the oil passage 313, intercepting tiny impurities and particulate matter carried in the fuel. The filtered clean fuel continues to flow downward to the nozzle 33, and is sprayed out and atomized from multiple spray holes 331 of the nozzle 33. The needle valve 2 reciprocates axially along the oil passage 11 under the drive of electromagnetic or hydraulic force. When the needle valve 2 moves upward, the tip of the needle valve 2 disengages from the valve seat surface in the oil passage 313, and the spray holes 331 open; when the needle valve 2 moves downward, the tip of the needle valve 2 presses against the valve seat surface, and the spray holes 331 close.

[0082] By placing the filter element 32 inside the oil passage 313, the fuel undergoes filtration before reaching the nozzle 33's spray orifice 331. Impurities in the fuel that could clog the spray orifice 331 are intercepted at the filter element 32, effectively reducing the likelihood of the spray orifice 331 becoming clogged and ensuring the long-term stable atomization effect of the injector 10. Simultaneously, since the mounting component 31 is detachably connected to the valve body 1, when a large amount of impurities accumulate on the filter element 32, it can be easily and quickly cleaned or replaced simply by removing the mounting component 31 from the valve body 1. Furthermore, the nozzle 33 is also mounted on the mounting component 31. When the nozzle 33's spray orifice 331 becomes clogged, the entire mounting component 31 along with the nozzle 33 can be removed for maintenance, or the nozzle 33 can be removed separately from the mounting component 31 for replacement, offering high maintenance flexibility.

[0083] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 4 According to some embodiments of this application, the mounting component 31 further includes a body 311 and a connecting portion 312.

[0084] The main body 311 is the main part of the mounting component 31 and is used to support the filter element 32 and the nozzle 33. The connecting part 312 is provided on the side of the main body 311 facing the valve body 1, that is, the connecting part 312 protrudes from the upper end of the main body 311 towards the valve body 1.

[0085] The connecting part 312 is an annular structure extending circumferentially along the valve body 1. The inner circumferential surface of the connecting part 312 is threadedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the second end 13 of the valve body 1. Specifically, the connecting part 312 is cylindrical or sleeve-shaped. The inner circumferential wall of the connecting part 312 is provided with internal threads, and the outer circumferential wall of the second end 13 of the valve body 1 is correspondingly provided with external threads. The mounting part 31 is sleeved on the outside of the second end 13 of the valve body 1 through the connecting part 312 and screwed on, so that the internal threads and external threads mesh with each other, thereby realizing a detachable fixed connection between the mounting part 31 and the valve body 1. When the mounting part 31 is screwed in place, the upper end face of the body 311 abuts against the end face of the second end 13 of the valve body 1, realizing axial positioning.

[0086] A positioning bolt 36 is provided on the connecting part 312, which passes through the connecting part 312 and connects to the valve body 1. The positioning bolt 36 is used to further lock and fix the connecting part 312 and the valve body 1 after the connecting part 312 is screwed into place by threads. Specifically, the connecting part 312 is provided with a positioning hole that passes through the wall thickness of the connecting part 312 and extends radially along the connecting part 312. A corresponding positioning screw hole can be provided on the outer peripheral wall of the second end 13 of the valve body 1. When the mounting part 31 is screwed to the valve body 1 through the connecting part 312 to the predetermined position, the positioning hole and the positioning screw hole are coaxially aligned. The positioning bolt 36 passes through the positioning hole from the outside of the connecting part 312 and screws into the positioning screw hole on the valve body 1. Through the locking action of the positioning bolt 36, the connecting part 312 and the valve body 1 are relatively fixed in the circumferential direction, preventing the connecting part 312 from loosening due to vibration or thermal expansion and contraction.

[0087] The number of positioning bolts 36 is not specifically limited; for example, there can be one, two, three, or four. When there is one positioning bolt 36, it is located on either side of the connecting portion 312. When there are two positioning bolts 36, they are spaced apart circumferentially on the connecting portion 312. For example, the included angle between the two positioning bolts 36 can be 180 degrees (i.e., opposite each other), or it can be 90 degrees, 120 degrees, or other angles. When there are three positioning bolts 36, they are evenly distributed circumferentially on the connecting portion 312, and the included angle between two adjacent positioning bolts 36 is 120 degrees.

[0088] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 4 According to some embodiments of this application, a positioning ring 34 is also provided on the side of the body 311 facing the valve body 1. The positioning ring 34 is spaced apart from the connecting part 312 along the radial direction of the body 311, that is, the positioning ring 34 is located inside the connecting part 312, and a certain distance is maintained between the two in the radial direction.

[0089] The positioning ring 34 is an annular boss structure protruding from the upper end of the body 311 towards the valve body 1, and surrounds the inlet periphery of the oil passage 313. A sealing element 35 is provided on the side of the positioning ring 34 facing the oil passage 313; that is, the sealing element 35 is disposed on the inner circumferential surface of the positioning ring 34 or between the inner sidewall of the positioning ring 34 and the outer circumferential wall of the oil passage 313. The sealing element 35 is used to seal the connection between the oil passage 313 and the oil passage 11 after the mounting part 31 and the valve body 1 are assembled in place, preventing high-pressure fuel from leaking outward from the mating gap between the mounting part 31 and the valve body 1.

[0090] The valve body 1 has a positioning groove 17 at its second end 13. The positioning groove 17 is an annular groove formed by recessing from the end face of the second end 13 of the valve body 1 into the interior of the valve body 1. The opening of the positioning groove 17 faces the body 311 of the mounting component 31. Both the positioning ring 34 and the sealing element 35 are embedded in the positioning groove 17. That is, the positioning ring 34 is inserted into the positioning groove 17 from the end face of the second end 13 of the valve body 1, and the sealing element 35 is sandwiched between the positioning ring 34 and the groove wall of the positioning groove 17. The cross-sectional shape of the positioning groove 17 matches the cross-sectional shape of the positioning ring 34. When the positioning ring 34 is embedded in the positioning groove 17, a positioning fit is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the positioning ring 34 and the outer side wall of the positioning groove 17, so that the mounting component 31 is accurately positioned radially relative to the valve body 1, ensuring the coaxiality of the mounting component 31 and the valve body 1.

[0091] In some embodiments, the seal 35 is disposed on the inner circumferential surface of the positioning ring 34, and the seal 35 is located between the inner circumferential surface of the positioning ring 34 and the inner sidewall of the positioning groove 17, and is radially compressed and deformed. The seal 35 can take various forms, such as an O-ring, a rectangular ring, or an X-ring, and can be made of elastic sealing materials such as rubber, silicone, or polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0092] The positioning bolt 36 passes sequentially through the connecting part 312 and the valve body 1, and is threadedly connected to the positioning ring 34. Specifically, the connecting part 312 has a first positioning hole on its wall, the valve body 1 has a second positioning hole on its wall, and the positioning ring 34 has a corresponding positioning screw hole. The first positioning hole, the second positioning hole, and the positioning screw hole are sequentially connected radially along the valve body 1, and are coaxially aligned after the mounting part 31 is assembled. The positioning bolt 36 passes sequentially through the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole from the outside of the connecting part 312, and finally screws into the positioning screw hole on the positioning ring 34, simultaneously locking and fixing the connecting part 312, the valve body 1, and the positioning ring 34.

[0093] During assembly, the seal 35 is first installed on the positioning ring 34 (for example, fitted into the sealing groove on the inner or outer circumferential surface of the positioning ring 34). Then, the connecting portion 312 of the mounting piece 31 is fitted onto the outside of the second end 13 of the valve body 1, while aligning the positioning ring 34 with the positioning groove 17 on the end face of the second end 13 of the valve body 1. The mounting piece 31 is rotated to screw the connecting portion 312 into the valve body 1. During this process, the positioning ring 34 is gradually inserted into the positioning groove 17, and the seal 35 is gradually compressed and deformed. When the mounting piece 31 is screwed into place, the positioning ring 34 is fully embedded in the positioning groove 17, and the seal 35 is pressed between the positioning ring 34 and the groove wall of the positioning groove 17. Next, rotate the mounting part 31 or fine-tune the angle of the connecting part 312 so that the first positioning hole on the connecting part 312, the second positioning hole on the valve body 1, and the positioning screw hole on the positioning ring 34 are coaxially aligned. Then, screw the positioning bolt 36 from the outside of the connecting part 312 through the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole in sequence into the positioning screw hole of the positioning ring 34 and tighten it.

[0094] The positioning ring 34, embedded in the positioning groove 17, achieves radial positioning and preliminary axial limiting between the mounting part 31 and the valve body 1, making the thread engagement of the connecting part 312 smoother and less prone to misalignment, thus ensuring assembly accuracy and efficiency. The sealing element 35 is compressed and deformed between the positioning ring 34 and the positioning groove 17, forming a reliable sealing barrier to prevent fuel leakage from the oil passage 11 and the oil passage hole 313 under high pressure. The positioning bolt 36 locks the connecting part 312, the valve body 1, and the positioning ring 34 together, preventing the threaded connection from loosening and ensuring a tight fit between the positioning ring 34 and the positioning groove 17, comprehensively improving the connection stability, sealing reliability, and vibration resistance of the mounting part 31 and the valve body 1.

[0095] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 4 According to some embodiments of this application, the filter element 32 may be provided with a receiving groove 321 on the side facing the oil passage 11, that is, the upper surface of the filter element 32 (the side facing the first end 12 of the valve body 1) is recessed downward to form a groove structure.

[0096] The containment tank 321 is used to collect and contain impurity particles carried in the fuel. When the fuel enters the oil passage 11 through the oil hole 313 and flows through the filter element 32, the impurities are intercepted and deposited in the containment tank 321.

[0097] The cross-sectional shape of the receiving groove 321 can vary. In some examples, the cross-section of the receiving groove 321 is an inverted trapezoid, meaning the opening width of the receiving groove 321 is greater than the width of its bottom wall, and the side walls of the receiving groove 321 gradually slope inward from the opening to the bottom wall. This inverted trapezoidal structure makes it easier for intercepted impurities to slide down and deposit at the bottom of the receiving groove 321, making them less likely to be resuspended by subsequent fuel flushing, thus improving the stability and durability of impurity collection. Furthermore, during cleaning, the open shape of the inverted trapezoid makes it easy for tools to reach into the receiving groove 321 to thoroughly remove the deposited impurities. In other examples, the cross-section of the receiving groove 321 is V-shaped, meaning the two side walls of the receiving groove 321 gradually approach each other from the opening to the bottom and converge at a bottom line. The V-shaped groove has a self-cleaning guiding effect, guiding impurities to the bottom for concentration. In still other examples, the cross-section of the receiving groove 321 is arc-shaped, meaning the bottom wall of the receiving groove 321 is an arc-shaped concave surface. This structure results in low stress concentration and is less prone to cracking in the filter element 32.

[0098] The depth and opening width of the receiving groove 321 can be set according to the size of the filter element 32 and the expected impurity carrying capacity. The greater the depth, the more impurities can be contained, but the strength of the filter element 32 will be reduced accordingly. Therefore, a reasonable balance needs to be achieved.

[0099] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 4 According to some embodiments of this application, the inner wall of the oil passage 313 may be provided with a limiting ring 37, and the filter element 32 is supported on the side of the limiting ring 37 facing the oil passage 11.

[0100] The limiting ring 37 is an annular boss or annular step structure that protrudes radially inward from the inner wall surface of the oil passage 313, and surrounds the axial circumference of the oil passage 313. The end face of the limiting ring 37 facing the oil passage 11 (i.e., the upper side) is the support surface, and the filter element 32 is placed on this support surface. The limiting ring 37 provides axial limiting support for the filter element 32. The filter element 32 is detachably installed in the oil passage 313. Specifically, after the limiting ring 37 is set on the inner wall of the oil passage 313, the filter element 32 is inserted from the oil inlet port of the oil passage 313 and moves downward along the axial direction of the oil passage 313 until it abuts against the upper end face of the limiting ring 37. A small gap can be left between the outer periphery of the filter element 32 and the inner wall of the oil passage 313 to facilitate removal and placement.

[0101] In some examples, the filter element 32 and the inner wall of the oil passage 313 are clearance-fitted, meaning the outer diameter of the filter element 32 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the oil passage 313. The filter element 32 can be easily inserted into or removed from the oil passage 313. After the mounting part 31 is removed from the valve body 1, the operator can use tweezers or a hook to remove the filter element 32 from the oil passage 313. In other examples, a retaining ring is provided at the oil inlet of the oil passage 313. The retaining ring is embedded in a groove on the inner wall of the oil passage 313, located on the side of the filter element 32 facing the oil passage 11 (i.e., above the filter element 32). The retaining ring presses the filter element 32 against the limiting ring 37 to prevent displacement of the filter element 32 under fuel impact.

[0102] The limiting ring 37 can be integrally formed with the mounting part 31, that is, the limiting ring 37 is a structure formed on the inner wall of the oil passage hole 313 during the casting or machining of the mounting part 31; or it can be a component independent of the mounting part 31. For example, the limiting ring 37 is an open elastic retaining ring, and an annular groove is provided on the inner wall of the oil passage hole 313. The open elastic retaining ring is inserted into the annular groove and partially protrudes from the inner wall surface of the oil passage hole 313 to form the limiting ring 37 structure.

[0103] When cleaning or replacing the filter element 32 is required, first remove the mounting piece 31 from the second end 13 of the valve body 1, then remove the filter element 32 from the oil inlet port of the oil passage 313. Clean the impurities deposited in the receiving groove 321 on the filter element 32, or directly replace it with a new filter element 32. Then, put the filter element 32 back into the oil passage 313 and support it on the limiting ring 37. The setting of the limiting ring 37 makes the installation position of the filter element 32 in the oil passage 313 precisely controllable, and will not shift axially under the impact of high-pressure fuel, ensuring that the filter element 32 is always in the fuel flow path between the oil passage 11 outlet and the nozzle 33. At the same time, the filter element 32 is detachably supported on the limiting ring 37, making it very convenient to remove and install the filter element 32, and there is no need to replace the entire mounting piece 31 or nozzle assembly 3 during maintenance.

[0104] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 According to some embodiments of this application, the first end 12 of the valve body 1 is provided with a plurality of positioning portions 18 distributed circumferentially thereon. The positioning portions 18 are used to cooperate with mating structures (such as positioning pins or positioning holes) on the engine 100 when the injector 10 is installed on the cylinder head or fuel rail seat of the engine 100, to achieve rapid and accurate positioning and installation of the injector 10. The positioning portions 18 are located at the first end 12 of the valve body 1, that is, the upper end of the valve body 1, the end where the fuel inlet 15 is located. Since the first end 12 of the valve body 1 is close to the fuel inlet side of the injector 10, and is also the end where the injector 10 is usually fixed to the cylinder head of the engine 100 by a mounting seat, placing the positioning portions 18 at this end facilitates alignment during installation.

[0105] Multiple positioning parts 18 are distributed circumferentially around the valve body 1. Specifically, each positioning part 18 is arranged uniformly or non-uniformly around the central axis of the valve body 1 at a position near the first end 12 on the end face or outer peripheral wall of the first end 12. The number of positioning parts 18 is not specifically limited; for example, there may be two, three, four, or more.

[0106] The positioning part 18 can take various forms. In some examples, the positioning part 18 is a positioning hole, which is a blind hole or a through hole that penetrates the wall thickness of the valve body 1, formed by recessing the valve body 1 axially from the end face of the first end 12 of the valve body 1. The positioning hole is used to cooperate with the positioning pin on the cylinder head of the engine 100. During installation, the positioning pin is inserted into the positioning hole to achieve precise positioning of the injector 10 in the circumferential and radial directions. The inner wall of the positioning hole can be a smooth cylindrical surface or it can be provided with internal threads. When the positioning hole is provided with internal threads, the injector 10 can also be fastened to the cylinder head of the engine 100 with bolts. In other examples, the positioning part 18 is a positioning post, which is a columnar structure that protrudes outward from the end face or outer peripheral wall of the first end 12 of the valve body 1. The positioning post is used to insert into the corresponding positioning hole on the cylinder head of the engine 100 to achieve precise positioning of the injector 10. The outer circumferential surface of the locating pin can be a smooth cylindrical surface or it can be provided with external threads. When the locating pin is provided with external threads, it can be locked in place by a nut after passing through the locating hole on the engine cylinder head 100. In some other examples, some locating parts 18 are locating holes, and others are locating pins, i.e., locating holes and locating pins are mixed. For example, a locating hole and a locating pin are respectively provided on opposite sides of the first end 12 of the valve body 1, which respectively cooperate with the locating pins and locating holes at corresponding positions on the engine cylinder head 100 to form a mistake-proof design, ensuring that the injector 10 can only be installed in the correct direction. The cross-sectional shape of the locating pin can be circular, elliptical, square, or polygonal; the cross-sectional shape of the locating hole matches the shape of the mating locating pin or locating pin.

[0107] It should be noted that the specific position of the positioning part 18 at the first end 12 of the valve body 1 can be designed to avoid the positions of the oil inlet 15, the inlet and outlet of the cooling pipe 41, and the oil tank 14 (if provided). That is, the positioning part 18 is located in the outer peripheral area of ​​the end face of the first end 12 of the valve body 1, and will not interfere with the oil inlet 15 and the inlet and outlet of the cooling pipe 41.

[0108] Please see Figure 5 Based on the same concept, this application also provides an engine 100, which includes a body 20 and an injector 10.

[0109] Engine 100 is a power device that converts the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy. It can be of various types, such as a gasoline engine 100, a diesel engine 100, or a gas engine 100. Engine body 20 is the main structure of engine 100. Cylinder is installed inside engine body 20. Cylinder is used to house piston and form combustion chamber. Fuel mixes with air in combustion chamber and burns. The resulting expanding gas drives piston to reciprocate. Then, through crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism, the reciprocating linear motion of piston is converted into the rotational motion of crankshaft and outputs power.

[0110] The fuel injector 10 is installed on the engine block 20. The fuel injector 10 is used to inject high-pressure fuel in an atomized form into the combustion chamber of the engine block 20 so that the fuel and air can be fully mixed and the combustion process can be completed.

[0111] The injector 10 is the injector 10 of any of the aforementioned embodiments, and its specific structure can be referred to the description of the aforementioned embodiments. When the injector 10 is installed in the engine block 20, the nozzle assembly 3 of the injector 10 extends into the engine block 20 from the mounting hole of the engine block 20. The nozzle orifice 331 on the nozzle 33 is located in or communicates with the combustion chamber of the cylinder. The valve body 1 is located outside the engine block 20 or partially embedded in the engine block 20. The oil inlet 15 of the injector 10 is connected to the fuel rail of the vehicle 1000 through a high-pressure oil pipe. The ends of the inlet pipe section 411 and outlet pipe section 412 of the cooling assembly 4 are connected to the coolant circulation system of the vehicle 1000 through pipelines to obtain a coolant supply. The needle valve 2 of the injector 10 receives a control signal from the engine control unit of the engine 100 through a solenoid valve or a piezoelectric actuator, and opens or closes the nozzle orifice 331 at a predetermined time.

[0112] When the engine 100 is operating, the fuel pump pressurizes the fuel and delivers it through the fuel rail to the fuel inlet 15 of the injector 10. After entering the fuel passage 11, the fuel flows through the filter element 32 (if provided) to filter impurities, and then, under the control of the needle valve 2, it is sprayed into the combustion chamber of the engine block 20 in an atomized form from the nozzle 33's spray hole 331. During the fuel injection process, the valve body 1 and nozzle assembly 3 of the injector 10 are subjected to heat generated by the high-pressure flow of fuel and heat radiation and heat conduction from the high-temperature combustion environment inside the engine block 20, causing the temperature to gradually rise. At this time, a cooling medium circulates in the cooling pipe 41 of the cooling assembly 4, carrying away the heat inside the valve body 1. Simultaneously, the heat-conducting element 42, in conjunction with the heat dissipation groove 16, quickly conducts and dissipates the heat from the outer peripheral wall of the valve body 1, keeping the overall temperature of the injector 10 within a suitable range and effectively inhibiting the formation of high-temperature carbon deposits. Since the nozzle assembly 3 of the injector 10 is detachably installed at the second end 13 of the valve body 1, even if the nozzle orifice 331 or filter element 32 of the injector 10 becomes clogged after prolonged use, maintenance personnel only need to remove the injector 10 from the engine body 20 and then remove the nozzle assembly 3 from the valve body 1 for cleaning or replacement to restore the injector 10 to good performance, without having to replace the entire injector 10. Simultaneously, the positioning part 18 provided at the first end 12 of the valve body 1 allows the injector 10 to achieve quick and precise alignment during initial installation on the engine body 20 and reinstallation after each maintenance, ensuring that the relative position of the nozzle orifice 331 and the combustion chamber remains precisely consistent, eliminating the need to recalibrate the injection angle after maintenance.

[0113] According to the engine 100 provided in the embodiments of this application, by employing the injector 10 of any of the above embodiments, while ensuring the normal operation of the fuel injection system of the engine 100, providing good atomization effect and combustion efficiency, the rate of decrease in injection performance caused by carbon deposits or impurities clogging the injector 10 is significantly reduced. The detachable structure of the nozzle assembly 3 of the injector 10 makes maintenance of the engine 100 more convenient and quick after long-term use. The synergistic effect of internal cooling and external heat dissipation of the cooling assembly 4 reduces carbon deposit formation from the source. The positioning part 18 makes the installation and reinstallation of the injector 10 on the engine 100 more precise and efficient. The combined effect of the above-mentioned advantages makes the engine 100 have better fuel economy, emission performance, and lower maintenance costs, and significantly extends the reliable service life of the engine 100's fuel injection system.

[0114] Please see Figure 6 Based on the same concept, this application also provides a vehicle 1000.

[0115] Vehicle 1000 includes vehicle body 200 and engine 100.

[0116] Vehicle 1000 is a means of transportation that transmits the power generated by engine 100 to the ground to drive itself. It can be of various types, such as a car, sports utility vehicle, truck, bus, hybrid vehicle 1000, or pure electric vehicle 1000 (used as a range extender).

[0117] The vehicle body 200 serves as the main frame and load-bearing structure of the vehicle 1000. It houses and mounts various functional components of the vehicle 1000, including the engine 100, transmission system, running system, steering system, and braking system. The vehicle body 200 typically comprises a frame and a body. The frame serves as the load-bearing base of the vehicle 1000, while the body is mounted on the frame and forms the passenger and cargo loading spaces.

[0118] The engine 100 is mounted on the vehicle body 200. The engine 100 is the power source of the vehicle 1000. It is used to convert the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy and drive the wheels to rotate through the transmission system, thereby propelling the vehicle 1000 to move.

[0119] The engine 100 is the engine 100 of the aforementioned embodiments. Its specific structure can be referred to the description of the aforementioned embodiments, that is, the engine 100 includes a body 20 and an injector 10 installed on the body 20.

[0120] After the engine 100 starts, fuel is atomized by the injector 10 and injected into the combustion chamber to mix with air and burn. The resulting heat energy is converted into mechanical energy and output through the crankshaft. After being reduced in speed and increased in torque by the transmission system, it drives the wheels to rotate, enabling the vehicle 1000 to move. During the movement of the vehicle 1000, the injector 10 continues to work, and its cooling component 4 continuously cools the valve body 1 internally and dissipates heat externally, keeping the injector 10 within a suitable operating temperature range and effectively inhibiting carbon deposit formation. When the vehicle 1000 has traveled a certain mileage, if maintenance of the injector 10 is required, it is only necessary to remove the nozzle assembly 3 of the injector 10 from the valve body 1 for cleaning or replacement. The maintenance operation is simple and quick, without the need to disassemble the entire engine 100 or replace the entire fuel injection system.

[0121] The vehicle 1000 provided in this application embodiment, by employing the engine 100 of the above embodiment, and the engine 100 employing the aforementioned fuel injector 10, ensures that the fuel injection system of the vehicle 1000 is not prone to performance degradation due to carbon deposits or impurities during long-term use. The engine 100 can maintain a stable and efficient combustion state for a long time, thereby improving the fuel economy and emission performance of the vehicle 1000. Simultaneously, the detachable structure of the injector nozzle assembly 3 and the detachable design of the filter element 32 allow maintenance personnel to quickly clean and replace key parts of the fuel injection system during routine maintenance or repairs of the vehicle 1000, reducing the total life-cycle cost and maintenance time cost of the vehicle 1000, and improving the ease of use and reliability of the vehicle 1000.

[0122] In some embodiments, the vehicle 1000 may include a temperature monitoring system for monitoring the temperature of the cooling medium within the cooling pipe 41.

[0123] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0124] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0125] In the description of this application, "first feature" and "second feature" may include one or more of the features.

[0126] In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more.

[0127] In the description of this application, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or the first and second features being in contact through another feature between them.

[0128] In the description of this application, the terms "above," "over," and "on top" for the first feature and the second feature include the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature.

[0129] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0130] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fuel injector, characterized in that, include: The valve body has an oil passage, and the valve body has a first end and a second end in the axial direction of the oil passage. The first end has an oil inlet hole communicating with the oil passage. A needle valve is installed in the valve body, with one end extending into the oil passage, and the needle valve is movable along the axial direction of the oil passage; A nozzle assembly is detachably installed at the second end of the valve body, and the nozzle assembly is provided with a spray hole communicating with the oil passage; A cooling assembly includes a cooling pipe and a heat-conducting component, wherein the cooling pipe is installed in the valve body and the heat-conducting component is installed on the outer peripheral wall of the valve body.

2. The injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling pipe includes an inlet pipe section, an outlet pipe section, and a spiral pipe section. The inlet pipe section and the outlet pipe section both extend along the extension direction of the oil passage. The spiral pipe section connects the inlet pipe section and the outlet pipe section and spirals around the periphery of the oil passage.

3. The injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer peripheral wall of the valve body is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation grooves, which extend along the extension direction of the oil passage and are spaced apart circumferentially along the valve body.

4. The injector according to claim 3, characterized in that, At least one of the heat dissipation slots is embedded with the heat-conducting element, and the heat-conducting element is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation holes.

5. The injector according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The nozzle assembly includes: The mounting component is detachably connected to the second end of the valve body. The mounting component is provided with an oil passage hole communicating with the oil passage. The end of the needle valve extends into the oil passage hole. A filter element is disposed within the oil passage hole; A nozzle is installed on the side of the mounting component away from the valve body, and the nozzle has multiple spray holes that communicate with the oil passage.

6. The injector according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mounting component includes a body and a connecting part. The connecting part is located on the side of the body facing the valve body, and the connecting part is annular, extending circumferentially along the valve body. The inner circumferential surface of the connecting part is threadedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the second end of the valve body. The connecting part is provided with a positioning bolt, which passes through the connecting part and is connected to the valve body.

7. The injector according to claim 6, characterized in that, The main body is provided with a positioning ring on the side facing the valve body, and the positioning ring is spaced apart from the connecting part along the radial direction of the main body; a sealing element is provided on the side of the positioning ring facing the oil passage hole; a positioning groove is provided at the second end of the valve body, and the positioning ring and the sealing element are both embedded in the positioning groove; the positioning bolt passes through the connecting part and the valve body in sequence, and is threadedly connected to the positioning ring.

8. The injector according to claim 5, characterized in that, The filter element has a receiving groove on the side facing the oil passage; and / or, The inner wall of the oil passage is provided with a limiting ring, and the filter element is supported on the side of the limiting ring facing the oil passage.

9. The injector according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The valve body has a plurality of positioning parts spaced apart along its circumference at its first end.

10. An engine, characterized in that, include: Organism; The injector as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the injector is mounted on the engine body.

11. A vehicle, characterized in that, include: Vehicle body; The engine as claimed in claim 10 is mounted on the vehicle body.

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