A portable rapid centering and positioning device and method for pipelines

Abstract

This application relates to the field of pipeline positioning, and in particular to a portable, rapid pipeline centering and positioning device and method. It includes a portable, rapid pipeline centering and positioning device with a connecting rod and rolling elements. The rolling elements are rotatably connected to both ends of the connecting rod and arranged symmetrically, each having an annular surface that abuts against the inner wall of the pipeline. A gravity-linked self-locking mechanism is provided at the centerline of the connecting rod, on which a laser generator is movably connected. When the rolling elements are in contact with the bottom of the inner wall of the pipeline, the connecting rod can automatically level itself. The gravity-linked self-locking mechanism keeps the laser generator vertical when the connecting rod is horizontal. The application also includes a positioning method using this device, comprising steps such as placing the device, self-leveling, determining the horizontal state, emitting a laser reference line, and adjusting the pipeline position. This application achieves the technical effect of enabling rapid and accurate pipeline centering and positioning, convenient operation, and improved work efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of pipeline positioning, and in particular to a portable rapid centering and positioning device and method for pipelines. Background Technology

[0002] In pipeline construction across municipal engineering, petrochemical, power construction, and water conservancy projects, the accuracy of pipeline installation directly impacts the operational safety and service life of the entire system. Pipeline centering and positioning is a crucial step in ensuring precise alignment of the pipeline axis with the design axis. Traditional pipeline centering and positioning methods typically rely on surveyors using tools such as levels, theodolites, and plumb bobs to conduct multiple measurements and markings inside and outside the pipeline. This process is cumbersome, requires at least two workers to coordinate, and the measurement accuracy is significantly affected by the workers' skill level and environmental conditions. Especially in situations with insufficient light and limited space, such as deep trenches or tunnels, the efficiency and accuracy of traditional methods are difficult to guarantee.

[0003] In recent years, to improve the efficiency and accuracy of pipeline centering and positioning, the industry has proposed several laser-assisted positioning devices. These devices typically install a laser emitter on a support at the end of the pipeline, utilizing the linear propagation characteristics of laser light to establish a visual centering baseline. However, existing laser-assisted positioning devices still have the following shortcomings in practical applications: First, initial leveling of the device largely relies on repeated manual adjustments to the support height or angle of the support, a time-consuming process with difficult-to-control accuracy, making rapid adaptive leveling challenging. Second, the vertical position of the laser emitter usually needs to be determined visually or using an independent level. When the device base is not completely level, operators may misjudge that the laser emitter is vertical and proceed with subsequent operations, resulting in positioning deviations. Third, existing devices are mostly rigid supports or clamped fixed structures, lacking attitude self-adaptation capabilities and exhibiting poor adaptability to the curved contact surfaces of the pipeline inner wall and uneven site conditions, affecting overall positioning reliability.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a pipeline rapid centering and positioning device that can overcome the above-mentioned defects, so as to simplify the operation process while ensuring the accuracy and reliability of centering and positioning, and meet the needs of efficient operation in different construction environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this application provides a portable rapid centering and positioning device and method for pipelines, which can quickly and accurately center and position pipelines, is easy to operate, and improves work efficiency.

[0006] This application is achieved through the following technical solution: A portable, rapid centering and positioning device for pipelines includes a connecting rod and rolling elements. The rolling elements are rotatably connected to the connecting rod and symmetrically arranged at both ends of the connecting rod with the centerline as a reference. Each rolling element has an annular surface capable of abutting against the inner wall of the pipeline, and the axis of rotation of the annular surface is perpendicular to the length direction of the connecting rod. A gravity-linked self-locking mechanism is provided at the centerline of the connecting rod, and a laser generator is movably connected to the gravity-linked self-locking mechanism. When the annular surface abuts against the bottom of the inner wall of the pipeline, the connecting rod automatically adjusts to a horizontal state under the action of gravity through the rolling of the rolling elements. The gravity-linked self-locking mechanism enables the laser generator to remain vertical under its own weight only when the connecting rod is horizontal.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, using the connecting rod as the basic carrier, rolling elements with annular surfaces are symmetrically arranged at both ends. When the device is placed in the pipeline, the annular surfaces of the rolling elements fit against the bottom of the inner wall of the pipeline, making the axis of the rolling elements parallel to the axis of the pipeline to be measured. Under the action of gravity, the connecting rod adjusts itself to a horizontal state through the rolling of the rolling elements, eliminating the need for repeated manual adjustment of the support height or angle, thus achieving rapid adaptive leveling of the device in the pipeline. At the same time, the gravity-linked self-locking mechanism located at the centerline of the connecting rod is movably connected to the laser generator, so that the laser generator can only be in a vertical state by its own gravity when the connecting rod is in a horizontal state. Structurally, this eliminates the possibility of operators misjudging that the laser generator is vertical when the connecting rod is not leveled and proceeding with subsequent operations, ensuring the reliability of the centering baseline, and using this to determine the horizontal state of the connecting rod, thus ensuring the reliability of the centering positioning.

[0008] Optionally, each of the rolling elements includes at least two rolling bearings mounted side by side; the inner ring of the rolling bearing is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod, and the outer ring forms the annular surface.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, each rolling element is set as at least two rolling bearings installed side by side. The inner ring of the rolling bearing is fixed to the end of the connecting rod, and the outer ring together forms a toroidal surface. This significantly increases the contact width between the rolling element and the inner wall of the pipe. After the rolling element is placed in the pipe, its rotation axis can automatically tend to be parallel to the pipe axis. This reduces the requirements of the device on the initial placement posture. The operator does not need to deliberately judge whether the rolling element is in contact with the inner wall, which further improves the device's adaptive performance and ease of operation.

[0010] Optionally, the gravity-linked self-locking mechanism includes a hinge seat fixed at the centerline of the connecting rod, a cross hinge member, and a fixed seat for mounting the laser generator; the hinge seat has an opening slot arranged along the width direction of the connecting rod; the cross hinge member includes a horizontal bar and a vertical bar arranged perpendicularly; the horizontal bar is rotatably connected between the two walls of the opening slot, allowing the laser generator to deflect along the width direction of the connecting rod; the fixed seat is rotatably connected to the vertical bar, allowing the laser generator to deflect along the length direction of the connecting rod, and the fixed seat is provided with an abutment portion; wherein, when the connecting rod is not in a horizontal state, the fixed seat deflects around the vertical bar under the action of gravity, causing the abutment portion to abut against the side wall of the opening slot, forming a self-locking mechanism to restrict the fixed seat from deflecting around the horizontal bar.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the gravity-linked self-locking mechanism is concretized into a combination of a hinged seat, a cross-hinged component, and a fixed seat. The horizontal and vertical bars of the cross-hinged component provide the laser generator with two degrees of freedom of deflection along the width and length directions of the connecting rod, respectively. When the connecting rod is not in a horizontal state, the fixed seat deflects around the vertical bar first under the action of gravity, causing the abutment part on the fixed seat to abut against the side wall of the opening slot, forming a mechanical self-lock, thereby restricting the deflection of the fixed seat around the horizontal bar, i.e., locking the swinging ability of the laser generator in the width direction; only when the connecting rod is adjusted to be horizontal, the fixed seat is no longer affected by the gravitational deflection component in the width direction, the abutment part disengages from the side wall, releasing the self-lock, and the laser generator can swing freely in both directions and eventually return to vertical under the action of gravity. This structure converts the attitude information of the connecting rod into conditional locking and releasing of the laser generator through a purely mechanical means, without relying on any electronic sensors or external power. The structure is simple and reliable, and is especially suitable for the harsh environment of pipeline construction.

[0012] Optionally, the fixing seat is provided with an abutment rod, and the abutment part is a conical tip provided at the end of the abutment rod; an elastic pad is fixed on the groove wall of the opening groove.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the abutting part is designed as a tapered tip at the end of the abutting rod, and an elastic pad is provided on the side wall of the opening groove. The cooperation between the tapered tip and the elastic pad can increase the friction coefficient and contact reliability during abutment, making the self-locking state more stable. At the same time, the elastic pad generates a small deformation during abutment to absorb the impact and protect the contact surface, thus extending the service life of the mechanism.

[0014] Optionally, the connecting rod is provided with marking lines along its length; the hinge seat is provided with an indexing plate, and the fixed seat is provided with a pointer adapted to the indexing plate. When the fixed seat deflects around the axis of the crossbar, the pointer rotates relative to the indexing plate to indicate the axial tilt angle of the pipe.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the marking line can easily read the offset distance between the laser centering baseline emitted by the laser generator and the preset baseline at the construction site, providing reference parameters for subsequent adjustment of the pipeline position. A dividing plate is installed on the hinged seat, and a pointer adapted to the dividing plate is installed on the fixed seat. When the connecting rod deflects due to the axial tilt of the pipeline, the hinged seat and the dividing plate deflect synchronously with the connecting rod, while the fixed seat remains vertical under gravity. A relative angular displacement occurs between the pointer and the dividing plate, allowing operators to directly read the axial tilt angle of the pipeline. This structure integrates the dividing plate and pointer into a gravity-linked self-locking mechanism. The fixed seat simultaneously performs the dual functions of self-locking and angle indication. The device can simultaneously acquire the pipeline's tilt attitude information while completing centering and positioning, eliminating the need to replace or add independent angle measuring tools, thus achieving functional integration and simplified operation.

[0016] Optionally, the connecting rod is provided with a pneumatic telescopic rod, which is connected to the airbag via a hose. After the connecting rod is leveled, pressing the airbag causes the movable end of the pneumatic telescopic rod to abut against the rolling element for locking.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, a pneumatic telescopic rod is installed on the connecting rod and connected to the airbag via a hose. After the connecting rod is leveled, the operator can press the airbag to remotely drive the movable end of the pneumatic telescopic rod to extend and lock against the rolling element. Because the pressing force is transmitted through the flexible hose, any shaking or displacement generated during operation is absorbed by the hose and will not be transmitted to the leveled connecting rod, fundamentally avoiding secondary interference of the locking operation on the leveling state and ensuring the stability of the centering reference.

[0018] Optionally, the connecting rod is provided with screw locking assemblies at both ends. The screw locking assembly includes a screw that is threaded into the connecting rod, and the end of the screw is used to press against the outer wall of the pipe.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, screw locking components are set at both ends of the connecting rod. By screwing the screw, the end of the screw is pressed against the inner wall of the pipe, which realizes the auxiliary fixation of the device in the pipe and prevents the device from being accidentally displaced during subsequent marking or reading. The operation is simple and the locking is reliable.

[0020] Optionally, the upper surface of the connecting rod is provided with a double-sided tube level bubble, corresponding to the length and width directions of the connecting rod respectively, to help determine the horizontal state of the connecting rod.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, a double-sided tube leveling bubble is set on the upper surface of the connecting rod, corresponding to the length and width directions respectively. Based on the judgment of gravity leveling and self-locking mechanism, the operator can further verify the horizontal state of the connecting rod by observing the leveling bubble, forming a dual verification mechanism, which improves the overall reliability of the device and the operator's confidence.

[0022] A method for rapid pipe centering and positioning, employing any of the portable rapid pipe centering and positioning devices described above, specifically includes the following steps: S1. Place the device into the pipe so that the two rolling elements fit and abut against the bottom of the inner wall of the pipe; S2. Under the action of gravity, the two rolling elements roll, causing the connecting rod to adjust itself to a horizontal state. S3. Manually shake the laser generator and observe whether it can swing freely: If the laser generator cannot swing freely, it is determined that the connecting rod is not in a horizontal state. Confirm that the rolling element is not stuck, and let the connecting rod level itself under the action of gravity until the laser generator can swing freely. Then it is determined that the connecting rod is in a horizontal state. S4. After confirming that the connecting rod is in a horizontal state, let the laser generator hang down naturally to a vertical state under its own gravity and emit a vertical laser as the laser centering reference line. S5. Adjust the position of the pipeline so that the laser centering baseline is aligned with the baseline preset at the construction site to complete the pipeline centering and positioning.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, after the device is placed in the pipeline, gravity causes the rolling element to level itself. Then, by manually shaking the laser generator to observe whether it can swing freely, the operator can visually determine whether the connecting rod has reached a horizontal state. If it cannot swing, it is confirmed that the rolling element is not stuck and it is leveled again until the laser generator can swing freely to confirm that it is horizontal. This method transforms the self-locking and unlocking states of the internal mechanism of the device into physical feedback that can be directly perceived by the operator. The judgment basis is clear, the operation threshold is low, and the uncertainty caused by relying on visual estimation or independent measuring tools is avoided.

[0024] Optionally, in step S3, the criterion for determining whether the laser generator can swing freely is: after applying an external force to cause the laser generator to deviate from the vertical position along the axial direction of the pipe, and then removing the external force, the laser generator can swing freely along the axial direction of the pipe under the action of gravity and return to the vertical state.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the standard for judging the laser generator's ability to swing freely along the pipeline axis and return to a vertical state under the action of gravity after the external force is applied to cause the laser generator to deviate from the vertical position along the pipeline axis and then the external force is removed is that the laser generator can swing freely along the pipeline axis under the action of gravity. This standard is completely consistent with the locking logic of the gravity-linked self-locking mechanism. When it is not horizontal, the self-locking mechanism restricts axial swing, and when it is horizontal, the restriction is released and axial swing is allowed to be free. The operator can accurately judge the horizontal state of the connecting rod without any measuring tools. The judgment method is intuitive and reliable.

[0026] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: This application uses a connecting rod as the basic carrier, with rolling elements with annular surfaces symmetrically arranged at both ends. When the device is placed in the pipeline, the annular surfaces of the rolling elements fit against the bottom of the inner wall of the pipeline. Under the action of gravity, the connecting rod adjusts itself to a horizontal state through the rolling of the rolling elements, eliminating the need for repeated manual adjustment of the support height or angle, thus achieving rapid self-adaptive leveling of the device in the pipeline. The gravity-linked self-locking mechanism is movably connected to the laser generator, so that the laser generator can only be in a vertical state by its own gravity when the connecting rod is in a horizontal state. Structurally, this eliminates the possibility that operators may mistakenly judge that the laser generator is vertical and perform subsequent operations when the connecting rod is not leveled, ensuring the reliability of the centering baseline. This application sets each rolling element as at least two rolling bearings installed side by side, which multiplies the contact width between the rolling element and the inner wall of the pipe, so that the rotation axis of the rolling element can automatically tend to be parallel to the pipe axis after it is placed in the pipe, reducing the requirements of the device on the initial placement posture and further improving the device's adaptive performance and ease of operation. The gravity-linked self-locking mechanism of this application converts the attitude information of the connecting rod into conditional locking and releasing of the laser generator through a purely mechanical means. It does not rely on any electronic sensors or external power, has a simple and reliable structure, and is especially suitable for the harsh environment of pipeline construction. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the portable rapid centering and positioning device for pipelines according to Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 2 This is a front view of the portable rapid centering and positioning device for pipelines according to Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 3 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the gravity-linked self-locking mechanism in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the gravity-linked self-locking mechanism in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the pneumatic telescopic rod in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pneumatic telescopic rod in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 7 This is a front view of the portable rapid centering and positioning device for pipelines according to Embodiment 2 of this application; Figure 8 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the lead screw locking assembly in Embodiment 2 of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the ball-connected gravity linkage self-locking mechanism in Embodiment 3 of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the ball joint in Embodiment 3 of this application.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Connecting rod; 11. Marking line; 12. Double-sided tube level bubble; 2. Rolling element; 21. Inner ring; 22. Outer ring; 3. Gravity-linked self-locking mechanism; 31. Hinge seat; 311. Opening groove; 312. Elastic pad; 32. Cross hinge; 321. Horizontal bar; 322. Vertical bar; 33. Fixed seat; 331. Abutment rod; 332. Conical tip; 333. Pointer; 34. Indexing plate; 35. Ball joint; 351. Ball socket; 352. Self-locking groove; 353. Self-locking top block; 4. Laser generator; 5. Pneumatic telescopic rod; 51. Hose; 52. Airbag; 53. Pressure plate; 6. Screw locking assembly; 61. Screw; 62. Arc-shaped top head; 7. Pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of various embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Example 1

[0030] Reference Figures 1 to 3 This application discloses a portable rapid centering and positioning device for a pipeline, including a connecting rod 1 and a rolling element 2. The rolling element 2 is rotatably connected to the connecting rod 1 and is symmetrically arranged at both ends of the connecting rod 1 with the centerline as the reference. The rolling element 2 has an annular surface that can abut against the inner wall of the pipeline 7, and the rotation axis of the annular surface is perpendicular to the length direction of the connecting rod 1. A gravity linkage self-locking mechanism 3 is provided at the centerline of the connecting rod 1, and a laser generator 4 is movably connected to the gravity linkage self-locking mechanism 3. When the annular surface abuts against the bottom of the inner wall of the pipeline 7, the connecting rod 1 adjusts itself to a horizontal state under the action of gravity through the rolling of the rolling element 2. The gravity linkage self-locking mechanism 3 can drive the laser generator 4 to be in a vertical state only when the connecting rod 1 is in a horizontal state, relying on its own gravity.

[0031] Reference Figures 1 to 3 Specifically, the rolling element 2 includes at least two rolling bearings installed side by side. The rolling bearings can be deep groove ball bearings with fixed inner rings, which are common and have stable performance. The inner ring 21 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 1 via a pin; a secure connection must be ensured during installation to prevent loosening during use. The outer rings 22 together form an annular surface that abuts against the inner wall of the pipe 7. The side-by-side installation of multiple rolling bearings significantly increases the contact width between the rolling element 2 and the inner wall of the pipe 7, allowing the rotation axis of the rolling element 2 to automatically tend towards parallelism with the axis of the pipe 7 after it is placed inside, reducing the requirements for the initial placement posture of the device. Of course, the rolling element 2 can also adopt other similar structures, such as multiple rollers arranged side by side, which can also achieve rolling contact and leveling functions with the inner wall of the pipe 7.

[0032] Reference Figures 2 to 4 The gravity-linked self-locking mechanism 3 includes a hinge seat 31 fixed at the centerline of the connecting rod 1, a cross hinge member 32, and a fixed seat 33 for mounting the laser generator 4. The hinge seat 31 has an opening slot 311 arranged along the width direction of the connecting rod 1, which provides space for the installation and movement of subsequent components. The cross hinge member 32 consists of a horizontal bar 321 and a vertical bar 322 arranged perpendicularly. The horizontal bar 321 is rotatably connected between the two walls of the opening slot 311. The use of a pin connection ensures that the horizontal bar 321 can rotate flexibly, allowing the laser generator 4 to deflect along the width direction of the connecting rod 1. The fixed seat 33 is rotatably connected to the connecting rod 1. The vertical rod 322 also rotates through a suitable shaft hole, allowing the laser generator 4 to deflect along the length of the connecting rod 1. The fixed seat 33 is provided with an abutment part, which can be the tapered tip 332 at the end of the abutment rod 331 on the fixed seat 33. An elastic pad 312 is fixed on the groove wall of the opening groove 311. The elastic pad 312 can be made of polyurethane rubber sheet, and its thickness and hardness can be selected according to actual needs, such as a polyurethane rubber sheet with a thickness of 2mm and a Shore A hardness of 50 degrees. This elastic pad 312 produces a slight deformation during abutment to absorb impact and protect the contact surface, extending the service life of the mechanism. When the connecting rod 1 is not in a horizontal state, the fixed seat 33 deflects around the vertical rod 322 under the action of gravity, causing the abutment part to abut against the side wall of the opening groove 311, forming a self-locking mechanism to limit the deflection of the fixed seat 33 around the horizontal rod 321.

[0033] Reference Figures 2 to 4The connecting rod 1 has marking lines 11 arranged along its length. The marking lines 11 can be set on the surface of the connecting rod 1 by etching or printing, so as to facilitate reading the offset distance between the laser centering reference line emitted by the laser generator 4 and the preset reference line at the construction site. The hinge seat 31 is provided with an indexing plate 34, which can be a circular scale plate marked with angle scale. The fixed seat 33 is provided with a pointer 333 adapted to the indexing plate 34. The pointer 333 can be a slender metal rod. When the fixed seat 33 deflects around the axis of the crossbar 321, the pointer 333 rotates relative to the indexing plate 34 to indicate the axial tilt angle of the pipe 7.

[0034] Reference Figures 2 to 4 The upper surface of the connecting rod 1 is provided with a double-sided tube level bubble 12, which corresponds to the length and width directions of the connecting rod 1 respectively, and is used to assist in judging the horizontal state of the connecting rod 1. Based on the judgment of gravity leveling and self-locking mechanism, the operator can further verify the horizontal state of the connecting rod 1 by observing the level bubble, forming a dual verification mechanism and improving the overall reliability of the device.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The connecting rod 1 is equipped with a pneumatic telescopic rod 5. The pneumatic telescopic rod 5 can be a single-acting spring-return type miniature cylinder, which is small in size and easy to operate. The pneumatic telescopic rod 5 is connected to the air bag 52 through a hose 51. The hose 51 must have a certain degree of flexibility and sealing to ensure the transmission of air pressure. A pressure plate 53 is fixed at the movable end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 5. After the connecting rod 1 is leveled, pressing the air bag 52 drives the pressure plate 53 at the movable end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 5 to abut against the rolling body 2 for locking. In this locking method, the pressing pressure is transmitted through the flexible hose 51. The shaking or displacement generated during the operation is absorbed by the hose 51 and will not be transmitted to the leveled connecting rod 1, thus fundamentally avoiding secondary interference of the locking operation on the leveling state.

[0036] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: The device uses the connecting rod 1 as the basic carrier, and the rolling bodies 2 at both ends are in close contact with the inner wall of the pipe 7. Gravity allows the connecting rod 1 to automatically adjust to a horizontal state through the rolling of the rolling bodies 2, eliminating the need for repeated manual adjustments to the support height or angle, thus achieving rapid adaptive leveling. The gravity-linked self-locking mechanism 3 converts the attitude information of the connecting rod 1 into conditional locking and releasing of the laser generator 4 through a purely mechanical means. Only when the connecting rod 1 is horizontal can the laser generator 4 swing freely and be vertical, ensuring the reliability of the centering baseline. At the same time, the setting of the marking line 11, the indexing plate 34, and the pointer 333 achieves functional integration, allowing the acquisition of the tilt attitude information of the pipe 7 while completing the centering positioning. The pneumatic telescopic rod 5 and the screw locking assembly 6 ensure the stability of the device after leveling from different aspects, while the double-sided tube level bubble 12 further improves the reliability of judging the horizontal state of the connecting rod 1. Overall, it overcomes the defects of the prior art and improves the efficiency and accuracy of the centering positioning of the pipe 7. Example 2

[0037] Reference Figures 7 to 8 The difference between this embodiment and the above embodiment is that the pneumatic locking mechanism is replaced by a screw locking assembly 6; the screw locking assembly 6 includes a threaded hole on the connecting rod 1 or a nut seat welded to the connecting rod 1; the screw 61 is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole or the nut seat, one end of the screw 61 is provided with a knurled knob for easy manual operation, and the other end is provided with an arc-shaped top 62 for pressing against the inner wall of the pipe 7; a rubber gasket is adhered to the surface of the arc-shaped top 62 to increase friction and protect the inner wall of the pipe 7.

[0038] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: After the connecting rod 1 is leveled, the operator screws the lead screw 61 so that its arc-shaped top 62 extends and presses against the inner wall of the pipe 7, thus keeping the entire device fixed inside the pipe 7. Since the tightening force of the lead screw 61 acts directly on the inner wall of the pipe 7 rather than the rolling element 2, the locking operation does not affect the rotational connection between the rolling element 2 and the connecting rod 1. The locking is reliable and the structure is simple, which can also ensure the stability of the device inside the pipe 7 and meet the positioning requirements of the pipe 7. Example 3

[0039] Reference Figures 9 to 10The difference between this embodiment and the above embodiment is that the cross hinge 32 is replaced with a ball joint 35 to achieve the integration of two swing degrees of freedom; the gravity linkage self-locking mechanism 3 includes a hinge seat 31, a ball joint 35 and a fixed seat 33; the hinge seat 31 is fixed at the center line of the connecting rod 1, and the lower end of the hinge seat 31 is provided with a hemispherical socket 351, the inner surface of the socket 351 is polished to reduce friction; the ball joint 35 is a metal sphere, the upper half of the ball joint 35 is rotatably accommodated in the socket 351 of the hinge seat 31 to form a ball hinge connection, so that the ball joint 35 can rotate freely around any horizontal axis, providing the laser generator 4 with two swing degrees of freedom along the length and width directions of the connecting rod 1; the lower half of the ball joint 35 is fixedly connected to the fixed seat 33 through a vertical connecting rod, and the laser generator 4 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fixed seat 33.

[0040] Reference Figures 9 to 10 A tapered blind hole is machined on the top of the ball joint 35 as a self-locking groove 352. An adjusting stud is screwed into the top of the ball socket 351 of the hinge seat 31 by threads. The lower end face of the adjusting stud is flat, serving as a self-locking top block 353. The center of mass of the ball joint 35 is precisely adjusted so that it maintains the vertical position of the vertical connecting rod when not subjected to external force. When the device is placed in the pipe 7, if the connecting rod 1 is not in a horizontal state, the hinge seat 31 tilts with the connecting rod 1, while the ball joint 35 tends to remain vertical under the gravity of the fixed seat 33 and the laser generator 4. At this time, the ball joint 35 deflects relative to the ball socket 351 of the hinge seat 31, so that the tapered edge of the self-locking groove 352 on the top of the ball joint 35 presses against the lower end face edge of the self-locking top block 353, generating a wedging force between them, preventing the ball joint 35 from rotating further in the ball socket 351, forming a self-lock, and the laser generator 4 cannot swing freely. When the connecting rod 1 is fully adjusted to a horizontal position under the action of gravity, the hinge seat 31 returns to a horizontal position, the lower end face of the self-locking top block 353 returns to parallel with the top of the ball joint 35, the wedging force between the conical edge of the self-locking groove 352 and the self-locking top block 353 disappears, the self-locking is released, the laser generator 4 regains its free swinging ability, and naturally hangs down to a vertical state under the action of gravity.

[0041] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: the ball joint 35 integrates the two swing degrees of freedom of the laser generator 4, making the structure more compact; the self-locking function is achieved through the cooperation between the ball joint 35 and the hinge seat 31. By utilizing the effects of gravity and wedge force, the swing of the laser generator 4 is locked when the connecting rod 1 is not horizontal, and the lock is released when it is horizontal, ensuring that the laser generator 4 provides an accurate centering reference line in a suitable state, further improving the reliability and adaptability of the device. Example 4

[0042] Reference Figures 1 to 3This application also provides a method for rapid centering and positioning of a pipeline, including the following steps: S1. Place the device into pipe 7, ensuring that the two rolling elements 2 are in contact with the bottom of the inner wall of pipe 7. During operation, ensure that the rolling elements 2 are in full contact with the inner wall of pipe 7 to guarantee smooth subsequent leveling.

[0043] S2, under the influence of gravity, the two rolling elements 2 roll, causing the connecting rod 1 to automatically adjust to a horizontal state. This process utilizes the structural characteristics of the device itself and the principle of gravity, achieving automatic leveling without much manual intervention.

[0044] S3. Manually shake the laser generator 4 and observe whether it can swing freely: If the laser generator 4 cannot swing freely, it is determined that the connecting rod 1 is not in a horizontal state. Confirm that the rolling element 2 is not stuck, and allow the connecting rod 1 to level itself again under the action of gravity until the laser generator 4 can swing freely. Then it is determined that the connecting rod 1 is in a horizontal state. The criterion for judging whether the laser generator 4 can swing freely is: after manually applying an external force to make the laser generator 4 deviate from the vertical position along the axis of the pipe 7, the external force is removed, and the laser generator 4 can swing freely along the axis of the pipe 7 under the action of gravity and return to the vertical state.

[0045] S4. After confirming that the connecting rod 1 is in a horizontal position, the laser generator 4 is allowed to naturally hang down to a vertical position under its own weight, and emits a vertical laser as the laser centering reference line. At this time, the laser centering reference line has high accuracy, providing a reliable basis for the subsequent positioning of the pipe 7.

[0046] S5, adjust the position of pipe 7 to align the laser centering baseline with the preset baseline at the construction site, completing the centering and positioning of pipe 7. Alignment can be achieved by moving pipe 7 or adjusting the position of the fine-tuning device.

[0047] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: This method utilizes the features of a portable rapid centering and positioning device for pipelines. After the device is placed in the pipeline 7, the rolling body 2 is leveled by gravity. The horizontal state of the connecting rod 1 is judged by manually shaking the laser generator 4. The self-locking and unlocking states of the internal mechanism of the device are transformed into physical feedback that can be directly perceived by the operator. The judgment basis is clear and the operation threshold is low. It avoids the uncertainty brought about by relying on visual estimation or independent measuring tools, and finally realizes rapid and accurate centering and positioning of the pipeline 7.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A portable, rapid centering and positioning device for pipelines, characterized in that, The device includes a connecting rod and rolling elements. The rolling elements are rotatably connected to the connecting rod and symmetrically arranged at both ends of the connecting rod with the centerline as a reference. Each rolling element has an annular surface that can abut against the inner wall of the pipe, and the axis of rotation of the annular surface is perpendicular to the length direction of the connecting rod. A gravity-linked self-locking mechanism is provided at the centerline of the connecting rod, and a laser generator is movably connected to the gravity-linked self-locking mechanism. When the annular surface abuts against the bottom of the inner wall of the pipe, the connecting rod automatically adjusts to a horizontal state under the action of gravity through the rolling of the rolling elements. The gravity-linked self-locking mechanism enables the laser generator to remain vertical under its own weight only when the connecting rod is horizontal.

2. The portable rapid centering and positioning device for pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the rolling elements includes at least two rolling bearings mounted side by side; the inner ring of the rolling bearing is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod, and the outer ring forms the annular surface.

3. The portable rapid centering and positioning device for pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gravity-linked self-locking mechanism includes a hinge seat, a cross hinge member, and a fixed seat for mounting the laser generator, all fixed at the centerline of the connecting rod. The hinge seat has an opening slot arranged along the width direction of the connecting rod. The cross hinge member includes a horizontal bar and a vertical bar arranged perpendicularly to each other. The horizontal bar is rotatably connected between the two walls of the opening slot, allowing the laser generator to deflect along the width direction of the connecting rod. The fixed seat is rotatably connected to the vertical bar, allowing the laser generator to deflect along the length direction of the connecting rod, and the fixed seat has an abutment portion. When the connecting rod is not in a horizontal state, the fixed seat deflects around the vertical bar under the action of gravity, causing the abutment portion to abut against the side wall of the opening slot, forming a self-locking mechanism to restrict the fixed seat from deflecting around the horizontal bar.

4. The portable rapid centering and positioning device for pipelines according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fixed base is provided with an abutment rod, and the abutment part is a conical tip set at the end of the abutment rod; an elastic pad is fixed on the groove wall of the opening groove.

5. The portable rapid centering and positioning device for pipelines according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connecting rod is provided with marking lines along its length; the hinge seat is provided with an indexing plate, and the fixed seat is provided with a pointer adapted to the indexing plate. When the fixed seat deflects around the axis of the crossbar, the pointer rotates relative to the indexing plate to indicate the axial tilt angle of the pipe.

6. The portable rapid centering and positioning device for pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting rod is equipped with a pneumatic telescopic rod, which is connected to the airbag via a hose. After the connecting rod is leveled, pressing the airbag causes the movable end of the pneumatic telescopic rod to abut against the rolling element for locking.

7. The portable rapid centering and positioning device for pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting rod is provided with screw locking assemblies at both ends. The screw locking assembly includes a screw that is threaded into the connecting rod, and the end of the screw is used to press against the outer wall of the pipe.

8. The portable rapid centering and positioning device for pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the connecting rod is provided with a double-sided tube level bubble, corresponding to the length and width directions of the connecting rod respectively, to help determine the horizontal state of the connecting rod.

9. A method for rapid centering and positioning of a pipeline, characterized in that, The portable rapid centering and positioning device for pipelines according to any one of claims 1 to 8 specifically includes the following steps: S1. Place the device into the pipe so that the two rolling elements fit and abut against the bottom of the inner wall of the pipe; S2. Under the action of gravity, the two rolling elements roll, causing the connecting rod to adjust itself to a horizontal state. S3. Manually shake the laser generator and observe whether it can swing freely: If the laser generator cannot swing freely, it is determined that the connecting rod is not in a horizontal state. Confirm that the rolling element is not stuck, and let the connecting rod level itself under the action of gravity until the laser generator can swing freely. Then it is determined that the connecting rod is in a horizontal state. S4. After confirming that the connecting rod is in a horizontal state, let the laser generator hang down naturally to a vertical state under its own gravity and emit a vertical laser as the laser centering reference line. S5. Adjust the position of the pipeline so that the laser centering baseline is aligned with the baseline preset at the construction site to complete the pipeline centering and positioning.

10. The rapid centering and positioning method for pipelines according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S3, the criterion for determining whether the laser generator can swing freely is: after applying an external force to cause the laser generator to deviate from the vertical position along the axial direction of the pipe, and then removing the external force, the laser generator can swing freely along the axial direction of the pipe under the action of gravity and return to the vertical state.

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