A floor thermal storage air conditioning system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of air conditioning technology, specifically to a floor thermal storage air conditioning system, comprising a floor thermal storage device, an integrated storage and distribution air duct, an air supply device, a water chiller, and a central controller. The floor thermal storage device is characterized by using multiple water storage units connected in series and then in parallel, with the multiple water storage units connected in series to form water storage branches, and the ends of the multiple water storage branches connected in parallel to the main chain. The beneficial effects of this invention are that it utilizes water stored under the floor as a thermal storage medium to indirectly store and release unstable green energy from wind and solar power, while also possessing advantages such as reliability, durability, energy saving, comfort, aesthetics, and low cost. Its technical solution includes a chain-type floor water storage device composed of water using the siphon bridging principle, water storage units with an interlocking upper and lower structure, and an integrated storage and distribution air duct design, possessing high practical value and representing a novel air conditioning system integrating energy storage, floor heating, and refrigeration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of air conditioning technology, specifically to a floor thermal storage air conditioning system. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of the green energy transition, the construction of new green energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind power is booming. However, due to the influence of weather changes, the power output of photovoltaic and wind power is unstable, leading to an imbalance between power fluctuations and grid absorption. Without supporting energy storage devices, these clean energy sources cannot be fully utilized. From the perspective of residential electricity consumption, there are also some problems. For example, during hot summer days or cold winter days, there is a huge demand for air conditioning during peak periods, putting great pressure on the power grid. The grid encourages users to use electricity during off-peak hours.

[0003] Adding energy storage devices can solve the above problems. Some researchers have tried to use phase change materials for thermal storage in the field of air conditioning technology, but so far no phase change material technology solution that can be truly applied and promoted has been found.

[0004] Another more economical and environmentally friendly energy storage method involves using a heat pump to produce and store cold or hot water to indirectly store electrical energy, and then using a water circulation system to regulate room temperature. However, this method requires a large water storage container, which takes up a lot of space and is not feasible for ordinary households. Currently, there is no economical and practical water storage device that does not take up too much room space.

[0005] In northern China, coal-fired heating is the primary method of heating during winter, leading to severe air pollution. Despite years of efforts to convert coal to electricity, progress has been slow. This is due to several factors, including the low efficiency of heat pumps at low temperatures and the resulting temperature fluctuations and low comfort levels during outdoor defrosting.

[0006] If water storage devices are used as indirect energy storage devices, durability factors should also be considered to ensure their widespread application.

[0007] Therefore, the present invention provides a floor thermal storage air conditioning system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention addresses the technical problems existing in the prior art by providing a floor thermal storage air conditioning system to solve the aforementioned problems.

[0009] The technical solution of this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A floor thermal storage air conditioning system, including a floor thermal storage device, an integrated storage and distribution air duct, an air supply device, a water pump, and a central controller, characterized in that the floor thermal storage device uses water as the thermal storage medium, and its water storage device is located under the floor, consisting of multiple water storage units connected in series and then in parallel. These multiple water storage units are connected in series via a siphon bridge to form water storage branches. The ends of these multiple water storage branches are then connected in parallel to the main chain via a siphon bridge. Both the water storage branches and the main chain can be extended as needed to cover the entire room floor. The main chain is connected to the water pump via water pipes. Under the action of a water pump, the water pipes draw water from the return water tank to the outlet water tank, creating a water level difference between the return water tank and the outlet water tank. All the stored water connected by the siphon flows by balancing the water level difference by gravity, thereby circulating and producing stored hot water. Figure 4 In the middle, the water level h1 is higher than h2, and the water in the branch flows from h1 to h2.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the floor heat storage device of the present invention are:

[0011] The floor water storage device of the present invention is located under the floor, does not occupy room space, and can be applied to ordinary household environments, which is conducive to its widespread promotion.

[0012] The floor water storage device of the present invention uses water as a heat storage medium, which has the advantages of being environmentally friendly, safe and inexpensive compared with other phase change materials.

[0013] The floor-mounted water storage device of this invention can store a large amount of heat as a buffer, so the indoor temperature remains unaffected when the outdoor unit defrosts in winter, ensuring good comfort. When hot water is stored under the floor, the radiant floor heating effect is comparable to traditional underfloor heating, further improving comfort. Moreover, the air conditioning system of this invention can select the time of day most favorable for the compressor to store heat based on the daily temperature changes, improving compressor efficiency. For example, storing hot water during the daytime when temperatures are high and releasing heat at night avoids the period when the outdoor unit is prone to frosting, achieving more efficient heating. Therefore, this invention is beneficial for promoting coal-to-electricity conversion projects in northern China in terms of both comfort and energy efficiency.

[0014] This invention improves the durability of water storage devices by using a series-parallel connection of multiple water storage units, combined with a siphon bridging method. It solves the problem of leakage caused by thermal expansion and contraction due to repeated temperature changes in the water storage container, leading to material fatigue damage. This chain-type water storage structure uses a siphon bridging method, rather than a rigid connection, allowing stress from thermal expansion and contraction to be released locally in each water storage unit, thus preventing stress accumulation and extending the lifespan of the water storage container. Using a siphon method to connect multiple water storage units in series is more convenient and reliable than traditional leak-proof measures such as hot-melt sealing, sealant, and gaskets. The advantage of using multiple parallel water storage chains is that the parallel flow of multiple chains ensures the total water flow velocity on the main chain meets the requirements for rapid energy storage. Without a parallel connection, using only a single water storage chain for the entire room results in excessive water resistance and a slow water flow velocity, failing to meet practical requirements.

[0015] Based on the above-mentioned floor thermal storage device technical solution, the water storage unit can be further improved as follows.

[0016] Furthermore, the water storage unit comprises two parts: a lower water storage tank and an upper bridge cover. The bridge cover is a siphon bridging device with an enlarged top that matches the length and width of the water storage tank. The bridge cover serves as both a cover for the water storage tank and a water storage container within the enlarged space. The two siphon ports of the bridge cover are inserted into two adjacent water storage tanks, submerged below the water surface. The siphon principle connects the water in the two tanks. Multiple water storage tanks and bridge covers continuously interlock and extend vertically, forming a relatively long water storage branch chain. This branch chain is then connected to the outlet and return water tanks of the main chain via outlet and return water bridge covers using a siphon bridging method, thus connecting the water in the branch chain with the water in the main chain.

[0017] The advantage of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the benefits of using an interlocking connection method are:

[0018] 1) The bridge cover itself can serve as a cover for the water storage tank, reducing the number of system parts.

[0019] The bridge cover itself also functions as a water storage container, improving the utilization rate of water storage space. If ordinary siphon pipes are used to connect the water storage tanks on both sides, the protruding part of the siphon pipe above the water surface occupies height and wastes space. Since the water storage device of this invention is located under the floor, it is desirable to utilize the floor height as efficiently as possible to store more water while consuming a certain amount of room height.

[0020] The water storage tank and bridge cover feature an automatic locking design that relies on the bridge cover's own weight, creating an open structure. Compared to closed water storage structures, this design naturally adapts to the thermal expansion and contraction of water, eliminating the need for a traditional expansion tank. Furthermore, this structure is freeze-resistant; when water freezes, the expansion tank and bridge cover naturally separate, and the ice melts and recovers due to gravity, preventing damage.

[0021] Furthermore, an optimized design can be used between the water storage tank and the bridge cover, with the ratio of the design life of the water storage tank to the design life of the bridge cover ranging from 1.2 to 3.

[0022] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solutions is that, by considering material durability factors during the design phase, the design life of the water storage tank can be ensured to be longer than that of the bridge cover. Durability factors include the use of different materials, material thickness, corrosion-resistant coatings, and multi-layer composite materials. The beneficial effect is that the system can proactively indicate when the water storage device has reached the end of its lifespan, avoiding sudden leaks. Normally, the inside of a bridge cover is filled with water under negative pressure. However, when a bridge cover reaches the end of its lifespan, the negative pressure causes air to be drawn in from the damaged area, leading to a drop in the water level. Once the water level drops and the siphon bridge breaks, it cannot automatically recover, thus stopping the water flow in that storage branch. The failure of numerous storage branches will manifest as a decrease in heat storage performance and a weakening of heating and cooling functions, making users aware of the system malfunction and requiring repair. The failure process of the bridge cover is a gradual and slow progression from a single failure to multiple failures. The water that drops due to air leakage slowly diffuses to other water storage units, thus preventing large-scale, continuous leaks that could damage the interior decoration and avoiding the risk of leaks at the end of the lifespan. According to typical user habits, equipment often exceeds its service life; if the equipment is not broken, it will continue to be used. The bridge cover failure strategy of this invention utilizes natural protection methods based on physical laws, offering high reliability and preventing the risk of sudden water leakage. The ratio of the design life of the water storage tank to the design life of the bridge cover is preferably between 1.2 and 3. A ratio less than 1.2 results in a small tolerance range for actual lifespan error and a high risk; a ratio greater than 3 leads to high water storage tank costs and poor economic efficiency.

[0023] Furthermore, the water storage unit and the heat dissipation duct are integrated into one unit in the integrated storage and dissipation air duct. There is an upper insulation board above the water storage unit and a lower insulation board below the water storage unit. There is a wall insulation board between the water storage unit and the wall. The lower insulation board is laid on the floor slab. There are gaps between each water storage unit. The fan blows room air into the air duct formed between the upper and lower insulation boards. The airflow exchanges heat with the water storage unit and finally returns to the room from the gap-like air outlet on the wall. This forms an integrated air duct with both water storage and heat dissipation functions. Vertical support rods are distributed in the gaps between the water storage units. The support rods pass through the upper and lower insulation boards and support the weight of the floor substrate, the floor decoration layer on it, and the objects in the room.

[0024] Option A involves installing a capillary guide strip below the water storage unit. The capillary guide strip collects water into a capillary channel, which then leads to the drain pipe. The bottom of the capillary channel is lined with the capillary guide strip. The capillary guide strip is made of a hydrophilic material and is a device that utilizes the wetting phenomenon of condensate on this material to guide the flow of condensate. The horizontal height of the capillary channel is lower than that of the capillary guide strip below the water storage unit, allowing the condensate to flow naturally under gravity.

[0025] Option B: There is a gap between the upper insulation board above the water storage unit and the ground substrate, and the ground substrate, upper insulation board, and lower insulation board form upper and lower air ducts respectively.

[0026] Option C: The water dispenser also supports the production of cold water.

[0027] Options A, B, and C can be combined in the following ways:

[0028] If you do not select A, B, or C, then it is a single-heating air conditioning system.

[0029] Option A, option B, or option C is a combined heating and cooling air conditioning system.

[0030] Furthermore, the air supply device includes an air filter and a fan; if there are upper and lower air ducts, it also includes upper and lower air duct dampers to control the airflow. Indoor air first passes through the air filter and then, under the action of the fan, is sent into the inlet of the integrated storage and distribution air duct. Each room can have its own air supply device, or multiple rooms can share a single high-power fan, blowing air into the integrated storage and distribution air duct of multiple rooms through multiple branch air supply ducts. When the air supply duct needs to cross the water storage branch, an extended bridge cover can be used to span two spaced-apart water storage tanks, with space underneath the bridge cover for the air supply duct. The mode of one large fan and multiple dampers can also be changed to a mode where multiple independent small variable-speed fans independently control the airflow of each air duct.

[0031] The advantages of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are that the system composed of integrated storage and distribution air ducts and air supply devices is simple, has a low failure rate, and the air outlet is concise and aesthetically pleasing; adding simple options A, B, and C can realize an integrated heating and cooling air conditioning system. Compared with traditional air conditioning energy storage systems using water tanks, which require circulating water from the storage tank to the room's surface cooler through pipelines, and then using a fan to blow the surface cooler to exchange heat with the indoor air to adjust the room temperature, making the system complex, this invention directly uses the water storage unit as the surface cooler, resulting in high heat dissipation efficiency, a simple system, and a low failure rate. Its wall-mounted air outlet can be integrated with the baseboard design, resulting in a concise and aesthetically pleasing appearance. The beneficial effects also include better energy-saving performance. The water storage unit itself forms a large-area surface cooler, making its heat dissipation efficiency high. This means that compared with other systems, a lower water temperature difference can be used to control the same room temperature, thereby improving the heating and cooling efficiency of the heat pump. In addition, when people are away, the fan speed can be reduced or the fan can be turned off; when people return home, the air circulation can be quickly activated to rapidly restore the indoor temperature, thus achieving energy-saving effects. Traditional coil-type underfloor heating systems, due to their slow heating characteristic, cannot be turned off when leaving the house. The actual effect of this system's heating mode can be understood as a floor heating system that supports rapid temperature adjustment, offering both the comfort of radiant floor heating and the ability to quickly raise the temperature of warm air. In summer cooling mode, this invention also has energy-saving effects. Because its air outlets spray air upwards, it can cool only the air in the lower half of the room where people are active, while the warm air in the upper half of the room floats on top and does not require cooling, thus achieving energy savings. Traditional air conditioners have air inlets at a high position, inevitably drawing in hot air from above.

[0032] Furthermore, the water-cooled water heater is an outdoor unit of an air-source or ground-source heat pump type air conditioner that produces hot or cold water by absorbing or releasing heat from the air or groundwater. The water heater is connected to the floor heating storage device in the room via water pipes. The connection between the water heater and the floor heating storage device can be such that one water heater is connected to the floor heating storage device in one room, or a high-power water heater is connected to the floor heating storage devices in multiple rooms.

[0033] Furthermore, the central controller can collect data from the temperature sensors of the water storage unit and the room air temperature sensors. Based on the sensor data, the central controller controls the start and stop of the water turbine, the speed of the fan, and the opening and closing of the upper and lower air duct dampers, thereby controlling the room temperature within a set range. Optionally, the central controller has a network connection function, which can receive grid energy storage dispatch commands to start the water turbine for energy storage, realizing remote energy storage dispatch function. Optionally, the central controller has an automatic peak-shaving energy storage function, which can automatically utilize off-peak electricity periods for thermal or cold storage. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the air duct structure of the single-heating-function floor thermal storage air conditioner of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the air duct structure of the floor thermal storage air conditioner with heating and cooling functions of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the water circulation process of the water storage unit of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the water storage branch chain connection method of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the air supply duct crossing the water storage branch of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the initial water injection process of the water storage branch chain according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 The diagram shows the components of the water storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figures 8 to 15 This is a diagram illustrating the installation process of the water storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0043] 1. Lower insulation board; 2. Capillary guide strip; 3. Water storage unit; 310. Main chain; 311. Water outlet trough; 312. Water return trough; 313. Main chain bridge; 314. Water pipe; 320. Water storage branch chain; 321. Water outlet end bridge cover; 322. Bridge cover; 323. Water storage trough; 324. Water return end bridge cover; 325. Water storage; 326. U-shaped air guide pipe; 327. Long bridge cover; 328. Air supply duct; 330. Water machine; 4. Upper insulation board; 5. Ground substrate; 6. Wall insulation board; 7. Capillary guide trough; 8. Fan; 9. Air filter device; 10. Upper air duct damper; 11. Lower air duct damper; 12. Floor slab; 13. Wall; 14. Air outlet; 15. Ground decoration layer; 16. Support rod. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0045] The present invention provides the following preferred embodiments.

[0046] like Figure 1-15As shown, a floor thermal storage air conditioning system includes a floor thermal storage device, an integrated storage and distribution air duct, an air supply device, a water turbine 330, and a central controller. The floor thermal storage device uses water as the thermal storage medium. Its water storage unit is laid under the room floor and consists of multiple water storage units 3 connected in series and then in parallel. These multiple water storage units 3 are connected in series via a siphon bridge to form water storage branches 320. The ends of these multiple water storage branches 320 are then connected in parallel to a main chain 310 via a siphon bridge. Both the water storage branches 320 and the main chain 310 can be extended as needed to cover the entire room floor. The main chain 310 is connected to the water turbine 330 via a water pipe 314. The water pipe 314, under the action of a water pump, draws water from a return water tank 312 to an outlet water tank 311, creating a water level difference between the return water tank 312 and the outlet water tank 311. All the water stored in the siphon-connected system 325 flows by gravity to balance the water level difference, thereby circulating and producing stored hot water.

[0047] The water storage unit 3 consists of two parts: the lower part is the water storage tank 323, and the upper part is the bridge cover 322. The bridge cover 322 is a siphon bridging device, and the top of the siphon tube is enlarged. The top is the same length and width as the water storage tank 323. The bridge cover 322 serves as the cover of the water storage tank 323, and the enlarged space of the bridge cover 322 also serves as a water storage container. The two siphon ports of the bridge cover 322 are inserted into two adjacent water storage tanks 323 respectively. The siphon ports are submerged below the water surface of the water storage tanks 323. The water storage 325 of the two tanks is connected by the siphon principle. Multiple water storage tanks 323 and bridge covers 322 are continuously interlocked and extended to form a long water storage branch chain 320. The water storage branch chain 320 is then connected to the water outlet tank 311 and the water return tank 312 of the main chain 310 by the water outlet bridge cover 321 and the water return bridge cover 324 respectively in the form of a siphon bridge, so that the water storage 325 in the water storage branch chain 320 is connected to the water in the main chain 310.

[0048] The main chain 310 consists of an outlet tank 311 and a return tank 312, which can be connected in series via a siphon bridge 313.

[0049] Between the water storage tank 323 and the main chain bridge cover 313, the ratio of the design life of the water storage tank 323 to the design life of the main chain bridge cover 313 ranges from 1.2 to 3.

[0050] In the integrated storage and dissipation air duct, the water storage unit 3 and the heat dissipation air duct are integrated into one unit. There is an upper insulation board 4 above the water storage unit 3 and a lower insulation board 1 below the water storage unit 3. There is a wall insulation board 6 between the water storage unit 3 and the wall 13. The lower insulation board 1 is laid on the floor slab 12. There are gaps between each water storage unit 3. The fan 8 blows room air into the air duct formed between the upper insulation board 4 and the lower insulation board 1. The airflow exchanges heat with the water storage unit 3 and finally returns to the room from the gap-like air outlet 14 on the wall side, thus forming an integrated air duct with water storage and heat dissipation functions. Vertical support rods 16 are distributed in the gaps between the water storage units 3. The support rods 16 pass through the upper insulation board 4 and the lower insulation board 1, supporting the weight of the ground base plate 5, the floor decoration layer 15 on it, and the objects in the room.

[0051] Option A: A capillary guide belt 2 is installed under the water storage unit 3. The capillary guide belt 2 is collected into the capillary guide channel 7, which is then connected to the drain pipe. The bottom of the capillary guide channel 7 is lined with the capillary guide belt 2, which is made of a hydrophilic material. It is a device that uses the wetting phenomenon of condensate on the material to guide the condensate. The horizontal height of the capillary guide channel 7 is lower than that of the capillary guide belt 2 at the bottom of the water storage unit 3, so that the condensate flows naturally under the action of gravity.

[0052] Option B: There is a gap between the upper insulation plate 4 above the water storage unit 3 and the ground substrate 5, and the ground substrate 5, the upper insulation plate 4, and the lower insulation plate 1 form upper and lower air ducts respectively.

[0053] Option C, the water purifier 330 also supports the production of cold water.

[0054] Options A, B, and C can be combined in the following ways:

[0055] If you do not select A, B, or C, then it is a single-heating air conditioning system.

[0056] Option A, option B, or option C is a combined heating and cooling air conditioning system.

[0057] The air supply device includes an air filter 9 and a fan 8. If there are upper and lower air ducts, it also includes an upper air duct damper 10 and a lower air duct damper 11 to control the air volume. The indoor air first passes through the air filter 9, and then, under the action of the fan 8, the air is sent into the inlet of the integrated storage and distribution air duct. Each room can be equipped with an air supply device, or multiple rooms can share a high-power fan 8 to blow air into the integrated storage and distribution air ducts of multiple rooms through multiple branch air supply ducts 328. When the air supply duct 328 needs to cross the water storage branch chain 320, an extended bridge cover 327 can be used to span two spaced water storage tanks 323. There is space under the bridge cover 327 to arrange the air supply duct 328. The mode of one large fan 8 plus multiple dampers can also be changed to a mode of multiple independent small speed-regulating fans to independently control the air volume of each air duct.

[0058] The Water Heater 330 is an outdoor unit of an air-source or ground-source heat pump air conditioner that produces hot or cold water by absorbing or releasing heat from the air or groundwater. The Water Heater 330 is connected to the floor heat storage device in the room via water pipes. The connection between the Water Heater 330 and the floor heat storage device can be either one Water Heater 330 connected to the floor heat storage device in one room or one high-power Water Heater 330 connected to the floor heat storage devices in multiple rooms.

[0059] The central controller can collect data from the temperature sensors of the water storage unit 3 and the room air temperature sensor. Based on the sensor data, the central controller controls the start and stop of the water chiller 330, the speed of the fan 8, and the opening and closing of the upper air duct damper 10 and the lower air duct damper 11, thereby controlling the room temperature within the set range.

[0060] The central controller has a network function, which can receive grid energy storage dispatch instructions, start the water turbine 330 for energy storage, realize remote energy storage dispatch function, and the central controller has an automatic peak-shaving energy storage function, which can automatically utilize off-peak electricity periods for thermal or cold storage.

[0061] To simplify the description, a 2×2 partial installation process is used to illustrate its hierarchical structure. This example selects the installation of capillary guide strips 2, capillary guide channels 7, and an upper air duct to support integrated heating and cooling air conditioning functionality. The required water storage unit 3 components are as follows... Figure 7 As shown. Specific installation steps: First, as... Figure 8 Lay the insulation board 1 and capillary guide channel 7; then, as Figure 9 Install support column 16; then, as Figure 10 Install capillary guide belt 2; then, as Figure 11 Install the outlet water tank 311, return water tank 312, water storage tank 323, and U-shaped air duct 326; then, as... Figure 12 Install the outlet bridge cover 321, the return bridge cover 324, and the bridge cover 322; then, as follows Figure 13 Install the main chain bridge 313 to extend the main chain 310, and lay more water storage branch chains 320; then, as Figure 14 Install insulation board 4; then, as Figure 15 Install the ground base plate 5 and connect the main chain 310 and the water pipe 314.

[0062] Among them, Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 During this process, water needs to be injected into the water storage branch 320 via water storage 325. The water injection process is as follows: Figure 6 Step S1: Place U-shaped air guide pipes 326 in the outlet tank 311 and all water storage tanks 323 of the branch chain, then fill all water storage tanks 323 of the branch chain with water, and prevent water from entering the air guide pipes; Step S2: Cover all branches with bridge covers 322; Step S3: Slowly evacuate air from the U-shaped air guide pipes 326 in the outlet tank 311, causing the water level in the bridge cover 322 to rise slowly, while simultaneously slowly replenishing the outlet tank 311 and return tank 312 with stored water 325; Step S4: Continue to pump air and replenish water 325 until water 325 is pumped out of the U-shaped air duct 326, indicating that the water 325 inside the outlet end bridge cover 321 is nearly full; Step S5: Remove the U-shaped air duct 326 inside the outlet end bridge cover 321. The remaining U-shaped air ducts 326 are left inside because they are inconvenient to remove. A small amount of air will remain on the top of the bridge cover 322. This air will be gradually absorbed by the water 325 during the circulation process.

[0063] The basic principle behind the absorption of residual air inside the bridge cover 322 is based on the principle that the solubility of air in water decreases as temperature increases. In heating mode, when the water storage 325 is heated by the heat exchanger, the water temperature rises, the dissolved air in the water becomes saturated, bubbles are released from the heat exchanger surface, and the hot water circulates back into the bridge cover 322. After all the water storage 325 in the bridge cover 322 has been heated to the predetermined temperature, the circulation of the water storage 325 stops. During the subsequent slow release of heat from the bridge cover 322, the water temperature decreases, and the solubility of air in the water storage 325 increases, causing the water storage 325 to absorb the residual air at the top of the bridge cover 322. After multiple water circulations, all the air inside the bridge cover 322 is completely absorbed by the water storage 325. The system is equipped with a water replenishment device to replenish the water storage 325 as needed.

[0064] The following is based on an actual usable area of ​​20m² 2 Taking a room as an example, calculate the heat storage and heat dissipation performance parameters of that room.

[0065] The bottom dimensions of the water storage tank 323 are 5cm × 10cm. After the bridge cover 322 is fastened, the total height of the bridge cover 322 and the water storage tank 323 is 5cm. The water storage unit 3 is supported by the support column, and its upper and lower surfaces are suspended. To simplify the calculation, it is assumed that the originally staggered bridge cover 322 and water storage tank 323 are geometrically cut and translated horizontally, so that the upper and lower parts are aligned and transformed into a 5cm × 10cm × 5cm cube. It can be seen that the heat dissipation surface area of ​​a single water storage cube after the transformation is:

[0066] S 上表面 +S 下表面 +2S 长边侧面 +S 短边侧面 =5S 下表面

[0067] That is, the heat dissipation area of ​​all water storage units 3 is 5 times the room area. Based on an actual usable heat dissipation area of ​​90%, the total heat dissipation surface area is:

[0068] Total heat dissipation surface area = room area × 5 × 0.9 = 20 × 5 × 0.9 = 90m² 2

[0069] Below is a comparison with the installation of a traditional air conditioner, 20m 2 The room requires a 3500W surface cooler. Following design convention, the total heat exchange area of ​​the surface cooler fins is approximately 10m². 2 In comparison, the heat dissipation area of ​​this invention is 90m². 2 This method offers significant advantages, allowing for the use of smaller water temperature differences. In this example, the minimum temperature difference between the water and room temperature is set at 4℃. The target room temperature for winter is 20℃, and the water temperature range is set at 24℃~42℃. The water temperature variation is 18℃, the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2J / g, the water layer height is 5cm, and the actual utilization rate of the water layer is calculated as 90%. The total water storage capacity is:

[0070] Total water storage capacity = Room area × Water storage layer height × 0.9 = 20 × 0.05 × 0.9 = 0.9t

[0071] Calculate the total heat storage:

[0072] Total heat storage = weight of water × temperature difference × specific heat capacity of water = 0.9 × 18 × 4.2 = 68.04 MJ

[0073] According to the standard for energy-efficient residential buildings in a certain region, the winter heating load is 40-50 W / m². 2 In this example, the load is calculated based on an 80% usable floor area ratio, converted to the actual usable floor area within the unit. The winter and summer loads are set at 60W / m². 2 The actual usable area of ​​the room is 20m². 2Therefore, the required heat load for this room is approximately 1200W. The longest heat release time of this water storage device is:

[0074] Maximum release time = Total heat storage / Heat load = 68.04 × 10⁶ / 1200 / 3600 = 15.75 h

[0075] Assuming the outdoor unit has a maximum heating capacity of 3500W, the time required to store 68.04MJ of heat is:

[0076] Thermal storage time = Total heat storage / Heating power = 68.04 × 10⁶ / 3500 / 3600 = 5.4h

[0077] Therefore, surplus solar energy generated during the day can be used to store heat, and then the heat can be released at night to achieve continuous room temperature regulation.

[0078] The materials for the outlet tank 311, return tank 312, storage tank 323, main chain bridge 313, and bridge cover 322 are widely selectable, including glass, ceramics, plastics, resin, or metal sheet stamping. The appropriate material can be selected by comprehensively considering material cost and lifespan. This example uses a manufacturing method that involves melting and re-forming waste glass to promote resource recycling, resulting in low cost and long lifespan.

[0079] Example 1 of integrated storage and distribution air duct structure:

[0080] The integrated storage and distribution duct structure in this example supports a single heating function. For example... Figure 1 As shown, a single air duct connects the upper insulation board 4 and the lower insulation board 1, while a water storage unit 3 connects them. Indoor air first passes through an air filter 9, then enters the air duct under the action of a centrifugal fan 8, exchanges heat with the water storage unit 3, and finally returns to the room through the wall-mounted air outlet 14. The wall-mounted air outlet 14 is integrated with the room floor skirting board, which is hollow inside. Its lower part connects to the integrated air storage and dissipation duct, and a 5mm wide gap at the top of the skirting board serves as the air outlet 14. The total length of the skirting board is 16m. The gap in the air outlet is equipped with a self-opening and closing insect-proof baffle that automatically opens when there is wind pressure. The lower insulation board 1 and the upper insulation board 4 are made of extruded polystyrene board, the floor substrate 5 is made of steel mesh cement board, and the floor decoration layer 15 is made of composite wood flooring. The thickness of each layer of the air duct and the corresponding thermal resistance calculation are shown in Table 1.

[0081] *Note: The thermal resistance of the ground air layer and the air layer below are empirical values ​​that comprehensively consider both radiation and convection heat transfer.

[0082]

[0083] Table 1

[0084] To evaluate the performance of this integrated storage and distribution ventilation duct, the performance was calculated under various water storage temperature operating modes. It was assumed that the room temperature was controlled at 18℃ in standby mode, the target room temperature was controlled at 20℃, and the downstairs room temperature was 18℃.

[0085]

[0086] Table 2

[0087] The "Standby Mode" column in Table 2 indicates that when no one is in the room, fan 8 stops working, the heat exchange in the air duct is 0, and the floor heat conduction is less than 60W / m. 2 If the heat output is lower than the room's required heat capacity, the system enters a low-heat standby mode to achieve energy savings. The table shows that the higher the water storage temperature (Tw), the higher the heat transfer (Pf) from the floor to the room. Therefore, to improve energy-saving insulation performance, the maximum water storage temperature (Tw) can be lowered, but this will reduce the system's maximum heat storage capacity.

[0088] The "High-Speed ​​Operation Mode" column in Table 2 indicates that when a person enters the room, fan 8 enters high-speed operation mode to quickly heat the room. In high-speed operation mode, fan 8 operates at maximum power, with a maximum air velocity V = 3 m / s at the air outlet 14. In this mode, the power per unit area Pr in the room is greater than 60 W / m². 2 The rated heat load is sufficient to quickly heat the room. The peak heating capacity of the room is 20×10¹=2020W when the water storage temperature is 24℃, and the peak heating capacity of the room is 20×40²=8040W when the water storage temperature is 42℃. Compared with the maximum heating capacity of 3500W of a traditional 1.5P air conditioner, this invention has a higher peak heating power.

[0089] The "Rated Operating Mode" column in Table 2 indicates that after running in high-speed operating mode for a period of time, the room temperature has reached the set temperature, and then it switches to the rated 60W / m. 2 When operating at high power, the floor's thermal conductivity is less than 60W / m. 2 Part of the heat is compensated by heat exchange in the air ducts, maintaining the total heat per unit area of ​​the room at 60W / m². 2 As can be seen from Table 2, the wind speed is low in the rated operating mode, giving people a relatively quiet and comfortable feeling.

[0090] The heat loss Pl from downstairs refers to the heat lost from the water storage unit 3 to downstairs. It is related to the thickness of the lower insulation board 1 and can be adjusted appropriately according to economic considerations and specific environmental conditions.

[0091] Table 2 shows the relevant calculation formulas:

[0092] Heat conducted into the room through the floor:

[0093] Pf=(Tw-Tr) / Ru

[0094] Heat lost from water storage unit 3 to the floor below:

[0095] Pl=(Tw-Td) / Rd

[0096] Where Tw is the water storage temperature, Tr is the room temperature, Td is the room temperature downstairs, Ru is the thermal resistance from the water storage layer to the room in Table 1, and Rd is the thermal resistance from the water storage layer to the downstairs in Table 1.

[0097] The calculation method for duct heat exchange differs between high-speed and rated operating modes. In high-speed mode, the maximum air velocity at outlet 14 is first determined to be V = 3 m / s, and then the heat exchange capacity of the duct at this point is calculated. In rated operating mode, the required duct heat exchange compensation is first determined, and then the air velocity at outlet 14 is calculated.

[0098] In high-speed operation mode, given that the air velocity at outlet 14 is Vmax = 3 m / s, calculate the heat exchange of the air duct.

[0099] First, calculate the area of ​​air outlet 14:

[0100] A = L × W

[0101] Where L is the total length of the skirting board air vent 14, W is the width of the gap in the air vent 14, and A is the total area of ​​the air vent 14. In this example, let L = 16m and W = 5mm, then A = 16 × 0.005 = 0.08m. 2

[0102] Next, calculate the airflow in the duct:

[0103] Qc = Vmax × A

[0104] High-speed operation mode airflow heat exchange:

[0105] Pc = Qc × ρ × c × ΔT / S

[0106] Where ρ is the air density, 1.205 kg / m³ 3 c is the specific heat capacity of air, 1005 J / (kg·K), and ΔT is the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the air duct. Because the heat exchange surface area is very large, the temperature difference between the outlet air temperature and the water storage unit 3 is less than 1 degree. Therefore, ΔT is approximately taken as the temperature difference between the room temperature and the water storage unit 3, ΔT = Tr - Tw, where S is the room area.

[0107] Under rated operating conditions, given Pc = 60 - Pf, calculate the air velocity at the outlet (14). Where 60 represents the actual required 60 W / m³. 2 The room's rated heat load, Pc, is used to compensate for any shortfall in Pf. That is, when the floor heat transfer does not reach the rated heat transfer capacity, it needs to be compensated through heat exchange in the air duct.

[0108] First, calculate the airflow rate in the duct:

[0109] Qc = Pc / (ρ × c × ΔT)

[0110] Then calculate the air velocity at the air outlet:

[0111] V=Qc / A

[0112] Method for calculating total indoor heating capacity:

[0113] Pr = Pf + Pc

[0114] Example 2 of integrated storage and distribution air duct structure:

[0115] The duct structure in this example supports integrated heating and cooling air conditioning functionality, such as... Figure 2 As shown, by adding an upper air duct and a capillary guide belt 2, heating and cooling functions can be supported simultaneously.

[0116] The thickness of each layer of the air duct and the corresponding thermal resistance are calculated as shown in Table 3.

[0117]

[0118] Table 3

[0119] The performance data for the winter heating mode is shown in Table 4. In heating mode, the upper air duct is closed, and at this time, the upper air duct is equivalent to a heat insulation layer, and the airflow mainly exchanges heat through the lower air duct. Therefore, the calculation method for the data in Table 4 is the same as that in Table 2.

[0120]

[0121] Table 4

[0122] The operating performance parameters under summer cooling mode are shown in Table 5. The summer water storage temperature range is set to 4℃~22℃, and the room's rated cooling load is set to 50W / m². 2 .

[0123] The main challenge in summer cooling is preventing condensation on the floor. The specific control method for preventing condensation is to continuously remove cool air through the upper air duct, preventing condensation caused by the accumulation of cool air on the floor. First, the relative humidity of the room air is controlled to 50%, and airflow through the lower air duct can quickly reduce indoor humidity. At a room temperature of 28℃ and a relative humidity of 50%, the dew point is 16.6℃. Controlling the surface temperature above the dew point will prevent condensation. In standby mode, high-speed mode, and rated operating mode, there is continuous airflow in the upper air duct to prevent condensation. Under steady-state conditions, the surface temperature is equal to the temperature of the airflow in the upper air duct. The temperature of the airflow in the upper air duct decreases gradually from the duct inlet to the outlet. Therefore, when the upper air duct temperature and the floor enter steady-state heat transfer, the lowest floor temperature is located above the upper air duct outlet. As shown in Table 5, the lowest floor temperature Tm is higher than the dew point temperature in all operating modes, thus preventing condensation.

[0124]

[0125] Table 5

[0126] The unique characteristic of indoor air cooling in summer is that cold air has a higher density, resulting in a stratified temperature distribution: warm air rises to the top and cold air sinks to the bottom. Convection between these upper and lower air layers is relatively weak. Table 5 shows the temperatures at different heights, from T1 to T4. The airflow speed at the baseboard vent 14 affects the temperature at these different heights. In standby mode, the airflow speed at vent 14 is weak, resulting in low temperatures only near the ground. Therefore, in standby mode, aside from the small amount of cool air consumed to prevent condensation on the floor, it maximizes the retention of cool air. In rated operating mode, the airflow speed at vent 14 is precisely at the height of people's activity, thus achieving good energy savings.

[0127] Table 5 contains the relevant calculation formulas:

[0128] To prevent condensation on the ground, the minimum airflow Qu of the updraft duct needs to be determined.

[0129] The known parameters that can be obtained through temperature sensors are: water storage temperature Tw, and ground air temperature T1 and T2.

[0130] Constant parameter: Thermal resistance Rb of the upper insulation board 4, from Table 3, Rb = 1.042m. 2 • K / W, air density ρ = 1.205 kg / m³ 3 The specific heat capacity of air is c = 1005 J / (kg·K), and the room area is S = 20 m². 2 .

[0131] Other conditions: According to the relative humidity table, when the air humidity is 50%, the difference between the dew point and room temperature at various temperatures is approximately 10℃~11℃. For safety, the maximum temperature difference is limited to 8℃, i.e., Tm>T1-8. The air inlet temperature Te of the upper duct is taken as the average of the ground air temperatures T1 and T2, Te=(T1+T2) / 2. Under steady-state conditions, the heat transfer Pu of the duct is equal to the heat transfer Pb of the upper insulation board 4. When calculating the temperature difference between the two sides of the upper insulation board 4, the average duct temperature Tc=(Te+Tx) / 2 is taken, then the heat transfer Pb of the upper insulation board 4 is Pb=(Tc-Tw) / Rb. The minimum airflow of fan 8 is 50m³ / h. 3 The average value of / h, i.e., Te=(T1+T2) / 2,

[0132] The unknown parameters are: minimum ground temperature Tm, air outlet temperature Tx in the upwind duct, and air volume Qu in the upwind duct.

[0133] Solve system of equations 1:

[0134] Pu = Qu / 3600 × ρ × c × (Te - Tx) / S

[0135] Pu=(Tc-Tw) / Rb

[0136] Pu=Pb

[0137] Tm>T1-8

[0138] Tm=Tx

[0139] Tc=(Te+Tx) / 2

[0140] Te = (T1 + T2) / 2

[0141] Solving for:

[0142] Qu>[(T2+T1-2Tw) / (T2-T1+16)-0.5] / (ρ×c×Rb / S)×3600

[0143] Perform minimum value correction again:

[0144] Qu = Max(Qu, 50)

[0145] Standby mode, downflow air volume:

[0146] Qd=0

[0147] High-speed operating mode, downdraft airflow calculation:

[0148] Qd = Vmax × A × 3600 - Qu

[0149] Where Vmax=3m / s is used to calculate the total air volume when the highest wind speed is reached, A is the area of ​​the air outlet 14 (the calculation method is the same as the calculation formula in Table 2), and Qu is the air volume of the upwind duct.

[0150] To calculate the downdraft airflow in rated operating mode, first calculate the required heat exchange in the downdraft:

[0151] Pd=50-Pu

[0152] Where 50 represents the rated cooling capacity, and the ground heat transfer Pf is 0 under steady state, the total cooling capacity is the sum of the heat transfer from the upper and lower air ducts, and the total indoor cooling capacity Pr = 50 W / m². 2 Pu can be calculated using equation system 1.

[0153] Calculate the airflow in the downwind duct:

[0154] Qd=Pd / (ρ×c×ΔT)×S×3600

[0155] Where ρ is the air density, 1.205 kg / m³ 3 c is the specific heat capacity of air, 1005 J / (kg·K), and ΔT is the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the air duct. Because the heat exchange surface area of ​​the lower air duct is very large, the temperature difference between the outlet air temperature and the water storage unit 3 is less than 1 degree. Therefore, ΔT = Te - Tw here, and S is the room area.

[0156] Air outlet wind speed calculation:

[0157] V=(Qu+Qd) / 3600 / A

[0158] Where Qu is the air volume of the upper air duct, Qd is the air volume of the lower air duct, and A is the area of ​​the air outlet 14 (the calculation method is the same as the calculation formula in Table 2).

[0159] Total indoor cooling capacity under each operating mode:

[0160] Pr=Pu+Pd

[0161] Heat lost from water storage unit (3) to the floor below:

[0162] Pl=(Tw-Td) / Rd

[0163] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0164] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0165] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floor thermal storage air conditioning system, comprising a floor thermal storage device, an integrated storage and distribution air duct, an air supply device, a water chiller (330), and a central controller, characterized in that, The floor heat storage device uses water as the heat storage medium. Its water storage device is laid under the room floor and is composed of multiple water storage units (3) connected in series and then in parallel. Multiple water storage units (3) are connected in series to form water storage branches (320) through a siphon bridge. The ends of multiple water storage branches (320) are then connected in parallel to the main chain (310) through a siphon bridge. Both the water storage branches (320) and the main chain (310) can be extended and expanded as needed to cover the entire room floor. The main chain (310) is connected to the water machine (330) through a water pipe (314). The water pipe (314) draws water from the return water tank (312) to the outlet water tank (311) under the action of the water pump, so that a water level difference is generated between the return water tank (312) and the outlet water tank (311). All the water stored (325) connected by the siphon flows by balancing the water level difference by gravity, thereby circulating and producing stored hot water.

2. The floor thermal storage air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water storage unit (3) consists of two parts: a lower water tank (323) and an upper bridge cover (322). The bridge cover (322) is a siphon bridging device with an enlarged top design. The top shape is consistent with the length and width of the water tank (323). The bridge cover (322) serves as both a cover for the water tank (323) and an enlarged space for storing water. The two siphon ports of the bridge cover (322) are inserted into two adjacent water tanks (323), and the siphon ports are submerged below the water surface of the water tanks (323). The water tanks (325) are connected by the siphon principle. Multiple water tanks (325) are connected. 3) The water storage branch (320) is continuously interlocked with the bridge cover (322) to form a long water storage branch (320). The water storage branch (320) is then connected to the water outlet channel (311) and water return channel (312) of the main chain (310) by the water outlet bridge cover (321) and water return bridge cover (324) in a siphon bridging manner, so that the water (325) in the water storage branch (320) is connected to the water in the main chain (310). The main chain (310) is composed of the water outlet channel (311) and the water return channel (312). The water outlet channel (311) and the water return channel (312) can be connected in series by the main chain bridge (313) in a siphon bridging manner.

3. The floor thermal storage air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water storage unit (3) and the heat dissipation air duct are integrated into one unit. There is an upper insulation board (4) above the water storage unit (3) and a lower insulation board (1) below the water storage unit (3). There is a wall insulation board (6) between the water storage unit (3) and the wall (13). The lower insulation board (1) is laid on the floor slab (12). There is a gap between each water storage unit (3). The air in the room is blown into the air duct formed between the upper insulation board (4) and the lower insulation board (1) by the fan (8). The airflow exchanges heat with the water storage unit (3) and finally returns to the room from the gap-like air outlet (14) on the wall side, thus forming an integrated air duct with water storage and heat dissipation functions. Vertical support rods (16) are distributed in the gap between the water storage units (3). The support rods (16) pass through the upper insulation board (4) and the lower insulation board (1) to support the weight of the ground base plate (5) and the ground decoration layer (15) and the objects in the room. Option A: A capillary guide belt (2) is provided under the water storage unit (3). The capillary guide belt (2) is collected into the capillary guide channel (7). The capillary guide channel (7) is then connected to the sewer pipe. The bottom of the capillary guide channel (7) is covered with the capillary guide belt (2). The capillary guide belt (2) is made of a material with hydrophilic properties. It is a device that uses the wetting phenomenon of condensate on the material to guide the condensate. The horizontal height of the capillary guide channel (7) is lower than that of the capillary guide belt (2) under the water storage unit (3), so that the condensate flows naturally under the action of gravity. Option B: There is a gap between the upper insulation board (4) above the water storage unit (3) and the ground substrate (5), and the ground substrate (5), the upper insulation board (4), and the lower insulation board (1) form upper and lower air ducts respectively; Option C, the water purifier (330) also supports the production of cold water; Options A, B, and C can be combined in the following ways: If you do not select A, B, or C, then it is a single-heating air conditioning system. Option A, option B, or option C is a combined heating and cooling air conditioning system.

4. The floor thermal storage air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air supply device includes an air filter (9) and a fan (8); if there are upper and lower air ducts, it also includes an upper air duct damper (10) and a lower air duct damper (11) to control the air volume. The indoor air first passes through the air filter (9), and then, under the action of the fan (8), the air is sent into the inlet of the integrated storage and distribution air duct. An air supply device can be set up in each room, or multiple rooms can share a large-power fan (8) to blow air into the integrated storage and distribution air duct of multiple rooms through multiple branch air supply pipes (328). When the air supply pipe (328) needs to cross the water storage branch (320), an extended bridge cover (327) can be used to span two spaced water storage tanks (323). There is space under the bridge cover (327) to arrange the air supply pipe (328). The mode of a large fan (8) plus multiple dampers can also be changed to a mode of multiple independent small speed-regulating fans to independently control the air volume of each air duct.

5. A floor thermal storage air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water heater (330) is an outdoor unit of an air-source or ground-source heat pump type air conditioner that produces hot or cold water by absorbing or releasing heat from the air or groundwater. The water heater (330) is connected to the floor heat storage device of the room through a water pipe (314). The connection relationship between the water heater (330) and the floor heat storage device of the room is: one water heater (330) can be connected to the floor heat storage device of one room, or one high-power water heater (330) can be connected to the floor heat storage devices of multiple rooms.

6. A floor thermal storage air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central controller can collect data from the temperature sensor of the water storage unit (3) and the room air temperature sensor. Based on the sensor data, the central controller controls the start and stop of the water machine (330), controls the speed of the fan (8), and controls the opening and closing of the upper air duct damper (10) and the lower air duct damper (11), thereby controlling the room temperature within the set range.

7. A floor thermal storage air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central controller has a network function, can receive grid energy storage scheduling instructions, start the water turbine (330) for energy storage, realize remote energy storage scheduling function, and the central controller has an automatic peak-shifting energy storage function, which can automatically utilize off-peak electricity periods for heat storage or cold storage.

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