A pore size detection device and its pore size detection process for metal products

Abstract

This invention provides a hole diameter detection device and process for metal products, relating to the field of hole diameter detection technology for metal products. It includes an inductive electronic column, an electronic plug gauge, and a detection head. The metal workpiece is placed between the V-grooves of two centering plates. An adjusting screw rotates, driving the two centering plates to move synchronously towards each other along a limiting plate. The symmetrical V-grooves automatically and accurately center the cylindrical workpiece and stably clamp it, forcibly constraining its horizontal and vertical displacement. This counteracts workpiece displacement caused by external forces such as table vibration, airflow, and human error. A vertical guide pair composed of a T-shaped guide rail and a connecting slide strictly limits the electronic plug gauge to vertical feed only, ensuring that the detection head and the workpiece's inner hole remain coaxial. This fundamentally avoids hole diameter measurement errors caused by workpiece displacement, eliminating the need for multiple re-measurements and repositioning, and improving the operational stability and overall detection efficiency of batch hole diameter detection for small metal workpieces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal product aperture detection technology, and more specifically, it relates to an aperture detection device and aperture detection process for metal products. Background Technology

[0002] In the precision machining industry of metal parts, the accuracy of hole diameter is a core indicator for measuring the quality of workpiece machining, directly affecting the product's assembly matching degree, fit stability, transmission motion accuracy, and long-term service reliability. The accuracy and stability of hole diameter inspection are key factors determining the yield rate of finished parts and the overall performance of the machine. Therefore, a high-precision automated hole diameter inspection process is an indispensable core link in the production line of precision metal parts, and a crucial checkpoint for controlling machining accuracy and intercepting defective products with out-of-tolerance dimensions.

[0003] Currently, integrated testing devices combining inductive electronic gauges and electronic plug gauges have become the mainstream core equipment in the precision hole diameter testing field, suitable for high-precision internal hole testing of various metal workpieces. This equipment relies on the principle of inductive sensing and possesses three core technological advantages: high precision, full automation, and digitalization. During testing, the high-precision probe at the front end of the electronic plug gauge is inserted into the inner hole of the workpiece in a vertical and coaxial posture, acquiring inductive analog signals generated by the real-time changes in the minute gap between the probe and the hole wall. The built-in signal processing unit sequentially performs preprocessing such as signal amplification, noise reduction filtering, and high-precision analog-to-digital conversion. The main control system then retrieves the local standard hole diameter parameter library and inductive calibration database, accurately comparing the real-time dynamic inductive signal with the calibration benchmark and performing algorithmic calculations to finally output the actual hole diameter value of the workpiece. The system can automatically determine whether the workpiece is qualified, has a hole diameter that is too large or too small, based on a preset hole diameter tolerance zone, and simultaneously calculate the deviation between the measured size and the theoretical standard value. This fully automated, digitalized, and high-precision testing completely replaces traditional manual inspection methods, significantly improving the accuracy of the testing benchmark.

[0004] Large and medium-sized metal workpieces are substantial in size and weight, possessing excellent overall structural rigidity and strong positioning stability. Ample operating space is available around the inner hole to be measured, with no structural obstructions. During inspection, quick clamping with tooling fixtures is possible, or direct positioning and alignment can be used. This facilitates the stable, vertical, and coaxial insertion of the electronic plug gauge probe into the hole, simplifying the alignment process and ensuring a smooth and efficient inspection workflow. Furthermore, the weight of the large workpiece and the ample clamping constraint prevent displacement, wobbling, or skewness throughout the inspection process, eliminating measurement errors caused by workpiece displacement and fully utilizing the equipment's inherent inspection accuracy. The measurement repeatability, stability, and inspection efficiency are all well-suited to the demands of mass production.

[0005] Small metal workpieces are generally characterized by their small size, light weight, compact structure, and refined shape. The diameter of the inner hole to be tested is also small. Under actual testing conditions, due to the insufficient weight of the workpiece, it is very easy to deviate under external force. When the electronic plug gauge probe enters the hole, slight external forces such as micro-vibration of the worktable, airflow disturbance of the equipment, and slight deviation of manual alignment can cause workpiece displacement and alignment failure. This leads to redundant processes such as repeated retesting and repositioning, which significantly reduces the overall operating efficiency of the entire testing station. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a hole diameter detection device and its process for metal products. This addresses the common characteristics of small metal workpieces, such as their small size, light weight, compact structure, and refined shape, which often result in small inner hole diameters to be measured. Under actual testing conditions, the workpiece's insufficient weight makes it prone to displacement under external forces. Even minor external forces, such as slight vibrations of the worktable, airflow disturbances in the equipment, and slight deviations in manual alignment, can cause workpiece displacement and alignment failures at the moment the electronic plug gauge probe enters the hole. This leads to redundant processes like repeated testing and repositioning, significantly reducing the overall operational efficiency of the entire testing station.

[0007] A hole diameter detection device for metal products includes an inductive electronic column, an electronic plug gauge, and a detection head. The bottom of the inductive electronic column is provided with a workpiece clamping mechanism, which includes a connecting seat, a mounting plate, a limiting plate, a centering clamp, a transmission threaded hole, an adjusting screw, a through hole, a positioning pin, and an operating handle. The outside of the inductive electronic column is provided with a guide mechanism for moving the electronic plug gauge, which includes a T-shaped guide rail, a connecting slide, and a lower limit stop. V-grooves are opened on the adjacent sides of the two centering clamps.

[0008] Preferably, the connecting seat is located outside the inductive electronic column, the mounting plate is fixedly installed at the end of the connecting seat, the end of the limiting plate is fixedly installed at one end of the mounting plate, there are two centering clamps, one end of each centering clamp is slidably sleeved on the outside of the limiting plate, there are two transmission threaded holes, the two transmission threaded holes are respectively opened inside the two centering clamps, the two ends of the transmission threaded holes are connected to the outside of the centering clamps, the adjusting screw is threadedly connected inside the two transmission threaded holes, the through hole is opened at the other end of the mounting plate, the positioning pin is fixedly installed on the outside of the adjusting screw through the through hole, and the operating handle is fixedly installed on the end of the adjusting screw away from the positioning pin. The limiting plate restricts the circumferential rotation of the centering clamps, the positioning pin locks the axial movement of the adjusting screw, and the two centering clamps open and close synchronously with the reverse threaded adjusting screw. With the operating handle, the workpiece clamping and unloading can be completed quickly, which greatly shortens the clamping time of a single workpiece.

[0009] Preferably, the T-shaped guide rail is fixedly installed on the outside of the inductive electronic column, one end of the connecting slide is slidably connected to the outside of the T-shaped guide rail, and the other end of the connecting slide is fixedly installed on the outside of the electronic plug gauge. The lower limit stop is fixedly installed on the side of the inductive electronic column near the bottom of the T-shaped guide rail. The side of the connecting slide corresponding to the T-shaped guide rail has a T-slot. The connecting slide is slidably connected to the outside of the T-shaped guide rail through the T-slot. The T-slot and the T-shaped guide rail form a precise vertical sliding pair, which restricts the electronic plug gauge to move only vertically up and down, preventing the detection head from tilting or eccentrically entering the hole. The lower limit stop plays a role in limiting and protecting the downward movement, preventing the connecting slide from falling out of the guide structure, and ensuring that the detection head can be coaxially inserted into the inner hole of the workpiece each time, reducing the measurement error caused by coaxiality.

[0010] Preferably, a permanent magnet adsorption block is embedded at the end of the T-shaped guide rail away from the lower limit stop. When the electronic plug gauge is lifted to the top of the guide plate after the test is completed, the permanent magnet adsorption block can magnetically fix the connecting slide, so that the test head is suspended.

[0011] Preferably, the inductor electronic column has a positioning slot on one side corresponding to the connecting seat, and the connecting seat is snapped into the inside of the positioning slot. The inductor electronic column has an assembly hole on the same side as the positioning slot, which communicates with the inside of the positioning slot. A fastening bolt is rotatably connected inside the assembly hole. The connecting seat has a fastening screw hole on the same side as the assembly hole, and the fastening bolt is threaded into the inside of the fastening screw hole. The positioning slot enables the clamping mechanism to be quickly pre-aligned. After the fastening bolt is tightened, it ensures a rigid connection between the clamping mechanism and the inductor electronic column. When repairing or replacing centering plates of different specifications, the clamping mechanism can be completely disassembled by simply removing and installing the bolts.

[0012] A process for pore size detection in metal products includes the following steps: S1 Clamping mechanism assembly and fixing: Insert the connecting seat of the clamping mechanism into the positioning slot of the inductor electronic column, tighten the fastening bolts through the assembly hole and screw them into the fastening screw hole of the connecting seat to complete the overall fixing of the clamping mechanism. S2 Metal Workpiece Centering and Clamping: Place the cylindrical metal workpiece between the V-grooves of the two centering clamping plates, rotate the operating handle clockwise to drive the adjusting screws with reverse threads at both ends to rotate, drive the two centering clamping plates to move synchronously towards each other along the limiting plate, and automatically complete the centering of the workpiece and clamp the workpiece by relying on the V-grooves, so that the axis of the inner hole of the workpiece is coaxial with the feed axis of the electronic plug gauge. S3 guide mechanism assembly and positioning: Align the T-slot of the connecting slide with the T-shaped guide rail and snap it in from top to bottom. The lower limit stop restricts the sliding limit of the connecting slide, forming a vertical sliding guide pair; S4 Hole Diameter Inspection and Acquisition: The handheld electronic plug gauge is pushed downwards at a constant speed, and the connecting slide slides vertically down along the T-shaped guide rail. The detection head is inserted vertically and coaxially into the inner hole of the workpiece to be measured. The inductive electronic column collects the inductive signal generated by the change in the hole wall clearance in real time. The control system retrieves the built-in standard hole diameter and inductive calibration database, compares and converts them to obtain the actual hole diameter of the workpiece. At the same time, it compares the tolerance range and automatically outputs the hole diameter judgment results of being qualified, too large, or too small, and calculates the dimensional deviation. S5 Inspection Completion and Storage: After the inspection is completed, pull the electronic plug gauge upwards, and the connecting slide will slide upwards to the top along the T-shaped guide rail. The permanent magnet adsorption block at the top of the T-shaped guide rail magnetically fixes the connecting slide and the electronic plug gauge, realizing the floating storage of the inspection head and avoiding the probe from being bumped or scratched. S6 Unloading and Changing Workpieces: Rotate the operating handle in the opposite direction to loosen the centering clamp, remove the inspected metal workpiece, and repeat steps S2 to S5 to complete the hole diameter inspection of the next workpiece.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: In this invention, the metal workpiece is placed between the V-grooves of two centering clamps. Rotating the operating handle clockwise drives the adjusting screws with reverse threads at both ends to rotate, driving the two centering clamps to move synchronously towards each other along the limiting plate. Relying on the symmetrical V-grooves, the cylindrical workpiece is automatically and accurately centered and stably clamped, forcibly constraining the horizontal and vertical displacement of the workpiece. This counteracts the workpiece displacement caused by external forces such as worktable vibration, airflow, and human operation deviation. Combined with the vertical guide pair composed of the T-shaped guide rail and the connecting slide, the electronic plug gauge is strictly limited to vertical up and down feeding, ensuring that the detection head and the inner hole of the workpiece always remain coaxial. This avoids the hole diameter measurement error caused by workpiece displacement from the root, eliminating the need for multiple re-measurements and repositioning, and improving the operational stability and overall detection efficiency of batch hole diameter detection of small metal workpieces.

[0014] In this invention, a permanent magnet adsorption block is embedded at the top of a T-shaped guide rail. After the electronic plug gauge is lifted to the top after inspection, the permanent magnet adsorption block automatically adsorbs and connects to the slide, suspending and fixing the electronic plug gauge and the inspection head. This eliminates the need for manual hand-holding, freeing up the operator's hands. In the suspended storage state, the inspection head is kept away from the tooling and workpiece below, avoiding collisions between the inspection head and the worktable, reducing inspection head wear, lowering the frequency of probe replacement, and effectively saving equipment and accessory costs in the long run.

[0015] In this invention, the adjusting screw adopts a double-limiting structure with reverse threads at both ends, a positioning pin, and a limiting plate. The positioning pin restricts the axial movement of the adjusting screw, and the limiting plate constrains the circumferential rotation of the centering clamp. The two centering clamps can only move smoothly in a straight line. With the help of symmetrical V-grooves for automatic centering, there is no need for manual repeated adjustment of the coaxiality of the workpiece, which greatly shortens the clamping and calibration time of a single workpiece and improves the overall work efficiency of the hole diameter inspection of batch metal workpieces.

[0016] In this invention, the connecting seat is inserted into the positioning slot, and then the fastening bolt is inserted through the mounting hole on the outside of the inductor column. The fastening bolt is rotated so that its end thread engages with the fastening screw hole on the surface of the connecting seat. The connecting seat and the inductor column are rigidly fixed by the fastening bolt. When it is necessary to inspect or replace the centering clamp of different specifications, the fastening bolt can be unscrewed in the reverse direction to quickly disassemble the entire clamping mechanism. The equipment is easy to disassemble and assemble and is suitable for clamping and replacing metal workpieces with different outer diameters. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic plug gauge of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the centering clamp of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the adjusting screw of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inductive electronic column of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting slide of the present invention; Figure 7 This is the present invention. Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 8 This is the present invention. Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram at point B in the middle.

[0018] In the diagram, the correspondence between the component names and the attached drawing numbers is as follows: 1. Inductive electronic column; 2. Electronic plug gauge; 3. Detection head; 4. Connecting seat; 5. Mounting plate; 6. Limiting plate; 7. Centering clamp; 8. Transmission threaded hole; 9. Adjusting screw; 10. Through hole; 11. Positioning pin; 12. Operating handle; 13. T-shaped guide rail; 14. Connecting slide; 15. Lower limit stop; 16. V-groove; 17. T-groove; 18. Permanent magnet adsorption block; 19. Positioning slot; 20. Assembly hole; 21. Fastening bolt; 22. Fastening screw hole. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0020] Please see Figures 1-8This invention provides a hole diameter detection device and its hole diameter detection process for metal products, including an inductive electronic column 1, an electronic plug gauge 2, and a detection head 3. The inductive electronic column 1 has a built-in inductance acquisition and control system, which receives the inductance signal generated by the electronic plug gauge 2, retrieves the calibration database to convert the hole diameter size, compares the tolerance, and outputs the judgment result. The lower end of the electronic plug gauge 2 is connected to the detection head 3. After the detection head 3 senses the change in the hole wall clearance, it converts the small deformation into an inductance change signal, which is transmitted to the inductive electronic column 1 through the internal circuit of the electronic plug gauge 2. The detection head 3 directly extends into the inner hole of the metal workpiece to be measured, and fits with the inner wall of the hole. The change in hole diameter size will change the magnetic gap between the probe and the hole wall, generating a corresponding change in inductance. It is the core contact component for obtaining the original hole diameter data.

[0021] The bottom of the inductor column 1 is equipped with a clamping mechanism, which includes a connecting seat 4, a mounting plate 5, a limiting plate 6, a centering clamp 7, a transmission threaded hole 8, an adjusting screw 9, a through hole 10, a positioning pin 11, and an operating handle 12. The connecting seat 4 is located outside the inductor column 1. The mounting plate 5 is fixedly installed at the end of the connecting seat 4. The end of the limiting plate 6 is fixedly installed at one end of the mounting plate 5. There are two centering clamps 7, and one end of each centering clamp 7 is slidably sleeved outside the limiting plate 6. There are two transmission threaded holes 8, which are respectively opened inside the two centering clamps 7. The two ends of the transmission threaded holes 8 are open and communicate with the outside of the centering clamps 7. The adjusting screw 9 is threadedly connected inside the two transmission threaded holes 8. The through hole 10 is opened at the other end of the mounting plate 5. The positioning pin 11 is fixedly installed outside the adjusting screw 9 through the through hole 10. The operating handle 12 is fixedly installed at the end of the adjusting screw 9 away from the positioning pin 11.

[0022] The connecting seat 4 serves as the overall mounting base for the clamping mechanism. The mounting plate 5 supports and holds the entire transmission structure, separating the axial movement space of the adjusting screw 9. Two centering clamps 7 slide on the limiting plate 6, restricting the centering clamps 7 from rotating with the adjusting screw 9 and allowing only horizontal linear sliding of the centering clamps 7, providing radial guidance. The two centering clamps 7 cooperate with the opposing adjusting screw 9 to move synchronously towards each other. The V-groove 16 symmetrically conforms to the outer wall of the cylindrical metal workpiece, automatically centering it. The V-groove 16 adapts to cylindrical workpieces with different outer diameters. The opposing threads at both ends of the adjusting screw 9 mesh with the transmission thread holes 8 of the two centering clamps 7 respectively. When the operating handle 12 is rotated, the two centering clamps 7 move synchronously towards or away from each other, realizing the clamping and releasing of the workpiece. The positioning pin 11 axially limits the adjusting screw 9, preventing the adjusting screw 9 from moving back and forth. The operating handle 12 serves as a manual force application component, driving the adjusting screw 9 to rotate and controlling the opening and closing of the centering clamps 7.

[0023] Both centering plates 7 have V-grooves 16 on their adjacent sides. The symmetrically arranged V-grooves 16 can adaptively fit the outer curved surface of various cylindrical metal workpieces, automatically complete the centering of the workpiece, and ensure that the inner hole of the workpiece and the feed axis of the electronic plug gauge 2 remain coaxial, thus eliminating coaxiality detection errors from the source.

[0024] The inductive electronic column 1 is provided with a guide mechanism on its exterior. The guide mechanism includes a T-shaped guide rail 13, a connecting slide 14, and a lower limit stop 15. The T-shaped guide rail 13 is fixedly installed on the exterior of the inductive electronic column 1. One end of the connecting slide 14 is slidably connected to the exterior of the T-shaped guide rail 13, and the other end of the connecting slide 14 is fixedly installed on the exterior of the electronic plug gauge 2. The lower limit stop 15 is fixedly installed on the side of the inductive electronic column 1 near the bottom of the T-shaped guide rail 13. A T-shaped groove 17 is opened on the side of the connecting slide 14 corresponding to the T-shaped guide rail 13. The connecting slide 14 is slidably connected to the exterior of the T-shaped guide rail 13 through the T-shaped groove 17.

[0025] The T-shaped guide rail 13 and the T-shaped groove 17 of the connecting slide 14 cooperate to form a vertical sliding track, which is purely vertically guided and constrains the electronic plug gauge 2 to move only in a straight line up and down. This prevents the detection head 3 from tilting or becoming eccentric, and ensures that the detection head 3 is inserted vertically and coaxially into the inner hole of the workpiece, which greatly reduces measurement error. One end of the connecting slide 14 is fixed with the electronic plug gauge 2 and transmits the up and down feed actions. The lower limit stop 15 limits the downward sliding limit of the connecting slide 14 and prevents the connecting slide 14 from falling out of the guide plate.

[0026] A permanent magnet adsorption block 18 is embedded at one end of the T-shaped guide rail 13 away from the lower limit stop 15. When the electronic plug gauge 2 is lifted to the top after the test is completed, the magnetically attached connecting slide 14 holds the electronic plug gauge 2 and the test head 3 suspended. This eliminates the need for manual hand-holding of the probe, freeing up the operator's hands and facilitating loading and unloading. The test head 3 is suspended away from the tooling and workpiece, preventing the plug gauge from naturally drooping and bumping or scratching the probe and workpiece, reducing wear and tear on the test head 3 and lowering the cost of replacing parts.

[0027] The inductive electronic column 1 has a positioning slot 19 on one side corresponding to the connecting seat 4. The connecting seat 4 is snapped into the inside of the positioning slot 19. The inductive electronic column 1 has an assembly hole 20 on the side corresponding to the positioning slot 19. The assembly hole 20 communicates with the inside of the positioning slot 19. A fastening bolt 21 is rotatably connected inside the assembly hole 20. The connecting seat 4 has a fastening screw hole 22 on the side corresponding to the assembly hole 20. The fastening bolt 21 is threaded into the inside of the fastening screw hole 22. The positioning slot 19 enables the connecting seat 4 to be quickly snapped into position. The assembly hole 20 passes through the positioning slot 19. The fastening bolt 21 passes through the assembly hole 20 and is screwed into the fastening screw hole 22 of the connecting seat 4 to lock and fix the entire clamping mechanism. Assembly and alignment are simple, and disassembly and assembly can be completed by a single person. Disassembly only requires loosening the fastening bolt 21. Different specifications of centering clamps 7 can be quickly replaced. It is suitable for the inspection of multiple specifications of metal workpieces and has strong versatility.

[0028] Working principle: First, insert the connecting seat 4 of the clamping mechanism into the positioning slot 19. Then, insert the fastening bolt 21 through the mounting hole 20 on the outside of the inductor column 1. Rotate the fastening bolt 21 so that its end thread engages with the fastening screw hole 22 on the surface of the connecting seat 4. The connecting seat 4 and the inductor column 1 are rigidly fixed by locking the fastening bolt 21. When it is necessary to inspect or replace the centering clamp 7 of different specifications, simply unscrew the fastening bolt 21 in the opposite direction to quickly disassemble the entire clamping mechanism. The equipment is easy to disassemble and assemble and can be adapted to the clamping and replacement needs of metal workpieces with different outer diameters. The second step involves the adjusting screw 9 employing a unique design with reverse-threaded dies at both ends, coupled with a double-limiting structure to ensure precise and controllable clamping action. The positioning pin 11 penetrates the mounting plate 5 through the through-hole 10 and is fixed to the outside of the adjusting screw 9, providing axial limitation and preventing axial movement during operation. The elongated limiting plate 6 penetrates the interior of the two centering clamps 7, providing circumferential and radial rotational limits, restricting the centering clamps 7 from rotating synchronously with the adjusting screw 9. Only horizontal linear sliding towards and away from each other is allowed along the limiting plate 6, ensuring smooth clamping action without deflection. The operator then places the cylindrical... The shaped metal workpiece is placed between the V-grooves 16 on opposite sides of the two centering clamping plates 7. The V-grooves 16 are symmetrical conical structures that can adaptively fit the outer curved surface of cylindrical metal workpieces with different outer diameters. Without the need for repeated manual calibration of the workpiece position, the workpiece center can be automatically aligned, making the axis of the inner hole to be measured on the workpiece completely coincide with the vertical feed axis of the electronic plug gauge 2. Then, the operating handle 12 is rotated clockwise, which drives the adjusting screw 9 to rotate synchronously and uniformly. The reverse threads at both ends of the adjusting screw 9 drive the two centering clamping plates 7 to move synchronously and horizontally towards each other. The V-grooves 16 on both sides synchronously fit the outer wall of the workpiece and gradually apply clamping force, finally achieving workpiece clamping. The third step is to start the detection program of the inductor electronic column 1 after the workpiece is centered and clamped, and carry out the hole diameter detection operation. During the operation, the connecting slide 14 is aligned with the T-shaped guide rail 13 from top to bottom to complete the snap-fit, so that the connecting slide 14 and the T-shaped guide rail 13 form a vertical free sliding pair. At the same time, the lower limit block 15 is set at the bottom of the T-shaped guide rail 13 to form a sliding lower limit, preventing the connecting slide 14 from sliding down too much and getting away from the guide plate, and playing a bottom protection and limit function. The fourth step involves the operator holding the electronic plug gauge 2 and pushing it downwards at a constant speed, causing the connecting slide 14 to slide vertically along the T-shaped guide rail 13. This ensures that the detection head 3 of the electronic plug gauge 2 remains vertical and is coaxially inserted into the inner hole of the workpiece to be tested. Throughout the entire process of the electronic plug gauge 2 being inserted into the inner hole, the inductive electronic column 1 continuously collects the continuous inductance change signals caused by the insertion depth of the plug gauge and the change in the hole wall clearance. The equipment has a pre-entered calibration database that corresponds one-to-one with the standard hole diameter size and inductance value. The control system compares the collected actual inductance signal with the standard parameters in the database in real time and automatically calculates the true hole diameter value of the workpiece. At the same time, the system has a built-in qualified hole diameter tolerance range, which can intelligently compare the test data and automatically output three test results: qualified hole diameter, hole diameter too large, and hole diameter too small. It also accurately calculates the actual deviation of the hole diameter, realizing integrated automated operation of detection, calculation, and judgment. Fifth step: After the hole diameter of a single workpiece is inspected, the operator lifts the electronic plug gauge 2 vertically upwards, causing the connecting slide 14 to slide upwards along the T-shaped guide rail 13. This allows the detection head 3 of the electronic plug gauge 2 to smoothly exit the inner hole to be measured in the workpiece. When the connecting slide 14 slides to the top position of the T-shaped guide rail 13, the connecting slide 14 directly contacts the permanent magnet adsorption block 18 embedded at the end of the guide plate. Relying on the stable magnetic attraction force of the permanent magnet, the connecting slide 14 and the integrated electronic plug gauge 2 are firmly adsorbed and fixed at the top of the guide plate. This achieves unsupported floating storage of the electronic plug gauge 2, preventing the electronic plug gauge 2 from naturally drooping and colliding with the workpiece clamped below, and preventing scratches or damage to the detection probe.

[0029] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A device for detecting the aperture of metal products, comprising an inductive electronic column (1), an electronic plug gauge (2), and a detection head (3), characterized in that, The bottom of the inductive electronic column (1) is provided with a workpiece clamping mechanism, which includes a connecting seat (4), a mounting plate (5), a limiting plate (6), a centering clamp (7), a transmission threaded hole (8), an adjusting screw (9), a through hole (10), a positioning pin (11), and an operating handle (12). The inductive electronic column (1) is provided with a guide mechanism for the movement of the electronic plug gauge (2). The guide mechanism includes a T-shaped guide rail (13), a connecting slide (14), and a lower limit stop (15). Among them, V-grooves (16) are provided on the side of the two centering plates (7) that are close to each other.

2. The aperture detection device for metal products as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting seat (4) is located outside the inductor electronic column (1), the mounting plate (5) is fixedly installed at the end of the connecting seat (4), the end of the limiting plate (6) is fixedly installed at one end of the mounting plate (5), and there are two centering clamps (7), one end of each centering clamp (7) is slidably sleeved on the outside of the limiting plate (6).

3. The aperture detection device for metal products as described in claim 1, characterized in that, There are two drive threaded holes (8), which are respectively opened inside the two centering plates (7). The two ends of the drive threaded holes (8) are connected to the outside of the centering plates (7). The adjusting screw (9) is threadedly connected inside the two drive threaded holes (8).

4. The aperture detection device for metal products as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The through hole (10) is opened at the other end of the mounting plate (5). The positioning pin (11) is fixedly installed on the outside of the adjusting screw (9) through the through hole (10). The operating handle (12) is fixedly installed at the end of the adjusting screw (9) away from the positioning pin (11).

5. The aperture detection device for metal products as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The T-shaped guide rail (13) is fixedly installed on the outside of the inductive electronic column (1). One end of the connecting slide (14) is slidably connected to the outside of the T-shaped guide rail (13), and the other end of the connecting slide (14) is fixedly installed on the outside of the electronic plug gauge (2). The lower limit stop (15) is fixedly installed on the side of the inductive electronic column (1) near the bottom of the T-shaped guide rail (13).

6. The aperture detection device for metal products as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting slide (14) has a T-groove (17) on one side corresponding to the T-shaped guide rail (13), and the connecting slide (14) is slidably connected to the outside of the T-shaped guide rail (13) through the T-groove (17).

7. The aperture detection device for metal products as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The T-shaped guide rail (13) has a permanent magnet adsorption block (18) embedded at the end away from the lower limit stop (15).

8. The aperture detection device for metal products as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inductive electronic column (1) has a positioning slot (19) on one side corresponding to the connecting seat (4), and the connecting seat (4) is engaged inside the positioning slot (19).

9. The aperture detection device for metal products as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inductive electronic column (1) has an assembly hole (20) on one side corresponding to the positioning slot (19). The assembly hole (20) communicates with the interior of the positioning slot (19). A fastening bolt (21) is rotatably connected inside the assembly hole (20). The connecting seat (4) has a fastening screw hole (22) on one side corresponding to the assembly hole (20). The fastening bolt (21) is threaded into the interior of the fastening screw hole (22).

10. A aperture detection process for an aperture detection device used in metal products, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 Clamping mechanism assembly and fixing: Insert the connecting seat (4) of the clamping mechanism into the positioning slot (19) of the inductor electronic column (1), tighten the fastening bolt (21) through the assembly hole (20) and screw it into the fastening screw hole (22) of the connecting seat (4) to complete the overall fixing of the clamping mechanism; S2 Metal workpiece centering and clamping: Place the cylindrical metal workpiece between the V-grooves (16) of the two centering clamping plates (7), rotate the operating handle (12) clockwise to drive the adjusting screw (9) with reverse threads at both ends to rotate, drive the two centering clamping plates (7) to move synchronously towards each other along the limiting plate (6), and automatically complete the centering of the workpiece and clamp the workpiece by relying on the V-grooves (16), so that the axis of the inner hole of the workpiece is coaxial with the feed axis of the electronic plug gauge (2); S3 guide mechanism assembly and positioning: Align the T-slot (17) of the connecting slide (14) with the T-shaped guide rail (13) from top to bottom and engage it. The lower limit stop (15) restricts the sliding limit of the connecting slide (14) to form a vertical sliding guide pair. S4 Hole Diameter Inspection and Acquisition: The handheld electronic plug gauge (2) is pushed downward at a constant speed, the connecting slide (14) slides vertically down along the T-shaped guide rail (13), the detection head (3) is inserted vertically and coaxially into the inner hole of the workpiece to be measured, the inductive electronic column (1) collects the inductive signal generated by the change of hole wall gap in real time, the control system retrieves the built-in standard hole diameter and inductive calibration database, compares and calculates the actual hole diameter of the workpiece, and at the same time compares the tolerance range to automatically output the hole diameter qualified, too large, or too small judgment results and calculates the size deviation; S5 Inspection Complete Storage: After the inspection is completed, pull the electronic plug gauge (2) upwards, and the connecting slide (14) slides upwards along the T-shaped guide rail (13) to the top. The connecting slide (14) and the electronic plug gauge (2) are magnetically fixed by the permanent magnet adsorption block (18) at the top of the T-shaped guide rail (13), so that the inspection head (3) is suspended and stored, avoiding the probe from being bumped or scratched. S6 Unloading and Changing Workpieces: Rotate the operating handle (12) in the opposite direction to loosen the centering clamp (7), remove the metal workpiece that has been inspected, and repeat steps S2 to S5 to complete the hole diameter inspection of the next workpiece.

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