A geological logging method for the wall of a circular vertical shaft

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of geological logging technology and provides a method for geological logging of the walls of a circular shaft. The method includes: measuring the radial azimuth of a target measurement point relative to the center of the shaft, using a first preset calibration direction as a reference, wherein the center of the shaft is the intersection point on the shaft axis at the same elevation as the target measurement point; obtaining the position parameters of the target measurement point in the horizontal direction of the shaft's inner wall based on the shaft radius, radial azimuth, and the first preset calibration direction; obtaining logging coordinates based on the elevation and position parameters of the target measurement point; and drawing the position of the target measurement point according to the logging coordinates. This invention achieves precise positioning and accurate drawing of any structural surface on the walls of a circular shaft, effectively improving the operational convenience and data accuracy of geological logging of shaft walls, and providing reliable technical support for geological information collection during the construction of circular shaft projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological logging technology, and more specifically, to a method for geological logging of the walls of a circular vertical shaft. Background Technology

[0002] Geological logging is a crucial step in engineering construction. By systematically recording the geological information revealed during excavation, it provides fundamental data support for subsequent construction decisions, support design, and geological hazard prediction. The accurate recording of the attitude, location, and extension characteristics of structural planes directly affects the reliability of the surrounding rock stability assessment and the scientific validity of the engineering safety evaluation.

[0003] In planar logging, structural surfaces can be drawn onto logging paper using their elevation and station number on the plane, a relatively mature and standardized process. However, in logging circular shaft walls, the walls have an arc-shaped curved surface. Traditional station-based positioning methods are difficult to use for direct measurement and marking, and the starting station number for different excavation cycles cannot be guaranteed to be located at the same reference position each time. This limits the accuracy of the correspondence between the structural surfaces counted on-site and the corresponding positions on the logging paper, affecting the accuracy and consistency of the logged data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem addressed by this invention is how to improve the accuracy of recording circular vertical shafts.

[0005] To address the above problems, this invention provides a method for geological logging of the wall of a circular vertical shaft, comprising: Using the first preset calibration direction as a reference, the radial azimuth angle of the target measurement point relative to the center of the shaft is measured, wherein the center of the shaft is the intersection point on the shaft axis with the target measurement point at the same elevation; Based on the shaft radius, the radial azimuth angle, and the first preset calibration direction, the position parameters of the target measurement point in the horizontal direction of the inner wall of the shaft are obtained; Based on the elevation of the target measurement point and the location parameters, the recorded coordinates are obtained, and the position of the target measurement point is drawn according to the recorded coordinates.

[0006] Optionally, the step of measuring the radial azimuth angle of the target measurement point relative to the center of the shaft, using the first preset calibration direction as a reference, includes: The magnetic declination of the compass is corrected according to the first preset calibration direction, and the corrected compass is placed on the radial line connecting the center of the vertical shaft and the target measurement point. The radial azimuth angle is obtained by obtaining the angle by which the reference azimuth scale of the compass deviates from the second preset calibration direction when the measurement reference line of the compass points to the center of the vertical shaft, wherein the angle between the second preset calibration direction and the first preset calibration direction is 180°.

[0007] Optionally, two laser emitters are respectively provided at both ends of the compass's measurement reference line; placing the corrected compass on the radial line connecting the center of the shaft and the target measurement point includes: Adjust the corrected compass orientation so that the two laser beams generated by the two laser emitters are respectively aligned with the center of the shaft and the target measurement point.

[0008] Optionally, the step of correcting the magnetic declination of the compass according to the first preset calibration direction includes: Mark the due north direction as the first preset calibration direction, and mark the due north mark in the inner scale of the compass as the reference azimuth mark; Adjust the north mark to coincide with the 0° mark on the outer dial of the compass.

[0009] Optionally, obtaining the radial azimuth angle by acquiring the angle of deviation from the second preset calibration direction when the compass points to the center of the shaft includes: The radial azimuth angle is obtained by reading the degree indicated by the south mark on the outer dial.

[0010] Optionally, the geological logging method for the circular vertical shaft wall further includes: Using the center of the wellhead horizontal plane as a reference, the shaft axis is constructed. The shaft axis is used to mark the position of the shaft center at different elevations.

[0011] Optionally, constructing the shaft axis with the center of the wellhead horizontal plane as a reference includes: Using the center of the wellhead horizontal plane as a reference, the laser emitter is activated to emit a laser beam into the vertical shaft in a direction perpendicular to the wellhead horizontal plane, and this laser beam is used as the axis of the vertical shaft.

[0012] Optionally, obtaining the position parameters of the target measurement point in the horizontal direction of the inner wall of the shaft based on the shaft radius, the radial azimuth angle, and the first preset calibration direction includes: Based on the first preset calibration direction, a reference line perpendicular to the horizontal direction is marked on the inner wall of the shaft; Based on the shaft radius and the radial azimuth angle, the arc length of the target measurement point in the horizontal direction from the reference line is obtained based on the arc length relationship expression, and this arc length is used as the position parameter.

[0013] Optionally, obtaining the recorded coordinates based on the elevation of the target measurement point and the position parameters, and drawing the position of the target measurement point according to the recorded coordinates, includes: According to the preset scale, the recording coordinates are obtained with the location parameters as the abscissa and the elevation as the ordinate. A plane rectangular coordinate system is established. The horizontal axis of the coordinate system is used to represent the horizontal position of the inner wall of the shaft after it is unfolded. The vertical axis of the coordinate system is used to represent the elevation. The origin of the coordinate system corresponds to the intersection of the reference line and the preset elevation horizontal plane.

[0014] The position of the target measurement point is plotted on the coordinate system according to the recorded coordinates.

[0015] Optionally, the geological logging method for the circular vertical shaft wall further includes: When the same structural surface includes at least two target measurement points, calculate the recorded coordinates of each target measurement point respectively; By sequentially connecting adjacent recorded coordinates on the coordinate system, the trace of the structural surface on the inner wall of the shaft is obtained.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the circular shaft wall geological logging method of the present invention are as follows: By measuring the radial azimuth angle of the target measurement point relative to the center of the shaft with a first preset calibration direction (such as due north) as a reference, the traditional linear positioning method based on station numbers is transformed into a polar coordinate positioning method based on angles. Compared with the problem in existing circular shaft wall logging where the shaft wall is curved and it is inconvenient to directly measure the station number with a ruler, the radial azimuth angle is used to calibrate the direction of any point on the shaft wall, eliminating the need to directly measure the horizontal distance on the curved surface, thus uniquely determining the directional position of the point on the horizontal plane. At the same time, defining the center of the shaft as the intersection point on the shaft axis with the target measurement point at the same elevation ensures that the radial azimuth angle measurement at each elevation has a corresponding center reference, overcoming the influence of the station number positioning deviation at the starting point of different excavation cycles on the logging accuracy, and laying the directional reference for the accurate calculation of subsequent position parameters. Based on the shaft radius, radial azimuth, and the first preset calibration direction, the position parameters of the target measurement point on the horizontal direction of the shaft inner wall are obtained. By introducing the shaft radius and radial azimuth, and using, for example, trigonometric functions and arc length relationships, the actual horizontal position parameters of the target measurement point along the circumference of the shaft wall are obtained, completing the geometric transformation from angle to horizontal position. This achieves a quantitative description of the horizontal position of any point on the curved surface, providing accurate horizontal components for the generation of the recording coordinates. The recording coordinates are obtained based on the elevation and position parameters of the target measurement point, and the position of the target measurement point is plotted according to the recording coordinates. This converts the three-dimensional spatial points on the circular shaft wall into two-dimensional planar coordinates on the recording paper, achieving a precise mapping from the curved surface to the plane. Compared to existing recording methods where the structural surface is difficult to accurately correspond to the corresponding position on the recording paper due to the positioning deviation of the starting point station number, this coordinate processing ensures that each measurement point has a unique and calculable coordinate position on the recording paper. The operator can directly plot the points and draw the diagram based on the coordinates, avoiding the positioning error caused by the curved surface and ensuring the consistency and repeatability of the recorded data.

[0017] This invention forms a complete technical chain for geological logging of circular vertical shaft walls, from establishing directional benchmarks, measuring radial azimuth angles, converting horizontal distance parameters to drawing planar coordinates. It replaces the traditional stationing method with polar coordinate positioning based on angles and elevations. Through the gradual conversion from radial azimuth angle to horizontal distance to logging coordinates, it achieves precise positioning and accurate drawing of any structural surface on the circular vertical shaft wall. This effectively improves the operational convenience and data accuracy of geological logging of vertical shaft walls, providing reliable technical support for geological information collection during the construction of circular vertical shaft projects. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the geological logging method for the circular vertical shaft wall according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the placement of the compass according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the compass structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although some embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be understood that the various steps described in the method embodiments of the present invention may be performed in different orders and / or in parallel. Furthermore, the method embodiments may include additional steps and / or omit the steps shown. The scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect.

[0021] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein are open-ended, meaning "including but not limited to"; the term "based on" means "at least partially based on"; the term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments"; and the term "optionally" means "optional embodiments". Definitions of other terms will be given in the following description. It should be noted that the concepts of "first," "second," etc., mentioned in this invention are used only to distinguish different devices, modules, or units, and are not intended to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules, or units or their interdependencies.

[0022] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this invention are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0023] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a geological logging method for the wall of a circular vertical shaft, comprising: Step S1: Using the first preset calibration direction as a reference, measure the radial azimuth angle of the target measurement point relative to the center of the shaft, wherein the center of the shaft is the intersection point on the shaft axis with the target measurement point at the same elevation.

[0024] Specifically, a center marker (such as a rebar head, reflective sticker, or center stake) is set at the top or bottom of the shaft as a reference point for the center of the circle at that elevation along the shaft axis. The center positions at different elevations along the shaft axis can be determined using a laser plumb line or a suspended plumb bob. A first preset calibration direction is set, i.e., a preset azimuth reference zero-degree direction, usually due north. For example, due north is defined as 0°, due east as 90°, due south as 180°, and due west as 270°. Using, for example, a compass and gyroscope, with the first preset calibration direction as the reference direction, the angle between the reference direction and the radial line connecting the shaft center and the target measurement point is measured to obtain the radial azimuth of the target measurement point.

[0025] Step S2: Based on the shaft radius, the radial azimuth angle, and the first preset calibration direction, obtain the position parameters of the target measurement point in the horizontal direction of the inner wall of the shaft.

[0026] Specifically, a trigonometric function expression can be used, for example, to calculate the length of the opposite side based on the radial azimuth angle and the shaft radius as the adjacent side. This opposite side length serves as the position parameter of the target measurement point in the horizontal direction on the inner wall of the shaft, describing the quantitative index of the target measurement point's position in the horizontal direction. For example, the calculated opposite side length 'a', along with the intersection of the first preset calibration direction on the inner wall of the shaft, can be used to directly mark the horizontal position of the target measurement point using a ruler. Alternatively, the arc length between the target measurement point and the intersection of the first preset calibration direction at the same elevation on the inner wall of the shaft can be directly measured. For example, a rotatable laser rangefinder can be set at the center to measure the position of the laser beam spot on the shaft wall, directly reading the distance (i.e., radius) from the center to the shaft wall and the rotation angle. Simultaneously, a flexible ruler can be set on the shaft wall to directly measure the arc length of the target measurement point from the reference line along the circumference.

[0027] Step S3: Obtain the recorded coordinates based on the elevation of the target measurement point and the position parameters, and draw the position of the target measurement point according to the recorded coordinates.

[0028] Specifically, the location parameters are used as the abscissa value of the logging coordinates, and the elevation of the target measurement point is used as the ordinate value to obtain the logging coordinates. Based on the logging coordinates, the location of the target measurement point can be drawn on the logging map according to a preset scale for circular shaft logging. Alternatively, an electronic logging method can be used, employing a tablet computer or geological logging software to directly input raw data such as radial azimuth, radius, and elevation. The software automatically calculates and generates the logging graphics, eliminating the need for manual calculation and drawing.

[0029] This invention transforms the traditional linear positioning method based on station numbers into a polar coordinate positioning method based on angles by measuring the radial azimuth angle of the target measurement point relative to the center of the shaft, using a first preset calibration direction (such as due north) as a reference. Compared to the problem in existing circular shaft wall logging where the curved surface of the shaft wall makes it inconvenient to directly measure the station number with a ruler, this invention uses the radial azimuth angle to calibrate the direction of any point on the shaft wall, eliminating the need to directly measure the horizontal distance on the curved surface, thus uniquely determining the directional position of the point on the horizontal plane. Simultaneously, defining the center of the shaft as the intersection point on the shaft axis at the same elevation as the target measurement point ensures that the radial azimuth angle measurement at each elevation has a corresponding center reference, overcoming the influence of station number positioning deviations at the starting points of different excavation cycles on logging accuracy, and laying a directional reference for the accurate calculation of subsequent position parameters. Based on the shaft radius, radial azimuth, and the first preset calibration direction, the position parameters of the target measurement point on the horizontal direction of the shaft inner wall are obtained. By introducing the shaft radius and radial azimuth, and using, for example, trigonometric functions and arc length relationships, the actual horizontal position parameters of the target measurement point along the circumference of the shaft wall are obtained, completing the geometric transformation from angle to horizontal position. This achieves a quantitative description of the horizontal position of any point on the curved surface, providing accurate horizontal components for the generation of the recording coordinates. The recording coordinates are obtained based on the elevation and position parameters of the target measurement point, and the position of the target measurement point is plotted according to the recording coordinates. This converts the three-dimensional spatial points on the circular shaft wall into two-dimensional planar coordinates on the recording paper, achieving a precise mapping from the curved surface to the plane. Compared to existing recording methods where the structural surface is difficult to accurately correspond to the corresponding position on the recording paper due to the positioning deviation of the starting point station number, this coordinate processing ensures that each measurement point has a unique and calculable coordinate position on the recording paper. The operator can directly plot the points and draw the diagram based on the coordinates, avoiding the positioning error caused by the curved surface and ensuring the consistency and repeatability of the recorded data.

[0030] This invention provides a complete geological logging technology chain for circular vertical shaft walls, encompassing directional benchmark establishment, radial azimuth measurement, horizontal distance parameter conversion, and planar coordinate plotting. By employing polar coordinate positioning based on angles and elevations instead of traditional stationing methods, and through the progressive conversion from radial azimuth to horizontal distance to logging coordinates, precise positioning and accurate plotting of any structural surface on the circular vertical shaft wall are achieved. This effectively improves the operational convenience and data accuracy of geological logging for vertical shaft walls, providing reliable technical support for geological information collection during the construction of circular vertical shaft projects.

[0031] Optionally, the step of measuring the radial azimuth angle of the target measurement point relative to the center of the shaft, using the first preset calibration direction as a reference, includes: The magnetic declination of the compass is corrected according to the first preset calibration direction, and the corrected compass is placed on the radial line connecting the center of the shaft and the target measurement point.

[0032] Optionally, the step of correcting the magnetic declination of the compass according to the first preset calibration direction includes: Mark the due north direction as the first preset calibration direction, and mark the due north mark in the inner scale of the compass as the reference azimuth mark; Adjust the north mark to coincide with the 0° mark on the outer dial of the compass.

[0033] Specifically, adopting such as Figure 3 When using the compass shown, the compass needle points to the geomagnetic north pole (magnetic north), not the geographic north pole (true north). Due to magnetic declination (the angle between magnetic north and true north), there is a deviation between the directly read magnetic azimuth and the true azimuth. If not corrected, this deviation will be directly transmitted to subsequent arc length calculations and coordinate recording, leading to systematic errors in the recording results. Therefore, the compass must be corrected first to ensure that the radial azimuth is based on a unified direction, meeting the requirements of directional consistency in engineering surveying. Obtain the magnetic declination value at the measurement location. Magnetic declination can be determined by consulting a local geomagnetic map, using an online geomagnetic calculation tool, or through astronomical observation. Taking most parts of China as an example, the magnetic declination is usually a few degrees west of north. Correct the magnetic declination of the compass according to the first preset calibration direction, such as true north. Figure 3 As shown in the diagram, 1 represents the inner dial and 2 represents the outer dial. Adjust the inner dial (or magnetic declination correction ring) of the compass so that the angle between the true north mark (N) on the inner dial and the 0° mark on the outer dial is equal to the local magnetic declination value. After correction, when the compass is stable, the value of the true north mark on the inner dial pointing to the mark on the outer dial is the azimuth angle corresponding to true north.

[0034] The radial azimuth angle is obtained by obtaining the angle by which the reference azimuth scale of the compass deviates from the second preset calibration direction when the measurement reference line of the compass points to the center of the vertical shaft, wherein the angle between the second preset calibration direction and the first preset calibration direction is 180°.

[0035] Optionally, obtaining the radial azimuth angle by acquiring the angle of deviation from the second preset calibration direction when the compass points to the center of the shaft includes: The radial azimuth angle is obtained by reading the degree indicated by the south mark on the outer dial.

[0036] Specifically, the corrected compass is placed on the radial line connecting the center of the shaft and the target measurement point. The radial line refers to the ray direction originating from the center of the shaft and passing through the target measurement point. In practice, the intersection of the shaft axis and the target measurement point at the same elevation is taken as the center of the shaft and marked. A reflective sticker or marker is placed at the target measurement point. The operator holds the compass, adjusts their position and the compass orientation, and aligns the sight (penetrating plate) on the compass with both the center mark and the target measurement point, or aligns the compass measurement baseline with the line connecting the two points. If the center position is inconvenient to place or aim directly, a string method can be used, tying a thin rope between the center and the target measurement point, and aligning the compass measurement baseline parallel to the rope. After the compass is placed on the radial line, the angle between the direction the compass points to the center of the shaft and the second preset calibration direction is the radial azimuth. The angle between the second preset calibration direction and the first preset calibration direction is 180°. The first preset calibration direction is due north (0°), and the second preset calibration direction is due south (180°). With the compass corrected for magnetic declination and the 0° mark pointing towards the center, the radial azimuth is obtained from the south mark on the inner dial. Specifically: after the magnetic needle stabilizes, read the value on the outer dial that aligns with the south mark on the inner dial; this value is the radial azimuth from the center towards the target measurement point.

[0037] This embodiment corrects the magnetic declination of the compass according to a first preset calibration direction, eliminating the influence of geomagnetic declination on the measurement results and ensuring that the measured radial azimuth is based on true north. This improves measurement accuracy and the comparability of measurement results from different regions and times. By placing the corrected compass on the radial line connecting the center of the shaft and the target measurement point, and obtaining the angle of deviation from the second preset calibration direction when the compass points to the center of the shaft, indirect measurement is achieved when it is inconvenient to stand or place equipment directly at the center position. This solves the operational problem of not being able to directly set up the instrument at the center position in traditional methods. By reading the south scale of the compass to obtain the radial azimuth, the reading operation is decoupled from the compass placement direction, reducing the risk of misreading.

[0038] Optionally, two laser emitters are respectively provided at both ends of the compass's measurement reference line; placing the corrected compass on the radial line connecting the center of the shaft and the target measurement point includes: Adjust the corrected compass orientation so that the two laser beams generated by the two laser emitters are respectively aligned with the center of the shaft and the target measurement point.

[0039] Specifically, two small laser emitters are fixedly installed at both ends of the compass's measurement baseline. The two laser emitters are positioned at 0° and 180° on the outer scale of the compass, respectively, with their laser emission directions aligned with the extensions of the 0° and 180° lines. The emission directions of the two laser emitters are parallel to the compass's measurement baseline, and the two laser beams are on the same straight line. The laser emitters can use red or green visible light laser modules, controlled by a micro-button switch and powered by a built-in button battery. After magnetic declination correction is completed, the two laser emitters are activated, emitting two visible laser beams in opposite directions along the compass's measurement baseline. The operator holds the compass and simultaneously observes the positions of the two laser spots: the laser at 0° on the outer scale is emitted towards the center of the shaft, and the laser at 180° on the outer scale is emitted towards the target measurement point. Slowly adjust the compass's horizontal position, orientation, and pitch angle so that the laser beam spot pointing towards the center accurately lands on the center mark (such as a center reflector, plumb line mark, or laser receiving target), and simultaneously ensure that the laser beam spot pointing towards the target measurement point accurately lands on the target measurement point (such as the starting or ending point of the structural surface). When the two laser beam spots simultaneously land on the center mark and the target measurement point respectively, and the spots are stable and do not jump, it is determined that the compass's measurement baseline has coincided with the radial line. Figure 2 As shown, 3 represents the shaft wall, r represents the shaft radius, and target measurement points A and B are located on the inner wall 3 of the shaft. After the compass M is placed, its measurement baseline coincides with the radial line AO ​​connecting target measurement point A and the center O of the shaft, and the radial line BO connecting target measurement point B and the center O of the shaft. Figure 2 The position is indicated by the dashed line. Subsequent readings can then be taken. If the distance to the center or target measurement point is too far, causing the light spot to diffuse or become insufficiently bright, reflective targets can be placed at the center and target measurement point to enhance the visibility of the light spot. Keeping the compass orientation unchanged, read the degree indicated by the south mark on the inner dial on the outer dial, and use this as the radial azimuth.

[0040] This invention employs laser emitters at both ends of the compass measurement baseline. Utilizing the high directionality and visibility of the laser beam, it replaces the traditional aiming method with a telescoping sight, improving aiming accuracy and operational efficiency. By aligning two laser beams with the center of the vertical shaft and the target measurement point respectively, it ensures that the compass measurement baseline perfectly coincides with the radial line, eliminating human aiming errors. The laser beam can span relatively long distances, making it particularly suitable for measurement scenarios involving large-diameter vertical shafts or inaccessible centers. It provides a high-precision, visual alignment aid for the compass, ensuring that the operation of placing the compass on the radial line is more accurate, faster, and more reliable.

[0041] Optionally, the geological logging method for the circular vertical shaft wall further includes: Using the center of the wellhead horizontal plane as a reference, the shaft axis is constructed. The shaft axis is used to mark the position of the shaft center at different elevations. For example, the plumb line method is used, where a plumb line is suspended from the center of the wellhead horizontal plane into the shaft. The plumb line generated by the suspension is the shaft axis, and the subsequent radial azimuth angle is used as the positioning reference for the shaft center.

[0042] Optionally, constructing the shaft axis with the center of the wellhead horizontal plane as a reference includes: Using the center of the wellhead horizontal plane as a reference, the laser emitter is activated to emit a laser beam into the vertical shaft in a direction perpendicular to the wellhead horizontal plane, and this laser beam is used as the axis of the vertical shaft.

[0043] Specifically, the center position is determined on the horizontal plane of the shaft opening using geometric measurement methods. These methods include: measuring the coordinates of at least three points on the inner circumference of the shaft opening and calculating the center coordinates using the three-point circle determination method; or measuring the two ends of the shaft opening diameter and taking the midpoint as the center; or drawing a cross line at the shaft opening, with the intersection being the center. A laser plumb line (or laser vertical line) is set up at the center position at the shaft opening, precisely aligning the center of the laser emitter with the center mark. The base of the laser emitter is adjusted to ensure it is level (leveled using a circular or tubular level on the base). A laser plumb line is a specialized instrument for emitting vertical laser beams, typically equipped with self-collimation and automatic compensation functions to ensure the laser beam is strictly perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The laser emitter is activated, emitting a laser beam into the shaft in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the shaft opening (i.e., the vertical direction). This laser beam is the visual representation of the shaft's axis. At different elevations, laser receiving targets (or semi-transparent target plates, laser detectors) are used to receive the laser beam spots. The location of the laser spot is the center of the circle at that elevation. The center of the laser spot can be marked on the receiving target as a marker for locating the center at that elevation. The horizontal offset of the laser spot position is measured at multiple elevations to calculate the verticality deviation of the shaft. If the deviation exceeds the allowable range, the laser beam is corrected to ensure that the laser beam accurately represents the shaft axis, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent radial azimuth and position parameter acquisition.

[0044] Optionally, obtaining the position parameters of the target measurement point in the horizontal direction of the inner wall of the shaft based on the shaft radius, the radial azimuth angle, and the first preset calibration direction includes: Based on the first preset calibration direction, a reference line perpendicular to the horizontal direction is marked on the inner wall of the shaft.

[0045] Specifically, based on a first preset calibration direction (such as true north), a vertical reference line (perpendicular to the horizontal direction) is marked on the inner wall of the shaft. That is, true north is determined on the horizontal plane at the shaft opening, and this direction is vertically transferred to the bottom of the shaft using a plumb line or laser plumb line. A continuous vertical line is then marked on the shaft wall along this line using paint, reflective tape, or a marker. This reference line serves as the zero-degree baseline in the horizontal direction, corresponding to a radial azimuth of 0°.

[0046] Based on the shaft radius and the radial azimuth angle, the arc length of the target measurement point in the horizontal direction from the reference line is obtained based on the arc length relationship expression, and this arc length is used as the position parameter.

[0047] Specifically, based on the shaft radius and the radial azimuth of the target measurement point, the actual arc length of the point along the circumference of the shaft wall from the reference line is calculated using the arc length relationship expression. The arc length relationship expression is: L=(π×r×θ) / 180, where L is the actual arc length, π is taken as 3.14, r is the shaft radius, and θ is the radial azimuth angle. For example, if the shaft radius r=5 meters and the radial azimuth angle θ=90° of the target measurement point, then L=(3.14×5×90) / 180=7.85 meters. This arc length represents the actual curved distance from the reference line along the circumference of the shaft wall clockwise (or counterclockwise, depending on the agreed positive direction) to the target measurement point. The calculated arc length L is used as the position parameter of the target measurement point in the horizontal direction of the shaft wall. This position parameter can be directly used for subsequent coordinate calculation.

[0048] This embodiment establishes a unified horizontal position benchmark by marking reference lines on the inner wall of the shaft based on a first preset calibration direction. This ensures that the horizontal distances of all measurement points are calculated relative to the same zero degree, avoiding inconsistencies in the recorded data caused by deviations in the starting point positioning. Based on the shaft radius and radial azimuth, the angle measurement values ​​are converted into actual arc lengths using an arc length relationship expression. This achieves a precise geometric transformation from polar coordinates (angle + radius) to rectangular coordinates (arc length + elevation), providing accurate horizontal components for the generation of recorded coordinates. The arc length, as a position parameter, has a linear relationship with the shaft radius; the calculation process is simple and reliable, facilitating rapid on-site calculations or batch processing.

[0049] Optionally, obtaining the recorded coordinates based on the elevation of the target measurement point and the position parameters, and drawing the position of the target measurement point according to the recorded coordinates, includes: According to the preset scale, the recording coordinates are obtained by using the location parameters as the abscissa and the elevation as the ordinate.

[0050] Specifically, the arc length is adjusted according to the scale, and the adjusted arc length parameter X is used as the abscissa value of the recorded coordinates, and the elevation h of the target measurement point is used as the ordinate value of the recorded coordinates to obtain the recorded coordinates (X, h).

[0051] A plane rectangular coordinate system is established. The horizontal axis of the coordinate system is used to represent the horizontal position of the inner wall of the shaft after it is unfolded. The vertical axis of the coordinate system is used to represent the elevation. The origin of the coordinate system corresponds to the intersection of the reference line and the preset elevation horizontal plane.

[0052] Specifically, a Cartesian coordinate system is established on the recording paper. The horizontal axis (X-axis) of the coordinate system represents the horizontal position of the inner wall of the shaft after unfolding, i.e., the arc length measured from the reference line. The positive direction of the horizontal axis is horizontal to the right (indicating a clockwise or counterclockwise direction along the circumference of the shaft wall starting from the reference line). The vertical axis (Y-axis) of the coordinate system represents the elevation, i.e., the height measured from the preset elevation horizontal plane. The positive direction of the vertical axis is vertically downward (indicating the direction of elevation increase, i.e., extending towards the bottom of the shaft). The origin of the coordinate system is defined as the intersection of the reference line and the preset elevation horizontal plane. The preset elevation horizontal plane is usually taken as the highest elevation at the shaft opening (i.e., the plane at the upper edge of the shaft opening), and the origin is the intersection of the true north reference line and the plane at the shaft opening, with coordinates (0, 0).

[0053] The location of the target measurement point is plotted on the coordinate system according to the recorded coordinates. That is, the point is determined in the coordinate system according to the converted recorded coordinates (X, h), and the location of the target measurement point is marked on the recording paper.

[0054] Optionally, the geological logging method for the circular vertical shaft wall further includes: When the same structural surface includes at least two target measurement points, calculate the recorded coordinates of each target measurement point respectively; By sequentially connecting adjacent recorded coordinates on the coordinate system, the trace of the structural surface on the inner wall of the shaft is obtained.

[0055] Specifically, when the target measurement points are multiple points on the same structural surface (such as starting point A, intermediate point C, and ending point B), the recorded coordinates of each point are calculated separately. Adjacent points are then connected sequentially on the coordinate system to form a broken line segment or a curved segment, which serves as the trace of the structural surface on the well wall. A ruler can be used to connect straight lines, or a curve board can be used to fit curved traces.

[0056] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for geological logging of the wall of a circular vertical shaft, characterized in that, include: Using the first preset calibration direction as a reference, the radial azimuth angle of the target measurement point relative to the center of the shaft is measured, wherein the center of the shaft is the intersection point on the shaft axis with the target measurement point at the same elevation; Based on the shaft radius, the radial azimuth angle, and the first preset calibration direction, the position parameters of the target measurement point in the horizontal direction of the inner wall of the shaft are obtained. Based on the elevation of the target measurement point and the location parameters, the recorded coordinates are obtained, and the position of the target measurement point is drawn according to the recorded coordinates.

2. The geological logging method for the wall of a circular vertical shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of measuring the radial azimuth angle of the target measurement point relative to the center of the shaft, based on the first preset calibration direction, includes: The magnetic declination of the compass is corrected according to the first preset calibration direction, and the corrected compass is placed on the radial line connecting the center of the vertical shaft and the target measurement point. The radial azimuth angle is obtained by obtaining the angle by which the reference azimuth scale of the compass deviates from the second preset calibration direction when the measurement reference line of the compass points to the center of the vertical shaft, wherein the angle between the second preset calibration direction and the first preset calibration direction is 180°.

3. The geological logging method for the wall of a circular vertical shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that, Two laser emitters are respectively installed at both ends of the compass's measurement baseline; placing the corrected compass on the radial line connecting the center of the vertical shaft and the target measurement point includes: Adjust the corrected compass orientation so that the two laser beams generated by the two laser emitters are respectively aligned with the center of the shaft and the target measurement point.

4. The geological logging method for the wall of a circular vertical shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of correcting the magnetic declination of the compass according to the first preset calibration direction includes: Mark the due north direction as the first preset calibration direction, and mark the due north scale in the inner scale of the compass as the reference azimuth scale; Adjust the north mark to coincide with the 0° mark on the outer dial of the compass.

5. The geological logging method for the wall of a circular vertical shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the radial azimuth angle by measuring the angle at which the compass deviates from the second preset calibration direction when pointing to the center of the shaft includes: The radial azimuth angle is obtained by reading the degree indicated by the south mark on the outer dial.

6. The geological logging method for the wall of a circular vertical shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Using the center of the wellhead horizontal plane as a reference, the shaft axis is constructed. The shaft axis is used to mark the position of the shaft center at different elevations.

7. The geological logging method for the wall of a circular vertical shaft according to claim 6, characterized in that, The construction of the vertical shaft axis, using the center of the horizontal plane at the wellhead as a reference, includes: Using the center of the wellhead horizontal plane as a reference, the laser emitter is activated to emit a laser beam into the vertical shaft in a direction perpendicular to the wellhead horizontal plane, and this laser beam is used as the axis of the vertical shaft.

8. The geological logging method for the wall of a circular vertical shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of obtaining the position parameters of the target measurement point in the horizontal direction of the inner wall of the shaft based on the shaft radius, the radial azimuth angle, and the first preset calibration direction includes: Based on the first preset calibration direction, a reference line perpendicular to the horizontal direction is marked on the inner wall of the shaft; Based on the shaft radius and the radial azimuth angle, the arc length of the target measurement point in the horizontal direction from the reference line is obtained based on the arc length relationship expression, and this arc length is used as the position parameter.

9. The geological logging method for the wall of a circular vertical shaft according to claim 8, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the recorded coordinates based on the elevation and position parameters of the target measurement point, and drawing the position of the target measurement point according to the recorded coordinates, includes: According to the preset scale, the recording coordinates are obtained with the location parameters as the abscissa and the elevation as the ordinate. Establish a plane rectangular coordinate system. The horizontal axis of the coordinate system is used to represent the horizontal position of the inner wall of the shaft after it is unfolded. The vertical axis of the coordinate system is used to represent the elevation. The origin of the coordinate system corresponds to the intersection of the reference line and the preset elevation horizontal plane. The position of the target measurement point is plotted on the coordinate system according to the recorded coordinates.

10. The geological logging method for the wall of a circular vertical shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: When the same structural surface includes at least two target measurement points, calculate the recorded coordinates of each target measurement point respectively; By sequentially connecting adjacent recorded coordinates on the coordinate system, the trace of the structural surface on the inner wall of the shaft is obtained.

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