A micro-sensing monitoring method based on balloon modeling

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of micro-sensor monitoring technology, and more particularly to a micro-sensor monitoring method based on balloon modeling. The method includes: placing a target balloon and a micro-pressure monitoring device inside a target simulated container to collect a first pressure value and a first cumulative water volume; determining a linear stability segment to define the pressure monitoring range and the water volume monitoring range; injecting water into the target balloon at a test injection rate to collect a second pressure value; calculating pressure response characteristic parameters and response sensitivity indicators to determine a suitable injection rate range; determining a corrected injection rate and injecting water into the target balloon, collecting a third and fourth pressure value; determining monitoring consistency parameters to determine whether the pressure output value and corresponding time of the micro-monitoring device need to be corrected; verifying the correction effect; and outputting detection correction parameters. This invention improves the accuracy and sensitivity of the micro-sensor monitoring device in the practical application of balloon modeling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of micro-sensing and monitoring technology, and in particular to a micro-sensing and monitoring method based on balloon modeling. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of animal tumor model research, balloon-based methods for simulating space-occupying lesions are widely used in constructing high-pressure models within the orbit or intracranial cavity. This involves implanting an inflatable balloon at a specific location in the orbit or intracranial cavity and injecting filler to simulate tissue compression and increased pressure caused by tumor growth. However, existing pressure monitoring methods have significant limitations when applied to balloon modeling scenarios. Due to their small size and limited implantation location, miniature pressure monitoring devices exhibit differences in the stability of their sensing membrane in contact with the liquid, signal response speed, and long-term drift characteristics compared to conventional sensors. This leads to systematic biases and time delays between the measured results and the actual pressure. Furthermore, the balloon's inflation rate significantly affects the dynamic characteristics of the pressure response; excessively fast inflation may cause pressure overshoot, while excessively slow inflation results in excessively long experimental cycles. Current technology lacks a systematic calibration method that can comprehensively consider sensor amplitude errors, time delays, and the appropriateness of inflation rates in simulated orbital or intracranial environments, thereby ensuring the data accuracy and dynamic response reliability of miniature monitoring devices when used independently.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN112305040A discloses an implantable micro biosensor for measuring physiological parameters of analytes in vivo, comprising: a substrate, a first working electrode including a first sensing segment, at least one second working electrode including a second sensing segment, and at least one counter electrode containing silver / silver halide. The first sensing segment is driven to generate a measurement range to measure physiological signals corresponding to the physiological parameters of the analyte. The second sensing segment is driven to form a de-interference range contacting the periphery of the first sensing segment and at least partially overlapping the measurement range, to directly and continuously consume interfering substances in the body. The counter electrode, in addition to cooperating with the first and second working electrodes for physiological signal measurement and interfering substance consumption, can also be driven to regenerate silver halide.

[0004] Therefore, it is evident that the existing technology has the following problems: The existing technology does not consider simulation testing of the micro-sensor monitoring device before its actual application in balloon modeling, does not consider determining the monitoring range corresponding to the injection volume and pressure and the appropriate range of injection speed through pre-simulation testing, and does not consider calibrating the micro-sensor monitoring device with a conventional pressure monitoring device. As a result, the micro-sensor monitoring device has low accuracy and sensitivity in the actual application of balloon modeling. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address this, the present invention provides a micro-sensor monitoring method based on balloon modeling, which overcomes the problem in the prior art that the micro-sensor monitoring device does not consider the actual application of balloon modeling when used in conjunction with a balloon, and does not consider the sensing errors in numerical value and sensing time between the pressure sensing data output during balloon inflation and the actual indicators, resulting in low accuracy and sensitivity of the micro-sensor monitoring device in the actual application of balloon modeling.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a micro-sensing and monitoring method based on balloon modeling, comprising: The target balloon and the micro pressure monitoring device are placed inside the target simulation container. Water is injected into the target balloon at a preset constant injection rate. Several first pressure values ​​and several first cumulative injection volumes of the simulated environment are collected based on preset volume intervals. The slope of the pressure difference between adjacent pressures is determined based on each first pressure value in order to determine the linear stable segment of pressure change; The pressure monitoring range and the water injection volume monitoring range are determined based on the linear stable section and the preset key pressure threshold. Water is injected into the target balloon based on several test injection rates, and several second pressure values ​​of the simulated environment at the corresponding test injection rates are collected based on the water injection volume monitoring range and the pressure monitoring range to construct a pressure-time response curve. Based on the pressure-time response curve, pressure response characteristic parameters are calculated to determine the response sensitivity index corresponding to each test water injection rate. Based on the pressure response characteristic parameters and the response sensitivity index, a suitable range of water injection rate is determined to determine the corrected water injection rate. Water is injected into the target balloon at a corrected injection rate. Several third pressure values ​​of the simulated environment are collected by a micro pressure monitoring device, and several fourth pressure values ​​of the simulated environment are collected by a conventional pressure monitoring device. Based on each third pressure value and each fourth pressure value, the monitoring consistency parameters are determined; Based on the monitoring consistency parameters, it is determined whether the output data of the micro monitoring device needs to be corrected, and the correction effect is verified based on the pressure waveform similarity. The detection correction parameters of the micro pressure monitoring device are output to correct the output data of the micro monitoring device. The detection and correction parameters include the monitoring and correction delay duration and the amplitude correction coefficient.

[0007] Furthermore, the process of determining the linear steady segment of the pressure change includes: Calculate the ratio of the difference between each adjacent first pressure value to the preset volume interval to determine the slope of the adjacent pressure difference; Based on several first pressure values, several initial pressure segments are divided to calculate the average value and standard deviation of the slope of the adjacent pressure difference corresponding to each initial pressure segment. If a predetermined number of consecutive initial pressure segments satisfy the first predetermined condition, then the corresponding initial pressure segment is determined to be a linearly stable segment of pressure change. The first preset condition is that the average rate of change and the standard deviation of the slope of the adjacent pressure difference in the initial pressure segment are both less than a preset threshold.

[0008] Furthermore, the process of determining the pressure monitoring range and the water injection volume monitoring range includes: The pressure monitoring range is determined based on the first pressure value range corresponding to the linear stable segment and the preset key pressure threshold. The range of the first cumulative injection volume in the linear stable section is determined based on the pressure monitoring range, thereby determining the injection volume monitoring range.

[0009] Furthermore, the process of calculating the characteristic parameters of the pressure response includes: Based on the pressure-time response curves corresponding to each test water injection rate, the steady-state pressure, steady-state pressure increment, and peak pressure during the water injection process are determined after the water injection is completed. Based on the steady-state pressure corresponding to each test water injection rate, determine the time point corresponding to the steady-state pressure increment in the preset rise range, so as to determine the pressure rise time corresponding to each test water injection rate. Calculate the ratio of the difference between the peak pressure and the steady-state pressure corresponding to each test water injection rate to the steady-state pressure increment, in order to determine the pressure overshoot corresponding to each test water injection rate; The steady-state pressure time is determined by the injection start time and the time to reach steady-state pressure corresponding to each test injection rate.

[0010] Furthermore, the process of calculating the response sensitivity index corresponding to several test water injection rates includes: The pressure change rate is determined based on the ratio of the steady-state pressure increment to the injection volume corresponding to each test injection rate. The response sensitivity index corresponding to each test water injection rate is determined based on the ratio of pressure change rate to pressure rise time.

[0011] Furthermore, the process of determining the appropriate range for water injection rate includes: The test water injection rate is determined by screening test water injection rates where both pressure overshoot and pressure steady-state time are less than the corresponding preset thresholds. Select the first test water injection speed corresponding to the preset response sensitivity index range to determine the appropriate range of water injection speed.

[0012] Furthermore, the process of determining the correct water injection rate includes: The test water injection rate corresponding to the maximum value of the response sensitivity index within the appropriate water injection rate range is obtained in order to determine the corrected water injection rate.

[0013] Furthermore, the process of determining monitoring consistency parameters includes: Calculate the average difference between the third and fourth pressure values ​​at each data collection time point to determine the pressure deviation; Cross-correlation analysis was performed on a first signal sequence constructed based on several third pressure values ​​and a second signal sequence constructed based on several fourth pressure values. The monitoring delay duration was determined based on the time offset corresponding to the maximum value of the cross-correlation function.

[0014] Furthermore, the process of determining whether the micro-monitoring device needs to be calibrated based on the monitoring consistency parameters includes: If any monitoring consistency parameter is greater than the corresponding preset threshold, it is determined that the pressure output value and the corresponding time of the micro monitoring device need to be corrected.

[0015] Furthermore, the process of verifying the correction effect based on the similarity of pressure waveforms between the micro pressure monitoring device and the conventional pressure monitoring device includes: If the pressure waveform similarity is greater than the preset pressure waveform similarity threshold, then the correction effect is determined to meet the requirements. The similarity of the pressure waveform is determined by the coefficient of determination between the third and fourth pressure values ​​obtained after correction.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: By placing the target balloon and the micro pressure monitoring device together in a simulated container and obtaining the pressure-volume relationship with constant low-speed water injection, a baseline characteristic curve of the simulated environment can be established; by calculating the differential slope and identifying the linear stable segment, it can be ensured that the subsequent pressure monitoring range falls within the linear response region of the sensor, avoiding the impact of nonlinear distortion on measurement accuracy; by introducing a preset key pressure threshold, the determination of the monitoring range is directly linked to the safety constraints of balloon model construction, ensuring pressure control during model construction; through step response experiments at multiple test speeds, three characteristic parameters—rise time, overshoot, and steady-state time—can be extracted, enabling quantification. The dynamic response characteristics of the micro-device to water injection rate are analyzed. By calculating the response sensitivity index and selecting a suitable water injection rate range, pressure overshoot due to excessively fast injection or excessively slow injection leading to excessively long experimental cycles can be avoided, thus obtaining both rapid and stable monitoring conditions. By synchronously acquiring data with the corrected water injection rate and calculating pressure deviation and monitoring delay, systematic errors between the micro-device and conventional sensors can be identified. The correction effect is verified through pressure waveform similarity, ensuring that the corrected data is highly consistent with that of conventional sensors in terms of morphology. This guarantees the reliability and accuracy of the micro-device in subsequent independent use, improving the accuracy and sensitivity of the micro-sensing monitoring device in the practical application of balloon modeling.

[0017] Furthermore, by calculating the slope of adjacent pressure differences and dividing the initial pressure segment, this invention can discretize the continuous pressure-volume curve into statistically analyzable local intervals, facilitating the quantitative assessment of the linearity and stability of the pressure response. By calculating the average and standard deviation of the slope within each segment, local trends and fluctuations can be examined simultaneously, thereby comprehensively determining whether the segment belongs to the ideal linear response region. By requiring continuous segments to simultaneously meet the conditions, misjudgments caused by accidental fluctuations in a single segment are avoided, improving the robustness of identifying linear stable segments. By setting a threshold for the rate of change of the average slope, it is ensured that the pressure increase rate with the injection volume within the linear stable segment is essentially constant, meaning the sensor has consistent sensitivity within this interval. By setting a standard deviation threshold, it is ensured that the slope fluctuation within the segment is small, reflecting that the pressure reading is stable and has low noise within this interval.

[0018] Furthermore, this invention establishes a direct correspondence between physiologically relevant pressure and water injection operation volume by first determining the pressure monitoring range and then mapping the water injection volume interval, making subsequent water injection control pressure-target oriented. The pressure monitoring range is simultaneously constrained by the linear stability segment boundary and the safety limit value, ensuring that the selected pressure interval is both within the sensor's linear response region and does not exceed the safety requirements of practical applications. When mapping the water injection volume interval, the water injection volume boundary of the linear stability segment is used to perform a secondary trimming of the pressure mapping interval, further eliminating nonlinear regions outside the linear stability segment, ensuring that all water injection operations within the water injection volume monitoring range fall within the sensor's linear region.

[0019] Furthermore, this invention systematically extracts steady-state pressure, steady-state pressure increment, and peak pressure from the pressure-time response curve, enabling a complete description of the static and dynamic behavior of the microdevice under a single water injection excitation. The calculation of pressure rise time is based on a preset steady-state pressure increment range, avoiding the nonlinear transition region at the beginning and end stages, and accurately reflecting the sensor's main response speed. Quantification of pressure overshoot reveals whether the microdevice experiences excessive impact during rapid water injection; excessive overshoot leads to artificially high pressure readings, misleading the experimenter's judgment of the actual state. The measurement of pressure steady-state time, from the start of water injection to entering the steady-state zone, integrates the overall time of response speed and adjustment. These three characteristic parameters correspond to response speed, stability, and overall adjustment capability, respectively, complementing each other and forming a complete index system for evaluating the dynamic performance of the microdevice.

[0020] Furthermore, by using the ratio of steady-state pressure increment to injection volume as the pressure change rate, this invention eliminates the influence of different injection volumes on sensitivity evaluation, allowing for a fair comparison of the device's static sensitivity even with slight differences in actual injection volumes at different test speeds. The pressure change rate directly expresses the micro-device's ability to convert injection volume into pressure. Introducing pressure rise time allows the response sensitivity index to simultaneously include information on dynamic response speed; a shorter rise time indicates a faster response to excitation, resulting in a higher index value. This index design allows for a comprehensive balance between accuracy and speed when comparing different test injection speeds. The suitable injection speed range selected through this index ensures that the micro-device will not experience prolonged drift due to excessively slow speeds, nor will it suffer severe dynamic distortion due to excessively fast speeds during calibration.

[0021] Furthermore, this invention, by simultaneously requiring that both pressure overshoot and pressure steady-state time be less than their respective preset thresholds, can eliminate water injection rates with unstable or excessively slow dynamic responses. Excessive pressure overshoot can lead to false peaks in pressure readings, potentially triggering unnecessary safety alarms or misleading the experimenter into believing that the target monitoring pressure has been reached; excessively long pressure steady-state time means the device requires a long waiting time to provide a reliable reading, reducing experimental efficiency. Using these two conditions as the first screening step ensures the basic dynamic performance of the selected rates. Among the rates that pass the first screening, the response sensitivity index is further required to be no less than a preset range, thereby ensuring that the selected rates have a superior overall performance in terms of static sensitivity and dynamic response. Through this two-layer screening, all rates within the suitable water injection rate range are determined to have good dynamic stability and comprehensive response capabilities.

[0022] Furthermore, by selecting the injection speed with the highest response sensitivity index within a suitable water injection speed range as the correction injection speed, this invention ensures that the conditions for subsequent consistency parameter acquisition are optimal. The response sensitivity index comprehensively reflects the pressure change rate and response speed of the micro-device under unit volume water injection. The highest index means that at this speed, the device can both generate a pressure change of sufficient amplitude and respond quickly.

[0023] Furthermore, by simultaneously acquiring the third and fourth pressure values, this invention obtains parallel output data of the microdevice and conventional sensors under the same conditions, providing a direct basis for subsequent deviation and delay analysis. Calculating the average pressure difference at each time point as the pressure deviation eliminates the influence of random noise, yielding a stable estimate of the systematic amplitude error. The magnitude of this deviation directly determines whether amplitude correction is needed and the strength of the correction. Cross-correlation analysis determines the monitoring delay duration, utilizing the similarity matching principle of time series to accurately estimate the relative time offset between the two signals. The maximum value of the cross-correlation function corresponds to the optimal alignment position of the two signals on the time axis. The sign of the monitoring delay duration indicates whether the microdevice is lagging or leading, providing directional information for subsequent time correction. These two consistency parameters are independent of each other, describing the differences between the microdevice and the reference standard in the amplitude and time domains, respectively.

[0024] Furthermore, this invention transforms the judgment of whether correction is needed into a quantifiable numerical comparison by setting explicit pressure deviation thresholds and monitoring delay duration thresholds. The existence of any significant systematic error will trigger the correction process, thereby ensuring that both types of errors are effectively compensated for after correction in the microdevice. The correction effect is quantitatively verified by pressure waveform similarity. If the pressure waveform of the corrected microdevice is highly consistent in shape with that of a conventional sensor, it means that both amplitude and time errors have been effectively compensated.

[0025] Furthermore, the adaptive calibration method based on detection calibration parameters provided by this invention can simultaneously identify systematic pressure deviations and signal monitoring delays between the miniature pressure monitoring device and conventional sensors in a simulated intraorbital or intracranial environment. For pressure deviations, an amplitude correction coefficient is used to scale the measured values, thereby eliminating amplitude errors caused by inconsistencies in sensitivity. For signal monitoring delays, a forward shift of the time axis is used to compensate for time errors caused by the lag in the miniature device's response. These two calibration operations are independent and can be performed simultaneously, eliminating systematic errors in the miniature device from both the amplitude and time domains. The detection calibration parameters have been verified for their effectiveness using pressure waveform similarity, ensuring that the calibrated pressure waveform is highly consistent with that of conventional sensors. The adaptive calibration method based on detection calibration parameters can improve the measurement accuracy and response realism of the miniature pressure monitoring device in practical applications of balloon modeling. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a micro-sensing and monitoring method based on balloon modeling, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 A flowchart for determining the linear steady segment of pressure change in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the determination of the pressure monitoring range and the water injection volume monitoring range in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart for calculating pressure response characteristic parameters according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0028] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] As an explanation, the application scenario of this invention is as follows: When constructing orbital or intracranial tumor models in experimental animals, a balloon is typically implanted in the posterior orbit or intracranial cavity. Fillers such as saline or sodium hyaluronate gel are injected into the balloon to simulate tissue compression and increased intraorbital or intracranial pressure caused by tumor growth. To accurately control model parameters and monitor orbital pressure changes in real time, a miniature pressure monitoring device needs to be implanted in a specific location within the orbit or intracranial cavity. However, the accuracy of the miniature device's measurements in the orbital or intracranial environment cannot be directly verified before or after implantation in an offline state. The simulation container calibration method provided by this invention can simulate the density, pressure, viscosity, and temperature of intraorbital or intracranial fluid in vitro. Controllable pressure changes are generated by injecting water into the balloon. Using conventional high-precision sensors as a reference, the miniature device is systematically calibrated, ensuring that it provides accurate and reliable orbital pressure data in subsequent experiments and the construction of balloon models of the orbital or intracranial environment.

[0031] Please see Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of a micro-sensing and monitoring method based on balloon modeling according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes: Step S1: Place the target balloon and the micro pressure monitoring device inside the target simulation container, inject water into the target balloon at a preset constant water injection rate, and collect a number of first pressure values ​​and a number of first cumulative water injection volumes of the simulated environment based on preset volume intervals. Step S2: Determine the slope of the adjacent pressure difference based on each first pressure value to determine the linear stable segment of the pressure change; Step S3: Determine the pressure monitoring range and the water injection volume monitoring range based on the linear stable segment and the preset key pressure threshold. Step S4: Inject water into the target balloon based on several test water injection rates, and collect several second pressure values ​​of the simulated environment at the corresponding test water injection rates based on the water injection volume monitoring range and the pressure monitoring range, so as to construct a pressure-time response curve. Step S5: Calculate pressure response characteristic parameters based on the pressure-time response curve, wherein the pressure response characteristic parameters include pressure rise time, pressure overshoot, and pressure steady-state time. Step S6: Calculate the response sensitivity index corresponding to each test water injection rate based on the pressure response characteristic parameters; Step S7: Determine the appropriate range of water injection rate based on the pressure response characteristic parameters and the response sensitivity index; Step S8: Determine the corrected water injection rate based on the appropriate water injection rate range to inject water into the target balloon, collect several third pressure values ​​of the simulated environment through a micro pressure monitoring device, and collect several fourth pressure values ​​of the simulated environment under the corrected water injection rate conditions through a conventional pressure monitoring device. Step S9: Determine monitoring consistency parameters based on each third pressure value and each fourth pressure value, wherein the monitoring consistency parameters include the pressure deviation between the micro pressure monitoring device and the conventional pressure monitoring device and the monitoring delay time; Step S10: Determine whether the pressure output value and corresponding time of the micro monitoring device need to be corrected based on the monitoring consistency parameters. Step S11: After completing the correction of the pressure output value and corresponding time of the micro-monitoring device, the correction effect is verified based on the similarity of the pressure waveform between the micro-pressure monitoring device and the conventional pressure monitoring device, so as to output the detection correction parameters of the micro-pressure monitoring device, wherein the detection correction parameters include the monitoring correction delay time and the amplitude correction coefficient.

[0032] In this embodiment, in step S1, a target simulation container is prepared. This container is a sealed cavity with a constant volume, filled with simulated eye fluid. It is understood that the density, viscosity, pressure, and temperature of the simulated eye fluid are set with reference to real orbital or intracranial fluid to simulate the orbital or intracranial environment. The target balloon and the miniature pressure monitoring device are fixedly installed in a preset position inside the container, ensuring that the balloon does not directly compress the sensor membrane during inflation. The target balloon is made of medical-grade silicone, featuring a thin wall and elastic inflation capability. The balloon is connected to the outside of the target simulation container via a silicone water injection tube. The end of the water injection tube is connected to a water supply line with a controllable flow rate and integrates a one-way valve to prevent backflow. The pressure sensor in the miniature pressure monitoring device is based on six capacitive pressure sensing modules mounted on an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). A coil surrounds the ASIC for sensing power supply and to enable telemetry data exchange with a handheld reading device. The entire miniature pressure monitoring device is encapsulated in a biocompatible silicone rubber shell. The maximum distance between the target simulation container and the reading device is 5 to 8 centimeters, or it can be placed close to the target simulation container for uninterrupted telemetry communication.

[0033] In this embodiment, in step S1, before the experiment begins, the gas inside the balloon must be completely expelled, leaving it in a fully folded, uninflated state. The initial pressure value inside the target simulation container at this time is recorded. The constant injection rate of the syringe pump on the water supply line is set to 0.05 ml per minute, and the syringe pump is started to inject sterile saline into the balloon. Simultaneously, the data acquisition system is activated, triggering monitoring at preset volume intervals of 0.01 ml. The pressure value of the micro-pressure monitoring device is recorded as the first pressure value, and the cumulative injection volume is recorded as the first cumulative injection volume. Injection and recording are stopped after the balloon reaches its maximum inflation capacity (preferably 1.5 mL in an orbital or intracranial scenario). Throughout the process, the simulated eye fluid is kept leak-free within the target simulation container, and the temperature fluctuation of the simulated eye fluid does not exceed ±0.2 degrees Celsius.

[0034] Please see Figure 2 As shown, it is a flowchart for determining the linear stable segment of pressure change in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Specifically, in step S2, the process of determining the linear steady segment of the pressure change includes: Step S21: Calculate the ratio of the difference between each adjacent first pressure value to the preset volume interval to determine the slope of the adjacent pressure difference; Step S22: Divide the pressure into several initial pressure segments based on several first pressure values, and calculate the average value and standard deviation of the slope of the adjacent pressure difference corresponding to each initial pressure segment. Step S23: If the initial pressure segments of a continuously preset number satisfy the first preset condition, then the corresponding initial pressure segment is determined to be a linear stable segment of pressure change. The first preset condition is that the average rate of change and the standard deviation of the slope of the adjacent pressure difference in the initial pressure segment are both less than a preset threshold.

[0036] In this embodiment, based on a preset volume interval of 0.01 ml, the ratio of the difference between two adjacent first pressure values ​​to the corresponding time duration of that volume interval is calculated to obtain a series of adjacent pressure difference slopes, each slope corresponding to a water injection volume range. The entire water injection process is divided into several initial pressure segments, each containing 25 consecutive pressure values, and each initial pressure segment corresponding to a water injection volume range. For each initial pressure segment, the arithmetic mean and standard deviation of all adjacent pressure difference slopes within that segment are calculated. The standard deviation reflects the dispersion of slope fluctuations within that segment.

[0037] If four adjacent initial pressure segments are examined consecutively, and all four initial pressure segments meet the first preset condition, then the water injection interval covered by these four initial pressure segments is determined to be a linear stable segment of pressure change.

[0038] Specifically, the first preset condition is: the absolute value of the rate of change of the average slope of each initial pressure segment compared to the average slope of the previous adjacent initial pressure segment is less than 10%, and the standard deviation of the slope within that segment is less than 0.05 times the average slope of that segment. The rate of change is calculated as the absolute value of the current segment's average minus the average of the previous segment, divided by the average of the previous segment. When at least four consecutive segments meet the condition, the pressure value and injection volume corresponding to the starting point of the first segment are recorded as the starting point of the linear stable segment, and the pressure value and injection volume corresponding to the ending point of the last segment are recorded as the ending point of the linear stable segment. If the longest consecutive segment meeting the condition is greater than four segments, it is necessary to determine whether the currently identified four consecutive segments that first meet the condition are inclusive of the longest consecutive segment. If they are not inclusive, the pressure value and injection volume corresponding to the starting point of the first segment of the longest consecutive segment meeting the condition are recorded as the starting point of the linear stable segment, and the pressure value and injection volume corresponding to the ending point of the last segment are recorded as the ending point of the linear stable segment.

[0039] In special cases, if there are no four consecutive adjacent initial pressure segments that meet the first preset condition, the number of data points in each segment of the initial pressure segment is adjusted to reduce the number of data points in each initial pressure segment, for example, 20, 15, 10, 5, until four consecutive adjacent initial pressure segments are examined and all meet the first preset condition.

[0040] Please see Figure 3 As shown, it is a flowchart for determining the pressure monitoring range and the water injection volume monitoring range in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Specifically, in step S3, the process of determining the pressure monitoring range and the water injection volume monitoring range includes: Step S31: Determine the pressure monitoring range based on the first pressure value range corresponding to the linear stable segment and the preset key pressure threshold. Step S32: Determine the range of the first cumulative injection volume in the linear stable section based on the pressure monitoring range, so as to determine the injection volume monitoring range.

[0042] In this embodiment, the starting pressure value and the ending pressure value are obtained from the first pressure value range corresponding to the linear stable segment. The preset key pressure threshold is a safety limit pressure value set according to the actual usage requirements of the balloon modeling scenario. The lower limit of the pressure monitoring range is taken as the starting pressure value, and the upper limit is taken as the smaller of the ending pressure value and the key pressure threshold. The water injection volume interval is mapped based on the pressure monitoring range: from the previously recorded complete pressure-water injection volume data, the first cumulative water injection volume corresponding to the first time the pressure value equals the lower limit of the pressure monitoring range is found, which is taken as the lower boundary of the water injection volume; the first cumulative water injection volume corresponding to the first time the pressure value equals the upper limit of the pressure monitoring range is found, which is taken as the upper boundary of the water injection volume. Thus, the water injection volume interval mapped by pressure is obtained. The final water injection volume monitoring range is determined as follows: the starting point of the water injection volume monitoring range is the lower boundary of the above-mentioned water injection volume, and the ending point is taken as the smaller value of the water injection volume at the end of the linear stable segment and the upper boundary of the above-mentioned water injection volume.

[0043] In this embodiment, in step S4, the balloon is completely retracted to its uninflated state, and the pressure reading of the micro pressure monitoring device is reset to zero. Preferably, 10 test water injection rates are set, with 10 rate values ​​evenly selected within the range of 0.02 ml / min to 0.20 ml / min. For each water injection rate, an independent step water injection experiment is performed. The water injection volume in each independent step water injection experiment must ensure that the final pressure after water injection does not exceed the upper limit of the pressure monitoring range.

[0044] The specific operation for each step injection rate experiment is as follows: Start the injection pump at the corresponding injection rate, inject the predetermined volume, and immediately stop the injection. From 1 second before the injection begins to at least 30 seconds after the injection ends, continuously record the pressure value of the micro pressure monitoring device at a sampling frequency of no less than 10 Hz, recording it as the second pressure value, and generate a pressure-time response curve. After each step injection rate experiment is completed, save the pressure-time response curves corresponding to each injection rate for subsequent feature parameter extraction.

[0045] Please see Figure 4 As shown, it is a flowchart for calculating the pressure response characteristic parameters according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Specifically, in step S5, the process of calculating the pressure response characteristic parameters includes: Step S51: Based on the pressure-time response curves corresponding to each test water injection rate, determine the steady-state pressure, steady-state pressure increment, and peak pressure during the water injection process after the water injection is completed. Step S52: Based on the steady-state pressure corresponding to each test water injection rate, determine the time point corresponding to the steady-state pressure increment in the preset rising range, so as to determine the pressure rise time corresponding to each test water injection rate. Step S53: Calculate the ratio of the difference between the peak pressure and the steady-state pressure corresponding to each test water injection rate to the steady-state pressure increment, so as to determine the pressure overshoot corresponding to each test water injection rate. Step S54: Determine the pressure steady-state time based on the water injection start time and the time to reach steady-state pressure corresponding to each test water injection rate.

[0047] In this embodiment, for each independent step water injection experiment, i.e., the test water injection rate, a complete pressure-time response curve is obtained. This curve records the entire process from before water injection begins to when the pressure returns to stability after water injection ends. Three key points are determined from the curve: the initial pressure, i.e., the average value 0.5 seconds before water injection begins; the peak pressure, i.e., the maximum pressure value that occurs during water injection; and the steady-state pressure.

[0048] The method for determining steady-state pressure is as follows: Starting from the end of water injection, take a continuous 5-second time window, calculate the average pressure and standard deviation within the window. If the standard deviation is less than 0.05 mmHg, the average pressure is defined as the steady-state pressure; otherwise, slide the window forward and repeat to determine the steady-state pressure. The steady-state pressure increment equals the steady-state pressure minus the initial pressure. Calculate the pressure rise time: Find the moment on the curve when the pressure value first equals (initial pressure + 10% × steady-state pressure increment) as the starting point, and then find the moment when the pressure value first equals (initial pressure + 90% × steady-state pressure increment) as the ending point. The difference between the two is the pressure rise time. Calculate the pressure overshoot: Calculate the difference between the peak pressure and the steady-state pressure, divide the difference by the steady-state pressure increment, and finally multiply by 100% to obtain the overshoot expressed as a percentage. Calculate the pressure steady-state time: From the start of water injection until the pressure value first enters and remains within the range of (steady-state pressure ± 2% × steady-state pressure increment), the elapsed time is the pressure steady-state time.

[0049] Specifically, in step S6, the process of calculating the response sensitivity index corresponding to several test water injection rates includes: Step S61: Determine the pressure change rate based on the ratio of the steady-state pressure increment to the injection volume corresponding to each test injection rate; Step S62: Determine the response sensitivity index corresponding to each test water injection rate based on the ratio of pressure change rate to pressure rise time.

[0050] In this embodiment, for each test water injection rate, the steady-state pressure increment and water injection volume are obtained. The water injection volume is the volume corresponding to the upper limit of the water injection volume monitoring range. The pressure change rate is calculated: the steady-state pressure increment is divided by the water injection volume to obtain the pressure change per milliliter of water injected. This pressure change rate reflects the static sensitivity of the microdevice to a unit volume of water injected. The pressure rise time is obtained, and the pressure change rate is divided by the pressure rise time to obtain the response sensitivity index. This index combines the static sensitivity (pressure change rate) and the dynamic response speed (reciprocal of the rise time).

[0051] Specifically, in step S7, the process of determining the appropriate range of water injection rate includes: Step S71: Select test water injection rates where both pressure overshoot and pressure steady-state time are less than the corresponding preset thresholds to determine the first test water injection rate; Step S72: Select the first test water injection speed corresponding to the preset response sensitivity index range to determine the appropriate range of water injection speed.

[0052] In this embodiment, for each test water injection rate, the pressure overshoot, pressure steady-state time, and response sensitivity index are obtained. A preset threshold of 10% for pressure overshoot and 30 seconds for pressure steady-state time are initially set. Test water injection rates with pressure overshoot less than 10% and pressure steady-state time less than 30 seconds are selected and referred to as the first test water injection rates. If the overshoot or steady-state time of a test water injection rate does not meet the above conditions, it is excluded. From all first test water injection rates, the maximum value of the response sensitivity index is found. The response sensitivity index range is set to 50% to 100% of the maximum value of the response sensitivity index for the first test water injection rates. Further selection is made of the first test water injection rates whose response sensitivity index falls within this range; the set of these rates constitutes the suitable water injection rate range.

[0053] Specifically, in step S8, the process of determining the corrected water injection rate includes: Step S81: Obtain the test water injection speed corresponding to the maximum value of the response sensitivity index within the appropriate water injection speed range, so as to determine the corrected water injection speed.

[0054] In this embodiment, for each test injection rate within the appropriate injection rate range, the corresponding response sensitivity index value is queried. The test injection rate with the highest response sensitivity index among these test injection rates is identified, and this rate is determined as the calibration injection rate. A stepped injection method is adopted based on the calibration injection rate: within the injection volume monitoring range, each injection of 0.1 ml constitutes one step, and a 60-second hold period is maintained after each step, for a total of 5 steps. Before injection begins, ensure the balloon is fully retracted and the pressure stabilizes at the initial value. Simultaneously with starting the injection pump, the data acquisition system is activated, synchronously acquiring data from two channels at a sampling frequency of 20 Hz: Channel 1 is the pressure value from the miniature pressure monitoring device, referred to as the third pressure value; Channel 2 is the pressure value from a conventional high-precision hydraulic sensor, referred to as the fourth pressure value. The acquisition time covers the entire stepped injection process and an additional 60-second stabilization period after the last step. Data acquisition from both sensors must use the same clock source, and the timestamp error must not exceed one sampling interval.

[0055] In one specific embodiment, the conventional high-precision hydraulic sensor is selected from the hydraulic sensors with an accuracy greater than or equal to that of the micro pressure monitoring device. The sensor is rigidly fixed to the inner wall surface of the target simulated container, without occupying the internal space of the target simulated container, and is used to collect hydraulic sensing data simultaneously with the micro pressure monitoring device.

[0056] Specifically, in step S9, the process of determining the monitoring consistency parameters includes: Step S91: Calculate the average of the differences between the third and fourth pressure values ​​at each collection time point to determine the pressure deviation; Step S92: Perform cross-correlation analysis on the first signal sequence constructed based on several third pressure values ​​and the second signal sequence constructed based on several fourth pressure values, and determine the monitoring delay duration based on the time offset corresponding to the maximum value of the cross-correlation function.

[0057] In this embodiment, a stepped water injection experiment was conducted to correct the water injection rate. The third pressure value from the micro pressure monitoring device and the fourth pressure value from the conventional pressure monitoring device were simultaneously collected. The sampling frequency was no less than 20 Hz, and the collection duration covered the entire water injection process and a stabilization period of at least 60 seconds after water injection. All collected third and fourth pressure values ​​were stored in sync with timestamps, forming two time series of equal length: a first signal series and a second signal series. Each time point corresponds to one third pressure value and one fourth pressure value. Pressure deviation was calculated: For each collection time point, the difference between the third and fourth pressure values ​​was calculated. Then, the differences at all time points were summed and divided by the total number of points to obtain the average pressure deviation. This value reflects the systematic amplitude error of the micro device relative to the conventional sensor. Monitoring delay was calculated: Cross-correlation analysis was performed on the third and fourth pressure value sequences. Specifically, the fourth pressure value sequence was considered as a reference, and the third pressure value sequence was moved forward and backward on the time axis in steps of 0.05 seconds. Each time the sequence was moved, the sum of the dot products of the two sequences was calculated, which is the cross-correlation function value. Find the shift that maximizes the cross-correlation function value; the time offset corresponding to this shift is the monitoring delay duration. If the third pressure value sequence needs to be shifted backward (i.e., delayed) to align with the fourth pressure value sequence, the monitoring delay duration is positive, indicating that the microdevice's response lags behind that of a conventional sensor; if it needs to be shifted forward, the monitoring delay duration is negative, indicating that the microdevice's response is ahead.

[0058] Specifically, in step S10, the process of determining whether the micro-monitoring device needs to be calibrated based on the monitoring consistency parameter includes: Step S101: If any monitoring consistency parameter is greater than the corresponding preset threshold, it is determined that the pressure output value and the corresponding time of the micro monitoring device need to be corrected.

[0059] In this embodiment, pressure deviation and monitoring delay duration are acquired. Preferably, a preset threshold of 0.5 mmHg is set for the pressure deviation, and a preset threshold of 0.3 seconds is set for the monitoring delay duration. If the pressure deviation is greater than 0.5 mmHg, or the monitoring delay duration is greater than 0.3 seconds, the micro-monitoring device is determined to require calibration; that is, calibration is required if either parameter exceeds its corresponding threshold. Calibration is not required only when the pressure deviation is less than or equal to 0.5 mmHg and the monitoring delay duration is less than or equal to 0.3 seconds. If calibration is required, proceed to step S11; otherwise, the calibration process ends directly, the parameters of the micro-monitoring device are deemed qualified, and the micro-monitoring device can be directly used for subsequent experiments.

[0060] Specifically, in step S11, in response to the need to correct the pressure output value and corresponding time of the micro-monitoring device, a correction operation is performed. First, time delay correction is performed: if the monitoring delay duration is greater than a preset monitoring delay duration threshold, the pressure output values ​​are arranged in chronological order to generate a pressure signal sequence. The pressure signal sequence is then shifted forward on the time axis by the time corresponding to the monitoring delay duration, and the current monitoring delay duration is determined as the monitoring correction delay duration. If the monitoring delay duration is less than or equal to the preset monitoring delay duration threshold, no time delay correction is required, and the monitoring correction delay duration does not need to be output. Next, amplitude correction is performed: an amplitude correction coefficient is calculated. If the pressure deviation is greater than a pressure deviation threshold, the amplitude correction coefficient is equal to the ratio of the pressure deviation threshold to the pressure deviation. If the pressure deviation is less than or equal to the pressure deviation threshold, no pressure correction is required, and the amplitude correction coefficient does not need to be output. The time-corrected pressure value is multiplied by the amplitude correction coefficient to obtain the final corrected pressure value.

[0061] Specifically, in step S11, the process of verifying the correction effect based on the similarity of the pressure waveforms between the micro pressure monitoring device and the conventional pressure monitoring device includes: Step S111: If the pressure waveform similarity is greater than the preset pressure waveform similarity threshold, then the correction effect is determined to meet the requirements. The similarity of the pressure waveform is determined by the coefficient of determination between the third and fourth pressure values ​​obtained after correction.

[0062] In this embodiment, after the pressure output value and corresponding time of the micro-monitoring device are calibrated, a water injection experiment is conducted again at the calibrated injection rate to collect a new set of third and fourth pressure values. The coefficient of determination R² of these two sets of data after time alignment is calculated as the pressure waveform similarity. If R² is greater than or equal to 0.98, the calibration effect is deemed satisfactory; if R² is less than 0.98, the calibration effect is deemed unsatisfactory, and a conventional pressure monitoring device needs to be replaced to improve its monitoring accuracy. After improving the monitoring accuracy, recalibration is performed.

[0063] Specifically, after the calibration effect meets the requirements, the detection calibration parameters of the micro pressure monitoring device are output, including the monitoring calibration delay duration and the amplitude calibration coefficient. In subsequent tests, the same steps as in step S11 are used to calibrate the pressure output value and corresponding time of the micro pressure monitoring device by monitoring the time corresponding to the calibration delay duration and the amplitude calibration coefficient, so that the micro pressure monitoring device outputs the calibrated pressure value and the corresponding calibrated acquisition time point.

[0064] The adaptive calibration method based on detection calibration parameters provided in this embodiment can simultaneously identify systematic pressure deviations and signal monitoring delays between the miniature pressure monitoring device and conventional sensors in a simulated intraorbital or intracranial environment. For pressure deviations, an amplitude correction coefficient is used to scale the measured values, thereby eliminating amplitude errors caused by inconsistencies in sensitivity. For signal monitoring delays, a forward shift of the time axis is used to compensate for time errors caused by the miniature device's response lag. These two calibration operations are independent and can be performed simultaneously, eliminating systematic errors in the miniature device from the amplitude domain and time domain, respectively. The detection calibration parameters have been verified for their effectiveness using pressure waveform similarity, ensuring that the morphology of the calibrated pressure waveform is highly consistent with that of conventional sensors. The adaptive calibration method based on detection calibration parameters can improve the measurement accuracy and response realism of the miniature pressure monitoring device in practical applications of balloon modeling.

[0065] As an explanation, two practical application scenarios of the balloon-based microsensor monitoring method in balloon-based animal tumor models are provided below: (1) Example of application scenarios for orbital tumor models: Based on the microsensor calibration method of this embodiment, an orbital tumor model was constructed using New Zealand white rabbits as experimental animals: First, healthy New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.5kg to 3.0kg were selected. After anesthesia, an arc-shaped incision of about 1.0cm was made in the conjunctiva of the lower eyelid of the rabbit. The orbital soft tissue was bluntly dissected to the posterior orbital apex to expose the orbital wall periosteum. An implantation cavity matching the micro pressure monitoring device was separated between the periosteum and the orbital fat. The micro pressure monitoring device, whose detection correction parameters (including monitoring correction delay time and amplitude correction coefficient) have been obtained by the method provided in this embodiment, was slowly implanted into the cavity to ensure that the pressure sensing end was fully exposed and in contact with the orbital fluid. It was then fixed to the orbital wall periosteum with absorbable sutures. Subsequently, a medical-grade silicone balloon (maximum inflation capacity 1.5 mL), in its folded, uninflated state, was inserted through the same incision into the target location between the eyeball and the orbital apex, with the balloon's inflation tube led out of the incision. Sterile saline was slowly injected through the inflation tube to gradually inflate the balloon, simulating the mass effect of a tumor. During inflation, a miniature pressure monitoring device collected orbital pressure data in real time, and the signal was shifted along the time axis based on the monitoring correction delay and the pressure value was scaled according to the amplitude correction coefficient to obtain an accurate orbital pressure change curve. Based on the corrected pressure feedback, the injection rate and final filling dose were precisely controlled to simulate posterior orbital tumors of different sizes. After balloon inflation, orbital ultrasound and MRI were performed on the experimental rabbits. Imaging showed a clear boundary of a roundish cystic structure in the posterior part of the eyeball, slight anterior displacement of the eyeball, and a natural course of the optic nerve, confirming the successful model construction. Postoperatively, the incision was routinely closed and anti-infection treatment was administered. This model can be used for pathophysiological research and imaging technology verification of orbital masses.

[0066] (2) Examples of application scenarios for intracranial hypertension models: The microsensor calibration method of this embodiment is also applicable to balloon models simulating intracranial hypertension: Healthy New Zealand white rabbits of the same specifications are selected. After anesthesia, the scalp and periosteum are incised along the midline of the skull to expose the skull. The skull wall between the sagittal suture and the lambdoid suture is located. Approximately 5 mm of bone is removed with a drill, and the dura mater is carefully dissected, avoiding damage to the sagittal sinus, to create an extradural implantation space. A micro-pressure monitoring device with detection and correction parameters (including monitoring correction delay and amplitude correction coefficient) obtained through the method provided in this embodiment is fixed to the extradural space at the edge of the bone window, with the pressure sensing surface facing the dura mater. Subsequently, an uninflated folded balloon is inserted into the gap between the dura mater and the inner table of the skull, and the water injection tube is led out of the skin incision and fixed with sutures. Sterile saline solution was slowly injected into the balloon via an injection tube to simulate the space-occupying effect of chronic intracranial hypertension. Simultaneously, a calibrated miniature pressure monitoring device was used to collect intracranial pressure data in real time. The pressure output value and corresponding time points were corrected using monitoring correction delay and amplitude correction coefficients to obtain a real-time corrected intracranial pressure curve. The injection volume was adjusted based on the corrected pressure value to maintain intracranial pressure within the target range, and the occurrence and development of pathological changes such as optic nerve edema were continuously observed. Head MRI examinations were performed before and after balloon inflation. The results showed a significant increase in balloon size after inflation, mild compression and deformation of the ventricular system, and no signs of hemorrhage or infarction, indicating successful model establishment. This model can be used for mechanistic research on optic neuropathy caused by intracranial hypertension and for evaluating drug efficacy.

[0067] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A micro-sensing and monitoring method based on balloon modeling, characterized in that, include: The target balloon and the micro pressure monitoring device are placed inside the target simulation container. Water is injected into the target balloon at a preset constant injection rate. Several first pressure values ​​and several first cumulative injection volumes of the simulated environment are collected based on preset volume intervals. The slope of the pressure difference between adjacent pressures is determined based on each first pressure value in order to determine the linear stable segment of pressure change; The pressure monitoring range and the water injection volume monitoring range are determined based on the linear stable section and the preset key pressure threshold. Water is injected into the target balloon based on several test injection rates, and several second pressure values ​​of the simulated environment at the corresponding test injection rates are collected based on the water injection volume monitoring range and the pressure monitoring range to construct a pressure-time response curve. Based on the pressure-time response curve, pressure response characteristic parameters are calculated to determine the response sensitivity index corresponding to each test water injection rate. Based on the pressure response characteristic parameters and the response sensitivity index, a suitable range of water injection rate is determined to determine the corrected water injection rate. Water is injected into the target balloon at a corrected injection rate. Several third pressure values ​​of the simulated environment are collected by a micro pressure monitoring device, and several fourth pressure values ​​of the simulated environment are collected by a conventional pressure monitoring device. Based on each third pressure value and each fourth pressure value, the monitoring consistency parameters are determined; Based on the monitoring consistency parameters, it is determined whether the output data of the micro monitoring device needs to be corrected, and the correction effect is verified based on the pressure waveform similarity. The detection correction parameters of the micro pressure monitoring device are output to correct the output data of the micro monitoring device. The detection and correction parameters include the monitoring and correction delay duration and the amplitude correction coefficient.

2. The micro-sensing and monitoring method based on balloon modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the linear steady segment of pressure change includes: Calculate the ratio of the difference between each adjacent first pressure value to the preset volume interval to determine the slope of the adjacent pressure difference; Based on several first pressure values, several initial pressure segments are divided to calculate the average value and standard deviation of the slope of the adjacent pressure difference corresponding to each initial pressure segment. If a predetermined number of consecutive initial pressure segments satisfy the first predetermined condition, then the corresponding initial pressure segment is determined to be a linearly stable segment of pressure change. The first preset condition is that the average rate of change and the standard deviation of the slope of the adjacent pressure difference in the initial pressure segment are both less than a preset threshold.

3. The micro-sensing and monitoring method based on balloon modeling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of determining the pressure monitoring range and the water injection volume monitoring range includes: The pressure monitoring range is determined based on the first pressure value range corresponding to the linear stable segment and the preset key pressure threshold. The range of the first cumulative injection volume in the linear stable section is determined based on the pressure monitoring range, thereby determining the injection volume monitoring range.

4. The micro-sensing and monitoring method based on balloon modeling according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of calculating the characteristic parameters of the pressure response includes: Based on the pressure-time response curves corresponding to each test water injection rate, the steady-state pressure, steady-state pressure increment, and peak pressure during the water injection process are determined after the water injection is completed. Based on the steady-state pressure corresponding to each test water injection rate, determine the time point corresponding to the steady-state pressure increment in the preset rise range, so as to determine the pressure rise time corresponding to each test water injection rate. Calculate the ratio of the difference between the peak pressure and the steady-state pressure corresponding to each test water injection rate to the steady-state pressure increment, in order to determine the pressure overshoot corresponding to each test water injection rate; The steady-state pressure time is determined by the injection start time and the time to reach steady-state pressure corresponding to each test injection rate.

5. The micro-sensing and monitoring method based on balloon modeling according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of calculating the response sensitivity index corresponding to several test water injection rates includes: The pressure change rate is determined based on the ratio of the steady-state pressure increment to the injection volume corresponding to each test injection rate. The response sensitivity index corresponding to each test water injection rate is determined based on the ratio of pressure change rate to pressure rise time.

6. The micro-sensing and monitoring method based on balloon modeling according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of determining the appropriate range of water injection rate includes: The test water injection rate is determined by screening test water injection rates where both pressure overshoot and pressure steady-state time are less than the corresponding preset thresholds. Select the first test water injection speed corresponding to the preset response sensitivity index range to determine the appropriate range of water injection speed.

7. The micro-sensing and monitoring method based on balloon modeling according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process of determining the correct water injection rate includes: The test water injection rate corresponding to the maximum value of the response sensitivity index within the appropriate water injection rate range is obtained in order to determine the corrected water injection rate.

8. The micro-sensing and monitoring method based on balloon modeling according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process of determining monitoring consistency parameters includes: Calculate the average difference between the third and fourth pressure values ​​at each data collection time point to determine the pressure deviation; Cross-correlation analysis was performed on a first signal sequence constructed based on several third pressure values ​​and a second signal sequence constructed based on several fourth pressure values. The monitoring delay duration was determined based on the time offset corresponding to the maximum value of the cross-correlation function.

9. The micro-sensing and monitoring method based on balloon modeling according to claim 8, characterized in that, The process of determining whether the micro-monitoring device needs to be calibrated based on the monitoring consistency parameters includes: If any monitoring consistency parameter is greater than the corresponding preset threshold, it is determined that the pressure output value and the corresponding time of the micro monitoring device need to be corrected.

10. The micro-sensing and monitoring method based on balloon modeling according to claim 9, characterized in that, The process of verifying the correction effect based on the similarity of pressure waveforms between miniature pressure monitoring devices and conventional pressure monitoring devices includes: If the pressure waveform similarity is greater than the preset pressure waveform similarity threshold, then the correction effect is determined to meet the requirements. The similarity of the pressure waveform is determined by the coefficient of determination between the third and fourth pressure values ​​obtained after correction.

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