A pressurized impact device and method based on metal electro-explosion

Abstract

This invention provides a pressurization impact device and method based on metal electro-explosion, comprising: a housing; an electromagnetic pulse generating mechanism with a conductive strip at its power output end; a receiving mechanism including a receiving plate disposed on the housing, to which the component to be processed is connected; and an impact mechanism including a base, an output pipe, a projectile, a metal foil, and a pressing assembly. The base is disposed on the housing, and a foil placement groove is provided on one side in the horizontal direction, with the metal foil located in the foil placement groove. The pressing assembly includes a pressing block that can pass through the foil placement groove. The conductive strip can contact the metal foil to form a discharge circuit. The output pipe is connected to the foil placement groove, and the projectile is disposed in the output pipe and moves along the output pipe. The components of this application are integrated and arranged in a regular manner, ensuring reliable contact between the conductive strip and the metal foil to form a stable discharge circuit. This results in low power transmission loss, stable and balanced power output, and guarantees continuous, efficient, and reliable impact pressurization operations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dynamic pressure loading technology, and in particular to a pressure impact device and method based on metal electro-explosion. Background Technology

[0002] Dynamic pressure loading technology is an engineering testing technology that uses hydraulic, electromagnetic and other driving methods to apply transient forces and pressures to materials and structural components in a very short time. It can realistically reproduce the extreme dynamic load conditions such as collisions, explosions and impact vibrations encountered by components during actual service.

[0003] This technology differs from conventional static loading methods, focusing on exploring the mechanical response characteristics of materials and structures under high-speed loads. It is a core technology for product reliability verification and structural performance optimization, and has been widely applied in many key fields such as aerospace, vehicle engineering, military equipment, energy equipment, and building structures. Dynamic pressure loading achieved through high-speed projectile impact is currently the mainstream loading method. Driven by external forces, the projectile gains enormous kinetic energy and can output high-pressure loads in extremely short time intervals (microseconds to milliseconds), causing deformation or even failure of the components being processed. Under such conditions, the strain rate of materials can typically reach 10⁻⁶. 2 s -1 The above are the main methods for driving projectile motion at present, which include three categories: high-pressure gas drive, electromagnetic induction drive, and explosive detonation drive.

[0004] High-pressure gas-driven loading converts the internal energy of compressed gas into the kinetic energy of the projectile, offering advantages such as simple operational logic and high energy conversion efficiency. However, traditional high-pressure gas loading equipment is generally large in size, with complex internal structures, resulting in high equipment purchase and maintenance costs. It also requires auxiliary components such as vacuum units, gas supply equipment, safety protection structures, and dedicated pressure relief diaphragms, limiting both equipment deployment and on-site use. Electromagnetic induction pulse loading allows for flexible adjustment of the projectile's impact velocity and output pressure by regulating the electromagnetic pulse input energy, offering excellent load controllability. However, during prolonged and repeated operation, the electromagnetic coil continuously accumulates heat, weakening the actual loading efficiency. High temperatures also easily corrode the insulation protection structure, significantly reducing the overall lifespan of the device and making it unsuitable for high-frequency continuous testing scenarios. Explosive detonation loading can instantly generate ultra-high-pressure loads, offering significant advantages in impact loading force. However, the explosive power is constrained by multiple factors such as the type of explosive, the amount of explosive, and the detonation method, resulting in poor stability of output pressure and poor detection accuracy. At the same time, explosives are hazardous materials under control, and their storage, transportation, and on-site use are subject to strict regulations. The testing process is cumbersome and has poor practical applicability.

[0005] In summary, the three existing mainstream dynamic pressure loading technologies cannot simultaneously achieve equipment portability, loading repeatability accuracy, and operational safety. The performance indicators of these three aspects are difficult to meet in a coordinated manner, and they cannot meet the actual needs of the current engineering field for high-efficiency, low-cost, and recurring dynamic mechanical testing. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problem that the dynamic pressure loading technology in the prior art cannot simultaneously take into account the portability of the equipment, the accuracy of loading repeatability and the safety of operation, and to provide a pressure impact device and method based on metal electric explosion.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion, comprising: a housing; an electromagnetic pulse generating mechanism disposed inside the housing, the electromagnetic pulse generating mechanism having a conductive strip at its power output end; a receiving mechanism including a receiving plate disposed on the housing, the component to be processed being connected to one side of the receiving plate; and an impact mechanism including a base, an output tube, a projectile, a metal foil, and a pressing assembly. The base is disposed on the housing, and a foil placement groove is provided on one side in the horizontal direction, the metal foil being located in the foil placement groove. The pressing assembly includes a pressing block that can pass through the foil placement groove to fix the metal foil. The conductive strip can pass through the foil placement groove and contact the metal foil to form a discharge circuit. One end of the output tube is connected to the foil placement groove, and the other end is disposed toward the component to be processed on the receiving plate. The projectile is disposed in the output tube and moves along the output tube.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the impact mechanism further includes a pipe support seat disposed on the housing. The output pipe includes an energy guide portion and an output portion. The energy guide portion is connected to the foil placement slot, and the diameter of the energy guide portion gradually narrows inward in the direction away from the foil placement slot. The output portion is disposed on the pipe support seat, with one end connected to the narrowed end of the energy guide portion and the other end facing the component to be processed on the receiving plate. The projectile is disposed in the output portion.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the base includes a base plate and a vertical plate. The base plate is detachably connected to the housing. One end of the vertical plate is fixed to the base plate, and the other end extends in a vertical direction. An assembly block communicating with the output pipe is provided on one side of the vertical plate, and the foil placement groove is disposed in the assembly block.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the assembly block is further provided with a plurality of positioning grooves, the plurality of positioning grooves are arranged around the edge of the foil placement groove and are respectively connected to the foil placement groove, the pressing block includes a foil abutment part and a plurality of limiting parts, the foil abutment part is pressed and embedded in the foil placement groove, and the plurality of limiting parts are correspondingly pressed and limited in the plurality of positioning grooves.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the vertical plate is further provided with a conductive groove extending along its height direction, the conductive groove being connected to the foil placement groove, and the conductive strip being disposed in the conductive groove.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the clamping assembly includes a mounting base, a push rod, and a connecting block. The mounting base is detachably connected to the housing and has a push channel extending toward the base inside. One end of the push rod passes through the push channel, and the other end is located outside the mounting base and is connected to the clamping block through the connecting block.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mounting base is further provided with a limiting channel, the limiting channel is located at the extended end of the pushing channel, and the extending direction of the limiting channel and the extending direction of the pushing channel are perpendicular to each other in the horizontal plane. The limiting channel is provided with a limiting block, which can abut against the push rod.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the clamping assembly includes an operating lever, a wheel extension rod, and a pulley. The operating lever is disposed outside the mounting base, parallel to the push rod, and its extension length is the same as that of the push rod. The end of the operating lever is connected to the connecting block to move synchronously with the push rod. The wheel extension rod extends vertically, with one end connected to the connecting block and the other end connected to the pulley. The pulley is slidably supported on the surface of the housing.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the receiving mechanism further includes an adjusting track, a carriage, and a fixing frame. The adjusting track is disposed on the housing and extends toward the impact mechanism. The carriage is slidably connected to the adjusting track. The receiving plate is disposed on the carriage. The fixing frame is detachably connected to the housing and is located at one end of the adjusting track near the impact mechanism. It is detachably connected to the receiving plate by a fastener. The output pipe can pass through the fixing frame.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the electromagnetic pulse generating mechanism further includes a power supply, a capacitor bank, a rectifier tube, and a current-limiting resistor. The metal foil is connected in parallel with the capacitor bank, the rectifier tube is connected in series with the current-limiting resistor, a charging switch is provided between the capacitor bank and the power supply, and a discharging switch is provided between the metal foil and the capacitor bank.

[0017] This invention also provides a pressure impact method based on metal electric explosion, which uses the aforementioned pressure impact device based on metal electric explosion for component pressure impact processing. The method includes: Step S1, connecting the component to be processed to a receiving plate, and simultaneously placing a metal foil in a foil placement groove; Step S2, fixing the metal foil with a pressure block, making it contact the power output terminal of the electromagnetic pulse generator to form a closed discharge circuit; Step S3, applying a large pulse current to the metal foil through the electromagnetic pulse generator, causing the metal foil to vaporize and expand, driving a projectile to impact the component to be processed, thereby achieving high-pressure forming processing of the component; Step S4, after the discharge is completed, resetting each structure to its initial position and replacing it with a new metal foil.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the drive push rod presses the pressing block into the foil placement groove until the metal foil is stably attached to the conductive strip. Then, the position of the push rod is fixed by the limiting block to resist the reverse impact force of the electric explosion on the pressing block.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S3 specifically includes: Step S31, under the condition of closing the charging switch, the power supply charges the capacitor bank through the rectifier tube and the current limiting resistor; Step S32, after the capacitor bank reaches the preset voltage, the discharge switch is turned on to apply a large pulse current to the metal foil through the capacitor bank; Step S33, the metal foil vaporizes and expands under the action of the large pulse current and drives the projectile to move faster along the output tube so as to impact the component to be processed through the projectile.

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0021] The metal electro-explosion-based pressurization impact device and method described in this invention utilizes a conductive strip to conduct a pulsed high current, causing a metal foil to rapidly electro-explode and vaporize. The instantaneously generated expansion energy propels a projectile at high speed to impact the component being processed, completing the pressurization operation. It can output high-pressure loads in an extremely short time, accurately replicating extreme dynamic stress conditions such as collisions and explosions, and is well-suited for the dynamic mechanical property testing needs of various materials and structural components. Compared to high-pressure gas loading structures, the overall equipment layout is compact and small, eliminating the need for complex auxiliary equipment such as gas sources and vacuum units, making installation convenient and operating at a lower cost.

[0022] Compared to explosive detonation loading methods, this method involves no hazardous pyrotechnics throughout the entire process, offers convenient adjustment of loading parameters, simplifies the operation process, and significantly improves overall operational safety. Furthermore, it eliminates the traditional electromagnetic coil drive method, avoiding issues such as high-frequency operation causing heat buildup and failure, and insulation component damage and aging. The device can stably and repeatedly start and stop, effectively extending its service life and ensuring data consistency across multiple impact tests. The pressure-fixing assembly quickly positions and fixes the metal foil to the projectile, saving time and effort in consumable replacement. It facilitates continuous multi-set pressure tests, and by using projectiles of different materials, the impact force can be flexibly adjusted, broadening the device's applicable testing scenarios.

[0023] The various components of the equipment are integrated and arranged in a neat manner. The conductive strips and metal foils make reliable contact to form a stable discharge circuit, resulting in low power transmission loss and stable and balanced power output, ensuring continuous, efficient and reliable impact pressurization operations. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a three-dimensional structural schematic of a pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion from another perspective.

[0027] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point AA;

[0028] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point B in the middle;

[0029] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a three-dimensional structural schematic of part of the receiving mechanism in the pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion.

[0030] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a three-dimensional structure of some impact mechanisms and the housing in a pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion.

[0031] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a three-dimensional structural schematic of a portion of the impact mechanism in a pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion, viewed from another perspective.

[0032] Figure 8 yes Figure 1The diagram shows a three-dimensional structural schematic of the pressure-solidifying component in a pressurized impact device based on metal electric explosion.

[0033] Figure 9 yes Figure 1 The circuit diagram shown is of the electromagnetic pulse generating mechanism in the pressurized impact device based on metal electric explosion.

[0034] Figure 10 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the process of a pressure impact device based on metal electro-explosion impacting a component to be processed.

[0035] Figure 11 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the process of a pressure impact device based on metal electro-explosion impacting another component to be processed.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 100, Housing; 200, Electromagnetic pulse generator; 210, Power supply; 220, Capacitor bank; 230, Conductive strip; 240, Rectifier tube; 250, Current-limiting resistor; 260, Charging switch; 270, Discharging switch; 300, Impact mechanism; 310, Output tube; 311, Energy guide section; 312, Output section; 320, Base; 321, Base plate; 322, Vertical plate; 3221, Assembly block; 3222, Positioning slot; 3223, Foil placement slot; 330, Pipe support. 340. Base; 350. Projectile body; 351. Pressing assembly; 351. Mounting base; 3511. Pushing channel; 3512. Limiting channel; 352. Limiting block; 353. Push rod; 354. Connecting block; 355. Pressing block; 3551. Foil abutment part; 3552. Limiting part; 356. Operating lever; 357. Pulley; 358. Wheel extension rod; 400. Receiving mechanism; 410. Fixing frame; 420. Adjusting track; 430. Slide; 440. Receiving plate; 500. Metal foil; 600. Component to be processed. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0038] Example 1: See Figures 1 to 9As shown, this embodiment provides a pressure impact device based on metal electro-explosion, which includes: a housing 100; an electromagnetic pulse generating mechanism 200, which is disposed inside the housing 100 and has a conductive strip 230 at its power output end; a receiving mechanism 400, which includes a receiving plate 440 disposed on the housing 100, and a component 600 to be processed is connected to one side of the receiving plate 440; and an impact mechanism 300, which includes a base 320, an output pipe 310, a projectile 340, a metal foil 500, and a pressing assembly 350, wherein the base 320 is disposed on the housing 100 and its horizontal orientation is... A foil placement groove 3223 is provided on the upward side, and the metal foil 500 is located in the foil placement groove 3223. The pressing assembly 350 includes a pressing block 355, which can be inserted into the foil placement groove 3223 to fix the metal foil 500. The conductive strip 230 can be inserted into the foil placement groove 3223 and contact the metal foil 500 to form a discharge circuit. One end of the output tube 310 is connected to the foil placement groove 3223, and the other end is set toward the component 600 to be processed on the receiving plate 440. The elastic body 340 is disposed in the output tube 310 and moves along the output tube 310.

[0039] In this embodiment, the housing 100 serves as the overall load-bearing base, centrally housing and arranging various functional components, organizing the overall structure of the equipment, and simultaneously providing protection and positioning support for the internal components, ensuring the overall assembly stability of the device. The electromagnetic pulse generating mechanism 200 provides the pulse power source for the entire device, and can output high voltage and high current as needed. Power is conducted via the end conductive strip 230, thus providing the energy basis for the electro-explosive reaction of the metal foil 500. The conductive strip 230 carries the current, connecting to the foil placement slot 3223 and tightly fitting against the metal foil 500, forming a complete discharge circuit and ensuring that the pulse current stably acts on the metal foil 500.

[0040] Specifically, the electromagnetic pulse generating mechanism 200 further includes a power supply 210, a capacitor bank 220, a rectifier tube 240, and a current-limiting resistor 250. The metal foil 500 is connected in parallel with the capacitor bank 220, and the rectifier tube 240 is connected in series with the current-limiting resistor 250. A charging switch 260 is provided between the capacitor bank 220 and the power supply 210, and a discharging switch 270 is provided between the metal foil 500 and the capacitor bank 220. The power supply 210, as the basic power supply component of the entire circuit, can output high-voltage electrical energy to provide power for the energy storage operation of the capacitor bank 220. The capacitor bank 220 can store the electrical energy supplied by the power supply 210, accumulating it into instantaneous high-energy electrical energy to meet the large pulse current supply requirements for the electric explosion of the metal foil 500. The rectifier tube 240 can regulate the current flow, stably converting the current to adapt to the circuit operating conditions, preventing reverse current flow, and ensuring unidirectional energization of the circuit. The current-limiting resistor 250 controls the current, limiting the charging circuit current to prevent overload damage to circuit components and improve circuit stability. The charging switch 260 connects the power supply 210 and the capacitor bank 220; closing it initiates the energy storage process, while opening it terminates the capacitor charging operation. The discharge switch 270 controls the circuit between the capacitor bank 220 and the metal foil 500; opening it releases stored energy, causing a pulse current to act on the metal foil 500, triggering an electrical explosion reaction. The metal foil 500 and the capacitor bank 220 are connected in parallel, allowing it to fully absorb and release energy during discharge. Upon heating, the metal foil rapidly vaporizes and expands, converting into impact force to achieve pressurization.

[0041] In this embodiment, the receiving plate 440 in the receiving mechanism 400 is used to securely clamp the component 600 to be processed, define the working position of the component to be processed, and receive the impact load of the projectile 340 to ensure the accuracy of the pressurized impact operation point. Further, the receiving mechanism 400 also includes an adjusting track 420, a slide 430, and a fixing frame 410. The adjusting track 420 is disposed on the housing 100 and extends toward the impact mechanism 300. The slide 430 is slidably connected to the adjusting track 420. The receiving plate 440 is disposed on the slide 430. The fixing frame 410 is detachably connected to the housing 100, located at one end of the adjusting track 420 near the impact mechanism 300, and detachably connected to the receiving plate 440 via a fastener. The output pipe 310 can pass through the fixing frame 410. The adjusting track 420 provides a guiding reference for the movement of the carriage 430, defining the sliding path and thus adjusting the relative distance between the receiving plate 440 and the impact mechanism 300. The carriage 430 slides along the track, causing the receiving plate 440 to move synchronously, flexibly adapting to test conditions with different impact distances. The receiving plate 440 is used to clamp and fix the component 600 to be processed, bearing the impact force and ensuring accurate loading point positioning. The fixing frame 410 is installed at the end of the track, providing a limiting constraint on the receiving plate 440 and a through-positioning space for the output pipe 310, thus regulating the impact transmission path. The fixing component enables a detachable connection between the fixing frame 410 and the receiving plate 440, both securing the component position and allowing for disassembly and adjustment of the assembly as needed, ensuring a reliable overall structural assembly.

[0042] In this embodiment, the base 320 of the impact mechanism 300 serves as a carrier for the installation of the tank and pipelines. The foil placement slot 3223 defines the placement position of the metal foil 500 and regulates the area where the electro-explosive reaction occurs. After receiving the pulse current, the metal foil 500 rapidly vaporizes and expands, instantly releasing enormous expansion kinetic energy, thereby driving the projectile 340 to generate high-speed motion.

[0043] Furthermore, the impact mechanism 300 also includes a pipe support 330, which is disposed on the housing 100. The output pipe 310 includes an energy guide 311 and an output section 312. The energy guide 311 communicates with the foil placement groove 3223, and the diameter of the energy guide 311 gradually narrows inward in the direction away from the foil placement groove 3223. The output section 312 is disposed on the pipe support 330, with one end communicating with the narrowed end of the energy guide 311 and the other end facing the component 600 to be processed on the receiving plate 440. The projectile 340 is disposed in the output section 312. The pipe support 330 is used to support and position the output pipe 310 as a whole, stabilize the pipe installation posture, resist the vibration and displacement caused by the electric explosion impact, and ensure that the position of the output pipe 310 remains stable. The energy guide section 311 of the output pipe 310 connects to the foil placement slot 3223. Its gradually narrowing diameter structure gathers the expanding gas pressure and kinetic energy generated by the electric explosion, compresses the energy propagation space, increases thrust concentration, and efficiently concentrates and transfers the electric explosion energy to the rear pipeline area. The output section 312, mounted on a support base, provides a linear motion channel for the projectile 340, constraining its trajectory and causing it to rush at high speed towards the component 600 to be processed in a predetermined direction, precisely completing the impact pressurization operation. The projectile 340, located inside the output section 312, receives the concentrated impact kinetic energy and acts as a load transfer carrier to impact the component 600, achieving a dynamic pressure loading effect.

[0044] Furthermore, the base 320 includes a base plate 321 and a vertical plate 322. The base plate 321 is detachably connected to the housing 100. One end of the vertical plate 322 is fixed to the base plate 321, and the other end extends vertically. An assembly block 3221 communicating with the output pipe 310 is provided on one side of the vertical plate 322. The foil placement slot 3223 is disposed in the assembly block 3221. The base plate 321 secures the entire base 320, allowing for disassembly and position adjustment as needed, ensuring the base 320 is stably placed. The vertically extending vertical plate 322 provides support and positioning, offering a stable mounting base for the assembly block 3221. The assembly block 3221 integrates the foil placement slot 3223, creating a space for the metal foil 500, and simultaneously connects to the output pipe 310, smoothly transmitting the power generated by the electric explosion and connecting the discharge reaction area with the projectile 340's movement channel.

[0045] Specifically, the assembly block 3221 is further provided with a plurality of positioning grooves 3222. The plurality of positioning grooves 3222 are arranged around the edge of the foil placement groove 3223 and are respectively connected to the foil placement groove 3223. The pressing block 355 includes a foil abutment part 3551 and a plurality of limiting parts 3552. The foil abutment part 3551 is pressed and embedded in the foil placement groove 3223, and the plurality of limiting parts 3552 are correspondingly pressed and limited in the plurality of positioning grooves 3222. The positioning grooves 3222 arranged around the foil placement groove 3223 on the assembly block 3221 can cooperate with the pressing block 355 to form a multi-point limiting structure, further limiting the installation position of the pressing block 355 and preventing displacement and loosening during the pressing process. The foil abutment part 3551 is embedded inside the foil placement groove 3223, tightly pressing the metal foil 500, which not only ensures the stability of conductive contact, but also seals the cavity space, leaving space for the expansion effect of the electric explosion. The limiting parts 3552 are respectively engaged in the corresponding positioning grooves 3222, completing the locking constraint from the periphery, improving the overall firmness of the pressing structure, resisting the instantaneous reverse impact force of the electric explosion, and ensuring that the position of each component does not shift during operation.

[0046] Furthermore, the vertical plate 322 is also provided with a conductive groove extending along its height direction. The conductive groove is connected to the foil placement groove 3223, and the conductive strip 230 is disposed in the conductive groove. The conductive groove provides a regular installation and accommodating space for the conductive strip 230, and at the same time forms a fixed wiring channel. The conductive groove is connected to the foil placement groove 3223, which can guide the conductive strip 230 to smoothly extend into the groove, ensuring reliable contact between the conductive strip 230 and the metal foil 500, successfully establishing a complete discharge circuit, and ensuring stable pulse current delivery to the metal foil 500.

[0047] In this embodiment, the clamping block 355 of the clamping assembly 350 extends into the groove to clamp and limit the metal foil 500, preventing the foil 500 from shifting under force and maintaining the discharge contact state and the sealed environment of the cavity. The output pipe 310 forms a motion guide channel for the projectile 340, constraining the trajectory of the projectile 340, and directionally transmitting the expansion force to ensure that the impact energy is accurately applied to the component 600 to be processed. The projectile 340, as the impact load transmission medium, absorbs the kinetic energy generated by the electric explosion and travels at high speed, impacting the component 600 to be processed, ultimately completing the dynamic pressurization impact operation.

[0048] Specifically, the clamping assembly 350 includes a mounting base 351, a push rod 353, and a connecting block 354. The mounting base 351 is detachably connected to the housing 100 and has an internal pushing channel 3511 extending towards the base 320. One end of the push rod 353 passes through the pushing channel 3511, and the other end is located outside the mounting base 351 and connected to the clamping block 355 via the connecting block 354. The mounting base 351 provides a sliding guide for the push rod 353 through the internal pushing channel 3511, establishing the stroke and orientation of the push rod 353 and ensuring smooth and stable pushing action. Under external force, the push rod 353 reciprocates along the channel, transmitting thrust to drive the clamping block 355 to complete the clamping and resetting actions. The connecting block 354 serves to connect and transmit the transmission, securely binding the push rod 353 and the clamping block 355, and synchronously transmitting the mechanical action of the push rod 353 to the clamping block 355, thereby realizing the locking and unlocking operation of the metal foil 500.

[0049] Furthermore, the mounting base 351 is also provided with a limiting channel 3512, which is located at the extended end of the pushing channel 3511. The extending direction of the limiting channel 3512 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the pushing channel 3511 in the horizontal plane. A limiting block 352 is provided inside the limiting channel 3512, which can abut against the push rod 353. The limiting channel 3512 provides installation and movement space for the limiting block 352, forming a lateral limiting structure. The limiting block 352 abuts against the push rod 353, thereby limiting the push rod 353 to its maximum advancing position, preventing the pressing block 355 from excessively compressing the component, and simultaneously offsetting the reverse impact force generated by the electric explosion, preventing the push rod 353 from being pushed back and displaced, ensuring that the pressing state remains stable and reliable.

[0050] Furthermore, the clamping assembly 350 includes an operating lever 356, a wheel extension rod 358, and a pulley 357. The operating lever 356 is disposed outside the mounting base 351, parallel to the push rod 353, and its extension length is the same as that of the push rod 353. The end of the operating lever 356 is connected to the connecting block 354 to move synchronously with the push rod 353. The wheel extension rod 358 extends vertically, with one end connected to the connecting block 354 and the other end connected to the pulley 357. The pulley 357 is slidably supported on the surface of the housing 100. The operating lever 356 can be held by the operator to apply force, causing the overall structure to move smoothly and synchronously with the push rod 353, facilitating intuitive control of the pushing stroke. The pulley 357 is suspended below the connecting block 354 by means of the wheel extension rod 358, and slides against the surface of the box 100 to reduce the frictional resistance when pushing and pulling, so that the pressing component 350 moves smoothly and effortlessly, while also sharing the weight of the component, reducing structural sway, and ensuring positioning accuracy.

[0051] Example 2: This example provides a pressure impact method based on metal electric explosion, which uses the pressure impact device based on metal electric explosion described in Example 1 to perform pressure impact processing on components, and includes:

[0052] Step S1: Connect the component to be processed 600 to the receiving plate 440, and place the metal foil 500 in the foil placement groove 3223; fix the component to be processed 600 on the receiving plate 440, lock the impact operation position, and ensure that the impact point is accurate and controllable. At the same time, place the metal foil 500 in the foil placement groove 3223 to complete the loading of consumable materials and prepare for the subsequent electric explosion impact operation.

[0053] Step S2: Fix the metal foil 500 with the clamping block 355 so that it contacts the power output terminal of the electromagnetic pulse generator 200 to form a closed discharge circuit; by pushing the clamping block 355 to limit and clamp the metal foil 500, the foil 500 can be prevented from shifting under force, ensuring that the metal foil 500 is in close contact with the conductive strip 230, building a stable closed discharge circuit, and ensuring that the pulse current can be transmitted normally.

[0054] Specifically, in step S2 of this embodiment, the drive push rod 353 presses and embeds the clamping block 355 into the foil placement groove 3223 until the metal foil 500 is stably attached to the conductive strip 230. Then, the position of the push rod 353 is fixed by the limiting block 352 to resist the reverse impact force of the electric explosion on the clamping block 355. The drive push rod 353 drives the clamping block 355 into the foil placement groove 3223, pressing and positioning the metal foil 500 to ensure a tight fit between the foil 500 and the conductive strip 230, thus constructing a stable discharge circuit. The limiting block 352 locks the position of the push rod 353, limiting its displacement and effectively resisting the reverse impact force generated by the electric explosion, preventing the clamping block 355 from loosening and shifting, maintaining the sealed state of the cavity and the stability of the component assembly, and ensuring the orderly conduct of subsequent electric explosion impact operations.

[0055] Step S3: A large pulse current is applied to the metal foil 500 by the electromagnetic pulse generating mechanism 200, so that the metal foil 500 vaporizes and expands, driving the projectile 340 to impact the component 600 to be processed, thereby achieving a high-pressure impact on the component 600; the electromagnetic pulse generating mechanism 200 outputs a large pulse current, the metal foil 500 absorbs heat instantly and vaporizes and expands rapidly, and the sudden air pressure thrust drives the projectile 340 to move at high speed along the output pipe 310, impacting the component 600 to be processed, completing the dynamic high-pressure impact loading operation.

[0056] In this embodiment, step S3 specifically includes:

[0057] Step S31: With the charging switch 260 closed, the power supply 210 charges the capacitor bank 220 through the rectifier 240 and the current limiting resistor 250. When the charging switch 260 is closed, the power supply 210 outputs electrical energy, which is rectified by the rectifier 240 to regulate the current direction and then controlled by the current limiting resistor 250 to stably store electrical energy in the capacitor bank 220, thus accumulating sufficient energy for subsequent instantaneous discharge.

[0058] Step S32: After the capacitor bank 220 reaches the preset voltage, the discharge switch 270 is turned on to apply a large pulse current to the metal foil 500 through the capacitor bank 220; after the voltage of the capacitor bank 220 reaches the standard, the discharge switch 270 is turned on, the stored energy is quickly released to form a large pulse current, which is reliably delivered to the metal foil 500 to trigger an electric explosion reaction.

[0059] In step S33, the metal foil 500 vaporizes and expands under the action of a large pulse current, driving the projectile 340 to accelerate along the output tube 310, so as to impact the component 600 to be processed through the projectile 340. The metal foil 500 rapidly vaporizes and expands under the action of the pulse current, generating a strong thrust to push the projectile 340 to accelerate directionally along the output tube 310, and finally impact the component 600 to be processed, completing the high-pressure impact loading operation.

[0060] Step S4: After the discharge is completed, reset each structure to its initial position and replace it with a new metal foil 500 to eliminate the impact of single operation loss, so that the device is ready to carry out impact testing again and can continuously perform pressure processing multiple times.

[0061] Based on the above methods, Figure 10 This diagram illustrates the testing of the outer protective plate of a spacecraft using this invention. The outer protective plate is a core protective component of the spacecraft, and its material's impact resistance and damage resistance directly determine the spacecraft's on-orbit operational safety. Therefore, high-precision dynamic impact damage testing is necessary to verify the comprehensive protective performance of the new protective plate. Traditional testing often uses air cannons to perform projectile loading impact tests. This method is not only cumbersome for a single test, time-consuming for multiple velocity parameter calibration tests, and inefficient, but also limited by the equipment structure and driving principle, resulting in a narrow range of projectile impact velocity adjustment. This makes it difficult to cover the damage testing needs of various operating conditions and intensities, leading to poor test adaptability.

[0062] This invention employs a metal electro-explosion dynamic pressure impact structure and corresponding operating method, effectively solving the shortcomings of traditional air gun testing technology. This device, driven by push rod 353 to pressurize component 350, can quickly complete the disassembly of waste metal foil 500 and the loading of new foil 500. Material replacement is convenient and efficient, and multiple sets of continuous impact damage tests can be completed in a short time, significantly improving the testing efficiency of new protective plates. Simultaneously, by flexibly adjusting the specifications and dimensions of the metal foil 500 and coordinating with the input current parameters of the electromagnetic pulse generator 200, the device can precisely change the energy amplitude of the electro-explosion vaporization of the metal foil 500. This allows for stepless adjustment of the impact velocity of the projectile 340 within a wider range, fully adapting to the dynamic damage testing needs of spacecraft outer protective plates under different impact intensities and operating conditions, significantly improving testing flexibility and versatility.

[0063] like Figure 11 As shown, this invention can be applied to the molding, connection, and performance testing of automotive body exterior panels. These automotive body exterior panels employ a three-layer composite structure of aluminum sheet, high-strength steel sheet, and aluminum sheet, serving as a crucial component for vehicle exterior protection and structural load-bearing. Currently, traditional processes often use high-speed rotating steel nails to assemble and connect the three-layer composite panels. This involves drilling conical holes layer by layer using high-speed rotating steel nails, and relying on staggered steel nails to lock and fix the three layers together. However, this processing method generates a large amount of heat during high-speed drilling, and the high temperature can easily cause performance degradation and strength reduction in the middle high-strength steel sheet, severely affecting the structural strength and service reliability of the vehicle body exterior panels.

[0064] The dynamic loading device and corresponding impact processing method of this invention can effectively solve the above-mentioned technical defects. This device relies on the high-energy kinetic energy released instantaneously by the electro-explosion of the metal foil 500 to drive the projectile 340 to impact the steel nail at high speed. The instantaneous impact load causes the steel nail to penetrate the three-layer composite plate in one go, quickly completing the fastening connection of the multi-layer plates. The entire impact connection process is completed instantaneously, with extremely short operation time and almost no heat generation, completely avoiding the temperature rise problem caused by traditional hot processing. It does not cause a decrease in the mechanical properties of the high-strength steel plate, effectively preserving and ensuring the original structural strength and overall performance of the three-layer composite outer covering, significantly improving the assembly quality and structural stability of automotive body components.

[0065] In summary, the metal electro-explosion-based pressurization impact device and method of this invention utilizes a conductive strip 230 to conduct a pulsed high current, causing the metal foil 500 to rapidly electro-explode and vaporize. The instantaneously generated expansion energy propels the projectile 340 at high speed to impact the component 600 to be processed, completing the pressurization operation. It can output high-pressure loads in an extremely short time, accurately replicating extreme dynamic stress conditions such as collisions and explosions, and is well-suited for the dynamic mechanical property testing needs of various materials and structural components. Compared to high-pressure gas loading structures, the overall equipment layout is compact and small, eliminating the need for complex auxiliary equipment such as gas sources and vacuum units, making installation convenient and operating at a lower cost.

[0066] Compared to explosive detonation loading methods, this method involves no hazardous pyrotechnics throughout the entire process, offers convenient loading parameter control, simplifies the operation process, and significantly improves overall operational safety. Furthermore, it eliminates the traditional electromagnetic coil drive method, avoiding issues such as high-frequency operation heat buildup failure and insulation component damage and aging. The device can stably and repeatedly start and stop, effectively extending its service life and ensuring data consistency across multiple impact tests. The pressure-fixing component 350 can quickly position and fix the metal foil 500 and the projectile 340, saving time and effort in consumable replacement. It facilitates continuous multi-set pressure tests, and by using projectiles 340 of different materials, the impact force can be flexibly adjusted, broadening the device's applicable testing scenarios.

[0067] The components of the equipment are integrated and arranged in a neat manner. The conductive strip 230 and the metal foil 500 make reliable contact to form a stable discharge circuit. The power transmission loss is small and the power output is stable and balanced, ensuring that the impact pressurization operation can be carried out continuously, efficiently and reliably.

[0068] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion, characterized in that: include: Box; An electromagnetic pulse generating mechanism is provided inside the housing, and its power output terminal is provided with a conductive strip; A receiving mechanism, comprising a receiving plate disposed on the housing, wherein the component to be processed is connected to one side of the receiving plate; An impact mechanism includes a base, an output tube, a projectile, a metal foil, and a pressing assembly. The base is disposed on the housing, and a foil placement groove is provided on one side in the horizontal direction. The metal foil is located in the foil placement groove. The pressing assembly includes a pressing block that can pass through the foil placement groove to fix the metal foil. A conductive strip can pass through the foil placement groove and contact the metal foil to form a discharge circuit. One end of the output tube is connected to the foil placement groove, and the other end is disposed toward the component to be processed on the receiving plate. The projectile is disposed in the output tube and moves along the output tube.

2. The pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact mechanism further includes a pipe support seat, which is disposed on the housing. The output pipe includes an energy guide section and an output section. The energy guide section is connected to the foil placement slot, and the diameter of the energy guide section gradually narrows inward in the direction away from the foil placement slot. The output section is disposed on the pipe support seat, with one end connected to the narrowed end of the energy guide section and the other end facing the component to be processed on the receiving plate. The projectile is disposed in the output section.

3. The pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base includes a bottom plate and a vertical plate. The bottom plate is detachably connected to the housing. One end of the vertical plate is fixed to the bottom plate, and the other end extends vertically. An assembly block communicating with the output pipe is provided on one side of the vertical plate, and the foil placement groove is disposed in the assembly block.

4. The pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion according to claim 3, characterized in that: The assembly block is also provided with a plurality of positioning grooves, which are arranged around the edge of the foil placement groove and are respectively connected to the foil placement groove. The pressing block includes a foil abutment and a plurality of limiting parts. The foil abutment is pressed and embedded in the foil placement groove, and the plurality of limiting parts are correspondingly pressed and limited in the plurality of positioning grooves.

5. The pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vertical plate is also provided with a conductive groove extending along its height direction. The conductive groove is connected to the foil placement groove, and the conductive strip is disposed in the conductive groove.

6. The pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping assembly includes a mounting base, a push rod, and a connecting block. The mounting base is detachably connected to the housing and has a push channel extending toward the base inside. One end of the push rod passes through the push channel, and the other end is located outside the mounting base and is connected to the clamping block through the connecting block.

7. The pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mounting base is also provided with a limiting channel, which is located at the extended end of the pushing channel. The extension direction of the limiting channel and the extension direction of the pushing channel are perpendicular to each other in the horizontal plane. The limiting channel is provided with a limiting block, which can abut against the push rod.

8. The pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion according to claim 6, characterized in that: The clamping assembly includes an operating lever, a wheel extension rod, and a pulley. The operating lever is located outside the mounting base, parallel to the push rod, and its extension length is the same as that of the push rod. The end of the operating lever is connected to the connecting block to move synchronously with the push rod. The wheel extension rod extends vertically, with one end connected to the connecting block and the other end connected to the pulley. The pulley is slidably supported on the surface of the housing.

9. The pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving mechanism further includes an adjusting track, a carriage, and a fixing frame. The adjusting track is disposed on the housing and extends toward the impact mechanism. The carriage is slidably connected to the adjusting track. The receiving plate is disposed on the carriage. The fixing frame is detachably connected to the housing and is located at one end of the adjusting track near the impact mechanism. It is detachably connected to the receiving plate by a fastener. The output pipe can pass through the fixing frame.

10. The pressurized impact device based on metal electro-explosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic pulse generating mechanism also includes a power supply, a capacitor bank, a rectifier tube, and a current-limiting resistor. The metal foil is connected in parallel with the capacitor bank, and the rectifier tube is connected in series with the current-limiting resistor. A charging switch is provided between the capacitor bank and the power supply, and a discharging switch is provided between the metal foil and the capacitor bank.

11. A pressurized impact method based on metal electro-explosion, characterized in that, The component pressure impact processing is performed using the pressure impact device based on metal electro-explosion as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising: Step S1: Connect the component to be processed to the receiving plate, and place a metal foil in the foil placement slot at the same time; Step S2: Fix the metal foil with a pressure block so that it contacts the power output terminal of the electromagnetic pulse generator to form a closed discharge circuit. Step S3: Apply a large pulse current to the metal foil through the electromagnetic pulse generating mechanism so that the metal foil vaporizes and expands, driving the projectile to impact the component to be processed, thereby realizing high-pressure forming processing of the component to be processed. Step S4: After the discharge is complete, reset each structure to its initial position and replace it with a new metal foil.

12. The pressurized impact method based on metal electro-explosion according to claim 11, characterized in that: In step S2, the drive push rod presses the compacting block into the foil placement groove until the metal foil is stably attached to the conductive strip. Then, the position of the push rod is fixed by the limiting block to resist the reverse impact force of the electric explosion on the compacting block.

13. The pressurized impact method based on metal electro-explosion according to claim 11, characterized in that: Step S3 specifically includes: Step S31: With the charging switch closed, the power supply charges the capacitor bank through the rectifier and the current-limiting resistor. Step S32: After the capacitor bank reaches the preset voltage, turn on the discharge switch to apply a large pulse current to the metal foil through the capacitor bank; Step S33: The metal foil vaporizes and expands under the action of a large pulse current, driving the projectile to move faster along the output tube so as to impact the component to be processed.

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