A method and system for monitoring dust in downhole construction environments for safety protection

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of dust concentration technology, specifically to a dust monitoring method and system for underground construction environments aimed at safety protection. In this invention, based on the dust mass concentration corresponding to the underground construction face, return airway, intake airway, personnel residence point, and evacuation passage, the comparison results of the zone limits at the tunneling face, transfer point, and return air inlet are transformed into a dust area state node set. Based on this dust area state node set, state candidate values, transition weights, concentration interval matching values, and previous period cumulative values ​​are superimposed. The Viterbi algorithm is used to trace back the previous state to form a dust safety state path, providing continuous periodic state basis for dust safety judgment. The Raft algorithm is used to confirm alarm, ventilation, spray, shutdown, and evacuation commands, linking protective actions with the severity of the dust state, the duration of the anomaly, and the execution confirmation status. This ensures that the generation of the evacuation path is simultaneously constrained by the dust hazard area, the risk propagation area, and the cost of the passage path.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dust concentration technology, and in particular to a method and system for monitoring dust in underground construction environments for safety protection. Background Technology

[0002] The field of dust concentration technology aims to measure the content of coal dust, rock dust, cement dust, metal mine dust, and construction disturbance particles in the air, obtain the dust mass concentration, respirable dust concentration, inhalable particulate matter concentration, and concentration change rate per unit volume of air, and compare the measurement results with preset safety thresholds, warning thresholds, and danger thresholds, thereby realizing dust exposure risk identification, ventilation dust control, work restriction determination, personnel evacuation triggering, and dust explosion risk prevention and control.

[0003] The purpose of this safety-oriented dust monitoring method for underground construction environments is to obtain dust concentration measurements in underground construction areas using light scattering dust measurement, beta-ray absorption dust measurement, and filter membrane weighing dust measurement. The measured dust concentration values ​​are then compared with preset safety thresholds, warning thresholds, and danger thresholds to generate normal, warning, over-limit, or danger states. Based on the generated state, audible and visual alarms, enhanced ventilation, dust suppression spraying, work restrictions, equipment shutdown, or personnel evacuation controls are implemented, achieving coordinated control of dust exposure risks, dust over-limit handling, and safety protection in underground construction environments.

[0004] Existing technologies primarily rely on light scattering dust measurement, beta-ray absorption dust measurement, and filter membrane weighing to obtain dust concentration measurements. These measurements are then compared to safety thresholds, warning thresholds, and danger thresholds. The operational focus is on determining concentration point values ​​and triggering threshold actions. Furthermore, short-term dust peaks can occur during tunneling face drilling, material handling at transfer points, and airflow disturbances at return air inlets. Single-point threshold comparisons easily misjudge these instantaneous disturbances as exceeding limits or posing a danger, frequently triggering audible and visual alarms, dust suppression sprays, and operational restrictions. If the dust concentration gradually increases over multiple cycles but a single measurement has not yet exceeded the danger threshold, existing technologies... The operating mode is difficult to express the continuous accumulation of risks. Ventilation enhancement and personnel evacuation may be delayed. Moreover, the existing control link usually separates the state generation and action execution. If there are discrepancies in records, confirmation delays, or ordinary messages occupy the sending order between the scheduling platform, area controller, and execution terminal, instructions such as equipment shutdown and evacuation broadcasts in dangerous situations may not be confirmed in sequence. Furthermore, evacuation is triggered solely based on the dangerous point, without including the sealed-off path segment, the path segment of the risk of transmission, and the cumulative value from the point of stay to the exit in the same constraint. Personnel may move along the return air side or the direction of risk diffusion, increasing the dust exposure time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and to propose a dust monitoring method and system for downhole construction environments oriented towards safety protection.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for monitoring dust in downhole construction environments for safety protection, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Based on the dust mass concentration corresponding to the underground construction face, return airway, intake airway, personnel residence point, and evacuation passage, compare the mass concentration of the tunneling face, transfer point, and return air inlet with the zone limit, accumulate the number of limit violations and the consecutive limit violation period, and obtain the dust area state node set;

[0008] S2: Based on the dust area state node set, read the state candidate value, transition weight, concentration interval matching value, superimpose the previous period cumulative value, use the Viterbi algorithm to select the peak state, trace back the previous state in reverse to obtain the dust safety state path;

[0009] S3: Based on the dust safety state path and the dust area state node set, count the continuous state segments, duration period, and number of limit violations, compare the duration limit, rise rate limit, and repetition limit to obtain the dust abnormal evolution fragment set;

[0010] S4: Based on the dust safety state path and the dust abnormal evolution fragment set, calculate the sum of state values ​​and fragment values, sort the messages by the sum, use the Raft algorithm to select alarm, ventilation, spray, shutdown and evacuation commands, and obtain a dust protection command confirmation list.

[0011] S5: Based on the dust protection instruction confirmation list, dust safety status path and dust abnormal evolution fragment set, delete the blockade path segment, superimpose the risk path weight, compare the cumulative value from the stop point to the exit, and establish a dust evacuation path control table.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, the dust area state node set includes tunneling face state nodes, transfer point state nodes, return air inlet state nodes, and personnel dwelling point state nodes. The dust safety state path is specifically a state chain arranged according to a judgment cycle, consisting of normal state, warning state, over-limit state, and dangerous state. The dust abnormal evolution fragment set includes short-term fluctuation fragments, continuous rise fragments, and repeated over-limit fragments. The dust protection instruction confirmation list includes audible and visual alarm instruction items, local ventilation fan air increase instruction items, spray valve opening instruction items, equipment shutdown instruction items, and evacuation broadcast instruction items. The dust evacuation path control table includes tunneling face evacuation path, return airway evacuation path, intake airway evacuation path, and personnel dwelling point evacuation path.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention, the specific steps for generating the dust region state node set are as follows:

[0014] Based on the dust mass concentration corresponding to the underground construction face, return airway, intake airway, personnel residence point, and evacuation passage, the concentration items are located by area number and judgment period. The concentration values ​​of the tunneling face, transfer point, and return air inlet are compared with the zone limit values ​​one by one. The location of the limit violation and the number of limit violation items are written to generate a dust limit violation location matrix.

[0015] Based on the dust exceedance location matrix, the number of consecutive occurrences of the same exceedance location is counted along adjacent judgment periods. The exceedance item number, consecutive exceedance period, and region number are bound and written into the node attributes according to the state level to obtain the dust region state node set.

[0016] As a further aspect of the present invention, the specific steps for generating the dust safety state path are as follows:

[0017] Based on the dust region state node set, read the region number, judgment period, state candidate value, mass concentration range, respirable concentration range, and particulate matter concentration range, mark the node concentration falling into the range as a matching item, and mark the position that does not fall into the range as a deviation item, and generate a dust state matching table.

[0018] Based on the dust state matching table, the cumulative value of the previous period, the number of matching items in the current period, the number of deviation items, and the weight of adjacent state transitions are read. The number of matching items is added to the weight, the number of deviation items is deducted from the sum, and the values ​​are arranged according to the candidate states to obtain the dust state ranking table.

[0019] Based on the dust state sequence table, the Viterbi algorithm is used to read the peak state of the last cycle, the previous state mark, and the region number. The state names are connected in reverse order according to the judgment cycle. When encountering states with the same value, the state with the longer continuous cycle is selected to obtain the dust safety state path.

[0020] As a further aspect of the present invention, the Viterbi algorithm establishes four columns of state cells according to the judgment cycle: normal state, warning state, over-limit state, and dangerous state. It reads the candidate state values ​​of the first cycle and writes them into the cumulative score of the first cycle. Starting from the second cycle, it reads the cumulative scores of multiple preceding states, adjacent state transition weights, and current cycle concentration interval matching scores for each candidate state in the previous cycle. It adds these three values ​​to form the path cumulative score. It retains the first preceding state and the path cumulative score in the candidate state according to the numerical order and writes them into the preceding state mark. It repeats this cycle by cycle until the last cycle. It reads the peak state of the last cycle as the backtracking starting point and concatenates the state names in reverse order of the judgment cycle along the preceding state mark. When encountering a state with the same value, it selects the state with a longer continuous cycle. When encountering a dangerous state that has not reached the concentration change rate limit or the continuous over-limit duration limit, it corrects it to an over-limit state and outputs the dust safety state path.

[0021] As a further aspect of the present invention, the specific steps for generating the dust abnormal evolution fragment set are as follows:

[0022] Based on the dust safety state path and dust area state node set, extract the continuous and consistent state name segments in the tunneling face, return airway and intake airway, write the start period, end period and state name, and generate a dust continuous state segment table.

[0023] Based on the dust continuous state fragment table, the duration, number of times the limit is exceeded, and the rate of increase are calculated. The values ​​are compared with the corresponding limits, and the fragment types are written according to short-term fluctuation, continuous increase, and repeated exceedance to obtain the dust abnormal evolution fragment set.

[0024] As a further aspect of the present invention, the specific steps for generating the dust protection instruction confirmation list are as follows:

[0025] Based on the dust safety status path and dust abnormal evolution fragment set, the end-cycle status name, fragment name, area number, duration period, and number of times the limit is exceeded are read. The dangerous status, the over-limit status, the warning status, and the normal status are assigned status values ​​respectively. The repeated over-limit, continuous increase, and short-term fluctuation are assigned fragment values ​​respectively, and a dust protection message value table is generated.

[0026] Based on the dust protection message value table, the status value, segment value, duration period value, and number of times the limit is exceeded are added together, and the regional messages are arranged in descending order of the sum. When the sums are the same, the message with the higher dangerous status is selected to obtain the dust protection action priority table.

[0027] Based on the dust protection action sequence table, the Raft algorithm is used to match alarm, ventilation, spray, shutdown, and evacuation commands according to the status of the first and second messages. The command number, area number, action name, sending time, and confirmation status are written to obtain the dust protection command confirmation list.

[0028] As a further aspect of the present invention, the Raft algorithm first writes the scheduling platform, area controller, and execution terminal into a node list, writes a master node marker to the scheduling platform, writes a follower node marker to the area controller, generates instruction log entries according to term numbers, and writes the instruction number, area number, action name, sending time, status value, fragment value, and idempotent instruction number into the instruction log entries. The master node sends the instruction log entries to the follower nodes, and the follower nodes compare the term number, instruction number, and idempotent instruction number. If the fields are consistent, they are written into the local log and a log reception marker is returned. The master node counts the number of log reception markers. If the number of log reception markers is greater than half of the total number of nodes, a commit marker is written. The master node issues alarm, ventilation, spray, shutdown, and evacuation instructions to the execution terminal. The execution terminal returns a reception confirmation code and an action completion code. The master node writes the confirmation status into the scheduling platform record, the area controller record, and the execution terminal record to obtain a dust protection instruction confirmation list.

[0029] As a further aspect of the present invention, the specific steps for generating the dust evacuation path control table are as follows:

[0030] Based on the dust protection instruction confirmation list, dust safety status path and dust abnormal evolution fragment set, incomplete danger areas, continuously rising areas and repeatedly exceeding limits areas are screened, and area numbers, status names and fragment types are written to generate a dust path risk area table.

[0031] Based on the dust path risk area table, the blocked path segments are removed, weights are added to the risk path segments, the values ​​of the path segments from the stop point to the exit are accumulated, the passage path segments are arranged from low to high according to the accumulated value, the first passage path segment in the ranking is selected, and a dust evacuation path control table is established.

[0032] A dust monitoring system for underground construction environments oriented towards safety protection, wherein the dust monitoring system for underground construction environments oriented towards safety protection is used to execute the aforementioned dust monitoring method for underground construction environments oriented towards safety protection, the system comprising:

[0033] The classification module compares the dust mass concentration of underground construction faces, return airways, intake airways, personnel residence points, and evacuation passages with the zone limits of tunneling faces, transfer points, and return air inlets, accumulates the number of exceedances and the consecutive exceedance cycles, and obtains the dust area status node set.

[0034] Path determination module: Based on the dust area state node set, read the state candidate value, transition weight, concentration interval matching value, superimpose the previous period cumulative value, use the Viterbi algorithm to trace the previous state, and obtain the dust safety state path;

[0035] Segmentation module: Based on the dust safety state path and dust area state node set, the module counts continuous state segments, duration period, and number of limit violations, compares the duration limit, rise rate limit, and repetition number limit to obtain a set of dust abnormal evolution segments;

[0036] Instruction module: Based on the dust safety status path and the dust abnormal evolution fragment set, calculate the sum of status values ​​and fragment values, sort messages by sum, use the Raft algorithm to select alarm, ventilation, spray, shutdown, and evacuation instructions, and obtain a dust protection instruction confirmation list;

[0037] Evacuation Module: Based on the dust protection instruction confirmation list, dust safety status path and dust abnormal evolution fragment set, delete the blocked path segment, superimpose the risk path weight, compare the cumulative value from the stop point to the exit, and establish a dust evacuation path control table.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0039] In this invention, by using the dust mass concentration corresponding to the underground construction face, return airway, intake airway, personnel residence point, and evacuation passage, the comparison results of the zone limit values ​​of the tunneling face, transfer point, and return air inlet are transformed into a set of dust area state nodes, so that the dust concentration judgment object is expanded from a single point concentration value to a joint expression of regional nodes, the number of limit-breaking items, and the continuous limit-breaking period.

[0040] In this invention, state candidate values, transition weights, concentration interval matching values ​​and previous period cumulative values ​​are superimposed on the dust area state node set, and the Viterbi algorithm is used to trace back the previous state to form a dust safety state path, so that the dust safety judgment has continuous period state basis.

[0041] In this invention, based on the statistics of continuous state segments, duration periods, and number of exceedances in the dust safety state path, and compared with the duration limit, rise rate limit, and repetition limit, it is possible to distinguish dust evolution situations such as short-term concentration fluctuations, continuous rises, and repeated exceedances.

[0042] In this invention, the alarm, ventilation, spray, shutdown, and evacuation commands are confirmed based on the state value and the sum of the fragment values ​​and the Raft algorithm. This makes the protective actions linked with the severity of the dust condition, the duration of the abnormality, and the execution confirmation status. This also makes the evacuation path generation constrained by the dust hazard area, the risk propagation area, and the cost of the passage path. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the workflow of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a system flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a method for monitoring dust in downhole construction environments for safety protection, comprising the following steps:

[0048] S1: Based on the dust mass concentration corresponding to the underground construction face, return airway, intake airway, personnel residence point, and evacuation passage, compare the mass concentration of the tunneling face, transfer point, and return air inlet with the zone limit, accumulate the number of limit violations and the consecutive limit violation period, and obtain the dust area state node set;

[0049] S2: Based on the dust area state node set, read the state candidate value, transition weight, concentration interval matching value, superimpose the previous period cumulative value, use the Viterbi algorithm to select the peak state, and trace back the previous state to obtain the dust safety state path;

[0050] S3: Based on the dust safety state path and the dust area state node set, the continuous state segments, duration period, and number of limit violations are statistically analyzed. The duration limit, rise rate limit, and repetition limit are compared to obtain the dust abnormal evolution fragment set.

[0051] S4: Based on the dust safety status path and the dust abnormal evolution fragment set, calculate the sum of status values ​​and fragment values, sort the messages by the sum, use the Raft algorithm to select alarm, ventilation, spray, shutdown and evacuation commands, and obtain a dust protection command confirmation list.

[0052] S5: Based on the dust protection instruction confirmation list, dust safety status path and dust abnormal evolution fragment set, delete the blockade path segment, superimpose the risk path weight, compare the cumulative value from the stop point to the exit, and establish a dust evacuation path control table.

[0053] The dust area status node set includes the status nodes of the tunneling face, transfer point, return air inlet, and personnel residence point. The dust safety status path is specifically arranged in a status chain according to the judgment cycle, consisting of normal state, warning state, over-limit state, and dangerous state. The dust abnormal evolution segment set includes short-term fluctuation segments, continuous rise segments, and repeated over-limit segments. The dust protection instruction confirmation list includes audible and visual alarm instructions, local ventilation fan air increase instructions, spray valve opening instructions, equipment shutdown instructions, and evacuation broadcast instructions. The dust evacuation path control table includes evacuation paths for the tunneling face, return airway, intake airway, and personnel residence point.

[0054] The specific steps for generating the dust region state node set are as follows:

[0055] Based on the dust concentrations corresponding to underground working faces, return airways, intake airways, personnel residence points, and evacuation passages, the area number field is set to R001 to R999, the judgment period field is set to T0001 to T9999, the monitoring location field is limited to tunneling faces, transfer points, and return air inlets, and the concentration item field is limited to total dust concentration and respirable dust concentration. The area number, judgment period, monitoring location, and concentration item are used for joint positioning, and the concentration items are read in the following order: area number first, judgment period second, monitoring location third, and concentration item last. A limit table key connection method is used, with the area number, monitoring location, and concentration item in the concentration record as the connection key, and the area number, monitoring location, and concentration item in the partition limit table as the joined key. The partition limits are matched line by line in the concentration record, and the partition limits are written to the same record line. A fixed threshold item-by-item judgment method is used to determine the total dust concentration at the tunneling face, the respirable dust concentration at the tunneling face, the total dust concentration at the transfer point, and the respirable dust concentration at the transfer point. Dust mass concentration, total dust mass concentration at the return air vent, and respirable dust mass concentration at the return air vent are used as six judgment items. For each judgment item, the concentration value is compared with the zoning limit item by item. When the concentration value is greater than the zoning limit, the exceeding limit flag is written as 1; when the concentration value is less than or equal to the zoning limit, the exceeding limit flag is written as 0. The monitoring location and concentration item in the exceeding limit flag record are written into the exceeding limit location field. A grouped counting statistical method is used, with the area number, judgment period, and monitoring location as grouping fields, and the exceeding limit flags are summed to obtain the exceeding limit location. The number of items exceeding the limit is determined, and the locations and number of items exceeding the limit are written into the judgment cycle record. A two-dimensional matrix mapping method is used, where the row identifier is set to the combination of the area number and the judgment cycle value, the column identifier is set to the total dust mass concentration at the tunnel face, the respirable dust mass concentration at the tunnel face, the total dust mass concentration at the transfer point, the respirable dust mass concentration at the transfer point, the total dust mass concentration at the return air inlet, and the respirable dust mass concentration at the return air inlet, and the matrix cell value is set to the number of items exceeding the limit. The locations and number of items exceeding the limit are written into the matrix to generate a dust exceeding the limit location matrix.

[0056] Based on the dust violation location matrix, the sorting fields are set sequentially as region number, violation location, concentration, and judgment period, with all sorting directions set to ascending order. Violation records are arranged sequentially, and an adjacent period comparison method is used. The region number, violation location, concentration, and judgment period of the current record are read, along with the region number, violation location, concentration, and judgment period of the previous record. If the current region number equals the previous region number, the current violation location equals the previous violation location, the current concentration equals the previous concentration, and the current judgment period is immediately following the previous judgment period, the current record is grouped into the same continuous segment. If any field does not meet the above conditions, the current record is written as the starting point of a new continuous segment. A run-length encoding continuous statistical method is used to number the violation records within the same continuous segment in ascending order of the judgment period. The first record in the segment is counted as 1, and the count of the next record is incremented by 1. The number of consecutive occurrences of the same over-limit position along adjacent judgment cycles is counted, and the count results are written to the consecutive over-limit period field. Using the field binding method, the area number, over-limit position, number of over-limit items, consecutive over-limit period, and judgment cycle are written to the same node record row. Using the state level table-driven judgment method, the state level table is set to four levels: L0, L1, L2, and L3. No over-limit is written to L0, consecutive over-limit periods of 1 to 2 or number of over-limit items of 1 to 2 are written to L1, consecutive over-limit periods of 3 to 5 or number of over-limit items of 3 to 4 are written to L2, and consecutive over-limit periods of not less than 6 or number of over-limit items of not less than 5 are written to L3. The node attributes are written according to the state level to obtain the dust area state node set.

[0057] The specific steps for generating the dust safety state path are as follows:

[0058] Based on the dust region state node set, the state candidate values ​​are limited to candidate zero, candidate one, candidate two, and candidate three. The read fields are limited to region number, judgment period, state candidate value, lower limit of mass concentration range, upper limit of mass concentration range, lower limit of respirable concentration range, upper limit of respirable concentration range, lower limit of particulate matter concentration range, upper limit of particulate matter concentration range, node mass concentration, node respirable concentration, and node particulate matter concentration. Three-field positioning is performed on region number, judgment period, and state candidate value to read mass concentration range, respirable concentration range, and particulate matter concentration range. The interval boundary rule is set to allow the lower limit and disallow the upper limit, and the node mass concentration is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the mass concentration range and less than the upper limit of the mass concentration range. Record the mass concentration matching items. Record the node respirable concentration that is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the respirable concentration interval and less than the upper limit of the respirable concentration interval as respirable concentration matching items. Record the node particulate matter concentration that is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the particulate matter interval and less than the upper limit of the particulate matter interval as particulate matter concentration matching items. Record the items that do not meet the interval boundary rules as deviation items. Use the matching mark writing method to write the matching item mark value as one and the deviation item mark value as zero. Write the area number, judgment period, status candidate value, mass concentration matching mark, respirable concentration matching mark, particulate matter concentration matching mark, mass concentration deviation mark, respirable concentration deviation mark, and particulate matter concentration deviation mark into the same record row to generate a dust status matching table.

[0059] Based on the dust state matching table, the fields to be read are limited to region number, judgment period, candidate state value, cumulative value of the previous period, number of matching items in the current period, number of deviation items, and adjacent state transition weight. The source of the number of matching items is set as the sum of the mass concentration matching mark, respirable concentration matching mark, and particulate matter concentration matching mark. The source of the number of deviation items is set as the sum of the mass concentration deviation mark, respirable concentration deviation mark, and particulate matter concentration deviation mark. Candidate states (candidate zero, candidate one, candidate two, and candidate three) under the same region number and the same judgment period are arranged. The cumulative values ​​corresponding to candidates zero to candidate three in the previous judgment period are read. The transition weight between the current candidate state and the previous candidate state is read. The row identifier of the weight table is set to the previous candidate state, and the column identifier of the weight table is set to the current candidate state. The weights of candidate zero to candidate zero, candidate one to candidate one, candidate two to candidate two, and candidate three to candidate three are set to two. The weights of candidate zero to candidate one, candidate one to candidate two, and candidate two to candidate three are set to one. The weights of candidate one to candidate zero, candidate two to candidate one, and candidate three to candidate two are set to one. The weights of transfers across two or more levels are set to zero. The cumulative value of the previous period, the number of matching items in the current period, and the weights of adjacent state transfers are summed, and the number of deviation items is deducted from the sum. The candidate state is sorted in descending order. The sorting fields are set as region number, judgment period, and candidate state value. The candidate state values ​​are sorted in descending order. The candidate states with the same value are sorted in descending order of the number of consecutive periods. The previous state mark, candidate state value, and candidate state order are written into the table to obtain the dust state order table.

[0060] Based on the dust state sequence table, the Dimensional Bit algorithm is used. The read fields are limited to region number, judgment period, candidate state name, candidate state value, preceding state flag, and number of consecutive periods. The record with the largest candidate state value in the last period is read, and the candidate state name of this record is written as the peak state of the last period. The preceding state flag of this record is written as the backtracking entry. The preceding state flags are read one by one from the last period to the first period according to the judgment period. The state names are concatenated in reverse order, and the reverse concatenation sequence is written into the path buffer table. When encountering states with the same value, the consecutive period priority judgment method is used. The number of consecutive periods corresponding to the same value state is read, and the state with the larger number of consecutive periods is written as the selected state. The states with the same number of consecutive periods are written as the selected states in the order of candidate three, candidate two, candidate one, and candidate zero. The state name concatenation is performed for all judgment periods under the same region number. The path buffer table is rearranged in ascending order of judgment period and the region number, judgment period, state name, preceding state name, and number of consecutive periods are written into it to obtain the dust safety state path.

[0061] The Viterbi algorithm establishes four columns of state cells according to the judgment cycle: normal state, warning state, over-limit state, and dangerous state. It reads the candidate state values ​​of the first cycle and writes them into the cumulative score of the first cycle. From the second cycle onwards, it reads the cumulative scores of multiple preceding states, adjacent state transition weights, and current cycle concentration interval matching scores for each candidate state in the previous cycle. It adds these three values ​​to form the cumulative path score. It retains the first preceding state and the cumulative path score in the candidate state and writes them into the preceding state mark. It repeats cycle by cycle until the last cycle. It reads the peak state of the last cycle as the backtracking starting point and concatenates the state names in reverse order of the judgment cycle along the preceding state mark. When encountering a state with the same value, it selects the state with the longer continuous cycle. When encountering a dangerous state that has not reached the concentration change rate limit or the continuous over-limit duration limit, it corrects it to an over-limit state and outputs the dust safety state path.

[0062] The specific steps for generating a set of dust anomalous evolution fragments are as follows:

[0063] Based on the dust safety status path and dust area status node set, the reading range is limited to the tunneling face, return airway, and intake airway. The reading fields are limited to area number, judgment period, location name, status name, number of out-of-limit items, and consecutive out-of-limit periods. The sorting fields are set to area number, location name, and judgment period in sequence, and the sorting direction is set to ascending. Status records under the same area number and the same location name are arranged in periodic order. The continuous consistent status name segment is extracted. The status name of the current record is compared with the status name of the previous period item by item. When the current status name is equal to the status name of the previous period and the current judgment period is immediately following, the record is considered safe. During the previous judgment cycle, the current record is written into the same continuous segment. When the current state name is different from the state name of the previous cycle or the current judgment cycle is not immediately following the previous judgment cycle, the current record is written into the starting point of the new continuous segment. Using the segment boundary registration method, the judgment cycle of the first record of the continuous segment is written into the starting cycle, and the judgment cycle of the last record of the continuous segment is written into the ending cycle. The unique state name within the continuous segment is written into the state name field. The area number, location name, starting cycle, ending cycle, state name, judgment cycle list within the segment, and list of out-of-limit items within the segment are written into the same segment record to generate a dust continuous state segment table.

[0064] Based on the dust continuous state segment table, the read fields are limited to area number, location name, start period, end period, state name, list of judgment periods within the segment, list of number of items exceeding limits within the segment, list of mass concentration within the segment, list of respirable concentration within the segment, and list of particulate matter concentration within the segment. The calculation rule for the continuous period is set as the end period number minus the start period number plus one. The calculation rule for the number of times limits are exceeded is set as the number of records where the number of items exceeding limits within the segment is greater than zero is accumulated. The calculation rule for the rate of increase is set as the mass concentration at the end of the segment minus the mass concentration at the beginning of the segment, divided by the continuous period. The short-term fluctuation limit is set as a continuous period of less than three and the number of times limits are exceeded less than two. The continuous increase limit is set as a continuous period greater than or equal to... If the number of repeated exceedances is greater than or equal to three and the rate of increase is greater than 0.2, the limit for repeated exceedances is set to be greater than or equal to three and the interval between adjacent exceedances is less than or equal to two judgment cycles. Using the type priority writing method, the order of segment type judgment is set as repeated exceedances first, continuous increase second, and short-term fluctuation last. Segments that meet the repeated exceedance limit are written as repeated exceedances, segments that meet the continuous increase limit but are not written as repeated exceedances are written as continuous increase, and segments that meet the short-term fluctuation limit but are not written as repeated exceedances and continuous increase are written as short-term fluctuation. The region number, location name, start cycle, end cycle, duration cycle, number of exceedances, rate of increase, and segment type are written into the same segment record to obtain the dust abnormal evolution segment set.

[0065] The specific steps for generating the dust protection instruction confirmation list are as follows:

[0066] Based on the dust safety state path and the dust abnormal evolution fragment set, the read fields are limited to the final cycle state name, fragment name, region number, duration period, and number of limit violations. The key fields are set to region number and final cycle judgment period. The region number, final cycle state name, and final cycle judgment period from the dust safety state path are written to the left table. The region number, fragment name, duration period, number of limit violations, and termination period from the dust abnormal evolution fragment set are written to the right table. The final cycle judgment period from the left table and the termination period from the right table are taken as the same cycle record. Records without fragment names are written as "no fragment". The state values ​​are then assigned. The table is set as follows: Dangerous State 4, Over-limit State 3, Warning State 2, Normal State 1. The segment value assignment table is set as follows: Repeated Over-limit 3, Continuous Increase 2, Short-term Fluctuation 1, No Segment 0. The enumeration value replacement method is used to read the state name and segment name row by row. Dangerous State, Over-limit State, Warning State, and Normal State are replaced with the corresponding state values. Repeated Over-limit, Continuous Increase, Short-term Fluctuation, and No Segment are replaced with the corresponding segment values. The integer column writing method is used to write the state value, segment value, duration period value, and number of over-limit values ​​into the same message record row to generate the dust protection message value table.

[0067] Based on the dust protection message value table, the read fields are limited to area number, last cycle state name, segment name, state value, segment value, duration cycle value, and number of overruns. The state value, segment value, duration cycle value, and number of overruns are accumulated as integers in the same message record row. The accumulated result is written to the message and value fields. A descending priority sorting method is used. The first sorting field is set to message and value and sorted from largest to smallest. The second sorting field is set to state priority and sorted from dangerous state, overrun state, warning state, and normal state. The third sorting field is set to the number of overruns and sorted from largest to smallest. The fourth sorting field is set to duration cycle value and sorted from largest to smallest. When message and value are the same, the message with the dangerous state is selected first. When state names are the same, the message with the larger number of overruns is selected first. When the number of overruns is the same, the message with the larger duration cycle value is selected first. The area number, last cycle state name, segment name, message and value, state priority, and area message order are written to the same order record row to obtain the dust protection action order table.

[0068] Based on the dust protection action priority table, the Raft algorithm is used to assign node roles as master node, slave node, and candidate node. The initial value of the term number is set to 1, the voting timeout is set to 300 milliseconds, the heartbeat interval is set to 100 milliseconds, the initial value of the log index is set to 1, the initial value of the commit index is set to 0, and the confirmation threshold is set to an integer value exceeding half the total number of nodes. The first message is read, and the area number, last cycle state name, segment name, message, and value in the first message are written into the log to be committed. The state-action mapping table matching method is used to match dangerous states with evacuation commands, shutdown commands, and alarm commands; over-limit states with shutdown commands, ventilation commands, spray commands, and alarm commands; warning states with alarm commands, ventilation commands, and spray commands; and normal states with spray commands. The log appending command is used. The registration method involves the master node sending an append log request to the slave node, setting the request fields to the term number, master node number, log index, previous log index, previous log term, action name, area number, and sending time. The slave node returns confirmation receipts for each log entry, setting the receipt fields to the slave node number, log index, confirmation flag, and receiving time. When the number of confirmation receipts reaches the confirmation threshold, it is written as "confirmed"; when the number of confirmation receipts does not reach the confirmation threshold, it is written as "pending confirmation". When the interval between the sending time and the current time exceeds one thousand milliseconds and the number of confirmation receipts does not reach the confirmation threshold, it is written as "timeout unconfirmed". The instruction number sequential generation method is used, where the instruction number is concatenated in the order of area number, sending time, and log index. The area number, action name, sending time, and confirmation status are written into the same instruction record line to obtain the dust protection instruction confirmation list.

[0069] The Raft algorithm first writes the scheduling platform, area controller, and execution terminal into the node list. It writes a master node tag to the scheduling platform and a follower node tag to the area controller. Instruction log entries are generated according to term numbers. Each instruction log entry includes the instruction number, area number, action name, sending time, status value, fragment value, and idempotent instruction number. The master node sends the instruction log entries to the follower nodes. The follower nodes compare the term number, instruction number, and idempotent instruction number; if the fields match, they write the entry to their local log and return a log reception tag. The master node counts the number of log reception tags; if the number exceeds half the total number of nodes, it writes a commit tag. The master node then issues alarm, ventilation, spray, shutdown, and evacuation commands to the execution terminals. The execution terminals return a reception confirmation code and an action completion code. The master node writes the confirmation status to the scheduling platform record, area controller record, and execution terminal record, thus obtaining the dust protection instruction confirmation list.

[0070] The specific steps for generating the dust evacuation path control table are as follows:

[0071] Based on the dust protection instruction confirmation list, dust safety status path, and dust abnormal evolution fragment set, a three-table primary key joint filtering method is adopted. The read fields are limited to area number, status name, fragment type, action name, confirmation status, termination cycle, duration cycle, and number of exceedances. The primary key fields are set to area number and termination cycle. Records in the dust protection instruction confirmation list with a confirmation status of "pending confirmation" or "not confirmed after timeout" are written to the incomplete instruction record. Records with action names of "shutdown," "evacuation," or "alarm" in the incomplete instruction record are written to the incomplete hazardous area record. Records with status names of "hazardous state" or "exceeding limit" in the final cycle of the dust safety status path are written to the status risk record. Records of continuously rising dust evolution segments are written into the continuously rising area record, and records of repeated exceeding limits are written into the repeated exceeding limit area record. Using the Boolean conditional cross-marking method, incomplete danger areas under the same area number are marked as one, continuously rising areas are marked as one, repeatedly exceeding limits are marked as one, and records that do not meet the above conditions are marked as zero. Using the risk area field registration method, the area number, status name, segment type, duration period, number of exceeding limits, incomplete danger area mark, continuously rising area mark, and repeatedly exceeding limit area mark are written into the same risk area record to generate a dust path risk area table.

[0072] Based on the dust path risk zone table, the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm is used. Path nodes are limited to personnel stopping points, alleyway intersections, and exits. Path segments are limited to connecting segments of adjacent path nodes. The starting point is set as the personnel stopping point, and the ending point is set as the exit. The base value of a path segment is set to one. The value of a closed-off path segment is set to impassable. The superimposed value of a dangerous path segment is set to five, the superimposed value of an over-limit path segment is set to four, the superimposed value of a warning path segment is set to two, the superimposed value of a repeatedly over-limit path segment is set to three, the superimposed value of a continuously rising path segment is set to two, and the superimposed value of a short-term fluctuating path segment is set to one. A closed-off path segment exclusion method is used, reading the path segment number, starting node, ending node, closed-off marker, and area number. When the closed-off marker is one, the path segment is deleted from the candidate passable path segment set; when the closed-off marker is zero, the path segment is retained in the candidate passable path segment set. In the set of travel path segments, the risk weight superposition method is used to match the associated area number of the candidate travel path segment with the area number in the dust path risk area table item by item. The corresponding values ​​of the matched dangerous state, over-limit state, warning state, repeated over-limit, continuous increase, and short-term fluctuation records are superimposed to the basic value of the path segment. The path segment cumulative sorting method is used to read adjacent candidate travel path segments starting from the personnel stop point. The value of each travel path segment is accumulated segment by segment to the exit. The cumulative value is written into the path cumulative value field. The travel path segments are arranged from low to high according to the cumulative value of the path. When the cumulative values ​​are the same, the path segment with zero blocked path segments and fewer risk areas is selected first. The first-ranked travel path segment is selected. The personnel stop point, exit, travel path segment number, path cumulative value, area number, blockade mark, and risk weight value are written into the same path control record to establish a dust evacuation path control table.

[0073] Please see Figure 2 A dust monitoring system for underground construction environments oriented towards safety protection is provided. This system is used to execute the aforementioned dust monitoring method for underground construction environments oriented towards safety protection. The system includes:

[0074] The classification module compares the dust mass concentration of underground construction faces, return airways, intake airways, personnel residence points, and evacuation passages with the zone limits of tunneling faces, transfer points, and return air inlets, accumulates the number of exceedances and the consecutive exceedance cycles, and obtains the dust area status node set.

[0075] Path determination module: Based on the dust area state node set, read the state candidate value, transition weight, concentration interval matching value, superimpose the previous period cumulative value, use the Viterbi algorithm to trace the previous state, and obtain the dust safety state path;

[0076] Segmentation module: Based on the dust safety state path and the dust area state node set, it counts continuous state segments, duration period, and number of limit violations, compares the duration limit, rise rate limit, and repetition number limit, and obtains a set of dust abnormal evolution segments.

[0077] Instruction module: Based on the dust safety status path and the dust abnormal evolution fragment set, calculate the sum of status values ​​and fragment values, sort messages by sum, use the Raft algorithm to select alarm, ventilation, spray, shutdown, and evacuation instructions, and obtain a dust protection instruction confirmation list;

[0078] Evacuation Module: Based on the dust protection instruction confirmation list, dust safety status path and dust abnormal evolution fragment set, delete the sealed-off path segment, superimpose risk path weights, compare the cumulative value from the stop point to the exit, and establish a dust evacuation path control table.

[0079] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments that can be applied to other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring dust in downhole construction environments for safety protection, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Based on the dust mass concentration corresponding to the underground construction face, return airway, intake airway, personnel residence point, and evacuation passage, compare the mass concentration of the tunneling face, transfer point, and return air inlet with the zone limit, accumulate the number of limit violations and the consecutive limit violation period, and obtain the dust area state node set; S2: Based on the dust area state node set, read the state candidate value, transition weight, concentration interval matching value, superimpose the previous period cumulative value, use the Viterbi algorithm to select the peak state, trace back the previous state in reverse to obtain the dust safety state path; S3: Based on the dust safety state path and the dust area state node set, count the continuous state segments, duration period, and number of limit violations, compare the duration limit, rise rate limit, and repetition limit to obtain the dust abnormal evolution fragment set; S4: Based on the dust safety state path and the dust abnormal evolution fragment set, calculate the sum of state values ​​and fragment values, sort the messages by the sum, use the Raft algorithm to select alarm, ventilation, spray, shutdown and evacuation commands, and obtain a dust protection command confirmation list. S5: Based on the dust protection instruction confirmation list, dust safety status path and dust abnormal evolution fragment set, delete the blockade path segment, superimpose the risk path weight, compare the cumulative value from the stop point to the exit, and establish a dust evacuation path control table.

2. The method for monitoring dust in downhole construction environments for safety protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust area status node set includes tunneling face status nodes, transfer point status nodes, return air inlet status nodes, and personnel dwelling point status nodes. The dust safety status path is specifically a status chain arranged according to the judgment cycle, consisting of normal state, warning state, over-limit state, and dangerous state. The dust abnormal evolution fragment set includes short-term fluctuation fragments, continuous rise fragments, and repeated over-limit fragments. The dust protection instruction confirmation list includes audible and visual alarm instructions, local ventilation fan ventilation increase instructions, spray valve opening instructions, equipment shutdown instructions, and evacuation broadcast instructions. The dust evacuation path control table includes evacuation paths for tunneling face, return airway, intake airway, and personnel dwelling point.

3. The method for monitoring dust in downhole construction environments for safety protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for generating the dust region state node set are as follows: Based on the dust mass concentration corresponding to the underground construction face, return airway, intake airway, personnel residence point, and evacuation passage, the concentration items are located by area number and judgment period. The concentration values ​​of the tunneling face, transfer point, and return air inlet are compared with the zone limit values ​​one by one. The location of the limit violation and the number of limit violation items are written to generate a dust limit violation location matrix. Based on the dust exceedance location matrix, the number of consecutive occurrences of the same exceedance location is counted along adjacent judgment periods. The exceedance item number, consecutive exceedance period, and region number are bound and written into the node attributes according to the state level to obtain the dust region state node set.

4. The method for monitoring dust in downhole construction environments for safety protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for generating the dust safety state path are as follows: Based on the dust region state node set, read the region number, judgment period, state candidate value, mass concentration range, respirable concentration range, and particulate matter concentration range, mark the node concentration falling into the range as a matching item, and mark the position that does not fall into the range as a deviation item, and generate a dust state matching table. Based on the dust state matching table, the cumulative value of the previous period, the number of matching items in the current period, the number of deviation items, and the weight of adjacent state transitions are read. The number of matching items is added to the weight, the number of deviation items is deducted from the sum, and the values ​​are arranged according to the candidate states to obtain the dust state ranking table. Based on the dust state sequence table, the Viterbi algorithm is used to read the peak state of the last cycle, the previous state mark, and the region number. The state names are connected in reverse order according to the judgment cycle. When encountering states with the same value, the state with the longer continuous cycle is selected to obtain the dust safety state path.

5. The method for monitoring dust in downhole construction environments for safety protection according to claim 4, characterized in that, The Viterbi algorithm establishes four columns of state cells according to the judgment cycle: normal state, warning state, over-limit state, and dangerous state. It reads the candidate state values ​​of the first cycle and writes them into the cumulative score of the first cycle. From the second cycle onwards, it reads the cumulative scores of multiple preceding states, adjacent state transition weights, and current cycle concentration interval matching scores for each candidate state corresponding to the previous cycle. It adds these three values ​​to form the path cumulative score. It retains the first preceding state and the path cumulative score in the candidate state according to the numerical order and writes them into the preceding state mark. It repeats cycle by cycle until the last cycle. It reads the peak state of the last cycle as the backtracking starting point and concatenates the state names in reverse order according to the judgment cycle along the preceding state mark. When encountering a state with the same value, it selects the state with the longer continuous cycle. When encountering a dangerous state that has not reached the concentration change rate limit or the continuous over-limit duration limit, it corrects it to an over-limit state and outputs the dust safety state path.

6. The method for monitoring dust in downhole construction environments for safety protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for generating the dust anomalous evolution fragment set are as follows: Based on the dust safety state path and dust area state node set, extract the continuous and consistent state name segments in the tunneling face, return airway and intake airway, write the start period, end period and state name, and generate a dust continuous state segment table. Based on the dust continuous state fragment table, the duration, number of times the limit is exceeded, and the rate of increase are calculated. The values ​​are compared with the corresponding limits, and the fragment types are written according to short-term fluctuation, continuous increase, and repeated exceedance to obtain the dust abnormal evolution fragment set.

7. The method for monitoring dust in downhole construction environments for safety protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for generating the dust protection instruction confirmation list are as follows: Based on the dust safety status path and dust abnormal evolution fragment set, the end-cycle status name, fragment name, area number, duration period, and number of times the limit is exceeded are read. The dangerous status, the over-limit status, the warning status, and the normal status are assigned status values ​​respectively. The repeated over-limit, continuous increase, and short-term fluctuation are assigned fragment values ​​respectively, and a dust protection message value table is generated. Based on the dust protection message value table, the status value, segment value, duration period value, and number of times the limit is exceeded are added together, and the regional messages are arranged in descending order of the sum. When the sums are the same, the message with the higher dangerous status is selected to obtain the dust protection action priority table. Based on the dust protection action sequence table, the Raft algorithm is used to match alarm, ventilation, spray, shutdown, and evacuation commands according to the status of the first and second messages. The command number, area number, action name, sending time, and confirmation status are written to obtain the dust protection command confirmation list.

8. The method for monitoring dust in downhole construction environments for safety protection according to claim 7, characterized in that, The Raft algorithm first writes the scheduling platform, area controller, and execution terminal into the node list. It writes a master node marker to the scheduling platform and a follower node marker to the area controller. Instruction log entries are generated according to term numbers. Each instruction log entry includes the instruction number, area number, action name, sending time, status value, fragment value, and idempotent instruction number. The master node sends the instruction log entries to the follower nodes. The follower nodes compare the term number, instruction number, and idempotent instruction number; if the fields match, they write the entry into their local log and return a log reception marker. The master node counts the number of log reception markers; if the number exceeds half the total number of nodes, it writes a commit marker. The master node then issues alarm, ventilation, spray, shutdown, and evacuation instructions to the execution terminal. The execution terminal returns a reception confirmation code and an action completion code. The master node writes the confirmation status into the scheduling platform record, area controller record, and execution terminal record, thus obtaining the dust protection instruction confirmation list.

9. The method for monitoring dust in downhole construction environments for safety protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for generating the dust evacuation path control table are as follows: Based on the dust protection instruction confirmation list, dust safety status path and dust abnormal evolution fragment set, incomplete danger areas, continuously rising areas and repeatedly exceeding limits areas are screened, and area numbers, status names and fragment types are written to generate a dust path risk area table. Based on the dust path risk area table, the blocked path segments are removed, weights are added to the risk path segments, the values ​​of the path segments from the stop point to the exit are accumulated, the passage path segments are arranged from low to high according to the accumulated value, the first passage path segment in the ranking is selected, and a dust evacuation path control table is established.

10. A dust monitoring system for underground construction environments aimed at safety protection, characterized in that, The method for monitoring dust in downhole construction environments for safety protection according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the system comprises: The classification module compares the dust mass concentration of underground construction faces, return airways, intake airways, personnel residence points, and evacuation passages with the zone limits of tunneling faces, transfer points, and return air inlets, accumulates the number of exceedances and the consecutive exceedance cycles, and obtains the dust area status node set. Path determination module: Based on the dust area state node set, read the state candidate value, transition weight, concentration interval matching value, superimpose the previous period cumulative value, use the Viterbi algorithm to trace the previous state, and obtain the dust safety state path; Segmentation module: Based on the dust safety state path and dust area state node set, the module counts continuous state segments, duration period, and number of limit violations, compares the duration limit, rise rate limit, and repetition number limit to obtain a set of dust abnormal evolution segments; Instruction module: Based on the dust safety status path and the dust abnormal evolution fragment set, calculate the sum of status values ​​and fragment values, sort messages by sum, use the Raft algorithm to select alarm, ventilation, spray, shutdown, and evacuation instructions, and obtain a dust protection instruction confirmation list; Evacuation Module: Based on the dust protection instruction confirmation list, dust safety status path and dust abnormal evolution fragment set, delete the blocked path segment, superimpose the risk path weight, compare the cumulative value from the stop point to the exit, and establish a dust evacuation path control table.

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