A test method for the thermal insulation performance of high-efficiency thermal insulation modular composite materials

Abstract

This invention discloses a testing method for the thermal insulation performance of high-efficiency thermal insulation modular composite materials, comprising the following steps: installing a fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material sample in a testing system, the testing system including a heat source device, a cold source device, a temperature detection device, and a data acquisition and analysis device; measuring the thermal conductivity of the sample using a steady-state heat flux meter method or a protective hot plate method; performing a compression resilience test on the sample to obtain compression resilience data; performing a sound insulation performance test on the sample to obtain sound insulation data; collecting the thickness and density data of the sample; and calculating a comprehensive thermal insulation performance score based on the thermal conductivity, compression resilience data, sound insulation data, thickness data, and density data using a pre-constructed comprehensive evaluation model. This invention can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the thermal insulation performance of modular composite materials, providing a reliable basis for the engineering application of high-efficiency thermal insulation materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of material performance testing technology, and specifically to a testing method for the thermal insulation performance of a high-efficiency thermal insulation modular composite material. Background Technology

[0002] High-efficiency thermal insulation composites are increasingly widely used in shipbuilding, aerospace, and construction. Fiber-reinforced aerogel composites, in particular, have become representative of the new generation of high-efficiency thermal insulation materials due to their extremely low thermal conductivity, excellent sound insulation performance, and lightweight characteristics. However, in practical applications, these materials are typically used in the form of modular components, such as removable insulation sleeves and modular insulation panels.

[0003] Existing methods for testing the thermal insulation performance of thermal insulation materials primarily target flat standard specimens. This limited testing scope makes it difficult to comprehensively evaluate the overall performance of modular composite materials under practical application conditions. Specifically, existing testing methods suffer from the following technical problems: First, the test objects do not match the actual application forms. Existing methods usually use flat plate specimens with regular shapes for testing, while modular composite materials often have complex three-dimensional structures in actual applications. Existing methods cannot accurately reflect the actual thermal insulation performance of modular components.

[0004] Second, the evaluation indicators are too simplistic. Existing methods mainly focus on the single indicator of thermal conductivity, neglecting performance parameters that have a significant impact on actual thermal insulation effects, such as material compression resilience, sound insulation performance, and density consistency, resulting in incomplete evaluation results.

[0005] Third, there is a lack of comprehensive performance evaluation system. Modular composite materials need to meet multiple requirements in engineering applications, such as heat insulation, sound insulation, lightweighting, and reusability. Existing technologies lack testing methods that can comprehensively evaluate these properties.

[0006] Fourth, there is insufficient evaluation of consistency and stability. The mass production and engineering applications of modular composite materials require high product consistency, and existing testing methods are insufficient to effectively evaluate performance fluctuations within and between batches.

[0007] Therefore, developing a test method that can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the thermal insulation performance of high-efficiency thermal insulation modular composite materials has significant engineering application value. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention aims to provide a test method for the thermal insulation performance of high-efficiency thermal insulation modular composite materials, in order to solve the technical problems of existing technologies such as single test objects, incomplete evaluation indicators, and lack of a comprehensive performance evaluation system.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A test method for the thermal insulation performance of a high-efficiency thermal insulation modular composite material includes the following steps: S1, The sample is installed in the testing system, which includes a heat source device, a cold source device, a temperature detection device, and a data acquisition and analysis device; the sample is a modular component made of fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material; The heat source device is used to provide a stable heat source, the cold source device is used to maintain the cold end temperature of the sample, the temperature detection device is used to monitor the temperature distribution on both sides and the surface of the sample in real time, and the data acquisition and analysis device is used to collect and record test data. S2, The thermal conductivity of the sample is measured using the steady-state heat flow meter method or the protective hot plate method; S3, compress the sample to a specified proportion of the initial thickness and hold it for a predetermined time before unloading, measure the thickness recovery rate, calculate the permanent deformation rate, and obtain the compression resilience data; S4, The sound insulation of the sample within a predetermined frequency band is measured using the impedance tube method; S5, measure the thickness and density data of the sample; S6. Based on the thermal conductivity obtained in step S2, the compression resilience data obtained in step S3, the sound insulation data obtained in step S4, and the thickness and density data obtained in step S5, the comprehensive score of thermal insulation performance is calculated through a pre-built comprehensive evaluation model.

[0010] The sample has a predetermined shape and size, and the fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material includes an aerogel substrate and a fiber reinforcement. Preferably, the aerogel substrate is prepared using a supercritical drying process, and the fiber reinforcement is a needle-punched fiber preform. More preferably, the sample is a detachable thermal insulation sleeve structure, including an inner layer and an outer layer; the inner layer is composed of high-silica cloth, aerogel composite material, and high-silica cloth in sequence, and the outer layer is composed of flame-retardant silicone cloth, aerogel composite material, and high-silica cloth in sequence.

[0011] Preferably, the testing system further includes an infrared thermal imaging device for real-time monitoring of the temperature distribution on the sample surface during the testing process and for identifying potential "thermal bridge" areas.

[0012] In step S2, the test temperatures include room temperature (25℃) and high temperature (200℃), and the thermal conductivity values ​​and consistency deviations at each temperature are recorded. The consistency deviation of the thermal conductivity is calculated by measuring multiple samples from different locations in the same batch.

[0013] In step S3, the sample is compressed to 50% of its initial thickness (or other specified ratio), held for 24 hours (or other specified duration), unloaded, and the thickness recovery rate is measured within 1 hour (or other specified duration).

[0014] In step S4, the thickness of the sample is 50 mm, the test frequency range is 500 to 4000 Hz, and the sound insulation value and the consistency deviation between the thickness and the sound insulation value are recorded.

[0015] In step S6, the comprehensive evaluation model adopts a weighted scoring method, wherein the weight coefficients for thermal conductivity, sound insulation, compression resilience, thickness consistency, and density consistency are 0.35, 0.25, 0.20, 0.10, and 0.10, respectively (or weight coefficients negotiated by the customer are used); the scores of each indicator are normalized, and the measured values ​​are compared with the preset target values ​​to obtain the score value.

[0016] The method for testing the thermal insulation performance of a high-efficiency thermal insulation modular composite material according to the present invention further includes step S7, which compares the comprehensive thermal insulation performance score with a preset threshold to determine the thermal insulation performance level of the sample. The preset threshold can be set according to engineering application requirements; for example, a comprehensive score ≥90 is excellent, 80-89 is good, 70-79 is medium, and <70 is poor.

[0017] The method for testing the thermal insulation performance of a high-efficiency thermal insulation modular composite material according to the present invention further includes step S8, which evaluates the consistency of multiple batches of samples and calculates the standard deviation of thermal conductivity, sound insulation and thickness of samples at different locations in the same batch and in different batches.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The test object matches the actual application form: The present invention uses modular components as test specimens to simulate the form of insulation sleeves, heat insulation boards and other forms under actual application conditions, and the test results are closer to the actual engineering.

[0019] (2) Comprehensive evaluation index system: This invention not only measures thermal conductivity, but also comprehensively considers multiple key parameters such as compression resilience, sound insulation performance, and density consistency, so as to fully reflect the comprehensive performance of modular composite materials.

[0020] (3) Introduce a comprehensive performance evaluation model: By constructing a weighted scoring model, multiple performance indicators are integrated into a comprehensive score, which facilitates intuitive comparison and grade determination.

[0021] (4) Focus on consistency and stability: This invention evaluates the consistency and stability of products through multiple batch tests and deviation analysis, providing a basis for mass production and quality control.

[0022] (5) Applicable to engineering application scenarios: This invention is particularly applicable to the performance evaluation of modular components such as detachable insulation sleeves, and can provide reliable technical support for engineering material selection and quality acceptance. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0024] Example 1 A test method for the thermal insulation performance of a high-efficiency thermal insulation modular composite material includes the following steps: 1. Sample preparation: Modular samples were prepared using fiber-reinforced aerogel composite materials. The sample size was 300mm×300mm×50mm. A detachable insulation sleeve structure was adopted. The inner layer was composed of high-silica cloth, aerogel composite material and high-silica cloth in sequence, and the outer layer was composed of flame-retardant silicone cloth, aerogel composite material and high-silica cloth in sequence.

[0025] 2. Thermal Conductivity Measurement: The sample was installed in the testing system, and the heat source and cold source devices were activated. A stable temperature gradient was established on both sides of the sample. The thermal conductivity of the sample was measured using the protective hot plate method. At 25℃, the measured thermal conductivity was 0.0218 W / (m·K), with a consistency deviation of 0.0015 W / (m·K); at 200℃, the measured thermal conductivity was 0.0312 W / (m·K), with a consistency deviation of 0.0022 W / (m·K). The test results meet the technical requirements for high-efficiency thermal insulation materials. During the test, an infrared thermal imaging device was used to monitor the temperature distribution on the sample surface in real time to identify potential thermal bridge areas.

[0026] 3. Compression resilience test: The sample was compressed to 50% of its initial thickness and held for 24 hours before being unloaded. The thickness recovery rate of the sample was measured to be 92% within 1 hour, and the permanent deformation rate was calculated to be 4.5%, indicating that the sample has good compression resilience.

[0027] 4. Sound insulation performance test: The sample thickness is 50mm. The sound insulation of the sample is measured by impedance tube method. The average sound insulation in the frequency band of 500~4000Hz is 42dB. The consistency deviation between thickness and sound insulation is 4.2%.

[0028] 5. Geometric parameter measurement: The thickness of the sample was measured using a laser rangefinder, with a thickness deviation of less than 2% at each measurement point; the density of the sample was calculated to be 195 kg / m³ based on its mass and volume. 3 It meets the requirements for lightweight design.

[0029] 6. Comprehensive Performance Evaluation: A weighted scoring method was used to calculate the comprehensive score for thermal insulation performance. The scores were: thermal conductivity 95 (target value 0.022, measured 0.0218), sound insulation 92 (target value 40dB, measured 42dB), compression resilience 94 (recovery rate 92%), thickness consistency 96 (deviation 2%), and density consistency 95 (deviation 2.5%). The comprehensive score was calculated as follows: 95 × 0.35 + 92 × 0.25 + 94 × 0.20 + 96 × 0.10 + 95 × 0.10 = 94.05 points, which was rated as excellent.

[0030] 7. Consistency evaluation: Five samples from the same batch were tested. The standard deviation of thermal conductivity was 0.0012 W / (m·K), the standard deviation of sound insulation was 0.8dB, and the standard deviation of thickness was 0.3mm, indicating that the product has good batch consistency.

[0031] Example 2 This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that different batches of samples were tested. Three different batches of samples were tested, and the standard deviation between batches of thermal conductivity was 0.0018 W / (m·K), and the standard deviation between batches of sound insulation was 1.2 dB, both meeting the requirements for engineering applications.

[0032] Comparative Example 1 Traditional flat plate testing methods for the same material only yield a single indicator of thermal conductivity of 0.022 W / (m·K), which cannot assess performance parameters that have a significant impact on practical applications, such as the material's compression resilience and sound insulation performance, nor can they evaluate the batch consistency of the product.

[0033] In summary, the testing method provided by this invention can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the thermal insulation performance of high-efficiency thermal insulation modular composite materials, providing reliable technical support for engineering applications and quality control.

Claims

1. A method for testing the thermal insulation performance of a high-efficiency thermal insulation modular composite material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, The sample is installed in the testing system, which includes a heat source device, a cold source device, a temperature detection device, and a data acquisition and analysis device; the sample is a modular component made of fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material; S2, The thermal conductivity of the sample is measured using the steady-state heat flow meter method or the protective hot plate method; S3, compress the sample to a specified proportion of the initial thickness and hold it for a predetermined time before unloading, measure the thickness recovery rate, calculate the permanent deformation rate, and obtain the compression resilience data; S4, The sound insulation of the sample within a predetermined frequency band is measured using the impedance tube method; S5, measure the thickness and density data of the sample; S6. Based on the thermal conductivity obtained in step S2, the compression resilience data obtained in step S3, the sound insulation data obtained in step S4, and the thickness and density data obtained in step S5, the comprehensive score of thermal insulation performance is calculated through a pre-built comprehensive evaluation model.

2. The test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber-reinforced aerogel composite material includes an aerogel substrate and a fiber reinforcement; the aerogel substrate is prepared by supercritical drying process, and the fiber reinforcement is a needle-punched fiber preform.

3. The test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sample is a detachable insulation sleeve structure, including an inner layer and an outer layer; the inner layer is composed of high silica cloth, aerogel composite material, and high silica cloth in sequence, and the outer layer is composed of flame-retardant silicone cloth, aerogel composite material, and high silica cloth in sequence.

4. The test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The testing system also includes an infrared thermal imaging device.

5. The test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the test temperatures include room temperature (25℃) and high temperature (200℃), and the thermal conductivity values ​​and consistency deviations at each temperature are recorded. The consistency deviation of the thermal conductivity is calculated by measuring multiple samples from different locations in the same batch.

6. The test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the sample is compressed to 50% of its initial thickness, held for 24 hours, unloaded, and the thickness recovery rate is measured within 1 hour.

7. The test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the thickness of the sample is 50 mm, the test frequency range is 500 to 4000 Hz, and the sound insulation value and the consistency deviation between the thickness and the sound insulation value are recorded.

8. The test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, the comprehensive evaluation model adopts a weighted scoring method, wherein the weight coefficients for thermal conductivity, sound insulation, compression resilience, thickness consistency, and density consistency are 0.35, 0.25, 0.20, 0.10, and 0.10, respectively; the scores of each indicator are normalized, and the measured values ​​are compared with the preset target values ​​to obtain the score values.

9. The test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes step S7, which compares the comprehensive score of the thermal insulation performance with a preset threshold to determine the thermal insulation performance level of the sample.

10. The test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes step S8, which evaluates the consistency of multiple batches of samples and calculates the standard deviation of thermal conductivity, sound insulation and thickness of samples at different locations in the same batch and samples from different batches.