A monitoring method and equipment for geomembrane-based connection structures

Abstract

This application relates to the field of geomembrane connection structure technology, and discloses a monitoring method and equipment for a geomembrane-based connection structure, including: laying a flexible cover and geomembrane on top of concrete; embedding HDPE profiles into channel steel to form an anchoring structure, with protrusions on both sides of the HDPE profiles; using bolts to penetrate the flexible cover, geomembrane, and anchoring structure, and fixing the bolts in the concrete to form a multi-layer composite connection structure; deploying a distributed sensor group at preset key locations of the connection structure; after the connection structure is installed, continuously acquiring real-time monitoring data from the sensor group, and comparing the real-time monitoring data with a preset dynamic threshold range and a rate of change threshold; when the monitoring data of a designated sensor exceeds the dynamic threshold range, or the rate of change of the monitoring data exceeds the rate of change threshold, determining the key location corresponding to the designated sensor as a potential risk point, and sending corresponding early warning information based on the potential risk point.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of geomembrane connection structure technology, and in particular to a monitoring method and equipment for geomembrane-based connection structures. Background Technology

[0002] Geomembranes, as a highly efficient seepage-proof material, are widely used in seepage control systems for water conservancy and hydropower projects, landfills, artificial lakes, and other engineering projects. In practical engineering, geomembranes typically require reliable fixation to concrete foundations and anchoring components via connecting structures to resist water pressure, temperature deformation, and localized impact loads. Common connection structure forms include: laying a flexible cover sheet and geomembrane on the concrete surface, using HDPE profiles embedded in channel steel to form an anchoring structure, and then using bolts to press and fix the flexible cover sheet, geomembrane, and anchoring structure together into the concrete, thus forming a multi-layered composite connection node.

[0003] These types of connection structures operate under complex conditions for extended periods, such as the significant water pressure differences at the bottom of large, high-drop reservoirs, pulsating loads caused by water scouring, and concentrated impact forces that may occur in localized areas of the project. Under these conditions, weak points in the connection structure, such as the areas around bolts, the protruding roots of HDPE profiles, and the interface between the flexible cover and concrete, are prone to stress concentration, fatigue damage, or even sudden failure. Once the connection structure fails, the geomembrane may be torn or slipped, causing the entire seepage prevention system to lose its function, leading to leakage accidents with extremely high repair costs and impacting the safe operation of the project.

[0004] Currently, health assessments of such connection structures mainly rely on periodic manual inspections and post-incident testing. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can intelligently identify and monitor vulnerable parts of geomembrane connection structures in real time to extend their service life. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This specification provides one or more embodiments of a monitoring method and device for geomembrane-based connection structures, which is used to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] One or more embodiments of this specification employ the following technical solutions: This specification provides one or more embodiments of a monitoring method for geomembrane-based connection structures, the method comprising: A flexible cover and geomembrane are laid on top of the concrete; An anchoring structure is formed by embedding HDPE profiles into channel steel, and protrusions are provided on both sides of the HDPE profiles. A multi-layered composite connection structure is formed by bolts penetrating the flexible cover, the geomembrane, and the anchoring structure, and fixing the bolts in the concrete. Distributed sensor groups are deployed at predetermined key locations of the connection structure. The sensor groups include at least stress sensors and strain sensors for real-time acquisition of mechanical response data of the connection structure. The predetermined key locations include at least the predetermined area around the bolt, the protruding position of the HDPE profile, and the contact interface between the flexible cover and the concrete. After the connection structure is installed, the real-time monitoring data of the sensor group is continuously acquired, and the real-time monitoring data of the sensor group is compared with the preset dynamic threshold range and rate of change threshold. When the monitoring data of a designated sensor exceeds the dynamic threshold range, or the rate of change of the monitoring data exceeds the rate of change threshold, the key location corresponding to the designated sensor is determined to be a potential risk point, and corresponding early warning information is sent based on the potential risk point.

[0007] It should be noted that this invention utilizes distributed stress-strain sensor arrays deployed at key locations such as around bolts, protruding areas of HDPE profiles, and the interface between the flexible cover and concrete to continuously acquire mechanical response data. By introducing a dual comparison of dynamic threshold ranges and rate-of-change thresholds, the monitoring system can adaptively identify abrupt trends. This allows for the identification of potential risk points and the issuance of early warnings before damage progresses to an irreversible stage. This mechanism transforms traditional passive post-incident inspection into proactive real-time prediction, effectively preventing sudden structural failures due to missed inspections, improving the operational reliability of the geomembrane seepage prevention system, and extending the overall service life of the connection structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the sensor group also includes a temperature sensor and a displacement sensor. The temperature sensor is arranged between the overlapping layer of the flexible cover and the geomembrane, and the displacement sensor is installed at the contact surface between the head of the bolt and the flexible cover, for synchronously collecting temperature change data and relative displacement data.

[0009] It should be noted that by adding a temperature sensor between the flexible cover and the geomembrane composite layer, and installing a displacement sensor at the contact surface between the bolt head and the flexible cover, the present invention can simultaneously collect temperature field and local relative displacement. When the temperature or displacement itself shows an abnormal trend, it can independently trigger an early warning, which can better ensure the long-term stable operation of the seepage prevention system in complex environments.

[0010] Furthermore, a groove is formed between the protrusions on both sides of the HDPE profile, the protrusions of the HDPE profile are located outside the channel steel, and the preset key position also includes the area where the bottom of the groove of the HDPE profile fits with the inner wall of the channel steel, and the perforation edge area when the bolt passes through the flexible cover and the geomembrane.

[0011] It should be noted that the contact area between the bottom of the groove and the inner wall of the channel steel, as well as the bolt hole edge area, are easily overlooked in traditional monitoring schemes. However, these locations are precisely where stress concentration and friction wear are most likely to occur. This invention explicitly includes the contact area between the bottom of the groove and the inner wall of the channel steel, as well as the bolt hole edge area, in preset key locations, enabling the sensor group to cover more comprehensive vulnerable points and significantly improving the monitoring integrity of the connection structure throughout its entire life cycle.

[0012] Furthermore, the early warning information includes the spatial coordinates of the potential risk point, the corresponding sensor number, the type of over-limit parameter, and the over-limit amplitude, and is sent to the remote monitoring platform via a wireless transmission module, triggering a graded alarm on the on-site audible and visual alarm near the connection structure.

[0013] It should be noted that this invention integrates the spatial coordinates, sensor number, type and magnitude of the out-of-limit parameter of the potential risk point into the early warning information, and transmits it to the remote monitoring platform and the on-site audio-visual graded alarm through wireless transmission. This enables maintenance personnel to immediately locate the precise location and abnormal attributes of the risk point, and quickly formulate targeted maintenance plans according to the alarm level. This can reduce the time from anomaly discovery to intervention and improve the efficiency of emergency response.

[0014] Furthermore, the sensor group is arranged at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the connection structure, with at least one stress sensor and one strain sensor configured in each interval segment. In addition, auxiliary sensors are additionally and densely deployed in a preset area around the bolt. The auxiliary sensors include an acceleration sensor and a fiber optic grating sensor, which are used to capture the transient response under local impact load.

[0015] It should be noted that by densely deploying acceleration sensors and fiber optic grating sensors around the bolt, this invention can capture transient response signals under local impact loads in real time, thereby identifying abnormal fluctuations at the moment of impact, avoiding missed damage due to response lag, significantly enhancing the ability to perceive sudden dynamic loads, and improving the safety margin of the connection structure under complex dynamic load conditions.

[0016] Furthermore, the dynamic threshold range and the rate of change threshold are set in segments according to the service stage of the connection structure. The service stage includes the initial break-in period, the stable operation period, and the aging and decay period. Each stage corresponds to a different threshold parameter, and the threshold parameter is automatically updated as the monitoring data accumulates through a Bayesian online learning algorithm.

[0017] It should be noted that this invention sets dynamic threshold ranges and change rate thresholds in segments according to service stages, and uses a Bayesian online learning algorithm to automatically update the threshold parameters as monitoring data accumulates. This ensures that the threshold always matches the current actual load-bearing state of the structure, eliminating the risk of misjudgment caused by stage transitions, significantly improving the accuracy of risk identification, and ensuring that the monitoring strategy remains effective throughout the entire life cycle.

[0018] Furthermore, after identifying the potential risk points, the method further includes: The sensors in the vicinity of the potential risk point are activated to enter high-frequency sampling mode, and historical monitoring data of the corresponding area are retrieved to draw a damage evolution curve. When the slope of the damage evolution curve exceeds a preset slope threshold, an emergency repair command is issued and the corresponding area is marked as an area to be repaired.

[0019] It should be noted that this invention automatically initiates high-frequency sampling of nearby sensors and retrieves historical data to plot damage evolution curves after determining risk points. When the slope of the curve exceeds a preset threshold, an emergency repair command is immediately issued and the area to be repaired is marked. This upgrades discrete early warnings to continuous trend assessment and automatic decision-making, avoiding damage expansion caused by human judgment delays or negligence, and significantly improving the accuracy and proactivity of maintenance response.

[0020] Furthermore, the connection structure is applied to hydraulic structures with large local impact forces in engineering projects. The preset key positions also include the contact line between the protruding root of the HDPE profile and the edge of the channel steel opening, as well as the position of the sealing gasket between the bolt shank and the through hole of the flexible cover plate.

[0021] It should be noted that by adding the contact line between the protruding root of the HDPE profile and the edge of the channel steel opening, as well as the position of the sealing gasket between the bolt shank and the through hole of the flexible cover plate, as preset key positions, the sensor group can cover more vulnerable hidden areas, thereby eliminating the failure to detect key damage caused by monitoring blind spots and further improving the safety monitoring coverage of the connection structure under high impact conditions.

[0022] Furthermore, the early warning information includes a risk level label, which is assessed based on the extent and duration of exceeding the limit. Different levels correspond to different response measures, including increasing the frequency of inspections, limiting the rate of rise and fall of water levels, and immediately shutting down the machine for maintenance.

[0023] It should be noted that this invention assesses risk level labels based on the extent and duration of exceeding limits, and adds differentiated response measures such as inspection frequency, limiting the rate of water level rise and fall, or immediate shutdown for maintenance to match different levels. This enables maintenance personnel to take appropriate measures according to the actual severity of the risk, which can prevent low-risk events from consuming too many maintenance resources or high-risk events from worsening due to insufficient response.

[0024] This specification provides one or more embodiments of a monitoring device based on a geomembrane connection structure, comprising: At least one processor and bus; and, A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, which, when executed by the at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to: A flexible cover and geomembrane are laid on top of the concrete; An anchoring structure is formed by embedding HDPE profiles into channel steel, and protrusions are provided on both sides of the HDPE profiles. A multi-layered composite connection structure is formed by bolts penetrating the flexible cover, the geomembrane, and the anchoring structure, and fixing the bolts in the concrete. Distributed sensor groups are deployed at predetermined key locations of the connection structure. The sensor groups include at least stress sensors and strain sensors for real-time acquisition of mechanical response data of the connection structure. The predetermined key locations include at least the predetermined area around the bolt, the protruding position of the HDPE profile, and the contact interface between the flexible cover and the concrete. After the connection structure is installed, the real-time monitoring data of the sensor group is continuously acquired, and the real-time monitoring data of the sensor group is compared with the preset dynamic threshold range and rate of change threshold. When the monitoring data of a designated sensor exceeds the dynamic threshold range, or the rate of change of the monitoring data exceeds the rate of change threshold, the key location corresponding to the designated sensor is determined to be a potential risk point, and corresponding early warning information is sent based on the potential risk point.

[0025] The above-described at least one technical solution adopted in the embodiments of this specification can achieve the following beneficial effects: This invention utilizes distributed stress-strain sensor arrays deployed at key locations such as around bolts, protruding areas of HDPE profiles, and the interface between the flexible cover and concrete to continuously acquire mechanical response data. By introducing a dual comparison of dynamic threshold ranges and rate-of-change thresholds, the monitoring system can adaptively identify abrupt trends. This allows for the identification of potential risk points and the issuance of early warnings before damage progresses to an irreversible stage. This mechanism transforms traditional passive post-incident inspection into proactive real-time prediction, effectively preventing sudden structural failures due to missed detections, improving the operational reliability of the geomembrane seepage control system, and extending the overall service life of the connection structure. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or prior art of this specification, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this specification. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a monitoring method for a geomembrane-based connection structure provided for one or more embodiments of this specification; Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a monitoring device based on a geomembrane connection structure, provided for one or more embodiments of this specification. Detailed Implementation

[0027] This specification provides a monitoring method and device for connection structures based on geomembranes.

[0028] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this specification, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this specification.

[0029] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates a process for monitoring a geomembrane-based connection structure according to one or more embodiments of this specification. This process can be executed by a connection structure monitoring system. Certain input parameters or intermediate results in the process can be manually adjusted to help improve accuracy.

[0030] The method flow steps of the embodiments in this specification are as follows: S101, a flexible cover and geomembrane are laid on top of the concrete.

[0031] In the embodiments described in this specification, on the already poured concrete base surface, surface scum, oil stains, and accumulated water are first removed to ensure the base layer is dry and flat. Then, the geomembrane is unfolded and laid on top of the concrete, with allowance left at the edges for overlap with subsequent anchoring structures. Next, a flexible cover sheet is placed on top of the geomembrane. The flexible cover sheet is made of a polymer material with good elasticity and weather resistance, and care is taken to ensure complete adhesion to the geomembrane during installation to avoid air bubbles or wrinkles.

[0032] S102, the HDPE profile is embedded in the channel steel to form an anchoring structure, and protrusions are provided on both sides of the HDPE profile.

[0033] In the embodiments described in this specification, an HDPE profile matching the inner dimensions of the channel steel is selected. Symmetrical protrusions are pre-machined on both sides of this profile. The HDPE profile is pushed into the channel steel from one end, ensuring the protrusions are fully exposed on both sides of the channel steel opening. The protrusions and the channel steel flanges form a mechanical lock, preventing the profile from sliding axially under stress. The assembled anchoring structure is then hoisted to a predetermined position and placed in the corresponding area above the flexible cover.

[0034] S103, by inserting bolts through the flexible cover, the geomembrane and the anchoring structure, and fixing the bolts in the concrete, a multi-layered composite connection structure is formed.

[0035] In the embodiments described in this specification, after the anchoring structure is in place, special anti-corrosion bolts can be used to sequentially pass through the pre-drilled holes at the bottom of the flexible cover plate, geomembrane, and channel steel in the anchoring structure. The bolts are then screwed into the embedded sleeves or expansion anchor holes in the concrete, and a specified tightening torque is applied until the bolt heads press firmly against the surface of the flexible cover plate. The spacing and number of bolts are determined according to the design drawings to ensure that the multiple layers of material are uniformly compacted, forming a composite connection node composed of the concrete base layer, geomembrane, flexible cover plate, and anchoring structure.

[0036] S104, a distributed sensor group is deployed at a preset key location of the connection structure. The sensor group includes at least a stress sensor and a strain sensor for real-time acquisition of mechanical response data of the connection structure. The preset key location includes at least a preset area around the bolt, a protruding position of the HDPE profile, and the contact interface between the flexible cover and the concrete.

[0037] In the embodiments described in this specification, after the connection structure is completely fixed, a distributed sensor group can be deployed at the following preset key locations: A circular area is marked around the head of each bolt, and stress sensors and strain sensors are attached or clamped within this area. A set of stress-strain sensors is installed on the contact line between the protruding roots on both sides of the HDPE profile and the edge of the channel steel opening. Near the interface between the flexible cover and the concrete substrate, several sensors are arranged at intervals along the contact interface.

[0038] It should be noted that all sensors can be connected to the data acquisition box on site via shielded cables. The acquisition box has a built-in signal conditioning module and a wireless transmission module, which are responsible for converting analog signals into digital quantities and uploading them to the host computer.

[0039] S105, after the connection structure is installed, the real-time monitoring data of the sensor group is continuously acquired, and the real-time monitoring data of the sensor group is compared with the preset dynamic threshold range and change rate threshold.

[0040] In the embodiments described in this specification, after the connection structure is put into use, the data acquisition system continuously reads the real-time values ​​of each sensor according to a preset sampling frequency. The system pre-stores two types of threshold parameters: a dynamic threshold range, which is determined based on the static load calibration results after the initial installation of the connection structure and allows for online correction based on factors such as ambient temperature and water level changes; and a rate of change threshold, which is the maximum allowable change in monitored data per unit time. After each acquisition, the system compares the current value with the corresponding lower and upper limits of the dynamic threshold range, and simultaneously calculates the data change rate of the most recent sampling periods and compares it with the rate of change threshold.

[0041] S106, when the monitoring data of the designated sensor exceeds the dynamic threshold range, or the rate of change of the monitoring data exceeds the rate of change threshold, the key location corresponding to the designated sensor is determined to be a potential risk point, and corresponding early warning information is sent based on the potential risk point.

[0042] In the embodiments described in this specification, if the current measured value of a sensor is lower than the lower limit or higher than the upper limit of the dynamic threshold range, or if the data change rate of the sensor exceeds a preset change rate threshold, the system immediately marks the critical location corresponding to the sensor as a potential risk point. The system automatically records the spatial coordinates of the risk point, the sensor number, the type of parameter exceeding the limit, and the magnitude of the exceeding limit, and generates an early warning message containing the above information. The early warning message is sent to the remote monitoring platform via a wireless transmission module, and simultaneously triggers a tiered alarm from an audible and visual alarm near the connection structure, reminding on-site personnel to promptly verify and handle the situation.

[0043] It should be noted that this invention utilizes distributed stress-strain sensor arrays deployed at key locations such as around bolts, protruding areas of HDPE profiles, and the interface between the flexible cover and concrete to continuously acquire mechanical response data. By introducing a dual comparison of dynamic threshold ranges and rate-of-change thresholds, the monitoring system can adaptively identify abrupt trends. This allows for the identification of potential risk points and the issuance of early warnings before damage progresses to an irreversible stage. This mechanism transforms traditional passive post-incident inspection into proactive real-time prediction, effectively preventing sudden structural failures due to missed inspections, improving the operational reliability of the geomembrane seepage prevention system, and extending the overall service life of the connection structure.

[0044] Furthermore, the sensor group also includes a temperature sensor and a displacement sensor. The temperature sensor is arranged between the overlapping layer of the flexible cover and the geomembrane, and the displacement sensor is installed at the contact surface between the head of the bolt and the flexible cover, for synchronously collecting temperature change data and relative displacement data.

[0045] It should be noted that after laying the geomembrane and before covering it with the flexible cover, the temperature sensor's probe is attached to the upper surface of the geomembrane and temporarily fixed with water-resistant tape. Then the flexible cover is laid, so that the temperature sensor is completely encapsulated between the two layers of material, avoiding direct interference from external airflow with the temperature measurement accuracy.

[0046] Simultaneously, displacement sensors are installed at the contact surface between the head of each bolt and the flexible cover. Miniature tie-rod type displacement sensors or non-contact eddy current sensors are selected and fixed to the surface of the flexible cover using a dedicated bracket. The sensor probe is aligned with the central axis of the bolt head to ensure sensitive capture of the vertical or horizontal relative displacement of the bolt head relative to the flexible cover. The sensor leads run along the surface of the flexible cover and converge into the same data acquisition box.

[0047] The signal lines of the two types of sensors mentioned above can share the acquisition channel with the stress-strain sensors. The signal conditioning module in the acquisition box synchronously excites and samples all sensors, ensuring that temperature change data and relative displacement data can be recorded on the same time reference as other mechanical response data. The acquired temperature data can be used to correct the temperature drift of the stress-strain readings, while the displacement data directly reflects the degree of relaxation of the bolt preload or the slippage state of the connection interface.

[0048] It should be noted that by adding a temperature sensor between the flexible cover and the geomembrane composite layer, and installing a displacement sensor at the contact surface between the bolt head and the flexible cover, the present invention can simultaneously collect temperature field and local relative displacement. When the temperature or displacement itself shows an abnormal trend, it can independently trigger an early warning, which can better ensure the long-term stable operation of the seepage prevention system in complex environments.

[0049] Furthermore, a groove is formed between the protrusions on both sides of the HDPE profile, the protrusions of the HDPE profile are located outside the channel steel, and the preset key position also includes the area where the bottom of the groove of the HDPE profile fits with the inner wall of the channel steel, and the perforation edge area when the bolt passes through the flexible cover and the geomembrane.

[0050] It should be noted that after completing the sensor deployment at the original preset key locations (the area around the bolts, the protruding parts of the HDPE profile, and the interface between the flexible cover and the concrete), the following two areas will be further included in the monitoring range of the sensor group: First, for the area where the bottom of the groove of the HDPE profile meets the inner wall of the channel steel, micro-thin film stress sensors or strain gauges are attached at intervals along the length of the groove on the interface.

[0051] Before embedding the HDPE profile into the channel steel, apply coupling agent to the corresponding position on the inner wall of the channel steel and attach the sensor. Then push the HDPE profile in, ensuring tight contact between the bottom of the groove and the sensor. The sensor lead wire extends from the end of the channel steel and is properly waterproofed and sealed.

[0052] Second, for the perforation edge area where the bolt passes through the flexible cover and geomembrane, a ring of miniature strain sensors or fiber optic grating sensors is arranged around the perforation opening of each bolt.

[0053] After the bolts are tightened, a layer of flexible epoxy resin is applied to the edges of the perforations on the surface of the flexible cover. The sensor is then circumferentially bonded and fixed, enabling it to sense tensile or shear deformation around the orifice. The sensor leads are routed along the surface of the flexible cover and connected to the data acquisition box.

[0054] The sensor signals at the newly added locations are collected synchronously with the original sensor signals, and all data are aggregated into the same acquisition system to ensure comprehensive monitoring of the mechanical response of key parts of the entire cross-section of the connecting structure.

[0055] It should be noted that the contact area between the bottom of the groove and the inner wall of the channel steel, as well as the bolt hole edge area, are easily overlooked in traditional monitoring schemes. However, these locations are precisely where stress concentration and friction wear are most likely to occur. This invention explicitly includes the contact area between the bottom of the groove and the inner wall of the channel steel, as well as the bolt hole edge area, in preset key locations, enabling the sensor group to cover more comprehensive vulnerable points and significantly improving the monitoring integrity of the connection structure throughout its entire life cycle.

[0056] Furthermore, the early warning information includes the spatial coordinates of the potential risk point, the corresponding sensor number, the type of over-limit parameter, and the over-limit amplitude, and is sent to the remote monitoring platform via a wireless transmission module, triggering a graded alarm on the on-site audible and visual alarm near the connection structure.

[0057] Once the system identifies a critical location corresponding to a specified sensor as a potential risk point, it first extracts the spatial coordinates (i.e., the precise location of the sensor in the 3D model of the connecting structure), sensor number, type of out-of-limit parameter (e.g., stress exceeding the upper limit, strain rate exceeding the limit, etc.), and out-of-limit magnitude (i.e., the degree of deviation between the current measured value and the threshold boundary) of the potential risk point from the database. These fields are then combined into a structured early warning message. The message is then transmitted in encrypted format to the remote monitoring platform via the wireless transmission module integrated within the data acquisition box. Upon receiving the message, the remote monitoring platform automatically parses it, marks the risk point location on an electronic map, and displays detailed information in an alarm window.

[0058] Simultaneously, the data acquisition box outputs a switching signal to a field audible and visual alarm installed near the connection structure. This alarm automatically switches to the corresponding tiered alarm mode based on the magnitude of the exceedance. For example, a small exceedance triggers a flashing yellow light and an intermittent buzzer, while a large exceedance triggers a flashing red light and a continuous high-pitched alarm, thus providing immediate warning to on-site personnel.

[0059] The entire process of generating and sending the aforementioned early warning information is automated, requiring no manual intervention, thus minimizing the time delay from anomaly detection to information delivery.

[0060] It should be noted that this invention integrates the spatial coordinates, sensor number, type and magnitude of the out-of-limit parameter of the potential risk point into the early warning information, and transmits it to the remote monitoring platform and the on-site audio-visual graded alarm through wireless transmission. This enables maintenance personnel to immediately locate the precise location and abnormal attributes of the risk point, and quickly formulate targeted maintenance plans according to the alarm level. This can reduce the time from anomaly discovery to intervention and improve the efficiency of emergency response.

[0061] Furthermore, the sensor group is arranged at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the connection structure, with at least one stress sensor and one strain sensor configured in each interval segment. In addition, auxiliary sensors are additionally and densely deployed in a preset area around the bolt. The auxiliary sensors include an acceleration sensor and a fiber optic grating sensor, which are used to capture the transient response under local impact load.

[0062] It should be noted that after the connection structure is installed and the longitudinal direction is determined, several monitoring sections are divided along this direction at equal intervals. Within each monitoring section, at least one stress sensor and one strain sensor are fixedly installed on the surface of the flexible cover plate or the anchoring structure to ensure that the mechanical response of this section can be independently acquired. The stress sensor and strain sensor can be installed by adhesive or clamping, and the leads are gathered longitudinally to the main cable.

[0063] Based on the aforementioned evenly spaced arrangement, a denser deployment is implemented around a pre-defined area surrounding each bolt. Specifically, an additional accelerometer and a fiber Bragg grating sensor are installed within a ring-shaped area of ​​approximately several centimeters in radius around the head of each bolt. The accelerometer is a small piezoelectric or MEMS type, bonded to the surface of the flexible cover plate or near the bolt washer via a rigid base, enabling it to sensitively detect vibration components perpendicular to the plane of the connected structure. The fiber Bragg grating sensor is attached along the arc direction around the bolt to detect the propagation of local strain waves. The leads of these two auxiliary sensors are connected to a dedicated high-speed channel in the data acquisition box to record transient response waveforms at a sufficiently high sampling rate when local impact loads occur.

[0064] It should be noted that the signal lines of all sensors (including equally spaced stress and strain sensors, as well as densely deployed accelerometers and fiber optic grating sensors) are ultimately converged to the same data acquisition box. The acquisition box provides unified power supply, synchronous triggering, and data storage, ensuring that the time reference of sensors in different locations and of different types is consistent, thereby providing a complete data foundation for the subsequent location and analysis of impact events.

[0065] It should be noted that by densely deploying acceleration sensors and fiber optic grating sensors around the bolt, this invention can capture transient response signals under local impact loads in real time, thereby identifying abnormal fluctuations at the moment of impact, avoiding missed damage due to response lag, significantly enhancing the ability to perceive sudden dynamic loads, and improving the safety margin of the connection structure under complex dynamic load conditions.

[0066] Furthermore, the dynamic threshold range and the rate of change threshold are set in segments according to the service stage of the connection structure. The service stage includes the initial break-in period, the stable operation period, and the aging and decay period. Each stage corresponds to a different threshold parameter, and the threshold parameter is automatically updated as the monitoring data accumulates through a Bayesian online learning algorithm.

[0067] It should be noted that before the connection structure is installed and put into operation, the entire service life of the connection structure can be divided into three consecutive stages based on design expectations or experience from similar projects: the initial break-in period, the stable operation period, and the aging and degradation period. A set of initial dynamic threshold ranges and rate of change threshold parameters are pre-set for each stage and stored in the configuration file of the data acquisition system.

[0068] During system operation, the system initially uses the threshold parameters set during the initial break-in period for monitoring. As the sensor array continuously collects mechanical response data, a Bayesian online learning algorithm runs in the background. This algorithm takes newly arrived monitoring data as input and combines it with the posterior probability distribution from the previous moment to recursively update the statistical characteristics (such as mean, variance, etc.) of the current stage's threshold parameters, thereby automatically adjusting the upper and lower limits of the dynamic threshold range and the value of the rate of change threshold. Each updated parameter takes effect immediately and is used for comparison and judgment in the next round.

[0069] When the system detects a systematic shift in the distribution characteristics of the monitoring data through long-term data statistics (e.g., the mean continuously deviates from the initial baseline and does not return), and this shift meets the preset stage transition criteria, the system automatically switches the service stage identifier to the next stage and loads the initial threshold parameters corresponding to that stage. Subsequently, it continues to run the Bayesian online learning algorithm, continuously optimizing the threshold parameters within the new stage until it enters the aging and decay period and completes the final stage's adaptive threshold adjustment.

[0070] It should be noted that this invention sets dynamic threshold ranges and change rate thresholds in segments according to service stages, and uses a Bayesian online learning algorithm to automatically update the threshold parameters as monitoring data accumulates. This ensures that the threshold always matches the current actual load-bearing state of the structure, eliminating the risk of misjudgment caused by stage transitions, significantly improving the accuracy of risk identification, and ensuring that the monitoring strategy remains effective throughout the entire life cycle.

[0071] Furthermore, once the potential risk point is identified, the sensors in the vicinity of the potential risk point can be activated to enter high-frequency sampling mode, and historical monitoring data of the corresponding area can be retrieved to draw a damage evolution curve. When the slope of the damage evolution curve exceeds a preset slope threshold, an emergency repair command is issued and the corresponding area is marked as an area to be repaired.

[0072] It should be noted that after the system identifies a critical location corresponding to a designated sensor as a potential risk point and issues an early warning, it can first send instructions to all sensors (including stress sensors, strain sensors, temperature sensors, displacement sensors, and acceleration sensors) in the vicinity of the potential risk point, switching their sampling frequency from the normal mode to a high-frequency sampling mode. In high-frequency sampling mode, the sensors collect data at more frequent time intervals to capture rapid changes or transient fluctuations that may occur near the risk point. The system then retrieves all historical monitoring data of the area corresponding to the potential risk point from the local database or remote storage since the installation of the connecting structure. This data is arranged in chronological order, and the system automatically generates a damage evolution curve with time as the horizontal axis and key mechanical parameters (such as stress or strain values) as the vertical axis. This curve reflects the cumulative change trend of the mechanical response in the area over time.

[0073] Subsequently, the system calculates the slope of the tangent line to the damage evolution curve at the current time point in real time and compares this slope with a preset slope threshold. The preset slope threshold is pre-set based on the allowable damage rate of the connection structure and stored in the system configuration file. If the current slope exceeds this threshold, it indicates that the damage is accelerating and is about to reach an uncontrollable state.

[0074] When the slope exceeds the limit, the system automatically generates an emergency repair command. This command includes the spatial coordinates of the potential risk point, its corresponding sensor number, the latest slope value of the damage evolution curve, and a suggested repair timeframe. This command is transmitted wirelessly to the remote monitoring platform, where the area corresponding to the potential risk point is marked as a repair-needed area. The marked area is highlighted in a special color on the monitoring platform's electronic map until the repair is completed and confirmed, at which point the marking is removed.

[0075] It should be noted that this invention automatically initiates high-frequency sampling of nearby sensors and retrieves historical data to plot damage evolution curves after determining risk points. When the slope of the curve exceeds a preset threshold, an emergency repair command is immediately issued and the area to be repaired is marked. This upgrades discrete early warnings to continuous trend assessment and automatic decision-making, avoiding damage expansion caused by human judgment delays or negligence, and significantly improving the accuracy and proactivity of maintenance response.

[0076] Furthermore, the connection structure is applied to hydraulic structures with large local impact forces in engineering projects. The preset key positions also include the contact line between the protruding root of the HDPE profile and the edge of the channel steel opening, as well as the position of the sealing gasket between the bolt shank and the through hole of the flexible cover plate.

[0077] It should be noted that after completing the sensor deployment at the original preset key locations (the area around the bolts, the protruding parts of the HDPE profile, and the interface between the flexible cover and the concrete), for hydraulic structures with high local impact forces, the following two locations will be additionally included in the monitoring range of the sensor group: First, at the contact line between the raised root of the HDPE profile and the edge of the channel steel opening, attach miniature strain sensors or thin-film pressure sensors at intervals along this contact line. Specifically, before embedding the HDPE profile into the channel steel, apply coupling agent to the inside of the channel steel opening edge and attach the sensor there. Then, push the HDPE profile in, ensuring a tight fit between the raised root and the sensor. The sensor lead wire extends from the end of the channel steel and is waterproofed and sealed.

[0078] Second, at the sealing washer location between the bolt shank and the through hole of the flexible cover, an annular strain sensor or fiber Bragg grating sensor is embedded on the circumferential surface of the sealing washer or at the contact surface between the washer and the flexible cover. Specifically, before installing the bolt, the sealing washer is placed on the bolt shank, and the annular thin-film strain sensor is attached to the side of the washer facing the flexible cover. After the bolt is tightened, the sensor is pressed between the washer and the flexible cover, enabling it to detect compression deformation and loosening tendency at this location. The sensor lead is led out along the side of the bolt head and connected to the data acquisition box.

[0079] It should be noted that the sensor signals at the newly added locations are collected synchronously with the existing sensor group, and all data are aggregated into the same acquisition system to ensure that the mechanical response of these hidden contact surfaces can be captured in real time under local impact.

[0080] It should be noted that by adding the contact line between the protruding root of the HDPE profile and the edge of the channel steel opening, as well as the position of the sealing gasket between the bolt shank and the through hole of the flexible cover plate, as preset key positions, the sensor group can cover more vulnerable hidden areas, thereby eliminating the failure to detect key damage caused by monitoring blind spots and further improving the safety monitoring coverage of the connection structure under high impact conditions.

[0081] Furthermore, the early warning information includes a risk level label, which is assessed based on the extent and duration of exceeding the limit. Different levels correspond to different response measures, including increasing the frequency of inspections, limiting the rate of rise and fall of water levels, and immediately shutting down the machine for maintenance.

[0082] It should be noted that after the system identifies potential risk points and generates early warning information, it can comprehensively evaluate the extent and duration of the risk point exceeding the limit. The extent of exceeding the limit refers to the degree of deviation of the current monitored data from the dynamic threshold range, and the duration of exceeding the limit refers to the length of time that deviation persists. Based on preset level classification rules, the system maps the combination of these two dimensions into a risk level label, such as yellow warning, orange warning, and red warning.

[0083] After a risk level label is generated, the system automatically attaches it to the early warning information and sends it to the remote monitoring platform along with the warning message. Simultaneously, the system automatically triggers corresponding response measures based on the risk level label, specifically: When the risk level is a yellow alert, the system sends an instruction to the remote monitoring platform to increase the inspection frequency, notifying on-site maintenance personnel to shorten the daily inspection interval for the area and to pay close attention to the changing trend of the risk point.

[0084] When the risk level is an orange alert, the system, in addition to increasing the inspection frequency, sends a command to the operation control system of the hydraulic structure to limit the rate of water level rise and fall, thereby slowing down the rate of water level change and reducing the additional load on the connection structure.

[0085] When the risk level is red, the system immediately issues an emergency shutdown and maintenance command, requiring the cessation of related operations or the release of water pressure in the area. At the same time, the corresponding area is marked as an area to be repaired, and the maintenance team is notified to arrive on site as soon as possible.

[0086] It should be noted that this invention assesses risk level labels based on the extent and duration of exceeding limits, and adds differentiated response measures such as inspection frequency, limiting the rate of water level rise and fall, or immediate shutdown for maintenance to match different levels. This enables maintenance personnel to take appropriate measures according to the actual severity of the risk, which can prevent low-risk events from consuming too many maintenance resources or high-risk events from worsening due to insufficient response.

[0087] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a monitoring device based on a geomembrane connection structure, provided for one or more embodiments of this specification, includes: At least one processor and bus; and, A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, which, when executed by the at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to: A flexible cover and geomembrane are laid on top of the concrete; An anchoring structure is formed by embedding HDPE profiles into channel steel, and protrusions are provided on both sides of the HDPE profiles. A multi-layered composite connection structure is formed by bolts penetrating the flexible cover, the geomembrane, and the anchoring structure, and fixing the bolts in the concrete. Distributed sensor groups are deployed at predetermined key locations of the connection structure. The sensor groups include at least stress sensors and strain sensors for real-time acquisition of mechanical response data of the connection structure. The predetermined key locations include at least the predetermined area around the bolt, the protruding position of the HDPE profile, and the contact interface between the flexible cover and the concrete. After the connection structure is installed, the real-time monitoring data of the sensor group is continuously acquired, and the real-time monitoring data of the sensor group is compared with the preset dynamic threshold range and rate of change threshold. When the monitoring data of a designated sensor exceeds the dynamic threshold range, or the rate of change of the monitoring data exceeds the rate of change threshold, the key location corresponding to the designated sensor is determined to be a potential risk point, and corresponding early warning information is sent based on the potential risk point.

[0088] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the embodiments of apparatus, devices, and non-volatile computer storage media are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the descriptions are relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0089] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the apparatus embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0090] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0091] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus / network devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus / network device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0092] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0093] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The aforementioned units can be implemented in hardware or software.

[0094] If the integrated module / unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc. It should be noted that the content included in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately added or removed according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media do not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0095] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A monitoring method for connection structures based on geomembranes, characterized in that, The method includes: A flexible cover and geomembrane are laid on top of the concrete; An anchoring structure is formed by embedding HDPE profiles into channel steel, and protrusions are provided on both sides of the HDPE profiles. A multi-layered composite connection structure is formed by bolts penetrating the flexible cover, the geomembrane, and the anchoring structure, and fixing the bolts in the concrete. Distributed sensor groups are deployed at predetermined key locations of the connection structure. The sensor groups include at least stress sensors and strain sensors for real-time acquisition of mechanical response data of the connection structure. The predetermined key locations include at least the predetermined area around the bolt, the protruding position of the HDPE profile, and the contact interface between the flexible cover and the concrete. After the connection structure is installed, the real-time monitoring data of the sensor group is continuously acquired, and the real-time monitoring data of the sensor group is compared with the preset dynamic threshold range and rate of change threshold. When the monitoring data of a designated sensor exceeds the dynamic threshold range, or the rate of change of the monitoring data exceeds the rate of change threshold, the key location corresponding to the designated sensor is determined to be a potential risk point, and corresponding early warning information is sent based on the potential risk point.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor group also includes a temperature sensor and a displacement sensor. The temperature sensor is arranged between the overlapping layer of the flexible cover and the geomembrane, and the displacement sensor is installed at the contact surface between the head of the bolt and the flexible cover, for synchronously collecting temperature change data and relative displacement data.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, A groove is formed between the protrusions on both sides of the HDPE profile. The protrusions of the HDPE profile are located outside the channel steel. The preset key positions also include the area where the bottom of the groove of the HDPE profile fits with the inner wall of the channel steel, and the perforation edge area when the bolt passes through the flexible cover and the geomembrane.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The early warning information includes the spatial coordinates of the potential risk point, the sensor number, the type of over-limit parameter, and the over-limit amplitude. It is sent to the remote monitoring platform via a wireless transmission module and triggers a graded alarm on the on-site audible and visual alarm near the connection structure.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor group is arranged at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the connection structure. At least one stress sensor and one strain sensor are configured in each interval segment. In addition, auxiliary sensors are additionally and densely deployed in the preset area around the bolt. The auxiliary sensors include an acceleration sensor and a fiber optic grating sensor, which are used to capture the transient response under local impact load.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic threshold range and the rate of change threshold are set in segments according to the service stage of the connection structure. The service stage includes the initial break-in period, the stable operation period, and the aging and decay period. Each stage corresponds to a different threshold parameter, and the threshold parameter is automatically updated as the monitoring data accumulates through a Bayesian online learning algorithm.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After identifying the potential risk points, the method further includes: The sensors in the vicinity of the potential risk point are activated to enter high-frequency sampling mode, and historical monitoring data of the corresponding area are retrieved to draw a damage evolution curve. When the slope of the damage evolution curve exceeds a preset slope threshold, an emergency repair command is issued and the corresponding area is marked as an area to be repaired.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection structure is applied to hydraulic structures with large local impact forces. The preset key positions also include the contact line between the protruding root of the HDPE profile and the edge of the channel steel opening, as well as the position of the sealing gasket between the bolt shank and the through hole of the flexible cover.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The warning information includes a risk level label, which is assessed based on the extent and duration of exceeding the limit. Different levels correspond to different response measures, including increasing the frequency of inspections, limiting the rate of rise and fall of water levels, and immediately shutting down the machine for maintenance.

10. A monitoring device based on a geomembrane connection structure, characterized in that, include: At least one processor and bus; as well as, A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, which, when executed by the at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to: A flexible cover and geomembrane are laid on top of the concrete; An anchoring structure is formed by embedding HDPE profiles into channel steel, and protrusions are provided on both sides of the HDPE profiles. A multi-layered composite connection structure is formed by bolts penetrating the flexible cover, the geomembrane, and the anchoring structure, and fixing the bolts in the concrete. Distributed sensor groups are deployed at predetermined key locations of the connection structure. The sensor groups include at least stress sensors and strain sensors for real-time acquisition of mechanical response data of the connection structure. The predetermined key locations include at least the predetermined area around the bolt, the protruding position of the HDPE profile, and the contact interface between the flexible cover and the concrete. After the connection structure is installed, the real-time monitoring data of the sensor group is continuously acquired, and the real-time monitoring data of the sensor group is compared with the preset dynamic threshold range and rate of change threshold. When the monitoring data of a designated sensor exceeds the dynamic threshold range, or the rate of change of the monitoring data exceeds the rate of change threshold, the key location corresponding to the designated sensor is determined to be a potential risk point, and corresponding early warning information is sent based on the potential risk point.

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