Low-voltage power metering device that is easy to wire in the field

Abstract

This invention relates to a low-voltage power metering device that facilitates on-site wiring. The device includes a meter body and connecting wires. The bottom of the meter body has a power transmission end, and the front of the power transmission end has several connectors. One end of the connecting wire has an output plug that engages with the connectors, and the other end has an input clamp for clamping external wires. The input clamp has a U-shaped groove, and elastic clamping portions are provided on both sides of the U-shaped groove. This invention achieves tool-free and rapid fixing of external wires to the input end of the connecting wire, improving the convenience and reliability of on-site wiring. Simultaneously, at the output end of the connecting wire, the meter body and the connecting wire do not require screws or welding, achieving a tool-free, repeatedly pluggable electrical connection. This solves the problems of complex on-site wiring operations, reliance on tools, and difficulty in guaranteeing connection reliability in existing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-voltage power metering wiring technology, and in particular to a low-voltage power metering device that is easy to wire in the field. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of low-voltage electricity metering, with the rapid development of smart grids, higher requirements have been placed on the ease of installation, wiring reliability, and operation and maintenance efficiency of electricity metering devices. When wiring traditional low-voltage electricity metering devices on site, screw crimping or welding is commonly used to fix the wires. Although this wiring method can ensure a certain degree of electrical connection stability, it has significant shortcomings in actual operation, especially in scenarios that require rapid deployment or frequent replacement of electricity meters, such as electricity metering branch boxes in residential communities, industrial parks, and commercial complexes. Traditional wiring methods are inefficient due to their reliance on tools and cumbersome operation, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern power systems for efficient operation and maintenance.

[0003] However, existing low-voltage electricity metering devices lack a technical means to effectively simplify the operation process and achieve tool-free and rapid fixing of wires during on-site wiring. Traditional wiring methods not only require operators to have professional skills but also require the use of corresponding tools. Furthermore, improper torque control during wiring can easily lead to increased contact resistance, or even damage to terminals or wires, thereby affecting the accuracy of electricity metering and the long-term stable operation of the system. Therefore, improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage power metering device that is easy to wire in the field, requires no tools, is simple and quick to operate, and improves the convenience and reliability of field wiring.

[0005] The present invention is implemented using the following scheme: a low-voltage power metering device that is easy to wire on site, comprising a meter body and connecting wires, wherein the bottom of the meter body is provided with a power transmission end, and the front side of the power transmission end is provided with several plug interfaces; one end of the connecting wire is provided with an output plug that is plugged into the plug interface, and the other end of the connecting wire is provided with an input clamp for clamping external wires; the input clamp is provided with a U-shaped groove, and elastic clamping parts are provided on both sides of the U-shaped groove.

[0006] Furthermore, the elastic clamping part is composed of an arc-shaped elastic sheet that bulges towards the center, and the inner side of the arc-shaped elastic sheet is hollowed out to form a clearance groove; the bottom of the U-shaped groove is embedded with a power transmission terminal whose front end forms a conductive contact with the external wire, and the front end of the internal core of the connecting wire is pressed together with the rear end of the power transmission terminal to form electrical conductivity.

[0007] Furthermore, the power transmission end has a power distribution block inside each plug-in interface, and a plug-in post is fixedly connected to the outward end of the power distribution block. The output plug end has a plug-in hole that is plugged in and mated with the plug-in post.

[0008] Furthermore, the output plug is provided with a conductive element inside, the plug hole is formed in the middle of the conductive element, the inner wall of the conductive element is sleeved on the outer surface of the plug block, and the rear end of the inner core of the connecting wire is pressed together with the conductive element to form electrical conductivity.

[0009] Furthermore, both the output plug and the input clamp are insulated structures, and the outer surfaces of the output plug and the input clamp are provided with positioning ribs.

[0010] A reliability assessment method for a low-voltage power metering device that is easy to wire in the field, as described above, is used to address the issue that the elastic clamping force of the arc-shaped elastic sheet will decrease due to material fatigue after repeated insertion and removal. Let the first... During the insertion and extraction process, the insertion force With displacement If the change is such that the mechanical work done in a single insertion is To highlight the impact of recent plugging and unplugging, an exponentially decaying weight is introduced. Weighted average power Compare the average work with the reference work The ratio of [value] to [value] is used as a reliability index, and mapped to the (0,1) interval through an exponential function to obtain the mechanical clamping reliability index. , Value range description: A value closer to 1 indicates that the elastic clamping force remains stable after multiple insertions and removals, and the wire is not easy to come loose; a value closer to 0 indicates that the clamping force is severely weakened or the initial insertion energy is too low. The mechanical clamping reliability index, It is a natural exponential function. This represents the total number of plug-in / plug-out tests. This is the insertion / removal sequence number. For summation, The symbol for definite integral is . This represents the maximum insertion displacement of the wire during a single insertion / removal operation. For the first During the second insertion and removal, the displacement... Changing real-time insertion force, For the displacement differential variable, For reference to mechanical work, This is the insertion / removal attenuation coefficient.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention achieves the effect of quick fixation of external wires to the input end of the connecting wires without the aid of any tools, thus improving the convenience and reliability of on-site wiring; at the same time, at the output end of the connecting wires, the meter body and the connecting wires are connected without screws or welding, achieving a tool-free and repeatedly pluggable electrical connection effect, thereby solving the problems of complex on-site wiring operations, reliance on tools, and difficulty in guaranteeing connection reliability in the prior art.

[0012] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments and related drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting wire structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the power transmission end of the meter body according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the power transmission terminal structure of the connecting wire in an embodiment of the present invention; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Meter body; 2. Control panel; 3. Power transmission end; 4. Plug interface; 5. Output plug; 6. Connecting wire; 7. Input clamp; 8. U-shaped groove; 9. Relief groove; 10. Arc-shaped elastic sheet; 11. Power transmission terminal; 12. Distribution block; 13. Plug post; 14. Plug hole. Detailed Implementation

[0014] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0015] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0016] like Figures 1-4As shown, a low-voltage power metering device that is easy to wire in the field includes a meter body 1 and a connecting wire 3. A control panel 2 is installed on the front side of the meter body 1, and a power transmission terminal 3 is provided at the bottom of the meter body 1. The front side of the power transmission terminal 3 is provided with several plug interfaces 4, specifically three, corresponding to phase A, phase B, and phase C respectively. One end of the connecting wire 6 is provided with an output plug 5 that is plugged into the plug interface, and the other end of the connecting wire is provided with an input clamp 7 for clamping external wires. The input clamp 7 is provided with a U-shaped groove 8, and elastic clamping parts are provided on both sides of the U-shaped groove 8.

[0017] In this embodiment, the elastic clamping part is composed of an arc-shaped elastic sheet 10 that bulges towards the middle, and the inner side of the arc-shaped elastic sheet 10 is hollowed out to form a relief groove 9; the bottom of the U-shaped groove is embedded with a power transmission terminal 11 whose front end makes conductive contact with the external wire, and the front end of the internal core of the connecting wire is pressed together with the rear end of the power transmission terminal 11 to form electrical conductivity.

[0018] The arc-shaped elastic sheet 10 has a semi-circular cross-section, the end of the power transmission terminal 11 is provided with a guide chamfer, the surface of the power transmission terminal 11 is plated with a conductive and anti-oxidation layer, and the connecting wire 6 is a multi-strand copper core flexible wire. In use, the meter body 1 serves as the metering unit, containing a metering module that integrates voltage sampling, current sampling, and energy calculation circuits. The control panel 2 is installed on the front of the meter body 1 to display real-time energy parameters and receive external operation commands. Each connector 4 has a pre-installed conductive connection structure for electrical connection with the output plug of an external connection wire. The operator first inserts the output plug 5 into the connector 4, thus forming a flexible transfer channel from the meter body 1 to the external circuit to be metered.

[0019] When an external conductor (such as a copper core from a current transformer or voltage lead) is clamped into the input clamp 7, the conductor first squeezes the arc-shaped elastic plate 10, causing it to retract into the relief groove 9, thus allowing the conductor to pass smoothly. During clamping, the conductor's axis is perpendicular to the center line of the U-shaped groove, meaning the conductor is inserted vertically. After the conductor is fully inserted, the arc-shaped elastic plate 10 returns to its original position using its own elasticity, gripping the outer wall of the conductor from both sides to form a stable limiting and clamping force, preventing the conductor from accidentally coming out. At this time, the front end of the internal power transmission terminal 11 of the input clamp 7... The power supply terminal 11 forms a conductive contact with the clamped wire, and the rear end of the power supply terminal 11 is electrically connected to the front end of the inner core of the connecting wire 6. Thus, the meter body 1 and the connecting wire 6 can be quickly assembled and disassembled through the plug-in interface 4. The external wire is reliably fixed on the input clamp 7 without tools through the elastic clamping mechanism of the arc groove 8, the clearance groove 9, and the arc elastic sheet 10. The low-resistance electrical connection is then completed through the power supply terminal 11, which improves the convenience of on-site wiring, the reliability of connection and the efficiency of operation.

[0020] In this embodiment, each connector of the power transmission terminal 3 has a power distribution block 12 inside. The power distribution block 12 is connected to the metering module inside the meter body 1 through internal wires. A plug post 13 is fixedly connected to the outward end of the power distribution block 12 to form a male plug end. The output plug end has a plug hole 14 that mates with the plug post to form a female plug end. There are three sets of power distribution blocks 12, which correspond to phase A, phase B, and phase C, respectively. The meter body 1 has a built-in communication module that is wirelessly connected to the backend server. The communication module of the meter body 1 is connected to the concentrator, and the concentrator is connected to the backend server.

[0021] In this embodiment, the output plug is provided with a conductive element. The conductive element adopts an elastic conductive claw or a metal sleeve. The plug hole 14 is formed in the middle of the conductive element. The inner wall of the conductive element is sleeved on the outer surface of the plug block. The rear end of the internal core of the connecting wire is pressed together with the conductive element to form electrical conductivity.

[0022] In this embodiment, both the output plug and the input clamp are insulated structures, and the outer surfaces of the output plug and the input clamp are provided with positioning ribs.

[0023] Each distribution block 12 corresponds to one phase of power supply (such as phase A, phase B, and phase C). The distribution block 12 is made of highly conductive copper and has an internal bus structure for collecting and distributing voltage and current signals from the internal metering circuit of the meter body 1. When the output plug 5 is inserted into the socket 4, the conductive element is simultaneously sleeved on the surface of the plug post 13, so that the outer wall of the plug post 13 and the inner wall of the conductive element form a tight sliding conductive contact. Through the plug-in structure, the distribution block 12, the plug post 13, and the socket 14 together form a fast conductive path from the internal circuit of the meter body 1 to the output plug 5, achieving reliable electrical connection and mechanical alignment without the need for screws or welding. When the output plug 5 is pulled out, the plug post 13 separates from the socket 14, and the electrical circuit is broken. Overall, this setup enables a tool-free, repeatedly pluggable electrical interface between the meter body 1 and the external connecting wires 6, ensuring low contact resistance and stable current carrying capacity while greatly simplifying the on-site wiring process and improving installation and maintenance efficiency.

[0024] A reliability assessment method for a low-voltage power metering device that is easy to wire in the field, as described above, is used to address the issue that the elastic clamping force of the arc-shaped elastic sheet will decrease due to material fatigue after repeated insertion and removal. Let the first... During the insertion and extraction process, the insertion force With displacement If the change is such that the mechanical work done in a single insertion is To highlight the impact of recent plugging and unplugging, an exponentially decaying weight is introduced. Weighted average power Compare the average work with the reference work The ratio of [value] to [value] is used as a reliability index, and mapped to the (0,1) interval through an exponential function to obtain the mechanical clamping reliability index. , Value range description: A value closer to 1 indicates that the elastic clamping force remains stable after multiple insertions and removals, and the wire is not easy to come loose; a value closer to 0 indicates that the clamping force is severely weakened or the initial insertion energy is too low. The mechanical clamping reliability index, It is a natural exponential function. The total number of insertion and removal tests (dimensionless positive integer). The insertion / removal sequence number (from 1 to N). For summation, The symbol for definite integral is . The maximum insertion displacement of the wire during a single insertion / removal (unit: mm). For the first During the second insertion and removal, the displacement... The changing real-time insertion force (unit: N, which can be acquired by a force gauge). For the displacement differential variable, For reference mechanical work (taken as 1 N•mm). is the insertion / removal attenuation coefficient (dimensionless, preferably 0.1).

[0025] Calculate the comprehensive operational efficiency index : The overall performance must simultaneously consider mechanical reliability, electrical quality, and wireless communication stability. A combination of the geometric and harmonic averages of these three factors is employed, using a hyperbolic tangent function to achieve nonlinear fusion. First, the wireless communication factor is defined. Time-weighted average of packet success rate:

[0026] Then By combining them in the form of "vector magnitude normalized dot product", and then mapping them using the logistic function:

[0027] Value range description: A value closer to 1 indicates optimal overall device performance (reliable mechanical clamping, excellent electrical contact, and stable wireless communication); a value closer to 0 indicates a serious defect in at least one dimension, requiring maintenance or replacement.

[0028] To achieve a comprehensive operational efficiency index, It is a natural exponential function. The mechanical clamping reliability index, The electrical contact quality index. For wireless communication reliability factor, In the definition Wireless monitoring duration (unit: seconds). The symbol for definite integral is . For a moment The data packet success rate (dimensionless, ranging from 0 to 1, which can be obtained by statistically analyzing the ACK responses of the wireless module). For reference success rate (taken as 1), Time decay coefficient (unit: (It is recommended to use 0.1). For time variables, It is the square root function.

[0029] Calculate the electrical contact quality index : Contact resistance of three-phase transmission terminals (A, B, C) Over time Fluctuations exist, and recent data better reflects the current state; therefore, exponential time decay is introduced. Define the normalized weighted average resistance of each phase as... Then, sum the results for all three phases. Map this sum to (0,1) using the sigmoid function to obtain the electrical contact quality index:

[0030] Value range description: A value closer to 1 indicates low and stable three-phase contact resistance and excellent electrical connection quality; a value closer to 0 indicates high or fluctuating contact resistance, which may lead to metering errors or overheating.

[0031] The electrical contact quality index. It is a natural exponential function. The phase number is used (1, 2, 3 correspond to phases A, B, and C). For summation, The symbol for definite integral is . Total duration of resistance measurement (in seconds). For the first In time The contact resistance (unit: mΩ, which can be continuously measured using a microohmmeter). Use the reference resistor (1mΩ). Time decay coefficient (unit: (0.05 is recommended). For time variables, This is the normalized offset (dimensionless, taken as 0.5). This is the normalized scaling parameter (dimensionless, set to 0.2).

[0032] Application example: In the on-site installation and maintenance of low-voltage electricity metering devices, traditional meters typically use screw-crimping to connect external wires. Operators must use a screwdriver to tighten each terminal individually, which is not only time-consuming but also requires strict torque control. Insufficient torque can lead to increased contact resistance and overheating, while excessive torque may damage the terminals or wires. Furthermore, when replacing an electricity meter, all wiring screws must be loosened, the wires removed, a new meter installed, and then the wires stripped and crimped again. This entire process requires a power outage, disrupting users' normal electricity supply. In addition, traditional wiring methods lack anti-misinsertion and anti-disconnection mechanisms; on-site vibrations or thermal expansion and contraction can cause wires to loosen, leading to inaccurate metering or safety accidents. To address these issues, this invention provides a low-voltage electricity metering device that facilitates on-site wiring. Its applications include centralized meter reading systems in residential communities, power distribution metering nodes in industrial parks, and electricity metering branch boxes within commercial complexes, making it particularly suitable for environments requiring frequent meter replacements or rapid installation.

[0033] First, the meter body 1 and connecting wire 6 are pre-assembled: The operator takes the meter body 1 out of the packaging and confirms that multiple plug interfaces 4 are opened on the surface of the power transmission end 3 at the bottom. Each plug interface 4 has a pre-installed conductive plug post 13, which is electrically connected to the power distribution block 12 inside the power transmission end 3. The three sets of power distribution blocks 12 correspond to the A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase power supplies, respectively. At the same time, the operator takes out an independent adapter assembly, which is composed of an output plug 5, connecting wire 6, and input clamp 7, which are fixedly connected in sequence. The operator holds the output plug 5, aligns it with the plug interface 4, and pushes it in, so that the inner wall of the plug hole 14 fits against the surface of the plug post 13, until the output plug 5 is fully inserted. At this time, the plug post 13 and the plug hole 14 form a tight sliding conductive contact, thereby completing the electrical connection between the meter body 1 and the adapter assembly. The whole process can be achieved by manual plugging and unplugging without any tools.

[0034] Next, the external conductor is quickly connected to the input clamp 7: The operator strips an appropriate length of insulation from the end of the copper core conductor from the secondary circuit of the current transformer or the voltage lead, exposing the bare copper core; then, holding the input clamp 7, the bare copper core is aligned with the central axis of the arc-shaped groove 8 and clamped in; during clamping, the bare copper core first contacts the arc surface of the arc-shaped elastic sheet 10, which compresses the arc-shaped elastic sheet 10, causing it to elastically contract into the receiving groove 9, thus creating a passage for the bare copper core; as the bare copper core continues to penetrate until its end touches the guide chamfer of the transmission terminal 11, the guide chamfer guides the bare copper core to accurately align with the conductive contact surface of the transmission terminal 11. At this time, the arc-shaped elastic sheet 10 relies on its own elastic reset, pops out of the receiving groove 9, and clamps the outer wall of the bare copper core from both sides, generating a stable radial clamping force. At the same time, the axial limiting effect of the arc-shaped elastic sheet 10 prevents the bare copper core from accidentally coming out. The conductive anti-oxidation layer plated on the surface of the transmission terminal 11 forms a low-resistance contact with the bare copper core. If it is necessary to remove the external wire, the operator only needs to pinch the insulating shell of the input clamp 7 (its outer surface is provided with positioning ribs to increase friction) and pull the wire outward at the same time, so that the bare copper core is squeezed again to compress the arc elastic sheet 10 and can be easily removed.

[0035] Finally, the wireless transmission of metering data and system networking are implemented: Meter body 1 integrates a communication module. After meter body 1 is powered on, this module automatically searches for and registers with pre-deployed concentrator signals in the vicinity. The concentrator and the backend server maintain a long-term connection via Ethernet or 4G network. After meter body 1 completes voltage and current sampling and energy accumulation calculation, its communication module encapsulates the metering data into standard protocol messages and sends them wirelessly to the concentrator. The concentrator aggregates data from multiple meter bodies 1 under its jurisdiction and uploads it uniformly to the backend server. The backend server stores, analyzes, and displays the received data. When the backend server needs to issue time synchronization or parameter configuration commands, the commands are forwarded via the concentrator to the corresponding communication module of meter body 1. The communication module parses the commands and executes the corresponding operations. Throughout the entire process, operators do not need to lay any communication cables on-site; data acquisition and remote control can be completed solely through the built-in wireless communication module of meter body 1. Through the synergistic effect of the above structures, the present invention realizes tool-free elastic clamping and fixing of external wires in the input terminal 7, tool-free plug-and-play connection between the meter body 1 and the adapter component, and wireless remote transmission of metering data, thereby completing the low-voltage power metering function that is convenient for on-site wiring.

[0036] Unless otherwise stated, if any of the technical solutions disclosed in this invention specify a numerical range, then the disclosed numerical range is a preferred numerical range. Anyone skilled in the art should understand that the preferred numerical range is merely one among many feasible numerical values ​​that has a more obvious or representative technical effect. Because there are many numerical values, it is impossible to list them all. Therefore, this invention discloses only some numerical values ​​to illustrate the technical solutions of this invention. Furthermore, the numerical values ​​listed above should not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention.

[0037] If this invention discloses or relates to mutually fixedly connected components or structural parts, then, unless otherwise stated, a fixed connection can be understood as: a detachable fixed connection (e.g., using bolts or screws), or a non-detachable fixed connection (e.g., riveting, welding). Of course, mutually fixed connections can also be replaced by an integral structure (e.g., manufactured in one piece using a casting process) (except where it is obviously impossible to use an integral molding process).

[0038] In addition, unless otherwise stated, the terms used in any of the technical solutions disclosed in this invention to indicate positional relationships or shapes include states or shapes that are similar to, close to, or approximate with those states or shapes.

[0039] Any component provided by this invention can be assembled from multiple individual components or can be a single component manufactured by a one-piece molding process.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-voltage power metering device that is easy to wire in the field, characterized in that: The meter includes a main body and connecting wires. The bottom of the main body is provided with a power transmission end, and the front side of the power transmission end is provided with several plug interfaces. One end of the connecting wire is provided with an output plug that is plugged into the plug interface, and the other end of the connecting wire is provided with an input clamp for clamping external wires. The input clamp is provided with a U-shaped groove, and elastic clamping parts are provided on both sides of the U-shaped groove.

2. The low-voltage power metering device for easy on-site wiring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic clamping part is composed of an arc-shaped elastic sheet that bulges towards the middle, and the inner side of the arc-shaped elastic sheet is hollowed out to form a clearance groove; the bottom of the U-shaped groove is embedded with a power transmission terminal whose front end makes conductive contact with the external wire, and the front end of the internal core of the connecting wire is pressed together with the rear end of the power transmission terminal to form electrical conductivity.

3. The low-voltage power metering device for easy on-site wiring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power transmission end has a power distribution block inside each plug interface, and a plug post is fixedly connected to the outward end of the power distribution block. The output plug end has a plug hole that is plugged in and mated with the plug post.

4. The low-voltage power metering device for easy field wiring as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The output plug has a conductive element inside, the plug hole is formed in the middle of the conductive element, the inner wall of the conductive element is sleeved on the outer surface of the plug block, and the rear end of the inner core of the connecting wire is pressed together with the conductive element to form electrical conductivity.

5. The low-voltage power metering device for easy field wiring as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Both the output plug and the input clamp are insulated structures, and the outer surfaces of the output plug and the input clamp are provided with positioning ribs.

6. A reliability assessment method for a low-voltage power metering device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: After repeated insertion and removal, the elastic clamping force of the arc-shaped elastic sheet will decrease due to material fatigue; assuming the first... During the insertion and extraction process, the insertion force With displacement If the change is such that the mechanical work done in a single insertion is To highlight the impact of recent plugging and unplugging, an exponentially decaying weight is introduced. Weighted average power Compare the average work with the reference work The ratio of [value] to [value] is used as a reliability index, and mapped to the (0,1) interval through an exponential function to obtain the mechanical clamping reliability index. , Value range description: A value closer to 1 indicates that the elastic clamping force remains stable after multiple insertions and removals, and the wire is not easy to come loose; a value closer to 0 indicates that the clamping force is severely weakened or the initial insertion energy is too low. The mechanical clamping reliability index, It is a natural exponential function. This represents the total number of plug-in / plug-out tests. This is the insertion / removal sequence number. For summation, The symbol for definite integral is . This represents the maximum insertion displacement of the wire during a single insertion / removal operation. For the first During the second insertion and removal, the displacement... Changing real-time insertion force, For the displacement differential variable, For reference to mechanical work, This is the insertion / removal attenuation coefficient.

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