A method, system, device, and storage medium for two-round acquisition of hybrid source seismic data.

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of seismic exploration of oil and gas, specifically to a two-round picking method, system, equipment, and storage medium for mixed-source seismic data. The method includes: S1, picking the first arrival jump of explosive source data and picking the first arrival peak of controlled source data; S2, performing first arrival tomography inversion of the near-surface model based on the first arrival jump of the explosive source data and the first arrival peak of the controlled source data to obtain the reference surface static correction; S3, performing minimum phase processing on the controlled source data, picking the first arrival peak of the controlled source data after minimum phase processing, picking the peak of the explosive source data, and calculating the remaining static correction for the first arrival. This invention considers the phase difference between the two sources, first picking the true first arrival time to ensure the accuracy of the tomography inversion results, and simultaneously ensuring the in-phase consistency of the superimposed seismic data from the two sources, laying a solid foundation for subsequent data processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic exploration of oil and gas, specifically to a method, system, equipment, and storage medium for two-round acquisition of hybrid source seismic data. Background Technology

[0002] In the exploration areas of the Tarim Oilfield, such as Kuqa and southwestern Tarim, a hybrid source construction strategy is mostly adopted in seismic exploration. This strategy mainly combines the advantages of terrain characteristics and source technology. Specifically, in the same three-dimensional acquisition area, if it is a flat area, a controlled source is used, while in areas with complex terrain and where source vehicles are difficult to pass, an explosive source is used. However, the seismic record characteristics produced by these two types of sources are not the same: the seismic record of the explosive source is small phase, while the seismic record of the controlled source is zero phase.

[0003] To unify the processing of these two types of seismic data with different characteristics, the current first-arrival picking strategy in production is to first convert controllable source data into small-phase data, and then pick the starting point for both types of source data. This strategy is called "one-round" first-arrival picking. The purpose of the "one-round" picking strategy is to pick more accurate first-arrival times that reflect the true geological information.

[0004] However, in actual processing, due to the large difference in the dominant frequency of the first arrival wavelet between shots, and the corresponding decrease in the dominant frequency as the shot-receiver distance increases within the same shot, the starting point after the small phase processing of the controlled source does not always correspond to the "true" first arrival time, thus introducing errors and affecting the accuracy of subsequent first arrival tomography inversion.

[0005] In addition, when the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial arrival data is low, picking up the take-off time becomes particularly difficult, which not only increases the picking error, but also affects the effect of the initial arrival residual static correction, making it difficult to achieve the same relative alignment of data from different sources and different shot points. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems mentioned in the prior art, this invention proposes a two-round picking method, system, device, and storage medium for hybrid source seismic data. For both controllable and explosive sources, the true first arrival time can be picked up, meeting the needs of high-precision modeling. It also ensures that after the controllable source undergoes small phase processing, the controllable source and the explosive source are superimposed in phase during the first arrival residual static correction stage.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention discloses a two-round picking method for hybrid source seismic data, comprising the following steps: S1, pick up the first arrival and start of the explosive source data, and pick up the first arrival and peak of the controllable source data; S2. Based on the initial arrival jump of the explosive source data and the initial arrival peak of the controllable source data, perform initial arrival tomography inversion of the near-surface model to obtain the static correction amount of the reference surface. S3. Perform minimum phase processing on the controllable source data to obtain the controllable source data after minimum phase processing; pick the first arrival peak of the controllable source data after minimum phase processing and the first arrival peak of the explosive source data; S4. Based on the first arrival peak of the controllable source data after minimum phase processing and the first arrival peak of the explosive source data, the first arrival residual static correction amount is obtained. S5. Add the initial static correction amount to the static correction amount of the reference surface to obtain the final static correction amount.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, before performing S1, seismic data is acquired, including original single-shot records of explosive sources and original single-shot records of controlled sources.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, linear correction is performed on the original single-shot records of the explosive source and the original single-shot records of the controllable source.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, after obtaining the high-speed top interface determined based on the near-surface model interaction, the static correction amount of the reference surface is calculated.

[0011] As a further improvement to the present invention, the specific process of S4 is as follows: First arrival time model is established statistically in the common center point domain. The first arrival peaks of the controllable source data after minimum phase processing and the first arrival peaks of the explosive source data are merged. The merged data is input into the first arrival time model. The difference between the actual first arrival time and the first arrival time in the first arrival time model is decomposed into surface consistency to obtain the first arrival residual static correction.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the first arrival peak of the controllable source data after minimum phase processing and the peak of the explosive source data are superimposed in phase.

[0013] A two-round picking system for hybrid source seismic data includes: The initial pickup module is used to pick up the initial arrival and start of explosive source data, and to pick up the initial arrival and peak of controllable source data. The initial correction module is used to perform initial tomography inversion of the near-surface model based on the initial arrival jump of the explosive source data and the initial arrival peak of the controllable source data, and to obtain the static correction amount of the reference surface. The secondary pickup module is used to perform minimum phase processing on the controllable source data to obtain the controllable source data after minimum phase processing; and to pick the first arrival peak of the controllable source data after minimum phase processing and the first arrival peak of the explosive source data. The secondary correction module obtains the initial arrival residual static correction amount based on the initial arrival peak of the controllable source data after minimum phase processing and the initial arrival peak of the explosive source data. The summation module is used to add the initial and remaining static correction amount to the reference surface static correction amount to obtain the final static correction amount.

[0014] A two-round picking system for hybrid source seismic data, wherein the initial picking module acquires data based on the data in the seismic data.

[0015] A device for two-round acquisition of hybrid source seismic data includes a processor and a memory, wherein the processor executes a computer program stored in the memory to implement the two-round acquisition method for hybrid source seismic data as described above.

[0016] A computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the two-round picking method for hybrid source seismic data as described above.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves the following technical effects: This invention takes into account the phase difference of the first arrival time in the records of the explosive source and the controlled source. In order to meet the requirement of the "true" first arrival time for tomographic inversion, a strategy of picking up the start-up with the explosive source and picking up the peak with the controlled source is adopted, which ensures the accuracy of the first arrival time required in the tomographic inversion process.

[0018] To meet the requirements of superposition and offset in-phase superposition in subsequent seismic data processing, this invention picks the peak of the explosive source and performs small phase processing on the controllable source signal before picking the peak, which effectively improves the in-phase performance of the seismic data and lays the foundation for subsequent data processing.

[0019] This invention ensures high accuracy of the inversion model while also ensuring the in-phase superposition of the first arrival residual static corrections, thereby improving the processing quality of mixed source data in complex exploration areas and bringing more accurate and efficient data processing methods to the field of seismic exploration. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram comparing wavelet data before and after the minimum phase reduction processing of the controllable source data according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the observation system and quality control of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram comparing the seismic data before and after linear correction according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the initial pickup process of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the secondary pickup method of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional original common-shot distance record of a certain point in the Kuche work area, Keshen 6, in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of static correction values ​​using existing techniques. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of static correction values ​​using the method of this invention; Figure 10 The image shows the superimposed effect after calculating the static correction using existing technology; Figure 11 The image shows the superimposed effect after calculating the static correction using the method of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0022] The two types of seismic records in this invention, one from an explosive source and the other from a controlled source, have different first-arrival times. The controlled-source record is derived from the cross-correlation between the scanning signal and the recorded signal, with the first peak representing the true first-arrival time. Existing single-round picking schemes assume that after the controlled-source record is phase-scaled, the peak becomes the initial jump. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the left and right figures are comparisons of wavelets before and after minimum phase processing of controllable source data, respectively. The results of the minimum phase processing of wavelets from three controllable sources with different dominant frequencies are shown. After the minimum phase processing, wavelets a, b, and c become wavelets d, e, and f. As can be seen from the figures, wavelet a has a higher dominant frequency, and after the minimum phase processing, its peak position becomes the starting point. However, for wavelet b, after the minimum phase processing, the original peak becomes the position of the first wavelet at 45°. For wavelet c, the error is even greater, and the peak becomes the position of the first wavelet at 90°.

[0023] This is because the small phase conversion factor is derived from the scanning signal. Theoretically, it is applicable to wavelets that have not undergone absorption and attenuation. However, in actual data, as the shot-receiver distance increases, the dominant frequency of the first arrival wavelet gradually decreases. Here, wavelets a, b, and c come from the near shot-receiver distance (200 meters), the medium shot-receiver distance (3000 meters), and the far shot-receiver distance (6000 meters), respectively. Wavelet a has almost no absorption and attenuation, and its dominant frequency is high, so the small phase conversion effect is thorough. However, the dominant frequencies of wavelets b and c are low, and the lower the dominant frequency, the greater the error after small phase conversion. Therefore, picking up the start time after small phase conversion cannot guarantee picking up the true first arrival time of the controllable source.

[0024] Therefore, based on the above problems, this invention proposes a two-round picking method for hybrid source seismic data. Compared with the single-round picking in the prior art, this invention uses two rounds of picking, which makes the final static correction value more accurate.

[0025] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a two-round picking method for hybrid source seismic data, comprising the following steps: S1, pick up the first arrival and start of the explosive source data, and pick up the first arrival and peak of the controllable source data; S2. Based on the initial arrival jump of the explosive source data and the initial arrival peak of the controllable source data, perform initial arrival tomography inversion of the near-surface model to obtain the static correction amount of the reference surface. S3. Perform minimum phase processing on the controllable source data to obtain the controllable source data after minimum phase processing; pick the first arrival peak of the controllable source data after minimum phase processing and the first arrival peak of the explosive source data; S4. Based on the first arrival peak of the controllable source data after minimum phase processing and the first arrival peak of the explosive source data, the first arrival residual static correction amount is obtained. S5. Add the initial static correction amount to the static correction amount of the reference surface to obtain the final static correction amount.

[0026] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: In this embodiment, the required seismic data is first obtained through the observation system, and an SPS file corresponding to the observation system is prepared. The SPS file includes original single-shot records from explosive sources and original single-shot records from controlled sources, as well as other information. Appropriate processing software is selected to read and apply the SPS file, and the seismic data required in this embodiment is read from the SPS file, such as... Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the solid line represents the shot-receiver distance.

[0027] Linear correction is performed on seismic data, such as Figure 4 As shown, the top image is the data before linear correction, and the bottom image is the data after linear correction. After linear correction, the time window is reduced, and the data from the explosive source and the controlled source are picked up. According to the well depth, the data from the explosive source and the controlled source are separated into two files, with the file format being segy.

[0028] The first arrival and take-off times of explosive source data are picked up, and the first arrival peaks of controllable source data are picked up, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the left figure is a schematic diagram of the data picking start of explosive source, and the right figure is a schematic diagram of the data picking peak of controllable source. The figures show the "true" first arrival times of the two types of sources, which are used for subsequent tomographic inversion and near-surface modeling.

[0029] The first arrival time of explosive source data and the first arrival peak time of controllable source data are combined. In this embodiment, the two types of source data are unprocessed raw data with high accuracy, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent inversion. A near-surface model is obtained using tomographic inversion technology. First, based on the surface geological features and known geological information, an initial model of the near-surface structure is established and the inversion parameters are set. The combined data is then input into the system. Using the first arrival time information, the velocity model is continuously updated through the inversion algorithm, and the near-surface model is obtained after iteration. The high-velocity top interface is determined based on the trend of the near-surface model, and the static correction amount of the reference surface is calculated.

[0030] The controlled-source seismic data is subjected to minimum phase processing. The first arrival peaks are then picked from the minimum phase processed controlled-source seismic data. For explosive data, peaks are picked, such as... Figure 6 The diagram shows a secondary pickup pattern of the present invention. The left diagram is a pickup peak pattern of the explosive source, and the right diagram is a pickup peak pattern after the controllable source has undergone minimum phase processing.

[0031] By merging the two peak times in the above steps to calculate the remaining static correction, the goal of "in-phase" alignment is achieved, resulting in higher accuracy of the subsequent remaining static correction. In this embodiment, the common center point refers to the set of seismic channels from different shot points and receiver points but reflecting from the same underground point in the seismic data. In the common center point domain, by statistically analyzing a large number of seismic channels, a first arrival time model reflecting the characteristics of the underground structure can be established. The first arrival peaks of the controlled source data after minimum phase processing and the first arrival peaks of the explosive source data are merged, and the merged time is the actual first arrival time. The actual first arrival time is compared with the corresponding time in the first arrival time model to calculate the difference. The difference is then decomposed into the first arrival static correction of the shot point and the first arrival static correction of the receiver point. The first arrival static correction is added to the reference surface static correction in the above steps to obtain the final static correction.

[0032] Implementation, for example Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown in the figure, the superposition effect after the final static correction amount after two rounds of picking in this invention eliminates the layering problem in the middle of the cross section, thus significantly improving the superposition effect.

[0033] This embodiment takes Keshen 6 in Kuqa work area as an example. Figure 7 The image shows the original common shot distance record of a certain 3D source in the Kuqa work area, Keshen 6. As shown in the figure, channel a and the channel to its left are explosive sources, while channel b and the channel to its right are controllable source data after small phase conversion. It can be seen that the channels in the record are obviously misaligned with each other, indicating that there is a static correction problem. Figure 8A schematic diagram of static correction calculation using existing technology shows that inter-track misalignment has been reduced, but the static correction problem has not been completely solved. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of calculating the static correction amount using the method of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the inter-channel misalignment is significantly reduced, and the first arrival wavelets are basically aligned along a velocity trend, thus solving the static correction problem.

[0034] Compared with existing technologies, this invention takes into account the phase difference between the two sources and the error of the controllable source small phase processing. At the same time, it provides accurate first arrival time for first arrival tomography inversion, ensuring the accuracy of the inverted near-surface model. In addition, it ensures that the residual static correction of the first arrival can be superimposed in phase, improving the imaging effect of horizontal superposition and migration.

[0035] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a two-round picking system for hybrid source seismic data. Since the principle of this two-round picking system for hybrid source seismic data is similar to that of the aforementioned two-round picking method for hybrid source seismic data, the implementation of this two-round picking system for hybrid source seismic data can refer to the implementation of the two-round picking method for hybrid source seismic data, and the repeated parts will not be described again.

[0036] In specific implementation, the hybrid source seismic data two-round acquisition system provided in this embodiment of the invention specifically includes: The initial pickup module is used to pick up the initial arrival and start of explosive source data, and to pick up the initial arrival and peak of controllable source data. The initial correction module is used to perform initial tomography inversion of the near-surface model based on the initial arrival jump of the explosive source data and the initial arrival peak of the controllable source data, and to obtain the static correction amount of the reference surface. The secondary pickup module is used to perform minimum phase processing on the controllable source data to obtain the controllable source data after minimum phase processing; and to pick the first arrival peak of the controllable source data after minimum phase processing and the first arrival peak of the explosive source data. The secondary correction module obtains the initial arrival residual static correction amount based on the initial arrival peak of the controllable source data after minimum phase processing and the initial arrival peak of the explosive source data. The summation module is used to add the initial and remaining static correction amount to the reference surface static correction amount to obtain the final static correction amount.

[0037] Accordingly, this embodiment of the invention also provides a two-round acquisition device for hybrid source seismic data, including a processor and a memory, wherein the processor executes a computer program stored in the memory to implement the two-round acquisition method for hybrid source seismic data as provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0038] For more detailed information on the above methods, please refer to the relevant content disclosed in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0039] Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for two-round picking of hybrid source seismic data as provided in embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the systems, devices, and storage media disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0041] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0042] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented directly by hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software module can be located in random access memory (RAM), main memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0044] The above provides a detailed description of the method, system, equipment, and storage medium for two-round acquisition of hybrid source seismic data provided by this invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A two-round picking method for hybrid source seismic data, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, pick up the first arrival and start of the explosive source data, and pick up the first arrival and peak of the controllable source data; S2. Based on the initial arrival jump of the explosive source data and the initial arrival peak of the controllable source data, perform initial arrival tomography inversion of the near-surface model to obtain the static correction amount of the reference surface. S3. Perform minimum phase processing on the controllable source data to obtain the controllable source data after minimum phase processing; Pick the first arrival peaks of the controllable source data and the explosive source data after minimum phase processing; S4. Based on the first arrival peak of the controllable source data after minimum phase processing and the first arrival peak of the explosive source data, the first arrival residual static correction amount is obtained. S5. Add the initial static correction amount to the static correction amount of the reference surface to obtain the final static correction amount.

2. The method for two-round picking of hybrid source seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before proceeding with S1, seismic data is acquired, including raw single-shot records from explosive sources and raw single-shot records from controlled sources.

3. The method for two-round picking of hybrid source seismic data according to claim 2, characterized in that, Linear corrections were performed on the original single-shot records of explosive sources and the original single-shot records of controlled sources.

4. The method for two-round picking of hybrid source seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, after obtaining the high-speed top interface based on the near-surface model interaction, the static correction amount of the reference surface is calculated.

5. The method for two-round picking of hybrid source seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of S4 is as follows: First arrival time model is established statistically in the common center point domain. The first arrival peaks of the controllable source data after minimum phase processing and the first arrival peaks of the explosive source data are merged. The merged data is input into the first arrival time model. The difference between the actual first arrival time and the first arrival time in the first arrival time model is decomposed into surface consistency to obtain the first arrival residual static correction.

6. The method for two-round picking of hybrid source seismic data according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first arrival peaks of the controlled source data after minimum phase processing and the peaks of the explosive source data are superimposed in phase.

7. A two-round picking system for hybrid source seismic data, characterized in that, include: The initial pickup module is used to pick up the initial arrival and start of explosive source data, and to pick up the initial arrival and peak of controllable source data. The initial correction module is used to perform initial tomography inversion of the near-surface model based on the initial arrival jump of the explosive source data and the initial arrival peak of the controllable source data, and to obtain the static correction amount of the reference surface. The secondary pickup module is used to perform minimum phase processing on the controllable source data to obtain the controllable source data after minimum phase processing; and to pick the first arrival peak of the controllable source data after minimum phase processing and the first arrival peak of the explosive source data. The secondary correction module obtains the initial arrival residual static correction amount based on the initial arrival peak of the controllable source data after minimum phase processing and the initial arrival peak of the explosive source data. The summation module is used to add the initial and remaining static correction amount to the reference surface static correction amount to obtain the final static correction amount.

8. The hybrid source seismic data two-round acquisition system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The initial picking module acquires data based on the seismic data.

9. A device for two-round acquisition of hybrid source seismic data, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, wherein the processor executes a computer program stored in the memory to implement the two-round picking method for hybrid source seismic data as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, Used to store a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the two-round picking method for hybrid source seismic data as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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