A continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system

Abstract

This invention discloses a continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system, relating to the field of graphitization technology. This continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system includes: an acquisition and preprocessing module for acquiring graphitization process monitoring data and performing time-series compilation and preprocessing; a monitoring correspondence locking module for identifying the target material segment's monitoring affiliation and locking its correspondence; a heating history reliability judgment module for characterizing the actual heating history and judging its reliability; a segmented maturity acceptance judgment module for judging segmented adjustment needs and generating adjustment strategies; and a closed-loop execution module for implementing directional closed-loop control. This system solves the problem that existing systems typically use fixed-point temperature signals as feedback, but under conditions of continuous material movement, morphological changes, and surface agitation, the monitored values ​​are difficult to stably correspond to the actual heating state of the same material segment, easily leading to misalignment in closed-loop control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of graphitization technology, specifically a continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop regulation system. Background Technology

[0002] Continuous microwave graphitization technology belongs to the interdisciplinary field of high-temperature carbon material heat treatment and process control, and is mainly applied to continuous heat treatment scenarios for anode materials, graphite materials, and other carbon-based materials. With the increasing demands from the new energy battery industry for the degree of graphitization, consistency, and continuous production capacity of anode materials, adopting continuous operation to achieve high-temperature graphitization has become an important direction for the development of related equipment. Compared with traditional intermittent high-temperature furnaces, continuous graphitization equipment can improve production cycle time and production line connectivity under conditions of continuous material feeding, continuous heating, and continuous discharge. Compared with conventional external heat transfer methods, microwave heating has the advantages of faster heating response, continuous process, and easy integration of equipment control components, thus attracting attention in continuous graphitization equipment. Existing continuous microwave graphitization systems are typically equipped with heating units, conveying units, monitoring units, and control units. Through online acquisition of temperature, radiation, power, conveying status, and related operating parameters, the graphitization process is monitored and feedback is adjusted to maintain the heat treatment state and process cycle time during continuous operation. Meanwhile, under continuous operation conditions, the material is in a state of continuous propulsion, continuous heating and continuous change, and process monitoring and closed-loop control have gradually become a basic technical component of continuous microwave graphitization equipment.

[0003] For example, the invention patent with announcement number CN119757937B discloses a method, device, terminal equipment, and storage medium for monitoring the performance of a graphitization furnace. It acquires current, voltage, electrode, and power information through electrical detection equipment connected to the graphitization furnace's electrical circuit, and acquires temperature information using temperature detection equipment installed in the furnace. Based on the current and voltage information, a first heating efficiency is determined using a preset heating model, and a second heating efficiency is determined based on the temperature information. When the difference between the first and second heating efficiencies exceeds a preset threshold, a target temperature field distribution is determined based on the electrode information. A heating efficiency network is constructed using the power information, further determining a control strategy for adjusting the pressure and gas in the graphitization furnace. This achieves the monitoring, comparison, and regulation control of the graphitization furnace's heating efficiency.

[0004] For example, the invention patent with publication number CN110257959B discloses a continuously processed carbon fiber microwave graphitization device, including a microwave heating cavity, a microwave source, a carbon fiber filament feeding roller, and a carbon fiber filament take-up roller. The microwaves generated by the microwave source are fed into the microwave heating cavity from the side. An inlet gas dynamic sealing device and an outlet gas dynamic sealing device are respectively provided on both sides of the microwave heating cavity. A protective gas inlet pipe is connected between the microwave heating cavity and the inlet gas dynamic sealing device, and a protective gas air-cooling pipe is connected between the microwave heating cavity and the outlet gas dynamic sealing device. The carbon fiber filament bundle passes through the inlet gas dynamic sealing device, the microwave heating cavity, and the outlet gas dynamic sealing device in sequence and is then wound up by the take-up roller. It also includes a microwave control unit, which monitors the incident power and reflected power of the microwave heating cavity in real time and adjusts the output power of the microwave source according to the reflected power. The temperature measuring device uses a non-contact laser-aimed infrared thermometer to measure the temperature, realizing microwave graphitization heating, power adjustment, and temperature monitoring of carbon fibers under continuous conveying conditions.

[0005] While existing graphitization technologies can achieve heating efficiency monitoring, temperature detection, power regulation, and continuous microwave heating operation, current solutions primarily focus on furnace operating parameters, heating efficiency assessment, or equipment-level power control. They lack detailed processing of the correspondence between monitoring signals and specific material segments under continuous conveying conditions. Especially under conditions of continuous material propulsion, changing material layer morphology, and surface agitation, temperature, radiation, or power feedback information obtained from fixed monitoring locations cannot stably represent the true heating state of the same material segment. This can easily lead to inconsistencies between monitoring judgments and subsequent adjustments, thus affecting the monitoring accuracy, targeted adjustments, and process consistency in continuous microwave graphitization.

[0006] Therefore, in order to address the above problems, there is an urgent need for a continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the above problems, this invention provides a continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system. This system solves the problem that existing systems typically use fixed-point temperature signals as feedback quantities, but under conditions of continuous material propagation, morphological changes, and surface agitation, the monitored values ​​are difficult to stably correspond to the actual heating state of the same material segment, which can easily lead to misalignment of the closed-loop control.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is: a continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop regulation system, comprising: an acquisition and preprocessing module for acquiring graphitization process monitoring data of the continuous microwave graphitization process and performing time-series compilation and preprocessing; a monitoring-correspondence locking module for performing dynamic attribution locking analysis based on graphitization process monitoring data, and identifying and locking the monitoring attribution of target material segments according to the results of the dynamic attribution locking analysis; a heat history credibility discrimination module for performing heat history credibility decoupling analysis on graphitization process monitoring data, and characterizing the real heat history and judging the credibility state according to the results of the heat history credibility decoupling analysis; a segmented maturity acceptance discrimination module for performing segmented maturity acceptance coupling analysis on the energy acceptance state, maturity evolution state and propulsion coordination state of the target material segment, and judging segmented regulation needs and generating regulation strategies according to the results of the segmented maturity acceptance coupling analysis; and a closed-loop execution module for implementing directional closed-loop control of the microwave generator output power and blade speed according to the segmented regulation need discrimination and regulation strategy generation results.

[0009] Furthermore, the specific process for collecting graphitization process monitoring data in the continuous microwave graphitization process is as follows: a data access link is established around the feeding, propulsion, heating, monitoring, and slow cooling connection processes of the continuous microwave graphitization furnace, and graphitization process monitoring data is accessed in real time. The graphitization process monitoring data includes: feed mass flow rate data, feed timestamp data, blade rod rotation angle data, blade rod speed data, heating section inlet surface temperature data, heating section monitoring window surface temperature data, heating section monitoring window surface thermal radiation intensity data, slow cooling end inlet surface temperature data, monitoring sampling timestamp data, slow cooling end inlet position data, microwave generator output power data, microwave generator reflection power data, material layer thickness data, and conveying drive motor current data.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific process of time-series compilation and preprocessing is as follows: The graphitization process monitoring data undergoes unified timestamp alignment and duplicate data removal; the blade rod rotation angle data, blade rod speed data, feed mass flow rate data, and conveyor drive motor current data undergo state continuity verification; abnormal jumps in the graphitization process monitoring data are removed by jointly judging the difference amplitude between adjacent sampled values ​​and the statistical range of the sliding window; burr smoothing is performed on the heating section inlet surface temperature data, heating section monitoring window surface temperature data, heating section monitoring window surface thermal radiation intensity data, slow cooling end inlet surface temperature data, microwave generator output power data, microwave generator reflection power data, material layer thickness data, and conveyor drive motor current data using a continuous sampling smoothing method; and the feed mass flow rate data and blade rod rotation angle data are smoothed using an adjacent sampling point completion method. The following data were processed to complete missing information: blade rotation speed data, heating section inlet surface temperature data, heating section monitoring window surface temperature data, slow cooling end inlet surface temperature data, monitoring sampling timestamp data, microwave generator output power data, microwave generator reflected power data, material layer thickness data, and conveyor drive motor current data. The following data were also processed using an in-furnace position correspondence method to ensure proper furnace position correspondence: feed mass flow rate data, blade rotation angle data, blade rotation speed data, heating section inlet surface temperature data, heating section monitoring window surface temperature data, slow cooling end inlet surface temperature data, and slow cooling end inlet position data. The graphitization process monitoring data were standardized using a Z-score standardization algorithm. Finally, the feed mass flow rate data, blade rotation angle data, and heating section monitoring window surface thermal radiation intensity data were normalized using a maximum / minimum value normalization algorithm.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific process of dynamic attribution locking analysis based on graphitization process monitoring data is as follows: Acquire surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window, surface temperature data of the heating section inlet, material layer thickness data, surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window, microwave generator output power data, microwave generator reflected power data, conveyor drive motor current data, and blade rod speed data. Call the acquisition and preprocessing module to complete the preprocessing of the corresponding data for participating in the calculation of the corresponding locking value. Divide the difference between the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window and the surface temperature data of the heating section inlet by the material layer thickness data plus 1, square the result, add 1, and take the reciprocal to obtain the temperature-thickness constraint term. Calculate the ratio of the microwave generator output power data to the sum of the microwave generator reflected power data, conveyor drive motor current data, blade rod speed data, and 1 to obtain the power load reduction term. Calculate the absolute value of the difference between the surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window and the power load reduction term, take the opposite number, and perform exponential operation to obtain the radiation power matching term. Calculate the product of the temperature-thickness constraint term and the radiation power matching term to obtain the corresponding locking value.

[0012] Furthermore, the specific process of identifying the target material segment's monitoring attribution and locking the corresponding relationship based on the dynamic attribution locking analysis results is as follows: Real-time comparison of the monitoring corresponding locking value and the monitoring corresponding locking threshold: When the monitoring corresponding locking value is less than the monitoring corresponding locking threshold, it is determined that there is a risk of monitoring object switching or apparent disturbance superposition in the current monitoring window, and the direct driving of the microwave generator output power and blade rod speed for the current sampling period and the next k consecutive sampling periods is suppressed to perform closed-loop adjustment, so as to maintain the current microwave generator output power and blade rod speed unchanged; When the monitoring corresponding locking value is greater than or equal to the monitoring corresponding locking threshold, it is determined that the correspondence between the current monitoring window and the current monitored material segment remains continuous, and the current target material segment is locked.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific process of performing a reliable decoupling analysis of the heating history of the graphitization process monitoring data is as follows: The material section advancement time difference is calculated by using the time difference between the feed timestamp data and the monitoring sampling timestamp data; the net microwave absorption is calculated by using the difference ratio between the microwave generator output power data and the microwave generator reflected power data; the material layer thickness data is calculated by using the coefficient of variation of the sliding window to obtain the material layer fluctuation; the propulsion and tumbling disturbance is calculated by using the blade rod rotation angle data, blade rod speed data, and conveyor drive motor current data through phase crossing statistics and current fluctuation amplitude; the heating section inlet surface temperature data and the heating section monitoring window... The thermal response gain is calculated by multiplying the surface temperature data of the inlet and the surface thermal radiation intensity data of the monitoring window of the heating section by the temperature rise ratio and the radiation gain. The propulsion absorption coupling term is obtained by multiplying the sum of the material section advancement time difference and 1 with the result of the microwave net absorption index. The propulsion absorption coupling term is divided by the sum of the material layer fluctuation and the propulsion tumbling disturbance and 1, and the result is increased by 1 and the natural logarithm is taken to obtain the logarithmic compression term of the heating history. The difference between the thermal response gain and the microwave net absorption is squared, increased by 1, and the reciprocal is taken to obtain the thermal response absorption consistency term. The product of the logarithmic compression term of the heating history and the thermal response absorption consistency term is calculated to obtain the reliability value of the heating history.

[0014] Furthermore, the specific process for characterizing the real heating process and judging the reliable state based on the reliable decoupling analysis results of the heating process is as follows: Real-time comparison of the reliable value and the reliable threshold of the heating process: When the reliable value of the heating process is less than the reliable threshold of the heating process, the output power of the microwave generator is not directly adjusted based on the instantaneous deviation of the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window relative to the surface temperature data of the heating section inlet within the current sampling period. Instead, the output power of the microwave generator in the main heating action zone corresponding to the current target material section is maintained. The main heating action zone is the furnace body section along the material conveying direction, from the starting position of the heating section inlet to the starting position of the slow cooling end inlet. The output level of the previous sampling period is maintained unchanged, and the blade rod speed is adjusted down by one control step according to the adjustment step n. Based on the material section advancement time difference and microwave net The surface response of the current target material segment is corrected based on the absorption amount, material layer fluctuation amount, propulsion and tumbling disturbance amount, and thermal response gain amount to obtain the heating state result of the target material segment. The heating state result of the target material segment is then sent to the segment maturity acceptance judgment module. When the reliability value of the heating history is greater than or equal to the reliability threshold of the heating history, the surface response of the current target material segment is correspondingly processed based on the surface temperature data of the heating section inlet, the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window, the surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window, the output power data of the microwave generator, the reflected power data of the microwave generator, the material layer thickness data, the blade rod rotation angle data, the blade rod speed data, and the conveyor drive motor current data to obtain the heating state result of the target material segment. The heating state result of the target material segment is then sent to the segment maturity acceptance judgment module.

[0015] Furthermore, the specific process of segmented maturity coupling analysis of the energy receiving status, maturity evolution status, and propulsion coordination status of the target material segment is as follows: The cumulative heat absorption is calculated by integrating the net microwave absorption and the material segment propulsion time difference through a time window; the boundary temperature drop offset is calculated by the temperature drop rate difference between the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window, the inlet surface temperature data of the slow cooling end, and the material segment propulsion time difference; the maturity fluctuation is calculated by the standard deviation of the target material segment's heating status results through a sliding window; the feed rate within the corresponding time interval is calculated by the feed mass flow rate data and the material segment propulsion time difference; and the material layer thickness data and blade rotation speed are analyzed. The data calculation yields the surface advance change within the corresponding time interval. The ratio of the feed rate to the surface advance change is then used to calculate the advance acceptance ratio. An exponential operation is performed on the accumulated heat. One is added to the exponential result, and the natural logarithm is taken to obtain the accumulated heat logarithm term. An inverse hyperbolic sine operation is performed on the sum of the boundary temperature drop offset and the maturity fluctuation, and one is added to obtain the boundary fluctuation suppression term. The absolute value of the difference between the advance acceptance ratio and 1 is calculated, and one is added to it, then the reciprocal is taken to obtain the advance acceptance constraint term. The accumulated heat logarithm term is divided by the boundary fluctuation suppression term to obtain the maturity acceptance base term. The product of the maturity acceptance base term and the advance acceptance constraint term is calculated to obtain the segmented maturity acceptance value.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific process of determining segmented adjustment needs and generating adjustment strategies based on the segmented maturity acceptance coupling analysis results is as follows: The monitoring position corresponding to the current target material segment is determined through time-series advancement position mapping calculation based on the feeding timestamp data, blade rod rotation angle data, blade rod speed data, and material segment advancement time difference. The segmented maturity acceptance value and segmented maturity acceptance threshold are compared in real time. When the segmented maturity acceptance value is less than the segmented maturity acceptance threshold and the monitoring position corresponding to the current target material segment is within the main heating action zone, it is determined that the segmented acceptance status of the current target material segment has not met the requirements. When the ratio of accumulated heat to boundary temperature drop offset does not reach the acceptance ratio benchmark value 'a', a power increase command and a deceleration adjustment command are generated and sent to the closed-loop execution module. When the maturity fluctuation continuously increases over two consecutive sampling periods and the single-period increase exceeds the growth threshold r, while the carrying ratio deviates from the carrying range b, a power reduction command and an acceleration adjustment command are generated and sent to the closed-loop execution module. When the segmented maturity carrying value is less than the segmented maturity carrying threshold and the current target material segment's corresponding monitoring position enters the end of the main heating action range and approaches the slow cooling end inlet position, it is determined that the current target material segment is in a boundary connection disturbance state, a boundary suppression command is generated and sent to the closed-loop execution module. When the segmented maturity carrying value is greater than or equal to the segmented maturity carrying threshold, it is determined that the current target material segment meets the segmented carrying requirements, the current microwave generator output power and blade rod speed are maintained, and a keep-run command is sent to the closed-loop execution module.

[0017] Furthermore, the specific process of implementing directional closed-loop control of the microwave generator output power and blade speed based on the segmented adjustment demand discrimination and adjustment strategy generation results is as follows: The microwave generator output power and blade speed are controlled according to the maintain operation command, power increase command, power decrease command, acceleration adjustment command, deceleration adjustment command, and boundary suppression command. When the maintain operation command is received, the heating intensity and propulsion rhythm of the current heating section are maintained continuously. When the power increase command, power decrease command, acceleration adjustment command, and deceleration adjustment command are received, the adjustment action is applied to the main heating range where the current target material section is located. When the boundary suppression command is received, the natural temperature drop at the inlet of the slow cooling end is prohibited from being fed back to the heating compensation action of the main heating range. After execution, the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window, the surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window, the surface temperature data of the slow cooling end inlet, the microwave generator output power data, the blade speed data, and the conveyor drive motor current data are continuously sent back to the acquisition and preprocessing module, forming a continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop adjustment link. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1This is a structural diagram of a continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system according to the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a contour plot showing the combined effect of microwave net absorption and thermal response gain on the reliability value of the heating process in this invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the reliable values ​​and key parameters of the heating process under different working conditions of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the instruction receiving and execution control process of the closed-loop execution module of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments. The description in this part is only exemplary and explanatory, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention in any way.

[0023] Please see Figures 1-4 This invention provides a technical solution: a continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop regulation system, comprising: an acquisition and preprocessing module for acquiring graphitization process monitoring data of the continuous microwave graphitization process and performing time-series compilation and preprocessing; a monitoring-correspondence locking module for performing dynamic attribution locking analysis based on graphitization process monitoring data, and identifying and locking the monitoring attribution of target material segments according to the dynamic attribution locking analysis results; a heat history credibility discrimination module for performing heat history credibility decoupling analysis on graphitization process monitoring data, and characterizing the real heat history and judging the credibility state according to the heat history credibility decoupling analysis results; a segmented maturity acceptance discrimination module for performing segmented maturity acceptance coupling analysis on the energy acceptance state, maturity evolution state and propulsion coordination state of the target material segment, and judging segmented regulation needs and generating regulation strategies according to the segmented maturity acceptance coupling analysis results; and a closed-loop execution module for implementing directional closed-loop control of the microwave generator output power and blade speed according to the segmented regulation need discrimination and regulation strategy generation results.

[0024] Specifically, the process for collecting graphitization process monitoring data in a continuous microwave graphitization process is as follows: A data access link is established around the feeding, propulsion, heating, monitoring, and slow cooling processes of the continuous microwave graphitization furnace. Online data collection is performed by detection units located at corresponding workstations, and real-time graphitization process monitoring data is accessed. This graphitization process monitoring data includes: feed mass flow rate data, feed mass flow rate data collected by the feed end flow detection unit, feed timestamp data, feed timestamp data obtained by the feed trigger recording unit, blade rod rotation angle position data, blade rod rotation angle position data collected by the blade rod position detection unit, blade rod speed data, blade rod speed detection unit, heating section inlet surface temperature data, heating section inlet temperature detection unit, heating section monitoring window surface temperature data, and heating section monitoring window temperature detection unit. The data collected by the measurement unit includes: surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window; surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window; surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window; surface temperature data of the slow cooling end inlet; surface temperature data of the slow cooling end inlet; monitoring sampling timestamp data; monitoring sampling timestamp data obtained by the monitoring sampling recording unit; slow cooling end inlet position data; slow cooling end inlet position data obtained by the furnace body position calibration unit; microwave generator output power data; microwave generator output power data collected by the microwave power detection unit; microwave generator reflection power data; microwave generator reflection power data collected by the reflection power detection unit; material layer thickness data collected by the material layer thickness detection unit; and conveyor drive motor current data collected by the conveyor drive current detection unit. The monitoring window is a continuous sampling time interval corresponding to the surface temperature data and surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window. The length of the monitoring window is determined by the time interval between two adjacent samplings of the heating section monitoring sensor and the single propulsion cycle of the blade rod. The time length corresponding to three to five consecutive sampling cycles is taken to ensure that a complete blade propulsion process or a local surface overturning process can be covered within the same window.

[0025] This implementation plan enables continuous perception and unified characterization of the entire process of target material segment operation in a continuous microwave graphitization furnace, from entry, propulsion, heating to slow cooling. This allows graphitization process monitoring data to form a complete, continuous, and traceable process observation foundation under the same time reference and location correspondence. It improves the comparability, synchronization, and matching of monitoring information between different workstations, and provides stable data support for subsequent monitoring and locking, reliable judgment of heating history, segmented maturity acceptance judgment, and closed-loop execution control. This is conducive to improving the monitoring consistency, status identification accuracy, and adjustment response reliability in the continuous microwave graphitization process.

[0026] Specifically, the time-series compilation and preprocessing process is as follows: The graphitization process monitoring data undergoes unified timestamp alignment and duplicate data removal to ensure that monitoring results from different workstations and sampling sources can establish a correspondence under the same time reference, reducing the superposition interference of duplicate records on subsequent judgment results; The blade rod rotation angle data, blade rod speed data, feed mass flow rate data, and conveyor drive motor current data undergo state continuity verification to ensure that the propulsion rhythm state, feed response state, and conveyor load state remain continuously traceable, used to identify whether there is an interruption in the propulsion rhythm, loss of feed response synchronization, or sudden change in conveyor load between adjacent sampling times; The difference amplitude between adjacent sampling values ​​and the sliding window statistical range are used to... Anomaly jumps in the graphitization process monitoring data are removed through a combined discrimination process, eliminating abnormal sampling points that significantly deviate from the continuous operation pattern and reducing the impact of sudden jumps on subsequent calculation results. A continuous sampling smoothing method is used to smooth the surface temperature data at the heating section inlet, the surface temperature data at the heating section monitoring window, the surface thermal radiation intensity data at the heating section monitoring window, the surface temperature data at the slow cooling end inlet, the microwave generator output power data, the microwave generator reflected power data, the material layer thickness data, and the conveyor drive motor current data, suppressing local instantaneous spike fluctuations and improving the stability of continuous monitoring results. An adjacent sampling point completion method is used to smooth the feed mass flow rate data, blade rod rotation angle data, and blade... Missing data such as blade rotation speed, heating section inlet surface temperature, heating section monitoring window surface temperature, slow cooling end inlet surface temperature, monitoring sampling timestamp data, microwave generator output power data, microwave generator reflected power data, material layer thickness data, and conveyor drive motor current data are filled in to ensure the monitoring sequence remains continuous and complete even under short-term missing measurement conditions. Furthermore, the feed mass flow rate data, blade rotation angle data, blade rotation speed data, heating section inlet surface temperature data, heating section monitoring window surface temperature data, slow cooling end inlet surface temperature data, and slow cooling end inlet position data are processed using an in-furnace position correspondence method to ensure that monitoring results collected from different workstations can be correlated with... The advancement position of the same target material section; the Z-score standardization algorithm is used to standardize the graphitization process monitoring data, eliminating the differences in numerical scale and dimensional form of different monitoring quantities, so that the relevant data of temperature, power, current, speed and material layer thickness have a unified basis for comparison; the maximum and minimum value normalization algorithm is used to normalize the feed mass flow rate data, blade rod rotation position data and heating section monitoring window surface thermal radiation intensity data, mapping the corresponding data to a unified numerical range, reducing the direct influence of the original dimensions and value span on the subsequent calculation results, so as to ensure that the relevant parameters in the subsequent formula calculation are dimensionless quantities, and enabling monitoring data from different sources to be jointly represented and coupled in the same calculation expression.

[0027] This implementation plan achieves time-series unification, location correspondence, state verification, and dimensional regularization of graphitization process monitoring data. This enables multi-source monitoring results during the feeding, propulsion, heating, monitoring, and slow cooling processes to form a continuous, comparable, and jointly calculable data foundation under the same time reference, the same target material segment location logic, and the same numerical basis. This improves the synchronicity, correspondence, stability, and consistency of graphitization process monitoring data, reduces the interference of rhythm interruptions, response out-of-sync, load abrupt changes, and dimensional differences on subsequent judgment results, and provides reliable dimensionless input for calculating monitoring-corresponding lock values, heating history reliability values, and segmented maturity acceptance values. This is beneficial for improving the analytical accuracy and closed-loop control reliability of the continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system.

[0028] Specifically, the process of dynamic attribution locking analysis based on graphitization process monitoring data is as follows: acquire surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window, surface temperature data of the heating section inlet, material layer thickness data, surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window, microwave generator output power data, microwave generator reflected power data, conveyor drive motor current data, and blade rod speed data; call the acquisition and preprocessing module to perform unified timestamp alignment, furnace position correspondence organization, state continuity verification, standardization processing, and normalization processing on the acquired data; and calculate the corresponding locking value based on the processed corresponding data.

[0029] The difference between the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window and the surface temperature data of the heating section inlet is divided by the material layer thickness data plus 1. The result is squared, then 1 is added, and the reciprocal is taken to obtain the temperature-thickness constraint term. The temperature-thickness constraint term is used to characterize the stability of the current surface thermal response for the target material section under the current material layer thickness condition. Adding 1 to the material layer thickness data is used to avoid the denominator from becoming unstable when the material layer thickness data is too small or close to zero. Squared the difference ratio result is used to eliminate the difference between positive and negative directions and strengthen the characterization of the deviation degree. Adding 1 to the squared result and taking the reciprocal is used to compress the temperature-thickness constraint term to a bounded range and reduce the amplification effect of local jumps on the result. The ratio of the microwave generator output power data to the sum of the microwave generator reflected power data, the conveyor drive motor current data, the blade rod speed data, and 1 is calculated to obtain the power load reduction term. The sum of the microwave generator reflected power data, the conveyor drive motor current data, and the blade rod speed data with 1 is used to construct the load reduction denominator. A constant 1 is introduced into the denominator to avoid the denominator being zero and to maintain the continuity of the fraction. The absolute value of the difference between the surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window and the power load reduction term is taken as its opposite and then exponentially calculated to obtain the radiation power matching term. The radiation power matching term characterizes the degree of matching between the current thermal radiation response and the microwave injection and transmission state. Taking the absolute value of the difference is used to uniformly characterize the deviation magnitude, and taking the opposite of the absolute value and then exponentially calculating it is used to construct a matching response that continuously decays as the deviation increases, thereby strengthening the deviation penalty and suppressing noise disturbances. The product of the temperature thickness constraint term and the radiation power matching term is calculated to obtain the corresponding monitoring lock value. The product form is used to ensure that the temperature thickness constraint term and the radiation power matching term jointly participate in the construction of the corresponding monitoring lock value, so that any deviation of either term can directly affect the corresponding monitoring lock value. Since all the data involved in the calculation are dimensionless data processed by the acquisition and preprocessing module, the temperature thickness constraint term, the power load reduction term, the radiation power matching term, and the final corresponding monitoring lock value are all dimensionless quantities. The smaller the corresponding monitoring lock value, the more likely the current monitoring window is to be affected by the switching of the monitoring object or the superposition of apparent disturbances. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0030] ;

[0031] In the formula: This indicates the corresponding lock value, used to characterize the degree of lock between the current monitoring window and the target material segment; This represents the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window, used to characterize the surface thermal response within the current monitoring window; This represents the surface temperature data at the inlet of the heating section, used to characterize the temperature state of the material entering the front end of the heating zone; This indicates the thickness of the material layer. This represents the surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window, used to characterize the radiation response level within the current monitoring window; This represents the output power data of the microwave generator, used to characterize the current microwave injection level; This represents the reflected power data of the microwave generator, used to characterize the state of reflected energy that is not currently absorbed by the material; This represents the current data of the drive motor, used to characterize the current state of the conveying load; This represents the blade rod rotation speed data, used to characterize the current propulsion rhythm state.

[0032] In this embodiment, continuous monitoring data from the stable operation phase and the disturbance phase of the continuous microwave graphitization furnace are compared and analyzed. Using the monitoring sampling timestamp data as a benchmark, corresponding lock-in values ​​are calculated for the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window, the surface temperature data of the heating section inlet, the material layer thickness data, the surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window, the output power data of the microwave generator, the reflected power data of the microwave generator, the current data of the conveyor drive motor, and the blade rotation speed data. Specifically, during the phase where the target material section continuously advances and the material layer state is relatively stable, the corresponding lock-in values ​​remain within a relatively stable range. During the blade advancement phase... During stages that cause enhanced surface agitation, increased material layer thickness fluctuations, or switching of the material segment corresponding to the monitoring window, the corresponding lock value shows a continuous decrease or a sudden drop. By comparing the blade rod rotation angle data, conveyor drive motor current data, and surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window within the corresponding time period, it can be seen that the range of decrease in the corresponding lock value has a consistent trend with the range of occurrence of the monitoring object switching event and the apparent disturbance superposition event. This indicates that the corresponding lock value can effectively characterize the degree of lock-in between the current monitoring window and the target material segment, and can provide a basis for judgment for subsequent closed-loop regulation suppression and diversion.

[0033] This implementation scheme achieves quantitative locking and continuous verification of the correspondence between the current monitoring window and the target material segment. This prevents the surface temperature data and surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating segment monitoring window from directly participating in closed-loop regulation as isolated apparent signals. Instead, they form a consistent judgment result for the target material segment after combining the material layer thickness, microwave injection status, reflected energy status, conveying load status, and propulsion rhythm status. This improves the accuracy and continuity of the monitoring signal's pointing to the actual heated object, reduces the risk of misjudging the monitored object caused by material layer fluctuations, load changes, and local apparent deviations, and provides a reliable basis for locking the target material segment for subsequent reliable determination of the heating process. This is beneficial for improving the monitoring correspondence accuracy and regulation targeting of the continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop regulation system.

[0034] Specifically, the process of identifying the target material segment's monitoring attribution and locking its corresponding relationship based on the dynamic attribution locking analysis results is as follows: Real-time comparison of the monitoring corresponding locking value and the monitoring corresponding locking threshold:

[0035] When the corresponding locked value is less than the corresponding locked threshold, it is determined that there is a risk of switching of the monitored object or the risk of superposition of apparent disturbances in the current monitoring window. The output power of the microwave generator and the speed of the blade rod are directly driven by the current sampling period and the next k consecutive sampling periods for closed-loop adjustment. k represents the number of suppression periods, which is determined by rounding up the ratio of the single propulsion period of the blade rod to the sampling period of the monitoring window. At the same time, the amplitude is limited by the continuous fluctuation of the feed mass flow rate data. The value of k is an integer from 1 to 5. The current output power of the microwave generator and the speed of the blade rod are kept unchanged. The data corresponding to the current monitoring window is sent to the heat process reliability judgment module for further correction as the target material segment is not locked.

[0036] When the corresponding locked value is greater than or equal to the corresponding locked threshold, it is determined that the correspondence between the current monitoring window and the current monitored material segment remains continuous, the current target material segment is locked, and the data corresponding to the current monitoring window is sent to the heating process reliability judgment module as the locked target material segment.

[0037] This implementation scheme achieves online screening and diversion control to determine whether the correspondence between the current monitoring window and the target material segment is stable. Monitoring results with risks of monitoring object switching or apparent disturbance superposition will not directly drive the microwave generator output power and blade speed for closed-loop adjustment. Instead, they will first enter the subsequent correction and judgment process to maintain consistency between the adjustment action and the heating state of the target material segment. For monitoring results with a continuous correspondence, the target material segment is locked and the subsequent heating process is reliably judged. This improves the continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system's ability to isolate abnormal monitoring states and accept valid monitoring states, which helps reduce the risk of closed-loop adjustment misalignment and enhances process control stability.

[0038] Specifically, the process of performing a reliable decoupling analysis of the heating history of the graphitization process monitoring data is as follows: The material segment advancement time difference is calculated by using the time difference between the feed timestamp data and the monitoring sampling timestamp data. The feed timestamp data is then subtracted from the monitoring sampling timestamp data corresponding to the same target material segment to obtain the time difference value from the feed time to the current monitoring time for that target material segment. The net microwave absorption is calculated by using the difference ratio between the microwave generator output power data and the microwave generator reflected power data. First, the difference between the microwave generator output power data and the microwave generator reflected power data is calculated, and then this difference is divided by the microwave generator output power data to obtain the net microwave absorption. The material layer thickness data is calculated using the sliding window coefficient of variation to obtain the material layer fluctuation. The sliding window coefficient of variation is derived from the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of the material layer thickness data within a continuous sliding window. When the material layer thickness change is small, the sliding window coefficient of variation is close to 0; when the material layer thickness fluctuation increases, the sliding window coefficient of variation increases accordingly. The value range of the sliding window coefficient of variation is a real number greater than or equal to 0. The material layer thickness data is analyzed according to the sampling order. A series of sliding windows of fixed length are divided. The standard deviation and mean are calculated for each sliding window. The coefficient of variation of the sliding window is obtained by dividing the standard deviation by the mean. This coefficient of variation is used as the material layer fluctuation. The propulsion tumbling disturbance is obtained by calculating the propulsion tumbling disturbance through phase crossing statistics and current fluctuation amplitude of the blade rod rotation position data, blade rod speed data, and conveyor drive motor current data. First, the number of phase crossings in adjacent sampling periods is counted based on the blade rod rotation position data. Then, the current fluctuation amplitude in the corresponding time interval is calculated based on the conveyor drive motor current data. The number of phase crossings and the current fluctuation amplitude are combined with the blade rod speed data to obtain the propulsion tumbling disturbance. The thermal response gain is obtained by multiplying the heating section inlet surface temperature data, heating section monitoring window surface temperature data, and heating section monitoring window surface thermal radiation intensity data by the product of temperature rise ratio and radiation gain. First, the temperature rise ratio of the heating section monitoring window surface temperature data and the heating section inlet surface temperature data is calculated. Then, the radiation gain corresponding to the heating section monitoring window surface thermal radiation intensity data is calculated. The thermal response gain is obtained by multiplying the temperature rise ratio and radiation gain.

[0039] The propulsion absorption coupling term is obtained by multiplying the sum of the material segment advancement time difference and 1 with the microwave net absorption exponent. Adding 1 to the material segment advancement time difference ensures the time term can continuously participate in the calculation even when the advancement process is short. The microwave net absorption is exponentially calculated to enhance the sensitivity of the response to changes in net absorption in the coupling result. The product form is used to jointly express the advancement process length and the microwave net absorption level, ensuring that changes in either one synchronously affect the propulsion absorption coupling term. Dividing the propulsion absorption coupling term by the sum of the material layer fluctuation, the propulsion overturning disturbance, and 1, adding 1 to the result, and taking the natural logarithm, yields the logarithmic compression term of the heating process. Placing the material layer fluctuation and the propulsion overturning disturbance in the denominator suppresses response distortion caused by surface disturbances. Adding 1 to the denominator prevents fractional instability when the material layer fluctuation and propulsion overturning disturbance are small. Adding 1 to the result and taking the natural logarithm compresses the numerical span of the propulsion absorption coupling term under different disturbance conditions, avoiding local amplification that leads to excessive sensitivity in subsequent calculations. The difference between the thermal response gain and the net microwave absorption is squared, incremented by 1, and the reciprocal is taken to obtain the thermal response absorption consistency term. The difference between the thermal response gain and the net microwave absorption characterizes the degree of consistency between the surface thermal response and the actual microwave absorption state. Squaring the difference eliminates differences in positive and negative directions and highlights the magnitude of the deviation. Incrementing the square by 1 and taking the reciprocal is used to construct a consistency constraint that continuously decreases as the deviation increases, so that the closer the thermal response gain and the net microwave absorption are, the closer the thermal response absorption consistency term is to 1. The logarithmic compression term of the heating history is calculated and used to determine the thermal response absorption consistency term. The product of the terms yields the reliable value of the heating history. This product form is used to ensure that the cumulative characteristics of the heating history, represented by the logarithmic compression term, and the surface response consistency characteristics, represented by the thermal response absorption consistency term, both participate in the final result construction. This ensures that any deviation in either term directly lowers the reliable value of the heating history. Since the material segment advancement time difference, net microwave absorption, material layer fluctuation, advancement tumbling disturbance, and thermal response gain are all dimensionless, the advancement absorption coupling term, the logarithmic compression term of the heating history, the thermal response absorption consistency term, and the reliable value of the heating history are also dimensionless. The specific calculation formulas are as follows:

[0040] ;

[0041] In the formula: This represents the reliability value of the heating process, used to characterize the reliability of the mapping between the surface response of the current target material segment and the actual heating process; It represents the material segment advancement time difference, used to characterize the advancement process of the target material segment from entering the continuous microwave graphitization furnace to the current monitoring time; It represents the net microwave absorption, used to characterize the net level of effect of the current microwave injected energy absorbed by the material; It represents the amount of material layer fluctuation, used to characterize the degree of discrete fluctuation of the current material layer morphology during continuous advancement; It represents the amount of propulsion tumbling disturbance, used to characterize the intensity of surface tumbling and transport disturbance caused by the propulsion action of the blades; This represents the thermal response gain, used to characterize the degree of enhancement of the surface thermal response of the current monitoring window relative to the inlet thermal state.

[0042] In this embodiment, Table 1 is an example data table for calculating the reliability value of the heating process. It records in detail the material segment advancement time difference, net microwave absorption, material layer fluctuation, advancement and tumbling disturbance, thermal response gain, and the reliability value of the heating process calculated by the reliability discrimination formula of the heating process under different working conditions during the continuous microwave graphitization process. It is used to quantitatively evaluate whether the surface temperature response collected in the current monitoring window can continuously represent the real heating process of the corresponding target material segment. Specifically: In the ideal steady-state scenario, the material segment advancement time difference is 0.10, net microwave absorption is 0.60, material layer fluctuation is 0.02, advancement tumbling disturbance is 0.05, thermal response gain is 0.59, and the reliability value of the heating history is 0.68; in the advancement fluctuation scenario, the material segment advancement time difference is 0.50, net microwave absorption is 0.58, material layer fluctuation is 0.05, advancement tumbling disturbance is 0.10, thermal response gain is 0.55, and the reliability value of the heating history is 0.45; in the scenario with increased tumbling, the material segment advancement time difference is 0.12, net microwave absorption is 0.55, and the material layer fluctuation is... The material segment advancement time difference for the material layer abrupt change scenario is 0.15, the net microwave absorption is 0.53, the material layer fluctuation is 0.70, the advancement disturbance is 0.12, the thermal response gain is 0.51, and the heat-bearing history confidence value is 0.22. The material segment advancement time difference for the coupling mismatch scenario is 0.10, the net microwave absorption is 0.70, the material layer fluctuation is 0.03, the advancement disturbance is 0.06, the thermal response gain is 0.25, and the heat-bearing history confidence value is 0.28.

[0043] Table 1 Example data table for calculating the confidence value of the thermal history.

[0044]

[0045] like Figure 2The figure shows a contour plot illustrating the combined influence of net microwave absorption and thermal response gain on the reliability value of the heating history. This plot was drawn under the conditions of a fixed material segment advance time difference of 0.10, material layer fluctuation of 0.02, and advance tumbling disturbance of 0.05. The horizontal axis represents net microwave absorption, and the vertical axis represents thermal response gain. The color intensity of the filled areas of the contour lines indicates the level of the reliability value of the heating history; a greener color indicates a higher reliability value, and a redder color indicates a lower reliability value. Thin black solid lines are superimposed to show the contour outlines, and a gray dashed line marks the ideal matching line where net microwave absorption and thermal response gain are equal. Combined with the data in Table 1, it can be seen that when the values ​​of net microwave absorption and thermal response gain are close, the reliability value of the heating history is at a high level; when the deviation between the two increases, the reliability value of the heating history rapidly decreases. For example, in Table 1, under the coupling mismatch scenario, the thermal response gain is 0.25 and the net microwave absorption is 0.70, with a difference of 0.45. The corresponding reliable value of the thermal history is only 0.28, falling in the red low-value area in the contour plot. This figure intuitively reflects the crucial limiting effect of the matching degree between the thermal response gain and the net microwave absorption on the reliable value of the thermal history.

[0046] like Figure 3 The figure shows a comparison of the reliable values ​​of the heating history and key parameters under different operating conditions. The figure uses a combination of bar charts and double-line graphs to display the reliable values ​​of the heating history, net microwave absorption, and thermal response gain for five scenarios in Table 1: ideal steady state, propulsion fluctuation, intensified tumbling, abrupt material layer changes, and coupling mismatch. The main vertical axis corresponds to the bar chart, with light gray bars representing the reliable values ​​of the heating history for each scenario; the secondary vertical axis corresponds to the line graph, with green solid lines marked with circles representing net microwave absorption and orange solid lines marked with squares representing thermal response gain. As shown in the figure, under the ideal steady-state scenario, the net microwave absorption and thermal response gain are highly consistent, at 0.60 and 0.59 respectively, with the highest confidence value for the heating history being 0.68. Under the scenario of intensified tumbling, the propulsion tumbling disturbance increases significantly. Although the deviation between the net microwave absorption and thermal response gain is not large, the confidence value for the heating history still drops to 0.19, indicating the independent suppression effect of surface tumbling on the confidence value. Under the scenario of sudden material changes, the material fluctuation increases dramatically to 0.70, which also leads to a low confidence value of 0.22. Under the scenario of coupling mismatch, the thermal response gain is significantly lower than the net microwave absorption, and the confidence value drops simultaneously to 0.28. This figure intuitively reveals the comprehensive influence of the heating history confidence value on the degree of matching between microwave absorption and thermal response, material fluctuation, and propulsion tumbling disturbance, providing a visual basis for the selection of adjustment strategies in the heating history confidence judgment module.

[0047] This implementation scheme achieves a comprehensive judgment on the mapping relationship between the surface thermal response of the target material segment and the actual heating process. It enables the joint characterization of the material segment's propulsion process, the actual net microwave absorption state, material layer morphology fluctuations, propulsion tumbling disturbances, and the degree of surface thermal response enhancement under the same judgment framework. This improves the ability to identify whether the instantaneous surface thermal response can truly reflect the heating state of the target material segment, reduces the interference of material layer fluctuations, surface tumbling, and local microwave coupling changes on the heating state judgment results, and provides a reliable basis for the subsequent generation of heating state results of the target material segment and the segmented maturity acceptance judgment. This is conducive to improving the accuracy of the continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system in characterizing the actual heating process and the reliability of process control.

[0048] Specifically, the process of characterizing the actual heating process and determining its credibility based on the results of the credibility decoupling analysis of the heating process is as follows: real-time comparison of the credibility value and the credibility threshold of the heating process:

[0049] When the reliability value of the heating history is less than the reliability threshold of the heating history, it is determined that the surface response of the current target material segment is still significantly affected by material layer fluctuations, propulsion and tumbling, or local microwave coupling changes. The microwave generator output power is not directly adjusted based on the instantaneous deviation of the surface temperature data of the heating segment monitoring window relative to the surface temperature data of the heating segment inlet within the current sampling period. Instead, the microwave generator output power is maintained within the main heating zone corresponding to the current target material segment. The main heating zone is the furnace body section along the material conveying direction, from the starting position of the heating segment inlet to the starting position of the slow cooling end inlet. The starting positions of both the heating segment inlet and the slow cooling end inlet are determined based on the furnace position reference established by the furnace body position calibration unit. The microwave generator continuously outputs power for graphitization heating within the main heating zone, based on the inlet position data of the slow cooling end. It maintains the output level of the previous sampling cycle and adjusts the blade rotation speed by one control step, n. The adjustment step n is determined based on the continuous fluctuations of the blade rotation speed data, feed mass flow rate data, and conveyor drive motor current data, and ranges from 1 to 3. This is to reduce the further agitation of surface turbulence caused by blade propulsion. The surface response of the current target material segment is corrected based on the material segment propulsion time difference, net microwave absorption, material layer fluctuation, propulsion turbulence disturbance, and thermal response gain. The resulting heating state of the target material segment is then sent to the segment maturity acceptance judgment module.

[0050] When the reliability value of the heating history is greater than or equal to the reliability threshold of the heating history, it is determined that the surface temperature response of the current target material segment can continuously characterize its true heating history. Based on the surface temperature data of the heating section inlet, the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window, the surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window, the output power data of the microwave generator, the reflected power data of the microwave generator, the material layer thickness data, the blade rod rotation angle data, the blade rod speed data, and the conveyor drive motor current data, the surface response of the current target material segment is processed to obtain the heating state result of the target material segment, and the heating state result of the target material segment is sent to the segment maturity acceptance judgment module.

[0051] This implementation scheme achieves online diversion and adjustment control to determine whether the surface response of the current target material segment can accurately represent the heating process. This prevents surface responses significantly affected by material layer fluctuations, propulsion tumbling, or local microwave coupling changes from directly driving adjustments to the microwave generator output power in the main heating zone. Instead, it suppresses further amplification of surface disturbances by maintaining the current heating output and moderately reducing the blade rod speed. Simultaneously, it corrects the surface response of the current target material segment to generate the target material segment's heating state result. For surface responses that continuously represent the true heating process, the corresponding processing is directly completed, and the target material segment's heating state result is sent to subsequent segment maturity acceptance judgment. This improves the continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system's ability to isolate and correct distorted thermal responses and its ability to utilize effective thermal responses, thus enhancing the accuracy of heating state identification, the stability of closed-loop regulation, and the targeted nature of target material segment regulation.

[0052] Specifically, the process of segmented mature acceptance coupling analysis of the energy acceptance status, mature evolution status, and propulsion coordination status of the target material segment is as follows: The cumulative heat gain is calculated by integrating the net microwave absorption and the material segment propulsion time difference through a time window. A fixed-length time window is constructed based on the monitoring sampling timestamp data. The time window length is an integer multiple of the monitoring sampling period, ranging from 1 to 10 sampling periods. The lower limit of this range corresponds to the minimum response accumulation scale of a single sampling, and the upper limit corresponds to the typical residence time of the material segment through a single monitoring window. Exceeding this upper limit leads to a greater lag in the cumulative response. Within the time window, the product of the net microwave absorption and the material segment propulsion time difference is discretely integrated and summed to obtain the cumulative heat gain within the corresponding time interval. The boundary temperature drop offset is calculated by using the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window, the inlet surface temperature data of the slow cooling end, and the material segment propulsion time difference through the temperature drop rate difference. The rate of change of temperature at two locations with respect to the material segment advancement time difference is calculated, and the difference between the two is taken as the temperature drop rate difference as the boundary temperature drop offset. The maturity fluctuation is calculated by using the standard deviation of the target material segment's heating state results through a sliding window. The standard deviation of the target material segment's heating state results is calculated within a continuous sliding window, and this standard deviation is used as the maturity fluctuation. The feed rate within the corresponding time interval is calculated based on the feed mass flow rate data and the material segment advancement time difference. The feed rate is obtained by integrating or summing the feed mass flow rate data within the corresponding time interval. The surface advancement change within the corresponding time interval is calculated based on the material layer thickness data and the blade rod speed data. The advancement number is determined based on the blade rod speed data, and the material layer displacement during the advancement process is calculated based on the material layer thickness data as the surface advancement change. Finally, the advancement acceptance ratio is calculated by the ratio of the feed rate to the surface advancement change.

[0053] An exponential operation is performed on the accumulated heat; the result is then incremented by 1 and its natural logarithm is taken to obtain the logarithmic term for accumulated heat. The exponential operation enhances the response amplitude of changes in accumulated heat in the result, the increment of 1 avoids zero or negative values ​​in the logarithmic operation input, and the natural logarithm is used to compress the numerical range and reduce the influence of extreme values, thereby suppressing the excessive increase in the load-bearing value when the accumulated heat increases sharply due to instantaneous high power fluctuations. An inverse hyperbolic sine operation is performed on the sum of the boundary temperature drop offset and the maturity fluctuation, and then incremented by 1 to obtain the boundary fluctuation suppression term. The inverse hyperbolic sine operation is used to gradually increase larger input values ​​and maintain the differentiation of small values, so that when there are abnormal jumps in the boundary temperature drop offset or maturity fluctuation, the growth of this term is gradual and does not overwhelm the influence of other factors. The increment of 1 ensures that the denominator is continuous and non-zero. The absolute value of the difference between the advance load-bearing ratio and 1 is calculated, incremented by 1, and then its reciprocal is taken to obtain... The propulsion bearing constraint term is used; the absolute value of the difference is used to unify the deviation direction, and the reciprocal of the addition of 1 is used to construct bounded constraints. When the propulsion bearing ratio is close to 1, this term takes a larger value. The closer the propulsion bearing ratio is to 1, the better the matching between the feed quality and the propulsion displacement, that is, the better the conservation of the conveying quality of the material segment in the heating zone; the logarithm of the accumulated heat is calculated and divided by the boundary fluctuation suppression term to obtain the mature bearing base term; the product of the mature bearing base term and the propulsion bearing constraint term is calculated to obtain the segmented mature bearing value; the product form is used to ensure that all terms participate in the construction of the result, and any change in any term directly affects the final result; since the accumulated heat, boundary temperature drop offset, mature fluctuation, and propulsion bearing ratio are all calculated based on dimensionless data, the logarithm of the accumulated heat, the boundary fluctuation suppression term, the propulsion bearing constraint term, and the segmented mature bearing value are all dimensionless quantities; the specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0054] ;

[0055] In the formula: This represents the segmented maturity acceptance value, used to characterize the degree of acceptance and matching of the target material segment within the current interval; This represents the cumulative amount of heat received, used to characterize the degree of heat accumulation in the target material segment within a corresponding time interval. This represents the boundary temperature drop offset, used to characterize the difference in temperature drop between the heating section and subsequent sections; It represents the maturity fluctuation, used to characterize the stability of the target material segment under heating conditions; The propulsion-to-acceptance ratio is used to characterize the matching relationship between the feed rate and the propulsion change.

[0056] This implementation plan achieves a comprehensive assessment of the target material segment's heat accumulation state, boundary temperature drop change state, heat stability state, and propulsion acceptance state within the current interval. This allows for the characterization of whether the target material segment meets the maturity acceptance requirements of the current interval through unified quantitative results. It enhances the collaborative identification capability of the heating continuity and slow cooling boundary changes within the main heating zone, reduces the interference of single surface temperature changes or local short-term fluctuations on the interval maturity assessment results, and provides a reliable basis for subsequent closed-loop execution decisions such as power increase, power decrease, acceleration adjustment, deceleration adjustment, boundary suppression, and maintaining operation. This is beneficial for improving the accuracy of the continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system in judging the segmented heating state of the target material segment, the consistency of interval acceptance, and the adaptability of adjustment actions.

[0057] Specifically, the process of determining segmented adjustment needs and generating adjustment strategies based on the segmented maturity acceptance coupling analysis results is as follows: The monitoring position corresponding to the current target material segment is determined through time-series advancement position mapping calculation based on the feeding timestamp data, blade rod angle position data, blade rod speed data, and material segment advancement time difference. The advancement displacement per unit time is calculated using the blade rod angle position data and blade rod speed data, and then multiplied by the material segment advancement time difference to obtain the advancement distance of the current target material segment from the heating section inlet. The ratio of this advancement distance to the total length of the main heating action zone is used as a dimensionless parameter of the monitoring position, and the segmented maturity acceptance value and segmented maturity acceptance threshold are compared in real time.

[0058] When the segmented maturity acceptance value is less than the segmented maturity acceptance threshold and the monitoring position corresponding to the current target material segment is within the main heating range, it is determined that the segmented acceptance status of the current target material segment has not met the requirements; when the ratio of the accumulated heat to the boundary temperature drop offset does not reach the acceptance ratio benchmark value a, a power increase command and a deceleration adjustment command are generated and sent to the closed-loop execution module; when the maturity fluctuation continues to increase within two consecutive sampling cycles and the single-cycle increase exceeds the growth threshold r, and the acceptance ratio deviates from the acceptance range b, a power decrease command and an acceleration adjustment command are generated and sent to the closed-loop execution module. The closed-loop execution module includes a, where 'a' represents the baseline value of the acceptance ratio, which is calculated by statistically analyzing the ratio sequence of accumulated heat and boundary temperature drop offset during continuous normal operation, and taking the median value within the window as the baseline value of the acceptance ratio, with the value range being a real number greater than 0; 'b' represents the advancing acceptance interval, which is calculated by statistically analyzing the advancing acceptance ratio sequence during continuous normal operation, and taking the interval containing the median value as the advancing acceptance interval; and 'r' represents the growth threshold of the maturity fluctuation, which is taken as the upper quartile value of the single-cycle change sequence of the maturity fluctuation during continuous normal operation, used to filter out small fluctuations caused by measurement noise.

[0059] When the segment maturity acceptance value is less than the segment maturity acceptance threshold and the current target material segment's corresponding monitoring position enters the end of the main heating action zone and approaches the slow cooling end inlet position, the end of the main heating action zone is the last one-tenth to one-fifth of the length of the main heating action zone along the material conveying direction. The lower limit corresponds to the spatial scale of heat conduction hysteresis under microwave skin depth limitation, and the upper limit corresponds to the boundary of radiative heat flow attenuation at the slow cooling end. Approaching the slow cooling end inlet position means that the distance between the current target material segment's corresponding monitoring position and the slow cooling end inlet position is not greater than the length of this last interval, so that the discrimination logic covers the coupled action zone of thermal hysteresis and radiative heat dissipation, determines that the current target material segment is in the boundary connection disturbance state, generates a boundary suppression command and sends it to the closed-loop execution module.

[0060] When the segmented maturity acceptance value is greater than or equal to the segmented maturity acceptance threshold, it is determined that the current target material segment meets the segmented acceptance requirements. The heat accumulation, boundary temperature drop offset, maturity fluctuation and propulsion acceptance ratio of the current target material segment are in a coordinated acceptance state. The current microwave generator output power and blade speed are maintained to keep the current heating rhythm and propulsion rhythm continuous. The operation command is sent to the closed-loop execution module.

[0061] This implementation scheme achieves segmented acceptance status identification and differentiated closed-loop diversion control for the target material segment at different positions within the main heating zone. This allows for the triggering of corresponding power adjustments, propulsion rhythm adjustments, or boundary suppression measures for different abnormal states of the target material segment within the main heating zone, such as insufficient heat accumulation, intensified maturity fluctuations, propulsion imbalance, and upon entering the slow cooling boundary. This improves the matching degree between the closed-loop control action and the heating state of the target material segment's zone, reducing the risk of mistakenly feeding back the natural temperature drop at the boundary as a main heating compensation signal or misjudging local fluctuations as overall insufficient maturity. Simultaneously, it enables the target material segment meeting the segmented acceptance requirements to maintain stable operation. This enhances the continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system's ability to identify zone heating differences, boundary connection disturbances, and propulsion acceptance relationships, thus improving process regulation continuity, zone control accuracy, and overall operational stability.

[0062] Specifically, the process of implementing directional closed-loop control of the microwave generator output power and blade speed based on the segmented adjustment demand judgment and adjustment strategy generation results is as follows: (e.g.) Figure 4The diagram shows the closed-loop execution module's instruction reception and execution control flowchart. Based on commands such as "Maintain Operation," "Power Increase," "Power Decrease," "Acceleration Adjustment," "Deceleration Adjustment," and "Boundary Suppression," the module executes control over the microwave generator's output power and blade rotor speed. The microwave generator's output power is adjusted by the microwave control unit sending a power adjustment signal to the microwave source, and the blade rotor speed is adjusted by the conveyor drive control unit sending a speed adjustment signal to the blade rotor drive mechanism. When a "Maintain Operation" command is received, the current heating intensity and propulsion rhythm of the heating section are maintained continuously. This includes maintaining the current microwave generator's output power setpoint and the current blade rotor speed setpoint. When commands such as "Power Increase," "Power Decrease," "Acceleration Adjustment," and "Deceleration Adjustment" are received, the adjustment action is applied to the main heating zone of the current target material section to change the subsequent unit-time heating intensity or the heating zone's dwell time. The "Power Increase" and "Power Decrease" commands adjust the microwave injection level within the main heating zone, while the "Acceleration Adjustment" and "Deceleration Adjustment" commands adjust the blade rotor propulsion rhythm. When a boundary suppression command is received... When the command is given, the natural temperature drop at the inlet of the slow-cooling end is prohibited from being fed back to the heating compensation action in the main heating range; among them, the boundary suppression command is used to freeze the power compensation output corresponding to the current boundary position, keeping the original adjustment state within the main heating range unchanged; the single power adjustment step size ΔP corresponding to the power increase command and the power decrease command is 3% to 8% of the current microwave generator output power setting value, and the adjusted power value does not exceed 85% of the upper limit and 15% of the lower limit of the rated power of the microwave source; the single speed adjustment step size Δω corresponding to the acceleration adjustment command and the deceleration adjustment command is 5% to 15% of the current blade rod speed setting value. 10%, and the adjusted speed value does not exceed 90% of the upper limit and 20% of the lower limit of the rated speed of the blade rod drive mechanism; the execution cycle of the boundary suppression command is the time required for the current material segment to move from the monitoring position to the slow cooling end inlet. After the execution period expires, it will be automatically released and the normal judgment logic will be restored; the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window, the surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window, the surface temperature data of the slow cooling end inlet, the output power data of the microwave generator, the blade rod speed data, and the current data of the conveyor drive motor will continue to be sent back to the acquisition and preprocessing module to form a continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop adjustment link.

[0063] This implementation scheme achieves directional execution control and closed-loop feedback control of the main heating zone where the current target material segment is located. This enables different execution commands, such as maintaining operation, power adjustment, propulsion rhythm adjustment, and boundary suppression, to accurately act on the subsequent heating or dwell process of the target material segment. This improves the consistency between the adjustment action and the heating state of the target material segment, reduces the risk of adjustment misalignment under direct feedback from fixed monitoring points, and reduces the risk of misleading compensation decisions for the main heating zone due to the natural temperature drop at the slow cooling end. At the same time, by continuously feeding the execution results back to the acquisition and preprocessing module to form a complete closed-loop link, the execution traceability, adjustment targeting, and process self-correction capability of the continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop adjustment system are enhanced, which is conducive to improving the overall operational stability and closed-loop control accuracy of the graphitization process.

[0064] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," and any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Specific examples have been used in this document to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. These examples are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, due to the limitations of written expression and the objective existence of infinite specific structures, those skilled in the art can make several improvements, modifications, or variations without departing from the principles of the present invention, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner. These improvements, modifications, variations, or combinations, or the direct application of the concept and technical solution of the present invention to other situations without modification, should all be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system, characterized in that, include: The acquisition and preprocessing module is used to acquire monitoring data of the continuous microwave graphitization process and perform time-series compilation and preprocessing. The monitoring and corresponding locking module is used to perform dynamic attribution locking analysis based on graphitization process monitoring data, and to identify and lock the target material segment monitoring attribution based on the results of the dynamic attribution locking analysis. The heat process credibility discrimination module is used to perform heat process credibility decoupling analysis on the graphitization process monitoring data, and to characterize the real heat process and judge the credibility status based on the heat process credibility decoupling analysis results; The segmented maturity acceptance judgment module is used to perform segmented maturity acceptance coupling analysis on the energy acceptance status, maturity evolution status and promotion coordination status of the target material segment, and to judge segmented adjustment needs and generate adjustment strategies based on the results of the segmented maturity acceptance coupling analysis. The closed-loop execution module is used to implement directional closed-loop control of the microwave generator output power and blade speed based on the segmented adjustment requirements and the results generated by the adjustment strategy.

2. The continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process for collecting monitoring data of the continuous microwave graphitization process is as follows: A data access link is established around the feeding, propulsion, heating, monitoring, and slow cooling processes of the continuous microwave graphitization furnace to access graphitization process monitoring data in real time. The graphitization process monitoring data includes: feed mass flow rate data, feed timestamp data, blade rod rotation angle data, blade rod speed data, heating section inlet surface temperature data, heating section monitoring window surface temperature data, heating section monitoring window surface thermal radiation intensity data, slow cooling end inlet surface temperature data, monitoring sampling timestamp data, slow cooling end inlet position data, microwave generator output power data, microwave generator reflection power data, material layer thickness data, and conveyor drive motor current data.

3. The continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of performing time-series structuring and preprocessing is as follows: The graphitization process monitoring data is processed with unified timestamp alignment and duplicate data removal; the status continuity of the blade rod rotation position data, blade rod speed data, feed mass flow rate data, and conveyor drive motor current data is checked; and abnormal jumps in the graphitization process monitoring data are removed by jointly judging the difference amplitude between adjacent sampled values ​​and the statistical range of the sliding window. Burr smoothing was performed on the following data: heating section inlet surface temperature, heating section monitoring window surface temperature, heating section monitoring window surface thermal radiation intensity, slow cooling end inlet surface temperature, microwave generator output power, microwave generator reflected power, material layer thickness, and conveyor drive motor current. Missing data were filled in using an adjacent sampling point completion method: feed mass flow rate, blade rod angle position, blade rod speed, heating section inlet surface temperature, heating section monitoring window surface temperature, slow cooling end inlet surface temperature, monitoring sampling timestamp data, microwave generator output power, microwave generator reflected power, material layer thickness, and conveyor drive motor current. The following inlet position correspondence was used to organize the following inlet position data: feed mass flow rate, blade rod angle position, blade rod speed, heating section inlet surface temperature, heating section monitoring window surface temperature, slow cooling end inlet surface temperature, and slow cooling end inlet position. Finally, the graphitization process monitoring data were standardized using a Z-score standardization algorithm. The feed mass flow rate data, blade rod rotation position data, and surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window are normalized using a maximum and minimum value normalization algorithm.

4. The continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of dynamic attribution locking analysis based on graphitization process monitoring data is as follows: The system acquires surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window, surface temperature data of the heating section inlet, material layer thickness data, surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window, output power data of the microwave generator, reflected power data of the microwave generator, current data of the conveyor drive motor, and blade rod speed data. It then calls the acquisition and preprocessing module to complete the preprocessing of the corresponding data and participates in the calculation of the corresponding monitoring lock value. Divide the difference between the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window and the surface temperature data of the heating section inlet by the material layer thickness data plus 1, square the result, add 1, and take the reciprocal to obtain the temperature thickness constraint term; calculate the ratio of the microwave generator output power data to the sum of the microwave generator reflected power data, the conveyor drive motor current data, the blade rod speed data, and 1 to obtain the power load reduction term; The absolute value of the difference between the surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window and the power load reduction term is taken as the opposite and then exponentially calculated to obtain the radiation power matching term; the product of the temperature thickness constraint term and the radiation power matching term is calculated to obtain the corresponding monitoring lock value.

5. The continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of monitoring, identifying, and locking the corresponding relationship of target material segments based on the dynamic attribution locking analysis results is as follows: Real-time comparison and monitoring of corresponding lock values ​​and corresponding lock thresholds: When the corresponding lock value is less than the corresponding lock threshold, it is determined that there is a risk of switching of the monitoring object or the risk of superposition of apparent disturbances in the current monitoring window. The direct driving of the microwave generator output power and blade speed to be adjusted in a closed loop is suppressed in the current sampling period and the next k consecutive sampling periods, so as to maintain the current microwave generator output power and blade speed unchanged. When the corresponding lock value is greater than or equal to the corresponding lock threshold, it is determined that the correspondence between the current monitoring window and the current monitored material segment remains continuous, and the current target material segment is locked.

6. The continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of performing reliable decoupling analysis of the thermal history of the graphitization process monitoring data is as follows: The material section advancement time difference is calculated by using the time difference between the feeding timestamp data and the monitoring sampling timestamp data; the net microwave absorption is calculated by using the difference ratio between the microwave generator output power data and the microwave generator reflected power data; the material layer thickness data is calculated by using the sliding window coefficient of variation to obtain the material layer fluctuation; the advancement and tumbling disturbance is calculated by using the blade rod rotation angle data, blade rod speed data, and conveyor drive motor current data by using phase crossing statistics and current fluctuation amplitude; and the thermal response gain is calculated by using the product of the temperature rise ratio and radiation gain between the heating section inlet surface temperature data, the heating section monitoring window surface temperature data, and the heating section monitoring window surface thermal radiation intensity data. The propulsion absorption coupling term is obtained by multiplying the sum of the material segment propulsion time difference and 1 with the result of the microwave net absorption index. Divide the propulsion absorption coupling term by the sum of the material layer fluctuation, the propulsion tumbling disturbance, and 1, add 1 to the result, and take the natural logarithm to obtain the logarithmic compression term of the heating process. The difference between the thermal response gain and the net microwave absorption is squared, 1 is added, and the reciprocal is taken to obtain the thermal response absorption uniformity term. The product of the logarithmic compression term of the thermal history and the thermal response absorption consistency term is calculated to obtain the confidence value of the thermal history.

7. The continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process for characterizing the real heating process and determining the credible state based on the credible decoupling analysis results of the heating process is as follows: Real-time comparison of the reliability value and the reliability threshold of the heating process: When the reliability value of the heating history is less than the reliability threshold of the heating history, the output power of the microwave generator is not directly adjusted based on the instantaneous deviation of the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window relative to the surface temperature data of the heating section inlet in the current sampling period. Instead, the output power of the microwave generator in the main heating range corresponding to the current target material section is maintained. The main heating range is the furnace body range from the starting position of the heating section inlet to the starting position of the slow cooling end inlet along the material conveying direction. The output level of the previous sampling period is kept unchanged, and the blade rod speed is adjusted down by one control step by adjustment step n. The surface response of the current target material section is corrected based on the material section advancement time difference, microwave net absorption, material layer fluctuation, advancement and overturning disturbance, and thermal response gain to obtain the heating state result of the target material section. The heating state result of the target material section is then sent to the segment maturity acceptance discrimination module. When the reliable value of the heating history is greater than or equal to the reliable threshold of the heating history, the surface response of the current target material segment is processed according to the surface temperature data of the heating section inlet, the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window, the surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window, the output power data of the microwave generator, the reflected power data of the microwave generator, the material layer thickness data, the blade rod rotation angle data, the blade rod speed data, and the conveyor drive motor current data to obtain the heating state result of the target material segment, and then the heating state result of the target material segment is sent to the segment maturity acceptance judgment module.

8. The continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of performing segmented maturity acceptance coupling analysis on the energy acceptance status, maturity evolution status, and propulsion synergy status of the target material segment is as follows: The cumulative heat absorption is calculated by integrating the net microwave absorption and the material segment advancement time difference through a time window; the boundary temperature drop offset is calculated by the temperature drop rate difference between the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window, the inlet surface temperature data of the slow cooling end, and the material segment advancement time difference; the maturity fluctuation is calculated by the standard deviation of the target material segment's heating state results through a sliding window; the feed rate within the corresponding time interval is calculated by the feed mass flow rate data and the material segment advancement time difference; the surface advancement change within the corresponding time interval is calculated by the material layer thickness data and the blade rotation speed data; and the advancement acceptance ratio is calculated by the ratio of the feed rate to the surface advancement change. Perform an exponential operation on the accumulated heat; add 1 to the exponential result and take the natural logarithm to obtain the accumulated heat logarithm term; perform an inverse hyperbolic sine operation on the sum of the boundary temperature drop offset and the maturity fluctuation and add 1 to obtain the boundary fluctuation suppression term; calculate the absolute value of the difference between the advance acceptance ratio and 1, add 1 and take the reciprocal to obtain the advance acceptance constraint term; calculate the accumulated heat logarithm term and divide it by the boundary fluctuation suppression term to obtain the maturity acceptance basis term; calculate the product of the maturity acceptance basis term and the advance acceptance constraint term to obtain the segmented maturity acceptance value.

9. The continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of determining segmented adjustment needs and generating adjustment strategies based on the segmented maturity and coupling analysis results is as follows: Based on the feed timestamp data, blade rod angle position data, blade rod speed data, and material segment advance time difference, the monitoring position corresponding to the current target material segment is determined through time-series advance position mapping calculation, and the segment maturity acceptance value and segment maturity acceptance threshold are compared in real time. When the segmented maturity acceptance value is less than the segmented maturity acceptance threshold and the monitoring position corresponding to the current target material segment is within the main heating range, it is determined that the segmented acceptance status of the current target material segment has not met the requirements; when the ratio of the accumulated heat to the boundary temperature drop offset does not reach the acceptance ratio benchmark value a, a power increase command and a deceleration adjustment command are generated and sent to the closed-loop execution module; when the maturity fluctuation continues to increase in two consecutive sampling cycles and the single-cycle increase exceeds the growth threshold r, and the acceptance ratio deviates from the acceptance range b, a power decrease command and an acceleration adjustment command are generated and sent to the closed-loop execution module. When the segmented maturity acceptance value is less than the segmented maturity acceptance threshold and the current target material segment's corresponding monitoring position enters the end of the main heating action zone and approaches the slow cooling end inlet position, it is determined that the current target material segment is in a boundary connection disturbance state, a boundary suppression command is generated and sent to the closed-loop execution module; When the segment maturity acceptance value is greater than or equal to the segment maturity acceptance threshold, it is determined that the current target material segment meets the segment acceptance requirements, the current microwave generator output power and blade speed are maintained, and the keep running command is sent to the closed-loop execution module.

10. The continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of implementing directional closed-loop control of the microwave generator output power and blade speed based on the segmented adjustment demand discrimination and adjustment strategy generation results is as follows: Based on commands to maintain operation, increase power, decrease power, accelerate adjustment, decelerate adjustment, and suppress boundary conditions, the microwave generator output power and blade rotation speed are controlled. When a command to maintain operation is received, the heating intensity and propulsion rhythm of the current heating section are maintained continuously. When commands to increase power, decrease power, accelerate adjustment, and decelerate adjustment are received, the adjustment action is applied to the main heating zone where the current target material section is located. When a command to suppress boundary conditions is received, the natural temperature drop at the inlet of the slow cooling end is prevented from being fed back to the heating compensation action of the main heating zone. After execution, the surface temperature data of the heating section monitoring window, the surface thermal radiation intensity data of the heating section monitoring window, the surface temperature data of the slow cooling end inlet, the microwave generator output power data, the blade rotation speed data, and the conveyor drive motor current data are continuously sent back to the acquisition and preprocessing module, forming a continuous microwave graphitization process monitoring and closed-loop adjustment link.

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