A precision water and fertilizer integrated management system and planting method for mountain rosemary

Abstract

This invention discloses a precision water and fertilizer integrated management system and planting method for mountain rosemary, belonging to the field of intelligent irrigation and precision planting technology in agriculture. It includes: a perception layer for real-time collection of environmental and soil data from the mountain planting area; a decision control layer with a built-in mountain terrain analysis module and a rosemary growth period water and fertilizer demand model. The mountain terrain analysis module divides the planting area into multiple management zones according to slope and aspect based on a digital elevation model. The rosemary growth period water and fertilizer demand model binds a corresponding stage water and fertilizer requirement coefficient to each management zone and generates differentiated zone water and fertilizer prescriptions based on the real-time data from the perception layer; and an execution layer including a mountain zone pressure compensation pipeline network arranged along contour lines, a Venturi fertilizer injector, and zone solenoid valves. This achieves precise water and fertilizer management throughout the entire growth period of mountain rosemary, and synergistic improvement in yield and essential oil quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent irrigation and precision planting technology in agriculture, specifically relating to a precision water and fertilizer integrated management system and planting method for mountain rosemary. Background Technology

[0002] Rosemary is an important spice and medicinal crop. Its essential oil content and quality are closely related to the supply of water, light and nutrients in its growing environment. Mountain planting can take advantage of its unique microclimate and natural isolation to produce high-quality rosemary, but the complex terrain brings significant challenges to precise management.

[0003] First, the mountainous terrain is undulating, with significant differences in slope and aspect, resulting in obvious spatial heterogeneity in water evapotranspiration, soil water holding capacity, and light conditions in different plots. The irrigation and fertilizer requirements vary greatly from region to region. Most existing integrated water and fertilizer systems are designed for flat land and cannot perform precise zoned water and fertilizer management in mountainous planting areas. Uniform water supply and fertilization can easily lead to drought at the top of the slope and waterlogging at the bottom, resulting in low fertilizer utilization and affecting the uniformity of rosemary plant growth and the accumulation of effective components.

[0004] Secondly, rosemary has drastically different requirements for water and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements at different growth stages, such as seedling emergence, vegetative growth, budding and flowering and harvesting. Traditional management often relies on experience and lacks a precise decision-making model that combines the differences in mountainous terrain with the water and fertilizer requirements of rosemary during its growth period. This makes it impossible to supply according to demand in different stages and regions, which restricts the simultaneous improvement of yield and essential oil quality.

[0005] In addition, mountain irrigation networks are often characterized by uneven pressure across the pipeline system due to large elevation differences, resulting in poor irrigation uniformity and further amplifying the water and fertilizer deviations caused by the terrain.

[0006] At the cultivation level, current rosemary cultivation generally adopts a uniform planting density, ignoring the differences in light intensity caused by slope aspect: sunny slopes receive ample sunlight, and overcrowding wastes light energy; shady slopes receive relatively less sunlight, and overcrowding exacerbates shading, affecting photosynthesis and essential oil synthesis. The lack of differentiated density design based on slope aspect affects the overall biomass yield and essential oil production of mountain rosemary.

[0007] More importantly, in the pre-harvest stage, which determines the quality of essential oils, current technology lacks a non-destructive method for predicting essential oil content based on the plant's growth status and a corresponding targeted water and fertilizer management plan. Farmers can only rely on experience to determine the harvesting time, resulting in large fluctuations in essential oil content and making it impossible to achieve stable and improved quality. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a precision water and fertilizer integrated management system and planting method for mountain rosemary, which can achieve precise water and fertilizer management throughout the entire growth period of mountain rosemary and synergistic improvement in yield and essential oil quality.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solution: A precision water and fertilizer management system for mountain rosemary includes: The perception layer is used to collect environmental and soil data in mountainous planting areas in real time. The decision control layer has a built-in mountain terrain analysis module and a rosemary growth period water and fertilizer demand model. The mountain terrain analysis module divides the planting area into multiple control zones according to slope and aspect based on the digital elevation model. The rosemary growth period water and fertilizer demand model binds the corresponding stage water and fertilizer demand coefficient to each control zone and generates differentiated zone water and fertilizer prescriptions in combination with the real-time data of the perception layer. The execution layer includes a mountain zone pressure compensation pipeline network arranged along contour lines, a Venturi fertilizer injector, and zone solenoid valves, used for zoned rotational irrigation and precision supply of integrated water and fertilizer according to the zoned water and fertilizer prescription.

[0010] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the sensing layer includes: The system includes a soil three-parameter sensor, a soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ion selective electrode sensor, and a miniature weather station, all deployed at different altitudes and slope aspects. The soil three-parameter sensor collects soil moisture content, temperature and electrical conductivity, while the miniature weather station collects photosynthetically active radiation, rainfall and wind speed and direction.

[0011] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the perception layer further includes a UAV multispectral remote sensing unit for periodically acquiring the normalized vegetation index and canopy temperature of the rosemary canopy; the decision control layer calculates the crop water stress index based on the canopy temperature and dynamically corrects the regional water and fertilizer prescription by integrating the normalized vegetation index.

[0012] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the mountain terrain analysis module divides the planting area into at least four control zones based on slope and aspect: upper part of sunny slope, lower part of sunny slope, upper part of shady slope, and lower part of shady slope, and presets different benchmark irrigation amounts and benchmark fertilizer formulas for each control zone; the rosemary growth period water and fertilizer demand model divides the rosemary growth stage into seedling stage, vegetative growth stage, budding and flowering stage, and harvesting stage, and assigns corresponding water requirement coefficients and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio coefficients to each stage.

[0013] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the mountain zone pressure compensation pipeline network includes: a main water supply pipe laid along the contour lines of the mountain, branch pipes extending downhill from the main water supply pipe to each control zone, and pressure compensation drip irrigation pipes laid on each planting ridge; the dripper flow rate of the pressure compensation drip irrigation pipe is 2-4 L / h, and the inner wall of the drip irrigation pipe is coated with a root protection agent slow-release layer.

[0014] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the execution layer further includes a water collection and interception ditch set at preset elevation differences on the slope. The water collection and interception ditch is connected to a water storage tank with an ultraviolet sterilizer. The water outlet of the water storage tank is connected to the front end of the Venturi fertilizer injector to realize rainwater collection and reuse for irrigation.

[0015] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the decision control layer also has a built-in rosemary essential oil prediction model, which takes the canopy temperature, normalized vegetation index and soil moisture data of the current control zone as input and outputs the predicted essential oil content; before the rosemary enters the harvest period, the decision control layer generates a water-controlling and fragrance-enhancing fertilizer prescription accordingly.

[0016] A method for precise integrated water and fertilizer management of rosemary in mountainous areas, employing the system described above, is characterized by the following steps: S1. Land preparation and transplanting: Generate a planting plan map based on the digital elevation model of the planting area. Increase the planting density of rosemary by 10%-15% compared to the standard density in sunny slope areas and decrease the planting density by 10%-15% compared to the standard density in shady slope areas. After ridging along the contour lines and covering with grass-suppressing cloth, transplant the rosemary seedlings. S2. Differentiated water and fertilizer management: The system collects soil and meteorological data of each control zone in real time, determines the water and fertilizer prescription for each zone through the rosemary growth period water and fertilizer demand model and the mountain terrain analysis module, and controls the pressure compensation pipeline network and Venturi fertilizer injector of the mountain zone for zoned rotation irrigation; S3. Pre-harvest regulation: 7-10 days before the scheduled harvest, the decision control layer outputs the estimated essential oil content through the rosemary essential oil prediction model. If it is lower than the threshold or needs to be further increased, the water control and aroma enhancement irrigation plan is implemented to maintain the soil moisture content at 40%-50% of field capacity until harvest.

[0017] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the water-controlled and fragrance-enhancing irrigation scheme includes: reducing the amount of irrigation per irrigation relative to the vegetative growth period, and simultaneously applying potassium fertilizer and trace elements through the Venturi fertilizer injector, so that the potassium ion concentration in the irrigation solution is increased by 25%-35% compared to the vegetative growth period, and supplementing boron and zinc elements to promote the synthesis and accumulation of terpenoids in rosemary leaves.

[0018] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a post-harvest recovery management step is also included: after each harvest, the decision control layer first generates a permeable irrigation prescription to leach root salts based on the detection data of the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ion selective electrode sensor, and then generates an organic liquid fertilizer supplement prescription; at the same time, combined with pruning and spraying chitosan solution, the rosemary plants are induced to develop systemic resistance and quickly restore vegetative growth.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, the precision water and fertilizer integrated management system and planting method for mountain rosemary of this invention couples a mountain terrain analysis module with a water and fertilizer demand model for the rosemary growth period. This divides the planting area into management zones according to slope aspect and gradient, and generates differentiated dynamic water and fertilizer prescriptions. Combined with a pressure compensation pipeline network and Venturi fertilizer injectors arranged along contour lines for zoned rotational irrigation, this effectively overcomes the problem of water and fertilizer supply and demand mismatch caused by differences in mountain terrain and uneven pipeline pressure. At the same time, by combining slope density control with moderately dense planting on sunny slopes and moderately sparse planting on shady slopes, and a water-controlled and aroma-enhancing irrigation scheme based on an essential oil prediction model before harvest, this induces the targeted accumulation of terpenoids, achieving precise water and fertilizer control throughout the entire growth period of mountain rosemary and synergistic improvement in yield and essential oil quality. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the precision water and fertilizer integration management system for mountain rosemary according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the planting method of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the layout of the pressure compensation pipeline network along contour lines in mountainous areas. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this disclosure, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0025] like Figure 1As shown in the figure, the precision water and fertilizer integration management system for mountain rosemary in this embodiment consists of a perception layer, a decision control layer, and an execution layer.

[0026] The sensing layer comprises soil three-parameter sensors deployed at representative locations at different altitudes and slope aspects, soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ion selective electrode sensors, and a miniature weather station. In addition, the sensing layer is equipped with a UAV multispectral remote sensing unit to periodically acquire the normalized differentiating vegetation index (NDVI) and canopy temperature of the rosemary canopy. These multiple sensors provide the decision-making and control layer with comprehensive real-time field data.

[0027] The decision control layer serves as the core computing hub, incorporating a mountain terrain analysis module, a rosemary growth stage water and fertilizer requirement model, and a rosemary essential oil prediction model. The mountain terrain analysis module loads a digital elevation model of the planting area, dividing it into four control zones based on slope and aspect: upper sunny slope, lower sunny slope, upper shady slope, and lower shady slope. Each zone has preset baseline irrigation amounts and fertilizer formulas. The rosemary growth stage water and fertilizer requirement model divides the rosemary growth stages into the seedling stage, vegetative growth stage, budding and flowering stage, and harvesting stage, assigning water requirement coefficients and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio coefficients to each stage. The model combines the stage-specific water and fertilizer requirement coefficients bound to each control zone with real-time sensing data, generating differentiated water and fertilizer prescriptions for each zone through calculation.

[0028] like Figure 3 As shown, the execution layer includes a mountain zone pressure compensation pipeline network, Venturi fertilizer injectors, zone solenoid valves, and water collection and interception ditches. The mountain zone pressure compensation pipeline network consists of a main water supply pipe laid along the contour lines of the mountain, branch pipes extending downhill from the main water supply pipe to each control zone, and pressure-compensating drip irrigation pipes laid on each planting ridge. The drippers of the pressure-compensating drip irrigation pipes have a flow rate of 2-4 L / h, ensuring uniform water distribution over a large elevation difference. The inner wall of the drip irrigation pipes is coated with a root protection agent slow-release layer, which slowly releases root-promoting or stress-resistance substances during irrigation. Zone solenoid valves are installed at the front end of each branch pipe and are controlled by the decision-making control layer to achieve zoned rotational irrigation. The Venturi fertilizer injector connects the fertilizer stock solution tank to the main pipe, precisely injecting the required fertilizer solution according to the water-fertilizer prescription. In addition, water collection and interception ditches are set at predetermined elevation differences on the slope to guide surface runoff and excess irrigation water into a water storage tank equipped with an ultraviolet sterilizer. The water outlet of the water storage tank is connected to the front end of the Venturi fertilizer injector to realize rainwater collection and reuse for irrigation.

[0029] The rosemary essential oil prediction model uses data on canopy temperature, NDVI, and soil moisture in the current controlled zone obtained by drones as input, and outputs the predicted essential oil content through a trained multiple regression model. Seven to ten days before the harvest season, the model initiates an evaluation. If the essential oil content is lower than a preset threshold or if a further increase is desired, the decision control layer generates a water-controlled, fragrance-enhancing fertilizer prescription.

[0030] The planting method and process using the above system are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it specifically includes: Step S1, land preparation and transplanting. A planting plan is generated based on the digital elevation model, dividing the plot into sunny and shady slope areas. The standard density is set at 80,000 plants per hectare; therefore, the planting density in the sunny slope area is adjusted to 92,000 plants / hectare (an increase of 15%), and in the shady slope area, it is adjusted to 68,000 plants / hectare (a decrease of 15%). Ridges approximately 20cm high are created along the contour lines, and the ridges are covered with biodegradable weed suppressant fabric. Healthy rosemary cuttings are transplanted at the set spacing.

[0031] Step S2: Differentiated Water and Fertilizer Management. The system collects real-time soil moisture content, nutrient content, and meteorological data for each controlled zone. The decision control layer calculates and generates water and fertilizer prescriptions for each zone, sequentially activating the corresponding zone's solenoid valves. Irrigation and fertilization are then executed through the pressure-compensated pipeline network and Venturi fertilizer injectors. For example, during the vegetative growth stage, irrigation frequency is increased on the upper part of sunny slopes, with a slightly higher nitrogen fertilizer concentration; the lower part of shady slopes is kept at a moderate level of moisture to avoid waterlogging. Throughout the process, the UAV's multispectral remote sensing unit flies once a week, using canopy temperature and NDVI data. The decision control layer calculates the crop water stress index and integrates the NDVI values ​​to dynamically adjust the water and fertilizer prescriptions for each zone, forming a closed-loop control system.

[0032] Step S3, Pre-harvest Regulation. Ten days before the scheduled harvest, the decision-making control layer uses the rosemary essential oil prediction model to assess each controlled zone. If the essential oil content in a zone is below the threshold, or to pursue higher quality, a water-controlled and aroma-enhancing irrigation program is initiated: The amount of irrigation per session is reduced compared to the vegetative growth period, and potassium fertilizer and trace elements are simultaneously applied via a Venturi injector, increasing the potassium ion concentration in the irrigation solution by approximately 30%, while also supplementing boron and zinc. After irrigation, the soil moisture content in the root zone gradually decreases and is maintained at 40%-50% of field capacity, creating moderate water stress and inducing the synthesis and accumulation of terpenes in the rosemary leaves. This state is maintained until harvest, significantly improving essential oil content and quality consistency.

[0033] As a further optimization, the present invention also includes a post-harvest recovery management step: after each harvest, the decision control layer first generates a permeable irrigation prescription to rinse the roots of salts that may have accumulated due to multiple fertilizations, based on the detection data of the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ion selective electrode sensor. Then, an organic liquid fertilizer supplement prescription is generated to quickly replenish the tree's nutrients. At the same time, combined with pruning and spraying a low-concentration chitosan solution, the plant is induced to develop systemic resistance, promoting the sprouting of new shoots, enabling rosemary to quickly recover its vegetative growth, and laying the foundation for the next round of high-quality production.

[0034] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this disclosure is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that this disclosure can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of this disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within this disclosure. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0035] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A precision water and fertilizer integrated management system for mountain rosemary, characterized in that, include: The perception layer is used to collect environmental and soil data in mountainous planting areas in real time. The decision control layer has a built-in mountain terrain analysis module and a rosemary growth period water and fertilizer demand model. The mountain terrain analysis module divides the planting area into multiple control zones according to slope and aspect based on the digital elevation model. The rosemary growth period water and fertilizer demand model binds the corresponding stage water and fertilizer demand coefficient to each control zone and generates differentiated zone water and fertilizer prescriptions in combination with the real-time data of the perception layer. The execution layer includes a mountain zone pressure compensation pipeline network arranged along contour lines, a Venturi fertilizer injector, and zone solenoid valves, used for zoned rotational irrigation and precision supply of integrated water and fertilizer according to the zoned water and fertilizer prescription.

2. The precision water and fertilizer integrated management system for mountain rosemary according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensing layer includes: The system includes a soil three-parameter sensor, a soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ion selective electrode sensor, and a miniature weather station, all deployed at different altitudes and slope aspects. The soil three-parameter sensor collects soil moisture content, temperature and electrical conductivity, while the miniature weather station collects photosynthetically active radiation, rainfall and wind speed and direction.

3. The precision water and fertilizer integrated management system for mountain rosemary according to claim 2, characterized in that, The perception layer also includes a UAV multispectral remote sensing unit, used to periodically acquire the normalized vegetation index and canopy temperature of the rosemary canopy; the decision control layer calculates the crop water stress index based on the canopy temperature and dynamically corrects the regional water and fertilizer prescription by integrating the normalized vegetation index.

4. The precision water and fertilizer integrated management system for mountain rosemary according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mountain terrain analysis module divides the planting area into at least four control zones based on slope and aspect: upper part of sunny slope, lower part of sunny slope, upper part of shady slope, and lower part of shady slope. It also presets different benchmark irrigation amounts and benchmark fertilizer formulas for each control zone. The rosemary growth period water and fertilizer demand model divides the rosemary growth stage into the seedling stage, vegetative growth stage, budding and flowering stage, and harvesting stage, and assigns corresponding water requirement coefficients and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio coefficients to each stage.

5. The precision water and fertilizer integrated management system for mountain rosemary according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The mountainous zone pressure compensation pipeline network includes: a main water supply pipe laid along the contour lines of the mountain, branch pipes extending downhill from the main water supply pipe to each control zone, and pressure compensation drip irrigation pipes laid on each planting ridge; the dripper flow rate of the pressure compensation drip irrigation pipe is 2-4L / h, and the inner wall of the drip irrigation pipe is coated with a root protection agent slow-release layer.

6. The precision water and fertilizer integrated management system for mountain rosemary according to claim 5, characterized in that, The execution layer also includes water collection and interception ditches set at preset elevation differences on the slope. The water collection and interception ditches are connected to a water storage tank with an ultraviolet sterilizer. The water outlet of the water storage tank is connected to the front end of the Venturi fertilizer injector to realize rainwater collection and reuse for irrigation.

7. The precision water and fertilizer management system for mountain rosemary according to claim 1, characterized in that, The decision control layer also has a built-in rosemary essential oil prediction model. This model takes the canopy temperature, normalized vegetation index and soil moisture data of the current control zone as input and outputs the predicted essential oil content. Before the rosemary enters the harvest period, the decision control layer generates a water-controlling and fragrance-enhancing fertilizer prescription based on this.

8. A method for precise water and fertilizer integration in the cultivation of rosemary in mountainous areas, employing the system described in any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Land preparation and transplanting: Generate a planting plan map based on the digital elevation model of the planting area. Increase the planting density of rosemary by 10%-15% compared to the standard density in sunny slope areas and decrease the planting density by 10%-15% compared to the standard density in shady slope areas. After ridging along the contour lines and covering with grass-suppressing cloth, transplant the rosemary seedlings. S2. Differentiated water and fertilizer management: The system collects soil and meteorological data of each control zone in real time, determines the water and fertilizer prescription for each zone through the rosemary growth period water and fertilizer demand model and the mountain terrain analysis module, and controls the pressure compensation pipeline network and Venturi fertilizer injector of the mountain zone for zoned rotation irrigation; S3. Pre-harvest regulation: 7-10 days before the scheduled harvest, the decision control layer outputs the estimated essential oil content through the rosemary essential oil prediction model. If it is lower than the threshold or needs to be further increased, the water control and aroma enhancement irrigation plan is implemented to maintain the soil moisture content at 40%-50% of field capacity until harvest.

9. The method for precise integrated water and fertilizer management of rosemary in mountainous areas according to claim 8, characterized in that, The water control and aroma enhancement irrigation scheme includes: reducing the amount of irrigation per irrigation compared to the vegetative growth period, and simultaneously increasing the application of potassium fertilizer and trace elements through the Venturi fertilizer injector, so that the potassium ion concentration in the irrigation solution is increased by 25%-35% compared to the vegetative growth period, and supplementing boron and zinc elements to promote the synthesis and accumulation of terpenoids in rosemary leaves.

10. The method for precise integrated water and fertilizer management of rosemary in mountainous areas according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes post-harvest recovery management steps: after each harvest, the decision control layer first generates a permeable irrigation prescription to leach root salts based on the detection data of the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ion selective electrode sensor, and then generates an organic liquid fertilizer supplement prescription; at the same time, combined with pruning and spraying chitosan solution, it induces the rosemary plants to produce systemic resistance and quickly restore vegetative growth.

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