A nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of nuclear reactor control, and particularly to a nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system and method. The system includes a data collection module, a fault diagnosis module, and a control strategy planning and decision-making module. The data collection module acquires reactor operating condition and performance data through sensors. The fault diagnosis module reads the data collected by the data collection module and uses a rule engine to determine the fault status of the nuclear reactor system and equipment. The control strategy planning and decision-making module divides the operating conditions according to the operating loop, filters achievable operating conditions based on the distance between the current system state and the ideal operating condition, evaluates each achievable operating condition, and selects the achievable operating condition with the highest evaluation as the target operating condition. It then issues commands to the reactor's existing control system to execute specific low-level control actions, thereby switching the reactor to the target operating condition. This method evaluates the current operating state of the nuclear reactor using acquired nuclear reactor operating condition and performance data, calculates the currently achievable operating conditions, and outputs the current optimal target operating condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear reactor control, and in particular to a nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, a series of research explorations based on adaptive dynamic programming methods have emerged in the field of nuclear reactor power control technology in China. These studies focus primarily on the power control problem of nuclear reactors, particularly the in-depth analysis and discussion of load tracking control strategies. However, from a macroscopic perspective of the overall control strategy, these studies often emphasize the design of low-level control logic or local optimization, lacking overall control strategy planning. They fail to construct a clear, logically coherent, and universally applicable overall control strategy framework. This means that the research results cannot assist or replace operators in deciding which control strategy to adopt when integrating and applying them. Most existing overall control strategy research is limited to normal reactor operation conditions, and the design of its control range has significant limitations.

[0003] In summary, current research findings have significant shortcomings, both in constructing a global, system-level control strategy framework and in expanding the adaptability and robustness of control strategies to cover more complete operating scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making method to address the lack of overall control strategies and abnormal operating condition control research in existing nuclear reactor control research.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: This invention proposes a nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system, which includes a data collection module, a fault diagnosis module, and a control strategy planning and decision-making module. The data collection module collects reactor operating condition and performance data through sensors. The fault diagnosis module reads the data collected by the data collection module and uses the rule engine to determine the fault status of the nuclear reactor system and equipment. The control strategy planning and decision-making module divides the operating conditions according to the operating loop, filters the reachable operating conditions based on the distance between the current system state and the ideal operating condition, evaluates each reachable operating condition, and selects the reachable operating condition with the highest evaluation as the target operating condition. The control strategy planning and decision-making module needs to issue instructions to the existing reactor control system to execute specific control actions at the lower level, thereby switching the reactor to the target operating condition.

[0006] In some embodiments, the data collection module collects operating condition data and performance data through the reactor system, energy conversion system, and auxiliary systems.

[0007] In some embodiments, the fault diagnosis module has a built-in rule engine. The rule engine sets fault thresholds for system and equipment parameters. The rule engine compares the data collection module with the fault thresholds to determine the fault status of the nuclear reactor system and equipment.

[0008] In some embodiments, the control strategy planning and decision-making module divides the operating conditions according to the operating loops and establishes a standard operating condition table based on the divided operating conditions. The standard operating condition table records the expected start-up and shutdown status of all major systems and loops under each operating condition. The systems include power systems, primary loop systems, secondary loop systems, and auxiliary systems.

[0009] In some embodiments, the standard operating condition table uses numerical values ​​to represent the state of each system. The system state data comes from the fault diagnosis module. The value is 1 when the system is running normally, -2 when a fault occurs, and 0 when there is no fault and the system is not started. The standard state of each system under the m-th operating condition can be represented as a vector. As shown in formula (1) (1) Among them, a m1 Let m be the state of system 1 under the m-th operating condition; the standard operating condition table T includes the standard states of the system under all m operating conditions, as shown in formula (2): (2) Standard operating condition table T also includes the standard operating loop number status. Standard operating loop count status The number of loops that should be running at present is given by the standard operating number of loops for the m-th operating condition. .

[0010] In some embodiments, the control strategy planning and decision-making module filters reachable operating conditions based on the distance between the current system state and the ideal operating condition. Specifically, this includes: the control strategy planning and decision-making module reads the current state of each system in real time, and the state of the nth system is... That is, the total number of operating loops required. All system states are merged into a vector. As shown in formula (3): (3) The control strategy planning and decision-making module calculates the distance between the current system state and the standard operating condition table. Record the distance between the current system state and the m-th standard operating condition as... As shown in formula (4): (4) in, Let this be the current state vector of the system. Let m be the standard state of each system under the m-th operating condition; calculate the distance between the total required number of operating loops and the standard number of operating loops for each operating condition. And generate a combined distance vector as As shown in formula (5): (5) Among them, l m According to distance Generate and determine distance Is it less than 0? If less than 0, then l m =-3, if If not less than 0, then l m =0; The control strategy planning and decision-making module determines the distance vector for each working condition. If the minimum value is greater than or equal to -2, the condition is considered an reachable condition.

[0011] In some embodiments, the control strategy planning and decision module calculates a score for each reachable operating condition, and comprehensively evaluates each reachable operating condition by combining power output capability, safety, reliability, the number of operations required to reach the target operating condition, and the ability to deal with abnormal events, and selects the operating condition with the highest score as the target operating condition.

[0012] In some embodiments, the control strategy planning and decision-making module calculates a score for each achievable operating condition. The power output capability score is positively correlated with the number of operating loops; the safety score is assessed based on the risk of overheating, with higher coolant flow rates and lower reactor power resulting in higher scores; the reliability score is assessed based on the failure rate calculated from the system fault tree, and is inversely proportional to the failure rate; the number of operations required to reach the target operating condition is assessed based on the number of systems that need to be operated, and is inversely proportional to the number of systems that need to be operated; and the ability to respond to abnormal events is assessed based on the number of currently operating systems, and is positively correlated with the number of currently operating systems. The control strategy planning and decision-making module weights and sums these five scores—power output capability, safety, reliability, number of operations required to reach the target operating condition, and ability to respond to abnormal events—to obtain a comprehensive score for the operating condition, and selects the operating condition with the highest score as the target operating condition.

[0013] In some embodiments, after determining the target operating condition, the reactor control module sends instructions to the reactor control system. These instructions include reactor power target, load target, start / stop of each loop, start / stop of energy conversion system, and start / stop of auxiliary system. Upon receiving the instructions, the reactor control system executes them one by one, switching the reactor system to the target operating condition.

[0014] This invention proposes a nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making method, the method comprising: Step 1: The data collection module collects operating condition and performance data of the nuclear reactor through sensors and data acquisition equipment; Step 2: The fault diagnosis module uses a rule engine to analyze the collected data and diagnose the fault status of the nuclear reactor; Step 3: The control strategy planning and decision-making module calculates the reachability of each standard operating condition based on the current state parameters of the nuclear reactor; Step 4: The control strategy planning and decision-making module comprehensively considers power output capability, safety, reliability, the number of operations required to reach the target operating condition, and the ability to deal with abnormal events, evaluates the score of each achievable operating condition, and selects the achievable operating condition with the highest score as the target operating condition. Step 5: The reactor control module sends an operation command to the control system according to the target operating condition, so that the system switches to the target operating condition.

[0015] The following benefits can be obtained by implementing this invention. This invention provides a nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system and method. The method evaluates the current operating state of the nuclear reactor using operating condition and performance data acquired by sensors. It assesses the current operating state based on the collected data and calculates the currently achievable operating conditions. Combining upper-level commands, system capabilities, and safety considerations, it comprehensively evaluates all achievable operating conditions and outputs the operating condition with the highest evaluation as the optimal target operating condition. This invention enhances the intelligence of nuclear reactor control, replacing operators in handling both normal and abnormal operating conditions as designed, significantly reducing the operator's workload, and improving system response speed and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention; Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention proposes a nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system, which includes: a data collection module, a fault diagnosis module, and a control strategy planning and decision-making module. The data collection module collects the following data by deploying sensors on-site in the reactor system, energy conversion system, and auxiliary systems: operating condition data and performance data. Operating condition data includes the operating status of each loop, the working status of each auxiliary system, and the self-test results of each system and equipment. Performance data includes nuclear power, temperature of each loop, pressure of each loop, flow rate of each loop, and the on / off status of pumps and valves in each system. All data is uploaded to the data collection module for subsequent display, monitoring, and system status judgment.

[0019] The fault diagnosis module has a built-in rule engine. The rule engine sets fault thresholds for system and equipment parameters. The rule engine compares the data collection module with the fault thresholds to determine the fault status of the nuclear reactor system and equipment.

[0020] The control strategy planning and decision-making module divides the operating conditions according to the operating loop, filters the reachable operating conditions based on the distance between the current system state and the ideal operating condition, and comprehensively evaluates each reachable operating condition by combining power output capability, safety, reliability, the number of operations required to reach the target operating condition, and the ability to deal with abnormal events, and then filters out the target operating condition.

[0021] The control strategy planning and decision-making module divides operating conditions according to the operating loops. For example, operating condition 1 is when loop 1 is running, operating condition 2 is when loop 2 is running, and operating conditions 3 are when loops 1 and 2 are running simultaneously. Then, a reactor standard operating condition table is established, which records the corresponding system standard states under each operating condition, including the operating states of the power system, primary loop system, secondary loop system, auxiliary systems, etc.

[0022] Standard operating condition tables use numerical values ​​to represent the state of each system, for example, using... This represents the state of system 2 under operating condition 1. The system state is obtained from the fault diagnosis module. The value is 1 when the system is running normally, -2 when a fault occurs, and 0 when there is no fault and the system is not started. The standard state of each system under the m-th operating condition can be represented as a vector. As shown in formula (2) (1) The standard operating condition table is a table consisting of the standard states of the system under all m operating conditions. As shown in formula (2): (2) In addition, a standard operating loop number status is set. This indicates how many loops should be running currently. The standard operating number of loops for the m-th operating condition is... This value is a positive integer not greater than the total number of loops. For example, when loop 1 is running, this value is 1; when loop 2 is running, this value is 1; and when loops 1, 2, and 3 are running, this value is 3.

[0023] The control strategy planning and decision-making module reads the current status of each system in real time, the status of the nth system is, and the overall required number of running loops. All system states are merged into a vector. : (3) The control strategy planning and decision-making module calculates the distance between the current system state and the standard operating condition table. That is, the current system state vector minus the system standard state vector under each operating condition, and the distance between the current system state and the m-th standard operating condition is recorded as... As shown in formula (4): (4) Simultaneously calculate the distance between the overall required number of operating loops and the standard number of operating loops for each operating condition. And determine whether the difference is less than 0. If it is less than 0, then in the corresponding Add one later If it is not less than 0, then in the corresponding... Add one The combined distance vector is As shown in formula (5): (5) Then determine the distance vector for each working condition. If the minimum value in the condition is less than -2, then the condition is currently unattainable; otherwise, the condition is attainable.

[0024] The control strategy planning and decision-making module ultimately calculates a score for each reachable operating condition. It comprehensively evaluates each reachable condition based on power output capability, safety, reliability, the number of operations required to reach the target operating condition, and the ability to handle abnormal events. The operating condition with the highest score is selected as the target operating condition. Power output capability is directly related to the number of operating loops; the power output capability score equals the number of operating loops. For example, if only one loop is operating, the score is 1; if three loops are operating, the score is 3. Safety is directly related to thermal risk; higher coolant flow rate and lower reactor power result in a higher score. For example, if the flow rate is 1 unit and the power is 1 unit, the score is 1; if the flow rate is 2 units and the power is 1 unit, the score is 2; if the flow rate is 1 unit and the power is 0.5 units, the score is 2. Reliability is directly related to the failure rate extrapolated from the system fault tree. For example, the failure rate of the underlying infrastructure (obtained from component manufacturers or historical experience) is used to extrapolate the failure rate of higher-level equipment or systems. If the overall failure rate is 0.1%, this item scores 1; if the overall failure rate is 0.01%, this item scores 10. The number of operations required to reach the target operating condition is directly related to the number of systems that need to be operated, i.e., the distance... The number of items with values ​​of 1 or -1 (a value of 1 indicates the system is not started under standard conditions (value 0), and needs to be started now (value 1); a value of -1 indicates the system is started under standard conditions (value 1), and needs to be shut down now (value 0)). For example, if the number of systems to be operated is 0, this item scores 10; if the number of systems to be operated is 1, this item scores 9. The ability to handle abnormal events refers to the system's ability to maintain operation after an additional abnormal event occurs under this operating condition. It is directly related to the number of systems currently operating normally. For example, if all systems are operating normally, this item scores 10; if one system fails, this item scores 9. Finally, these five items are weighted and summed to obtain the comprehensive score for this operating condition. The scoring rules and weights for each item need to be determined based on the system's characteristics and overall objectives. For example, if an unplanned decrease in system output power would result in significant economic losses, the weight of power output capability should be increased. If the system has a strong ability to cope with temperature changes, the difference in safety scores under different flow rates can be narrowed, or the weight of safety can be reduced. If the system has high inherent safety, the difference in scores for the ability to handle abnormal events under different operating conditions can be narrowed. Finally, the operating condition with the highest score is selected as the target operating condition.

[0025] After determining the target operating condition, the reactor control module sends corresponding instructions to the control system, including adjustment targets such as reactor power and load, and start / stop instructions for each loop, energy conversion system, and auxiliary system. The control system receives the instructions and executes them one by one, switching the system to the target operating condition. For example, if the overall requirement is 100% power operation and the diagnostic result shows all systems are normal, then instructions such as 100% power and start all loops are issued. During the decision-making process, the model continues to calculate the target operating condition in real time. If an anomaly occurs during the switching process, preventing the switching, the decision model will calculate a new target operating condition and issue new instructions. For example, if two loops are currently operating, and the diagnostic result shows a power outage in the cooling system of one loop, then the instruction for that loop will be changed to shutdown.

[0026] This invention uses a nuclear reactor simulation model as an example to perform control strategy planning and decision-making. The nuclear reactor simulation model includes a reactor physics model, a thermal-hydraulic model, and a control system model, capable of simulating the reactor, primary loop, secondary loop, and control system, among other major systems.

[0027] First, the data collection module reads real-time data from the simulation model, including core power, loop temperature, loop pressure, loop flow, and the on / off status of pumps and valves in each system. Based on the collected data, the fault diagnosis module uses a rule engine to diagnose faults in the system and equipment. Taking a fault in loop 1 as an example, the initial state is 100% power and all systems are working normally, with all system states set to 1. When the flow in loop 1 is detected to be below the normal threshold, it is diagnosed as a fault in that loop, and the corresponding loop state is set to -2.

[0028] The control strategy planning and decision-making module calculates the distance between the current state and the standard operating condition table based on the diagnostic results of the fault diagnosis module, and determines the reachability of each operating condition. For example, if loop 1 is faulty at this time, the distance vector of operating conditions including loop 1 (such as loop 1 running, loops 1 and 2 running, loops 1 and 3 running, and loops 1, 2, and 3 running) will have -3 items, indicating that the operating condition is in an unreachable state.

[0029] The control strategy planning and decision-making module comprehensively evaluates each achievable operating condition by considering factors such as power output capability, safety, reliability, the number of operations required to reach the target operating condition, and the ability to handle abnormal events. For example, if switching to loops 2 and 3 is currently the operating condition with the highest power output, strongest heat-carrying capacity, fewest operation steps, and the ability to maintain operation even in the event of some abnormalities, it will receive the highest overall score. Therefore, this operating condition will be selected as the target operating condition, and the corresponding power adjustment and loop 1 shutdown instructions will be issued to the control system.

[0030] The reactor control module, acting on instructions, adjusted power and shut down loop 1, switching the system to the target operating condition. If a cooling anomaly occurs in main pump 2 during or after the switch, the decision model will set the state of loop 2 to -2, making the operating condition including loop 2 unattainable. The control strategy planning and decision module re-evaluates the situation and determines that loop 3 is the most suitable operating condition, then issues corresponding power adjustment and loop 2 shutdown instructions to the control system. Finally, the system stabilizes back at the target operating condition; the entire process is fully automated by the model.

[0031] This invention proposes a nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making method, which includes: Step 1: The data collection module collects operating condition and performance data of the nuclear reactor through sensors and data acquisition equipment; Step 2: The fault diagnosis module uses a rule engine to analyze the collected data and diagnose the fault status of the nuclear reactor; Step 3: The control strategy planning and decision-making module calculates the reachability of each standard operating condition based on the current state parameters of the nuclear reactor; Step 4: The control strategy planning and decision-making module comprehensively considers power output capability, safety, reliability, the number of operations required to reach the target operating condition, and the ability to deal with abnormal events, evaluates the score of each achievable operating condition, and selects the operating condition with the highest score as the target operating condition. Step 5: The reactor control module sends operation commands such as adjusting power, starting or stopping various systems or pumps and valves to the control system according to the target operating condition, so that the system switches to the target operating condition.

[0032] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system, characterized in that, The system includes a data collection module, a fault diagnosis module, and a control strategy planning and decision-making module. The data collection module collects reactor operating condition and performance data through sensors. The fault diagnosis module reads the data collected by the data collection module and uses the rule engine to determine the fault status of the nuclear reactor system and equipment. The control strategy planning and decision-making module divides the operating conditions according to the operating loop, filters the reachable operating conditions based on the distance between the current system state and the ideal operating condition, evaluates each reachable operating condition, and selects the reachable operating condition with the highest evaluation as the target operating condition. The aforementioned nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system needs to issue instructions to the reactor's existing control system, enabling it to execute specific control actions at the lower level, thereby switching the reactor to the target operating condition.

2. The nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data collection module collects operating condition and performance data of the reactor system, energy conversion system, and auxiliary systems through sensors and data acquisition equipment.

3. The nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fault diagnosis module has a built-in rule engine. The rule engine sets fault thresholds for system and equipment parameters. The rule engine compares the collected operating condition data and performance data with the fault thresholds to determine the fault status of the nuclear reactor system and equipment.

4. The nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control strategy planning and decision-making module divides the operating conditions according to the operating loops and establishes a standard operating condition table based on the operating conditions. The standard operating condition table records the expected start-up and shutdown status of all major systems and loops under each operating condition. The systems include power systems, primary loop systems, secondary loop systems, and auxiliary systems.

5. The nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The standard operating condition table uses numerical values ​​to represent the state of each system. The system state data comes from the fault diagnosis module. The value is 1 when the system is running normally, -2 when a fault occurs, and 0 when there is no fault and the system is not started. The standard state of each system under the m-th operating condition can be represented as a vector. As shown in formula (1) （1） Among them, a m1 This represents the state of system 1 under the m-th operating condition; The standard operating condition table T includes the standard states of the system under all m operating conditions, as shown in formula (2): （2） The standard operating condition table T also includes the standard operating loop count status. The standard operating loop number status The number of loops that should be running at present is given by the standard operating number of loops for the m-th operating condition. .

6. The nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control strategy planning and decision-making module filters reachable operating conditions based on the distance between the current system state and the ideal operating condition. Specifically, this includes: the control strategy planning and decision-making module reads the current state of each system in real time, and the state of the nth system is... and the overall requirement for the number of operating loops All system states are merged into a vector. As shown in formula (3): （3） The control strategy planning and decision-making module calculates the distance between the current system state and the standard operating condition table. Record the distance between the current system state and the m-th standard operating condition as... As shown in formula (4): （4） in, Let this be the current state vector of the system. Let m be the standard state of each system under the m-th operating condition; calculate the distance between the total required number of operating loops and the standard number of operating loops for each operating condition. And generate a combined distance vector as As shown in formula (5): （5） Among them, l m According to distance Generate and determine distance Is it less than 0? If less than 0, then l m =-3, if If not less than 0, then l m =0; the control strategy planning and decision module determines the distance vector for each working condition. If the minimum value is greater than or equal to -2, the condition is considered an reachable condition.

7. The nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control strategy planning and decision-making module calculates a score for each reachable operating condition, and comprehensively evaluates each reachable operating condition by combining power output capability, safety, reliability, the number of operations required to reach the target operating condition, and the ability to deal with abnormal events. The operating condition with the highest score is selected as the target operating condition.

8. The nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the control strategy planning and decision-making module, the power output capability score is positively correlated with the number of operating loops in the calculation of each achievable operating condition. The safety score is evaluated based on the heat risk, and the higher the coolant flow rate and the lower the reactor power, the higher the score of the operating condition. The reliability score is an assessment of the failure rate calculated from the system fault tree, and the reliability score is inversely proportional to the failure rate. The score for the number of operations required to reach the target operating condition is based on the number of systems that need to be operated, and the score for the number of operations required to reach the target operating condition is inversely proportional to the number of systems that need to be operated; the score for the ability to respond to abnormal events is based on the number of systems that are currently operating normally, and the score for the ability to respond to abnormal events is positively correlated with the number of systems that are currently operating normally; the control strategy planning and decision-making module calculates a comprehensive score for the operating condition by weighting and summing five scores: power output capability, safety, reliability, number of operations required to reach the target operating condition, and ability to respond to abnormal events, and selects the operating condition with the highest score as the target operating condition.

9. A nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making system according to claim 1, characterized in that, After determining the target operating condition, the reactor control module sends instructions to the reactor control system. These instructions include the reactor power target, load target, start / stop of each loop, start / stop of the energy conversion system, and start / stop of the auxiliary system. Upon receiving the instructions, the reactor control system executes them one by one, switching the reactor system to the target operating condition.

10. A nuclear reactor control strategy planning and decision-making method, wherein the method employs the system of any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes: Step 1: The data collection module collects operating condition and performance data of the nuclear reactor through sensors and data acquisition equipment; Step 2: The fault diagnosis module uses a rule engine to analyze the collected data and diagnose the fault status of the nuclear reactor; Step 3: The control strategy planning and decision-making module calculates the reachability of each standard operating condition based on the current state parameters of the nuclear reactor; Step 4: The control strategy planning and decision-making module comprehensively considers power output capability, safety, reliability, the number of operations required to reach the target operating condition, and the ability to deal with abnormal events, evaluates the score of each achievable operating condition, and selects the achievable operating condition with the highest score as the target operating condition. Step 5: The reactor control module sends an operation command to the control system according to the target operating condition, so that the system switches to the target operating condition.

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