An adaptive control system and method for deformation adjustment of historical building structures

Abstract

This application relates to the field of building structure underpinning technology, and provides an adaptive deformation control system and method for underpinning historical building structures. The system includes a monitoring controller, a sensor array, and a deformation control mechanism. The sensor array is deployed on the historical building to collect multi-source state data. The deformation control mechanism is used to support the direct load-bearing components above the component to be underpinned, and includes a first lifting component and a second lifting component located on both sides of the component to be underpinned, and a support limiting component supported at their top ends. Based on the data collected by the sensor array, the monitoring controller automatically adjusts the support force and attitude of the deformation control mechanism to maintain the deformation of the historical building within a safe threshold.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building structure underpinning technology, specifically relating to an adaptive control system and method for deformation underpinning of historical building structures. Background Technology

[0002] Historical buildings carry significant historical and cultural value. When performing structural replacement work on historical buildings, temporary supports and load transfer are necessary. Current technologies often combine manual monitoring with simple support adjustments. The core drawback of this approach is that the monitoring and support control systems operate independently, failing to achieve data-driven adaptive control. During construction, even if abnormal structural deformation is detected, manual adjustment of the support equipment relies on experience, resulting in delayed response and poor accuracy. This can easily lead to structural displacement, localized overload, or even secondary damage to the historical building due to untimely adjustments or uneven support forces.

[0003] In addition, existing technologies also have problems such as limited monitoring methods, difficulty in fully grasping multi-dimensional states such as horizontal displacement, tilt angle, component stress, and internal damage, as well as poor adaptability of support equipment, making it impossible to flexibly adjust the support posture to adapt to different historical building beam and column structures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an adaptive control system and method for the deformation of historical building structures, so as to solve the problem that the monitoring and control links in the existing control system are disconnected and cannot be automatically and accurately controlled according to the real-time deformation status of the structure.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention proposes an adaptive control system for the deformation of a historical building structure underpinning, comprising: Monitoring controller; A sensor array is deployed on the historical building to collect multi-source status data of the historical building in real time. The multi-source status data includes at least displacement data, tilt angle data, stress and strain data, and internal damage data. At least one deformation control mechanism is used to provide temporary vertical support force under the direct load-bearing member above the member to be replaced during the underpinning construction. The deformation control mechanism includes: The first lifting assembly and the second lifting assembly are respectively disposed on both sides of the component to be lifted and replaced, and are used to lift the direct load-bearing component; A support limiting component spans and supports the top of the first lifting component and the second lifting component, and is used to conform to the side of the direct load-bearing component to provide lateral restraint. The monitoring controller is connected to the sensor group and the deformation control mechanism respectively, and is configured to: automatically adjust the support force and support posture of the deformation control mechanism according to the multi-source state data collected in real time by the sensor group, so as to keep the deformation state of the historical building within a preset safety threshold.

[0006] Furthermore, when the component to be replaced is a structural column, the direct load-bearing component is a first beam supported above the structural column; when the component to be replaced is a first beam, the direct load-bearing component is a second beam supported above the first beam.

[0007] Furthermore, the sensor group includes: The displacement monitoring group includes a laser displacement sensor for non-contact monitoring of component displacement and a linear variable differential displacement sensor for contact monitoring of component connection displacement. The attitude and stress monitoring group includes tilt sensors for monitoring the tilt angle of components and stress-strain gauges for monitoring the stress of components; and The damage monitoring group includes acoustic emission sensors for monitoring microcracks and damage development trends within components; The tilt sensors are deployed on the four outer corners of the historical building, the central axis, and the components adjacent to the component to be replaced.

[0008] Furthermore, the sensor group also includes at least one of the following: A piezoelectric accelerometer is installed on a component in the vicinity of the component to be replaced to monitor the vibration response; A pressure sensor installed at the contact point between the deformation control mechanism and the direct load-bearing component is used to monitor the pressure at the auxiliary support point. Crack gauges installed in existing cracks and weak areas of the historical building are used to monitor changes in crack width; and Temperature sensors installed on the inner and outer surfaces of the historical building are used to monitor the temperature in real time in order to compensate for the stress and strain data.

[0009] Furthermore, the first lifting component and the second lifting component each independently include: Base; The lifting hydraulic cylinder is vertically fixed on the base; The lifting beam is raised and lowered by the lifting hydraulic cylinder. A vertical guide and limiting mechanism, used to constrain the lifting beam to move only in the vertical direction, includes a lifting and limiting rod fixedly connected to the base, and a first lifting and limiting sleeve and a second lifting and limiting sleeve fixedly connected to the lifting beam and slidably sleeved on the lifting and limiting rod; and The lateral limiting mechanism includes a lateral limiting hydraulic cylinder fixed on the lifting vertical beam and a lateral limiting plate connected to the end of the piston rod of the lateral limiting hydraulic cylinder, which is used to apply a horizontal constraint force to the side of the directly load-bearing member.

[0010] Furthermore, the support limiting component includes: The support plate has its bottom ends supported by the tops of the lifting beams of the first lifting assembly and the second lifting assembly, respectively. At least one pair of side limiting frames are disposed opposite to each other on the support cross plate for clamping the sides of the directly load-bearing member; and A width adjustment mechanism is disposed within the support cross plate and is connected in a transmission manner to at least one of the side limiting frames, for adjusting the distance between two opposing side limiting frames.

[0011] Furthermore, the support limiting component also includes: An inclined support hydraulic cylinder, the bottom end of which is hinged to the end of the support cross plate, and the telescopic end of which is connected to the top of the corresponding side limiting frame, to provide an adjustable inclined support force; and The modular support is fixed to the top of the side limiting frame and connected to the telescopic end of the inclined support hydraulic cylinder through its built-in universal ball joint to achieve adaptive angle adjustment.

[0012] Furthermore, a side positioning plate is detachably installed on the side limiting frame. The side of the side positioning plate that contacts the direct load-bearing member is a flat surface or a concave arc surface to accommodate direct load-bearing members with different cross-sectional shapes.

[0013] Furthermore, the preset control algorithm of the monitoring controller executes the following adaptive regulation strategy: When the detected displacement deviation exceeds the preset threshold, the supporting force of the corresponding lifting hydraulic cylinder is adjusted through the PID algorithm to compensate for the displacement deviation. When the detected horizontal deviation or tilt angle exceeds the preset threshold, a fuzzy logic control algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the output force of each of the side limit hydraulic cylinders, and / or to differentially adjust the lifting speed and displacement of the first lifting component and the second lifting component to generate a correction force or correction torque. When the damage monitoring group detects microcracks and damage development trends inside the component that exceed the preset threshold, all hydraulic cylinders are locked and an alarm signal is issued.

[0014] Furthermore, the monitoring controller divides the deformation state of the historical building into a safe zone, a warning zone, and a danger zone; When the system is in the safe zone, it maintains its current output. When the area is in the warning zone, the adaptive control strategy is activated for fine-tuning. When in the danger zone, at least one of the hydraulic locking mechanism and the mechanical locking mechanism shall be activated immediately, and the integrated audible and visual alarm shall be triggered.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention also proposes an adaptive control method for the underpinning deformation of historical building structures, implemented based on the adaptive control system for the underpinning deformation of historical building structures, comprising the following steps: Depending on the type of component to be replaced, the deformation control mechanism is installed below the direct load-bearing component above the component to be replaced; Control all deformation adjustment mechanisms to perform pre-tightening operation on the directly load-bearing components, so that each support point reaches the preset initial pressure; During the synchronous load transfer process, multi-source state data collected by a sensor array are received in real time. The multi-source state data includes at least displacement data, tilt angle data, stress and strain data, and internal damage data. After performing temperature drift compensation and filtering on the collected data, it is determined whether the current deformation state of the historical building falls into the preset warning zone or danger zone. If the area is in the warning zone, a correction adjustment command for at least one deformation control mechanism will be automatically generated and executed according to the preset hierarchical control strategy. The correction adjustment command includes at least one of vertical support force adjustment, lateral limit force adjustment and bilateral differential lifting adjustment. If the area is in a danger zone, immediately issue a mechanism lockout command and sound an alarm.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by integrating a sensor group for state perception, a monitoring controller as the control center, and a deformation control mechanism with multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment capabilities into a single system, this system can be flexibly deployed according to the type of component to be replaced, precisely supporting it under the direct load-bearing component above it. Based on real-time deformation data of the structure, it automatically and accurately adjusts the support force and posture, solving the fundamental problems of disconnect between monitoring and control, delayed response, and poor control accuracy in traditional methods. This ensures uniform load transfer, effectively avoids local overload or structural displacement, significantly improves the safety of replacement construction, and plays a crucial protective role for historical buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the control system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of the deformation control mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial sectional view of the structure; Figure 4 for Figure 2A schematic diagram of the supporting and limiting components; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another state of the structure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the combined support of the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram of the second lifting component; Figure 9 for Figure 8 A partially enlarged structural diagram of the second lifting limit sleeve; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor group in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Monitoring controller; 2. Sound and light integrated alarm; 3. Display terminal; 4. Sensor group; 5. Deformation control mechanism; 6. Historical building; 7. Laser displacement sensor; 8. Linear variable differential displacement sensor; 9. Piezoelectric accelerometer; 10. Stress strain gauge; 11. Tilt sensor; 12. Pressure sensor; 13. Crack gauge; 14. Acoustic emission sensor; 15. Temperature sensor; 16. First lifting assembly; 17. Second lifting assembly; 18. Support limiting assembly; 19. Base; 20. Lifting hydraulic cylinder; 21. Lifting vertical beam; 22. Positioning frame; 23. Lifting limit rod; 24. First 25. Lifting limit sleeve; 26. Second lifting limit sleeve; 27. Side limit hydraulic cylinder; 28. Side limit plate; 29. ​​Lifting support; 30. Limiting through groove; 31. Limiting roller; 32. Supporting cross plate; 33. Handwheel; 34. Drive bevel gear; 35. Lead screw; 36. Driven bevel gear; 37. Moving limit seat; 38. Side limit frame; 39. Side positioning plate; 40. Support; 41. Inclined support hydraulic cylinder; 42. Combined support; 43. Strip groove; 44. Side limit groove; 45. Limiting groove; 46. Groove; 47. Bolt; 48. Support body; 49. Universal ball sleeve; 50. Universal ball head; 51. Insertion hole.

[0019] In the diagram, the letters are labeled: A, structural column; B, longitudinal beam; C, transverse beam. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Depend on Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides an adaptive control system for deformation of historical building structures, the core architecture of which includes: a monitoring controller 1, an integrated sound and light alarm 2, a display terminal 3, a sensor group 4, and several deformation control mechanisms 5. The monitoring controller 1 serves as the control center of the system and is electrically connected to all other components.

[0022] Sensor array 4 is distributed and installed at predetermined monitoring points within the historical building 6 to collect multi-dimensional status data of the building structure in real time. Deformation control mechanism 5 is flexibly deployed below the directly load-bearing components above the component to be replaced, depending on the type of component to be replaced. During system operation, the data collected by sensor array 4 is transmitted to monitoring controller 1. Monitoring controller 1 filters, temperature-compensates, and analyzes the data to determine the current structural deformation state and outputs commands according to a preset control strategy, driving deformation control mechanism 5 to adjust its support force, position, or attitude in real time. When any monitored parameter exceeds the set safety threshold, monitoring controller 1 immediately activates the integrated audible and visual alarm 2 to issue a warning or alarm, and displays the abnormal information visually on display terminal 3.

[0023] Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a partial structure of a typical historical building (6), where a first beam, denoted as longitudinal beam B, supports a structural column A; above longitudinal beam B, multiple second beams, denoted as transverse beams C, are arranged at intervals along its length. It must be understood that this is merely an example, and the scope of protection of this invention is not limited thereto; the vertical positions of the first and second beams can be interchanged.

[0024] Scenario 1: Replacing structural column A. In this scenario, the component to be replaced is structural column A, and its direct load-bearing component is the longitudinal beam B (the first beam) supporting it. The deformation control mechanism 5 is installed below the longitudinal beam B, close to structural column A. Its function is to lift and hold the longitudinal beam B, temporarily bearing the load originally transferred from structural column A to the longitudinal beam B.

[0025] Working Condition 2: Replacing Longitudinal Beam B. In this case, the component to be replaced is longitudinal beam B (the first beam), and its direct load-bearing component is the crossbeam C (the second beam) supporting it. The deformation control mechanism 5 is installed below the crossbeam C and close to the longitudinal beam B. Its function is to lift and hold the crossbeam C, creating a safe unloading space for the replacement of longitudinal beam B.

[0026] Therefore, the deformation control mechanism 5 provided by the present invention is a general-purpose temporary support system that can be flexibly arranged according to the construction object.

[0027] Reference Figure 10 To achieve comprehensive and accurate perception of the structural state of historical buildings, the sensor group 4 of this invention adopts a multi-sensor combination scheme, specifically including: Laser displacement sensor 7 is deployed on the periphery of the historical building 6 to perform non-contact, high-precision displacement monitoring of the ends and center of the main components on the top of the building.

[0028] The linear variable differential displacement sensor 8 is installed at the connection of the main building components to achieve contact-type position monitoring. It complements the laser displacement sensor 7 to ensure the reliability of displacement data under various working conditions.

[0029] The piezoelectric accelerometer 9 is installed on the building components in the vicinity of the component to be replaced, and is used to monitor the vibration response during construction.

[0030] The stress strain gauge 10 is installed at key stress-bearing parts such as the middle of the supporting beam, supports, load-bearing columns and beam end connection points to monitor the stress state of the components in real time.

[0031] Tilt sensors 11 are installed on the four corners of the outer perimeter of the historical building 6, the central axis, and the building components adjacent to the components to be replaced. They are used to monitor the overall tilt and torsion of the structure, as well as the minute rotation angles of local nodes. This is the key data source for the system of this invention to achieve precise attitude correction.

[0032] Pressure sensors 12 are installed at the contact points between each hydraulic cylinder and the direct load-bearing component in the deformation control mechanism 5 to provide real-time feedback on the actual support pressure at each support point.

[0033] Crack meter 13 is installed across existing cracks and structurally weak areas in a building to monitor the dynamic changes and expansion trends of crack width.

[0034] Acoustic emission sensor 14 is installed on the surface of building components in the vicinity of the component to be replaced. It is used to capture transient elastic waves released inside these building components in real time due to the generation, propagation or damage accumulation of microcracks, so as to realize early warning of internal damage.

[0035] Temperature sensor 15 is installed on the inner and outer surfaces of the historical building 6 to monitor the ambient and structural temperatures in real time. Monitoring controller 1 uses temperature data to calculate compensation for spurious strain caused by thermal expansion and contraction, thereby obtaining the true stress and strain state of the structure.

[0036] Reference Figures 1 to 9 The deformation control mechanism 5 is the core of the adaptive control mechanism. A deformation control mechanism 5 consists of a first lifting component 16, a second lifting component 17, and a support limiting component 18.

[0037] The first lifting assembly 16 and the second lifting assembly 17 are arranged in a mirror-symmetric configuration, respectively on both sides of the component to be lifted. Their main function is to lift and support the bottom surface of the directly load-bearing component, providing strong vertical support to transfer the load of the upper structure. The support limiting assembly 18 spans the top of the first lifting assembly 16 and the second lifting assembly 17 and is in contact with the side of the directly load-bearing component, mainly providing horizontal constraint and auxiliary support to prevent the directly load-bearing component from lateral displacement, torsion, or instability during the lifting process.

[0038] The specific structure of the above components is described in detail below.

[0039] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 Taking the second lifting assembly 17 as an example, its specific components include: a stable base 19; a lifting hydraulic cylinder 20 and a positioning frame 22, both fixedly installed on the top of the base 19. A lifting limit rod 23 is vertically fixed on the positioning frame 22, serving as a guide rail. The bottom end of the lifting beam 21 is connected to the piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 20, and vertical lifting is achieved by the hydraulic cylinder. On one side of the lifting beam 21, a first lifting limit sleeve 24 and a second lifting limit sleeve 25, spaced apart along the height direction, are fixedly connected, both movably fitted onto the lifting limit rod 23. To ensure smooth guidance and no shaking, the first lifting limit sleeve 24 and the second lifting limit sleeve 25 have limit grooves 29 inside, and multiple limit rollers 30 are rotatably arranged on both sides of the grooves, rolling in contact with the surface of the lifting limit rod 23. This structure effectively limits the horizontal swing of the lifting beam 21 during the lifting process, ensuring that it can only move in a precise vertical direction.

[0040] A lateral limiting mechanism is used to apply horizontal restraint to the side of the directly load-bearing member. A lateral limiting hydraulic cylinder 26 passes through and is fixed to the lifting beam 21, and a lateral limiting plate 27 is fixedly connected to the end of its horizontal piston rod. By driving the lateral limiting hydraulic cylinder 26, the lateral limiting plate 27 can press against the side of the directly load-bearing member to prevent it from shifting horizontally. A lifting support 28 is also fixed to the top of the lifting beam 21 to stably and reliably support the upper supporting limiting assembly 18. The structure of the first lifting assembly 16 is exactly the same.

[0041] Reference Figures 2 to 7 The core component of the support limiting assembly 18 is a support horizontal plate 31. The two ends of the bottom of the support horizontal plate 31 are provided with limiting grooves 44, which are used to engage with the lifting supports 28 on the top of the first lifting assembly 16 and the second lifting assembly 17 respectively to achieve stable support.

[0042] The support plate 31 has an internal width adjustment mechanism for driving a pair of side limiting frames 37. Specifically, both ends of the support plate 31 have strip-shaped grooves 42 and side limiting grooves 43. A lead screw 34 is rotatably connected inside the side limiting groove 43, and a movable limiting seat 36 is slidably disposed in the side limiting groove 43 and threadedly connected to the lead screw 34. One end of the lead screw 34 is fixedly connected to a driven bevel gear 35. When the operator rotates the exposed handwheel 32, the handwheel 32 drives the drive bevel gear 33 fixedly connected to it to rotate. The drive bevel gear 33 then meshes with the two driven bevel gears 35, thereby driving the two lead screws 34 to rotate synchronously, ultimately enabling the two movable limiting seats 36 to move towards or away from each other along the axial direction of the support plate 31. The bottom end of the side limiting frame 37 is hinged to the movable limiting seat 36, allowing it to be flipped at a certain angle for easy installation in confined spaces. A side positioning plate 38 is detachably installed on the inner side of the side limiting frame 37 by bolts 46. A concave arc-shaped groove 45 can be opened on the working surface of the side positioning plate 38 that contacts the directly load-bearing component to accommodate beams with circular cross-sections; when it is disassembled, flipped, or replaced with a flat side plate, it can be used for beams with square cross-sections, demonstrating a high degree of adaptability.

[0043] To further enhance structural stability, the support and limiting assembly 18 is also equipped with a diagonal support hydraulic cylinder 40. Supports 39 are fixed at both ends of the support cross plate 31. A combined support 41 is fixed at the top of one side of the side limiting frame 37. The bottom end of the cylinder body of the diagonal support hydraulic cylinder 40 is hinged to the support 39, and the top end of its piston rod is inserted into the combined support 41. (Refer to...) Figure 7 The combined support 41 consists of a support body 47, a universal ball joint 48 embedded therein, and a universally rotatable ball joint 49. The ball joint 49 has a insertion hole 50 for insertion into the piston rod of the inclined support hydraulic cylinder 40. This design allows the inclined support hydraulic cylinder 40 to adaptively adjust its connection angle with slight structural displacement or rotation while providing inclined support force, avoiding harmful rigid stress concentration and providing flexible protection for historical building components.

[0044] To make the adaptive control effect of the present invention clearer, the core control logic and typical workflow of the system are described below.

[0045] The monitoring controller 1 has a pre-set hierarchical control strategy and algorithm. The system divides the structural state into three zones: Safe zone: All monitoring parameters are within the ideal range, and the system maintains its current support status.

[0046] Warning zone: One or more parameters slightly exceed limits. For example, vertical displacement deviation exceeds 2mm but is less than 5mm, and tilt angle exceeds 0.1 degrees but is less than 0.3 degrees. In this case, the controller automatically activates fine-tuned PID and fuzzy logic algorithm for adaptive correction.

[0047] Hazard Zone: Critical parameters reach hazardous thresholds. For example, vertical displacement greater than 5 mm, crack propagation rate greater than 0.1 mm / h, or a surge in acoustic emission signal energy. The system immediately executes an emergency stop command, activates the hydraulic locks of all hydraulic cylinders and the optional mechanical locking mechanism, locking the entire replacement system in its current position to ensure absolute safety, and triggers an audible and visual alarm to notify manual intervention.

[0048] The control algorithm mainly includes: Displacement PID control: Using the target displacement as the command and real-time values ​​from laser or contact displacement sensors as feedback, the PID algorithm precisely adjusts the pressure of the lifting hydraulic cylinders 20 of the first lifting assembly 16 and the second lifting assembly 17 to achieve high-precision compensation for vertical displacement. The PID parameters can be automatically switched by the system according to different working conditions such as no-load, half-load, and full-load. For example, in the half-load to full-load stage, a reference tuning parameter of proportional coefficient Kp=1.8, integral coefficient Ki=0.02, and derivative coefficient Kd=0.3 can be used.

[0049] Attitude fuzzy logic control: When the tilt sensor 11 detects that the structure has tilted beyond its limit, the controller uses fuzzy logic rules to intelligently decide on a correction strategy based on the tilt angle deviation and its rate of change. For example, if a large positive offset occurs, the high-side lifting component is controlled to decelerate or pause, while the low-side lifting component is differentially lifted at a very small speed, with a single adjustment not exceeding 0.2 mm and a speed difference not exceeding 0.05 mm / min, until the tilt angle recovers to below 0.08 degrees. When a horizontal offset occurs, the corresponding side limit hydraulic cylinder 26 is coordinated through fuzzy logic to push and correct the offset.

[0050] Load distribution control: The controller reads the values ​​of the pressure sensors 12 at each support point in real time and calculates the average pressure. When the pressure at an overloaded support point exceeds a preset percentage (e.g., 10%) of the average value, the output force of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 20 at that point is automatically reduced, and the output force at the underloaded support point is increased simultaneously to achieve uniform load distribution.

[0051] The workflow is as follows: System initialization: Self-check sensor and hydraulic cylinder status, load control parameters. Confirm sensor calibration error is less than ±0.01mm, and hydraulic cylinder zero-return deviation is less than ±0.02mm.

[0052] Pre-tightening: The lifting hydraulic cylinder slowly extends until the pressure sensor feedback reaches the preset small pressure (such as 5% of the rated pressure), confirming that all supporting parts, that is, the contact surface with the direct load-bearing component, are tightly fitted without any sudden displacement.

[0053] Synchronous replacement and adaptive control: Each lifting component rises synchronously at a preset slow speed (e.g., 0.2 mm / min), transferring the load from the component to be replaced to the deformation control mechanism 5. Throughout this process, the sensor group 4 continuously samples at high frequency, and the monitoring controller 1 runs the control algorithm in real time to immediately and automatically correct and adjust any detected signs of displacement, tilt, uneven force, or damage.

[0054] Load transfer and pressure holding monitoring: When the displacement and pressure reach the target values, and the pressure deviation at the support point is less than ±5% and stabilizes for 10 seconds, the system enters the pressure holding lock state, completing the complete transfer of the structural load. At this time, the system continues to monitor, refreshing the status every second to respond to any anomalies.

[0055] Construction Completion and Smooth Reset: After the replacement work is completed, the system executes the reset procedure. All lifting components descend synchronously at an extremely low speed (e.g., 0.15 mm / min), employing a dual control system of position synchronization as the primary method and pressure synchronization as a secondary method, to smoothly and without damage transfer the load back to the repaired original or newly installed structure until the load is completely unloaded.

[0056] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A structural deformation adaptive control system for historical buildings, characterized in that, include: Monitoring controller; A sensor array is deployed on the historical building to collect multi-source status data of the historical building in real time. The multi-source status data includes at least displacement data, tilt angle data, stress and strain data, and internal damage data. At least one deformation control mechanism is used to provide temporary vertical support force under the direct load-bearing member above the member to be replaced during the underpinning construction. The deformation control mechanism includes: The first lifting assembly and the second lifting assembly are respectively disposed on both sides of the component to be lifted and replaced, and are used to lift the direct load-bearing component; A support limiting component spans and supports the top of the first lifting component and the second lifting component, and is used to conform to the side of the direct load-bearing component to provide lateral restraint. The monitoring controller is connected to the sensor group and the deformation control mechanism respectively, and is configured to: automatically adjust the support force and support posture of the deformation control mechanism according to the multi-source state data collected in real time by the sensor group, so as to keep the deformation state of the historical building within a preset safety threshold.

2. The adaptive control system for structural deformation of historical buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the component to be replaced is a structural column, the direct load-bearing component is a first beam supported above the structural column; when the component to be replaced is a first beam, the direct load-bearing component is a second beam supported above the first beam.

3. The adaptive control system for structural deformation of historical buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor group includes: The displacement monitoring group includes a laser displacement sensor for non-contact monitoring of component displacement and a linear variable differential displacement sensor for contact monitoring of component connection displacement. The attitude and stress monitoring group includes tilt sensors for monitoring the tilt angle of components and stress-strain gauges for monitoring the stress of components; and The damage monitoring group includes acoustic emission sensors for monitoring microcracks and damage development trends within components; The tilt sensors are deployed on the four outer corners of the historical building, the central axis, and the components adjacent to the component to be replaced.

4. The adaptive control system for structural deformation of historical buildings according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sensor group also includes at least one of the following: A piezoelectric accelerometer is installed on a component in the vicinity of the component to be replaced to monitor the vibration response; A pressure sensor installed at the contact point between the deformation control mechanism and the direct load-bearing component is used to monitor the pressure at the auxiliary support point. Crack gauges are installed in the existing cracks and weak areas of the historical building to monitor changes in crack width. as well as Temperature sensors installed on the inner and outer surfaces of the historical building are used to monitor the temperature in real time in order to compensate for the stress and strain data.

5. The adaptive control system for structural deformation of historical buildings according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first lifting component and the second lifting component each independently include: Base; The lifting hydraulic cylinder is vertically fixed on the base; The lifting beam is raised and lowered by the lifting hydraulic cylinder. A vertical guide and limiting mechanism, used to constrain the lifting beam to move only in the vertical direction, includes a lifting and limiting rod fixedly connected to the base, and a first lifting and limiting sleeve and a second lifting and limiting sleeve fixedly connected to the lifting beam and slidably sleeved on the lifting and limiting rod; and The lateral limiting mechanism includes a lateral limiting hydraulic cylinder fixed on the lifting vertical beam and a lateral limiting plate connected to the end of the piston rod of the lateral limiting hydraulic cylinder, which is used to apply a horizontal constraint force to the side of the directly load-bearing member.

6. The adaptive control system for structural deformation of a historical building according to claim 5, characterized in that, The supporting limiting component includes: The support plate has its bottom ends supported by the tops of the lifting beams of the first lifting assembly and the second lifting assembly, respectively. At least one pair of side limiting frames are disposed opposite to each other on the support cross plate for clamping the sides of the directly load-bearing member; and A width adjustment mechanism is disposed within the support cross plate and is connected in a transmission manner to at least one of the side limiting frames, for adjusting the distance between two opposing side limiting frames.

7. The adaptive control system for structural deformation of historical buildings according to claim 6, characterized in that, The support limiting component also includes: An inclined support hydraulic cylinder, the bottom end of which is hinged to the end of the support cross plate, and the telescopic end of which is connected to the top of the corresponding side limiting frame, to provide an adjustable inclined support force; and The modular support is fixed to the top of the side limiting frame and connected to the telescopic end of the inclined support hydraulic cylinder through its built-in universal ball joint to achieve adaptive angle adjustment.

8. The adaptive control system for structural deformation of a historical building according to claim 6, characterized in that, A side positioning plate is detachably installed on the side limiting frame. The side of the side positioning plate that contacts the direct load-bearing component is a flat surface or a concave arc surface to accommodate direct load-bearing components with different cross-sectional shapes.

9. A historical building structure underpinning deformation adaptive control system according to any one of claims 5-8, characterized in that, The preset control algorithm of the monitoring controller executes the following adaptive regulation strategy: When the detected displacement deviation exceeds the preset threshold, the supporting force of the corresponding lifting hydraulic cylinder is adjusted through the PID algorithm to compensate for the displacement deviation. When the detected horizontal deviation or tilt angle exceeds the preset threshold, a fuzzy logic control algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the output force of each of the side limit hydraulic cylinders, and / or to differentially adjust the lifting speed and displacement of the first lifting component and the second lifting component to generate a correction force or correction torque. When the damage monitoring group detects microcracks and damage development trends inside the component that exceed the preset threshold, all hydraulic cylinders are locked and an alarm signal is issued.

10. A method for adaptive control of underpinning deformation of historical building structures, implemented based on the adaptive control system for underpinning deformation of historical building structures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Depending on the type of component to be replaced, the deformation control mechanism is installed below the direct load-bearing component above the component to be replaced; Control all deformation adjustment mechanisms to perform pre-tightening operation on the directly load-bearing components, so that each support point reaches the preset initial pressure; During the synchronous load transfer process, multi-source state data collected by a sensor array are received in real time. The multi-source state data includes at least displacement data, tilt angle data, stress and strain data, and internal damage data. After performing temperature drift compensation and filtering on the collected data, it is determined whether the current deformation state of the historical building falls into the preset warning zone or danger zone. If the area is in the warning zone, a correction adjustment command for at least one deformation control mechanism will be automatically generated and executed according to the preset hierarchical control strategy. The correction adjustment command includes at least one of vertical support force adjustment, lateral limit force adjustment and bilateral differential lifting adjustment. If the area is in a danger zone, immediately issue a mechanism lockout command and sound an alarm.

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