Power distribution devices, power distribution methods and fuel cell vehicles
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-14
AI Technical Summary
然而，参考曲线的设定和等效因子λ的选择往往无法匹配实际的功率需求，容易导致燃料电池和蓄电装置的功率输出出现较大波动，难以实现有效、稳定的能量管理，进而影响燃料电池和蓄电装置的使用寿命
[0036]根据本申请的能量管理策略，可以利用燃料电池车辆运行过程中的当前时刻之前的最近时间段内的历史功率数据来确定用于在下一时刻在燃料电池和蓄电装置之间进行功率分配的等效因子λ，确保车辆未来运行所需的功率接近于燃料电池在最近时间段内的平均功率，从而有利于在接近满足车辆的实际功率需求的情况下维持燃料电池和蓄电装置的功率输出稳定。这样，可以避免燃料电池和蓄电装置的过早劣化，延长运行寿命，提高燃料电池车辆的经济性。
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Figure CN122570841A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cell vehicles, and more particularly to power distribution devices, power distribution methods, fuel cell vehicles including the power distribution devices, and computer program products for fuel cell vehicles. Background Technology
[0002] With the development of new energy technologies and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, fuel cells have received increasing attention due to their advantages such as zero emissions, high energy efficiency, and long driving range, and vehicles using fuel cells as a power source are already widely used. Although fuel cells can serve as the primary energy source for vehicles, their dynamic response is relatively slow. Therefore, existing fuel cell vehicles typically also include energy storage devices (such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors) with faster dynamic response characteristics. Thus, during the operation of a fuel cell vehicle, the vehicle control unit (VCU) uses a pre-defined energy management strategy (EMS) to distribute the power required for vehicle operation to the fuel cell and energy storage devices, thereby enabling the fuel cell and energy storage devices to jointly supply power.
[0003] Energy management strategies play a crucial role in the cost, performance, drivability, and driving range of fuel cell vehicles, making them extremely important. Existing optimization-based energy management strategies include the Equivalent Energy Minimization (ECMS) strategy. This strategy aims to minimize the total power P required for vehicle operation while minimizing the calculated cost function H. dem The power P provided by the fuel cell is divided into fc and the power P provided by the energy storage device batt The cost function H can be simply expressed as:
[0004] H = f(P) fc +λ·P batt ), where λ is the equivalent factor.
[0005] The cost function H is typically related to the hydrogen consumption cost of the fuel cell, the electricity consumption cost of the energy storage device, and the lifespan degradation cost of both the fuel cell and the energy storage device. The goal is to select the power P provided by the fuel cell that minimizes the calculated value of the cost function H. fc Effective energy management is essential, and the equivalent factor λ is crucial for achieving optimal control. Therefore, determining λ is a key task of the ECMS (Energy Management System). Currently known ECMSs typically use a proportional-integral (PI) control algorithm based on a set reference curve to determine and update the equivalent factor λ in real time. However, the setting of the reference curve and the selection of the equivalent factor λ often fail to match the actual power demand, easily leading to large fluctuations in the power output of fuel cells and energy storage devices. This makes it difficult to achieve effective and stable energy management, thereby affecting the lifespan of fuel cells and energy storage devices.
[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the energy management strategies of existing fuel cell vehicles to achieve more efficient and stable power distribution. Summary of the Invention
[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide a power distribution device, a power distribution method, a fuel cell vehicle including the power distribution device, and a computer program product for a fuel cell vehicle, in order to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.
[0008] Therefore, according to one aspect of this application, a power distribution device is provided for a fuel cell vehicle, the fuel cell vehicle including a fuel cell, an energy storage device, and a drive motor, the fuel cell and the energy storage device being configured to supply power to the drive motor, the power distribution device comprising:
[0009] A memory that stores a set of available power and cost functions H of the fuel cell, wherein the cost function H is expressed as: H = f(P) fc +λ·P batt ), where P fc Let P be the power of the fuel cell, λ be the equivalence factor, and P be the power of the fuel cell. batt The power of the energy storage device; and
[0010] A processor configured to perform the following steps during a subsequent operating phase of the fuel cell vehicle after the initial operating phase:
[0011] Receives a representation of the current power demand P of the fuel cell vehicle. dem The signal and the initial value λ0 of the equivalent factor λ;
[0012] Calculate the power demand P of the fuel cell vehicle upon receiving the power received. dem Average power during the predetermined time period before the signal begins
[0013] When setting the power P of the fuel cell fc With the power P of the energy storage device batt The sum equals the average power. In this case, the cost function H is calculated one by one using the set of available power and the equivalent factor λ, and the available power that minimizes the calculated value of the cost function H from the set of available power is selected as the first selected power P. * fc1 ;
[0014] The first selected power P * fc1 With the average power Compare and select
[0015] Perform one of the following actions:
[0016] In the first selected power P * fc1 Greater than the average power In this case, decrease the value of the equivalent factor λ and return to the previous step;
[0017] In the first selected power P * fc1 Less than the average power In the case of increasing the value of the equivalent factor λ and returning to the previous step; and
[0018] In the first selected power P * fc1 equal to the average power In the case of [the situation], determine the value of the equivalent factor λ;
[0019] When setting the power P of the fuel cell fc and the power P of the energy storage device batt The sum equals the required power P dem In this case, the cost function H is calculated one by one using the set of available power and the determined value of the equivalent factor λ, and the available power that minimizes the calculated value of the cost function H from the set of available power is selected as the second selected power P. * fc2 And calculate from the required power P dem Subtract the second selected power P from the middle * fc2 The remaining power; and
[0020] The generation represents the second selected power P * fc2 And the signal of the remaining power, and then return to receive the signal representing the required power P. dem The steps of the signal.
[0021] According to another aspect of this application, a power distribution method is provided for a fuel cell vehicle, the fuel cell vehicle including a fuel cell, an energy storage device, and a drive motor, the fuel cell and the energy storage device being configured to supply power to the drive motor, the power distribution method comprising:
[0022] Provides a set of available power and cost functions H for the fuel cell, wherein the cost function H is expressed as: H = f(P) fc +λ·P batt ), where P fcLet P be the power of the fuel cell, λ be the equivalence factor, and P be the power of the fuel cell. batt The power of the energy storage device;
[0023] During the subsequent operation phases of the fuel cell vehicle after the initial operation phase:
[0024] Receives a representation of the current power demand P of the fuel cell vehicle. dem The signal and the initial value λ0 of the equivalent factor λ;
[0025] Calculate the power demand P of the fuel cell vehicle upon receiving the power received. dem Average power during the predetermined time period before the signal begins
[0026] When setting the power P of the fuel cell fc With the power P of the energy storage device batt The sum equals the average power. In this case, the cost function H is calculated one by one using the set of available power and the equivalent factor λ, and the available power that minimizes the calculated value of the cost function H from the set of available power is selected as the first selected power P. * fc1 ;
[0027] The first selected power P * fc1 With the average power Compare and select
[0028] Perform one of the following actions:
[0029] In the first selected power P * fc1 Greater than the average power In this case, decrease the value of the equivalent factor λ and return to the previous step;
[0030] In the first selected power P * fc1 Less than the average power In the case of increasing the value of the equivalent factor λ and returning to the previous step; and
[0031] In the first selected power P * fc1 equal to the average power In the case of [the situation], determine the value of the equivalent factor λ;
[0032] When setting the power P of the fuel cell fc and the power P of the energy storage device battThe sum equals the required power P dem In this case, the cost function H is calculated one by one using the set of available power and the determined value of the equivalent factor λ, and the available power that minimizes the calculated value of the cost function H from the set of available power is selected as the second selected power P. * fc2 And calculate from the required power P dem Subtract the second selected power P from the middle * fc2 The remaining power; and
[0033] The generation represents the second selected power P * fc2 And the signal of the remaining power, and then return to receive the signal representing the required power P. dem The steps of the signal.
[0034] According to another aspect of this application, a fuel cell vehicle is provided, comprising: a power distribution device as described above; a fuel cell; an energy storage device; and a drive motor, wherein the fuel cell and the energy storage device are configured to supply power to the drive motor under the control of the power distribution device.
[0035] According to another aspect of this application, a computer program product is provided, comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of the power allocation method as described above.
[0036] According to the energy management strategy of this application, historical power data from the most recent time period preceding the current moment in the operation of the fuel cell vehicle can be used to determine the equivalent factor λ for power allocation between the fuel cell and the energy storage device at the next moment. This ensures that the power required for future vehicle operation is close to the average power of the fuel cell in the most recent time period, thereby helping to maintain stable power output of the fuel cell and the energy storage device while closely meeting the actual power demand of the vehicle. This avoids premature degradation of the fuel cell and the energy storage device, extends their service life, and improves the economics of fuel cell vehicles. Attached Figure Description
[0037] Exemplary embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the embodiments described below are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. In the accompanying drawings:
[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram illustrating a fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of this application;
[0039] Figure 2 This illustrates an embodiment according to this application. Figure 1A schematic block diagram of the power distribution device for a fuel cell vehicle is shown.
[0040] Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the power curve of a fuel cell vehicle is shown.
[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a power allocation method according to an embodiment of this application;
[0042] Figure 5 It shows the use of in Figure 4 The diagram shows a search curve for selecting the penalty factor in the power allocation method. Detailed Implementation
[0043] The preferred embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to examples. Those skilled in the art should understand that these exemplary embodiments do not imply any limitation on this application. Furthermore, features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other unless otherwise specified. In different drawings, the same components are represented by the same reference numerals, and for brevity, other components and steps are omitted, but this does not indicate that the power distribution device and fuel cell vehicle of this application cannot include other components or modules, nor does it indicate that the power distribution method of this application cannot include other steps. It should be understood that the dimensions, scale relationships, and number of components and steps in the drawings are not intended to limit this application, and additional steps may be added before, after, or between the steps shown in the drawings. In some embodiments, one or more of these steps may be omitted, performed in a different order, or performed simultaneously.
[0044] The following reference Figure 1 To describe the fuel cell vehicle 100 of this application. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the fuel cell vehicle 100 may include a power distribution device 10, a fuel cell 20, an energy storage device 30, and a drive motor 40, wherein the fuel cell 20 and the energy storage device 30 may be configured to supply power to the drive motor 40 under the control of the power distribution device 10. The power provided by the fuel cell 20 can be expressed as P. fc The power provided by the energy storage device 30 can be expressed as P. batt .
[0045] The fuel cell 20 may include multiple individual cells, which are connected in series or parallel to form a stack. The fuel cell 20 generates electrical energy by causing an electrochemical reaction between fuel (e.g., hydrogen) and oxygen (or air) within the stack. The energy storage device 30 can store electrical energy or supply it externally. For example, the energy storage device 30 may be a lithium-ion battery or a supercapacitor. The drive motor 40 receives electrical energy from the fuel cell 20 and / or the energy storage device 30 and converts it into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle forward. Depending on the usage environment and frequency, the drive motor 40 may take different forms; for example, it is typically a permanent magnet DC motor. The fuel cell 20, the energy storage device 30, and the drive motor 40 may employ various configurations known in the art or developed in the future, which will not be described in further detail herein and will not affect the understanding and implementation of the inventive concept of this application.
[0046] The following reference Figures 2 to 4 The configuration and function of the power distribution device 10 and the steps of the power distribution method 200 are described in further detail.
[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the power distribution device 10 may include a memory 11 and a processor 13, the processor 13 being able to access the memory 11 to read or write data.
[0048] The memory 11 can be implemented as various computer-readable storage media, such as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard disk, flash drive, or optical disk, etc., any medium capable of storing program code. The processor 13 can be a general-purpose processor, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device. The memory 11 and processor 13 can be integrated into a single circuit or piece of hardware, or they can be manufactured separately.
[0049] The memory 11 can store a set of available power and cost functions H of the fuel cell 20. This set of available power refers to multiple alternative powers that the fuel cell 20 can provide externally, and can usually be represented as a vector U:
[0050] U = [P] fc min ,P fc min +ΔP fc ,P fc min +2ΔP fc ,P fc min +3ΔP fc ,…P fc max ]
[0051] As can be seen from the vector expression above, this set of available power can include the minimum available power, the maximum available power, and several intermediate available power values between the minimum and maximum available power of fuel cell 20. The minimum available power can refer to the idle power of fuel cell 20, and the maximum available power can refer to the rated power of fuel cell 20. In vector U, the available power values are arranged in ascending order, where the difference between two adjacent available power values is ΔP. fc However, it should be noted that this set of available power can be adopted with different values depending on the specific characteristics of the fuel cell vehicle 100 and the fuel cell 20, and the inventive concept of this application can still be realized. For example, the vector U may not include the minimum available power or the maximum available power, or the difference between two adjacent available power values may be different.
[0052] The cost function H can be expressed as: H = f(P) fc +λ·P batt ), where P fc P represents the power of fuel cell 20, λ is the equivalence factor, and P batt The power of the energy storage device 30 is given. Typically, the cost function H is related to the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell 20 and the discharge capacity of the energy storage device 30, but this application is not limited to this. For example, the cost function H can also be related to the lifespan degradation costs of the fuel cell 20 and the energy storage device 30 (e.g., premature degradation due to load transients). This application does not impose excessive restrictions on the cost function H, and various cost functions known in the art or developed in the future can be used. The equivalence factor λ represents the conversion factor for converting electrical energy costs into hydrogen energy costs. The equivalence factor λ can have different values at different operating stages of the fuel cell vehicle 100. This will be discussed in conjunction with... Figure 4 The determination and selection of the value of the equivalent factor λ are further described.
[0053] The memory 11 may store a computer program containing multiple instructions, which, when executed by the processor 13, may cause the processor 13 to perform all or part of the steps of the power allocation methods of various embodiments of this application.
[0054] The processor 13 can be configured to distribute power between the fuel cell 20 and the energy storage device 30 during operation of the fuel cell vehicle 100.
[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, the power of the fuel cell vehicle 100 changes over time due to variations in operating conditions. Figure 3The time t0 shown represents the time when the current power demand is received, such as the time when a signal capable of changing power demand is received, such as an acceleration signal, braking signal, uphill signal, or downhill signal. Prior to time t0 is the historical power data of the fuel cell vehicle 100. According to the inventive concept of this application, a predetermined time period T is defined between t0 and a predetermined time t1 preceding it. p Historical power data within a given time period T can be used as a basis for determining the power allocated to fuel cell 20 at time t0. This is achieved by utilizing the power of fuel cell 20 within a predetermined time period T. p Historical power data can make the power output of fuel cell 20 more stable and avoid excessive instantaneous changes that could affect the lifespan of fuel cell 20, which will be described in more detail below.
[0056] Scheduled time period T p It is a sliding time window that slides forward over time. For example, a predetermined time period T p It can be 5 to 10 minutes or any other suitable value. This is because a predetermined time period T is required. p The power output generated within the time frame is sampled, therefore it is necessary to wait until the fuel cell vehicle 100 has completed the initial operation phase (which is greater than or equal to the predetermined time period T). p Sufficient historical power data can only be obtained in the subsequent operation phase after the initial operation phase. Therefore, the operation of the fuel cell vehicle 100 can be divided into the initial operation phase and the subsequent operation phase.
[0057] The following reference Figure 4 The steps of the power allocation method 200, which can be executed by the processor 13 of this application, are described in further detail.
[0058] At step 201, the fuel cell vehicle 100 begins operation, meaning that the fuel cell 20 and the energy storage device 30 begin outputting power. This can be controlled by the vehicle control unit (not shown) of the fuel cell vehicle 100.
[0059] like Figure 2 As shown, the power distribution device 10 may further include an input device 12, which can be configured to input a power demand P. dem The signal. Therefore, the power allocation method may include step 202, inputting a signal representing the required power P through the input device 12. dem The signal indicates the required power P. dem The signal can take many forms, such as the acceleration signal, braking signal, uphill signal and / or downhill signal mentioned above.
[0060] At step 210, a set of available power and cost functions H of the fuel cell 20 stored in the memory 11 can be provided to the processor 13.
[0061] At step 220, processor 13 may receive a power demand P representing the current power requirement P of fuel cell vehicle 100. dem The signal is received, for example, via input device 12. Additionally, at step 220, processor 13 may also receive an initial value λ0 of the equivalent factor λ. The initial value λ0 of the equivalent factor λ can be a fixed value or a variable value related to the state of charge of the energy storage device 30. For example, the initial value λ0 of the equivalent factor λ can be selected from a lookup table related to the state of charge of the energy storage device 30, so that the selection of the initial value λ0 is closer to the actual condition of the fuel cell vehicle 100.
[0062] At step 230, it is determined whether the fuel cell vehicle 100 is in a subsequent operation phase. If the operating time of the fuel cell vehicle 100 exceeds the time of the initial operation phase (as indicated by the symbol "Y"), then the fuel cell vehicle 100 is determined to be in a subsequent operation phase, and step 240 is executed; otherwise (as indicated by the symbol "N"), then the fuel cell vehicle 100 is determined to be still in the initial operation phase, and step 235 is executed. It should be noted that step 230 is optional (shown by a dashed line). Step 230 can be replaced by a timer switch, button, or other direct switching method.
[0063] At step 240, processor 13 can calculate the power demand P of fuel cell vehicle 100 after receiving the power demand P. dem The scheduled time period T before the signal begins p Average power within
[0064] According to the inventive concept of this application, the energy storage device 30 serves merely as a short-term energy buffer. Its state of charge (SOC) should remain within a reasonable range during one operating cycle and should remain substantially unchanged after one operating cycle, for example, at around 50%. Therefore, power distribution should ensure that the energy storage device operates in its most efficient operating region as much as possible. This reduces the size of the energy storage device and thus the vehicle weight, while minimizing hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell 20 and avoiding excessive instantaneous load. Therefore, if the fuel cell 20 operates within a predetermined time period T... p Average power within Approximately the required power P dem This means that immediately following t0, the output of fuel cell 20 is relatively stable, and the power of energy storage device 30 tends to approach 0. Therefore, we hope to find an appropriate value for the equivalent factor λ that satisfies the above conditions.
[0065] At step 250, the power P of fuel cell 20 is set. fc With the power P of the energy storage device 30 batt The sum equals the average power In this case, processor 13 can calculate the cost function H one by one using a set of available power and equivalence factor λ of fuel cell 20. In this case, the initial value λ0 of equivalence factor λ can be used to perform the first calculation of cost function H. In step 250, processor 13 can also select the available power that minimizes the calculated value of cost function H from this set of available power as the first selected power P. * fc1 The first selected power P * fc1 This can represent the optimized power provided by fuel cell 20 under the current value of the equivalent factor λ.
[0066] At step 260, processor 13 can select the first power P * fc1 With average power Compare and selectively perform one of the following:
[0067] If the first selected power P * fc1 Greater than average power Then proceed to step 261, decrease the value of the equivalent factor λ and return to the previous step (i.e., step 250);
[0068] If the first selected power P * fc1 Less than average power Then proceed to step 262, increment the value of the equivalent factor λ, and return to the previous step (i.e., step 250); and
[0069] If the first selected power P * fc1 equal to average power Then the value of the equivalence factor λ is determined. That is, under the determined value of the equivalence factor λ, the stable power provided by the fuel cell 20 is equal to the power provided by the fuel cell vehicle 100 during the predetermined time period T. p The average power within. It should be noted that the first selected power P * fc1 equal to average power This can refer to the first selected power P within a certain error range. * fc1 Approximately equal to average power
[0070] It should be noted that the value of the equivalent factor λ can be decreased or increased by a fixed value or a proportional value. Considering the computational complexity of the data, the increment for decreasing or increasing can be appropriately selected.
[0071] After determining the value of the equivalence factor λ, step 280 can be executed. In step 280, the power P of the fuel cell 20 is set. fc and the power P of the energy storage device 30 batt The sum equals the required power P dem In this case, the processor 13 can calculate the cost function H one by one using a set of available power from the fuel cell 20 and the determined value of the equivalence factor λ, and select the available power from this set of available power that minimizes the calculated value of the cost function H as the second selected power P. * fc2 And calculate from the required power P dem Subtract the second selected power P from the middle * fc2 The remaining power. The second selected power P * fc2 The remaining power can be represented by the optimized power provided by the fuel cell 20 and the energy storage device 30, respectively, under the determined value of the equivalence factor λ.
[0072] In addition, to ensure that the energy storage device 30 has a suitable state of charge, step 270 may be performed before step 280: applying a penalty factor λ to the determined value of the equivalent factor λ based on the state of charge of the energy storage device 30. p Penalty factor λ p It can be obtained based on a lookup table or a lookup curve. Figure 5 This shows the method for selecting the penalty factor λ. p The lookup curve can be used to select a penalty factor λ based on the degree of deviation of the state of charge (SoC) of the energy storage device 20 from a set value (e.g., 50%). p This allows for further adjustment of the equivalence factor λ, ensuring that the power allocation in this application considers not only the stable operation of the fuel cell 20 but also the reasonable state of charge of the energy storage device 30. Step 270 is optional (shown as a dashed line), and the power allocation method of this application can be performed without step 270.
[0073] At step 290, processor 13 may generate a representation of the second selected power P. * fc2 And the signal of remaining power, and then return to receive the signal indicating the required power P. dem The signaling steps (i.e., step 220).
[0074] In addition, such as Figure 4As shown, if it is determined at step 230 that the operating time of the fuel cell vehicle 100 has not exceeded the initial operating phase time (as indicated by the symbol "N"), then it is determined that the fuel cell vehicle 100 is still within the initial operating phase, and step 235 is executed. In step 235, the initial value λ0 of the equivalent factor λ is used as the determined value of the equivalent factor λ, and then step 280 is executed. This means that during the initial operating phase of the fuel cell vehicle 100, the cost function H can be calculated using the initial value λ0 of the equivalent factor λ, thereby achieving optimized power allocation. It should be noted that step 235 is optional (shown as a dashed line), and any energy management strategy in the prior art can be used for power allocation during the initial operating phase.
[0075] like Figure 2 As shown, the power distribution device 10 may further include an output device 14, which can be configured to output a power P representing a second selected power. * fc2 The signals for the remaining power are provided to the fuel cell 20 and the energy storage device 30, respectively. Therefore, as... Figure 4 As shown, the power allocation method 200 may also include step 203. In step 203, the output device 14 outputs the power P generated by the processor 13, representing the second selected power P. * fc2 The signals for the remaining power are provided to the fuel cell 20 and the energy storage device 30, respectively. In this way, the fuel cell 20 and the energy storage device 30 can supply power to the drive motor 40 according to the allocated power.
[0076] As the fuel cell vehicle operates, the predetermined time period T p Slide forward, the value of the equivalent factor λ is updated according to the predetermined time period T. p The processor 13 continuously generates new representations of the second selected power P by adjusting the historical power data within the processor 13. * fc2 The signal representing the remaining power is transmitted to the fuel cell 20 and the energy storage device 30 via the output device 14, thereby enabling real-time adjustment of power distribution. It should be noted that the processor 13 generates a signal representing the second selected power P. * fc2 The frequency of the signal with remaining power can be adjusted according to the actual operating conditions, hardware, software, etc.
[0077] Therefore, the power distribution device and power distribution method of this application can use historical power data within a predetermined time period before the current moment to determine the equivalent factor λ for power distribution between the fuel cell and the energy storage device after the current moment. This can ensure that the power required for future vehicle operation is close to the average power of the fuel cell in the most recent time period, thereby helping to maintain the stable power output of the fuel cell and the energy storage device and avoiding premature degradation of the fuel cell and the energy storage device.
[0078] The power allocation apparatus and power allocation method of this application have been described above. The energy management strategy implemented therein can also be implemented as a computer program product, which may include instructions (e.g., computer executable code) that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of the power allocation method described above.
[0079] The present application has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the above description and the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings should be understood as exemplary and not as limiting the present application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or alterations without departing from the spirit of the present application, and such modifications or alterations do not depart from the scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A power distribution device (10) for a fuel cell vehicle (100), the fuel cell vehicle (100) including a fuel cell (20), an energy storage device (30), and a drive motor (40), the fuel cell (20) and the energy storage device (30) being configured to supply power to the drive motor (40), the power distribution device (10) comprising: A memory (11) stores a set of available power and cost functions H of the fuel cell (20), the cost function H being expressed as: H = f(P fc +λ·P batt ), where P fc The power of the fuel cell (20) is given by λ, where λ is the equivalence factor and P is the power of the fuel cell (20). batt The power of the energy storage device (30); and The processor (13) is configured to perform the following steps during a subsequent operating phase after the initial operating phase of the fuel cell vehicle (100): Receives a representation of the current power demand P of the fuel cell vehicle (100). dem The signal and the initial value λ0 of the equivalent factor λ; Calculate the power demand P of the fuel cell vehicle (100) upon receiving the power demand P. dem The scheduled time period before the signal begins (T) p Average power within) The power P of the fuel cell (20) is set. fc With the power P of the energy storage device (30) batt The sum equals the average power. In this case, the cost function H is calculated one by one using the set of available power and the equivalent factor λ, and the available power that minimizes the calculated value of the cost function H from the set of available power is selected as the first selected power P. * fc1 ; The first selected power P * fc1 With the average power Compare and selectively perform one of the following: In the first selected power P * fc1 Greater than the average power In this case, Decrease the value of the equivalent factor λ and return to the previous step; In the first selected power P * fc1 Less than the average power In this case, Increase the value of the equivalent factor λ and return to the previous step; as well as In the first selected power P * fc1 equal to the average power In this case, Determine the value of the equivalent factor λ; The power P of the fuel cell (20) is set. fc and the power P of the energy storage device (30) batt The sum equals the required power P dem In this case, the cost function H is calculated one by one using the set of available power and the determined value of the equivalent factor λ, and the available power that minimizes the calculated value of the cost function H from the set of available power is selected as the second selected power P. * fc2 And calculate from the required power P dem Subtract the second selected power P from the middle * fc2 The remaining power; and The generation represents the second selected power P * fc2 And the signal of the remaining power, and then return to receive the signal representing the required power P. dem The steps of the signal.
2. The power distribution device (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The set of available power includes the minimum available power, the maximum available power of the fuel cell (20), and a plurality of intermediate available power between the minimum available power and the maximum available power.
3. The power distribution device (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The initial value λ0 is either a fixed value or a variable value related to the state of charge of the energy storage device (30).
4. The power distribution device (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The processor (13) is also configured to perform the following steps: Before calculating the cost function H one by one using the set of available power and the determined value of the equivalent factor λ, a penalty factor λ is applied to the determined value of the equivalent factor λ according to the state of charge of the energy storage device (30). p To adjust the value of the determined equivalent factor λ, the penalty factor λ p It is obtained based on a lookup table or a lookup curve.
5. The power distribution device (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The processor (13) is also configured to perform the following steps during the initial operation phase of the fuel cell vehicle (100): Receive the power demand P dem The signal; The initial value λ0 of the equivalent factor λ is determined as the value of the equivalent factor λ; The power P of the fuel cell (20) is set. fc and the power P of the energy storage device (30) batt The sum equals the required power P dem In this case, the cost function H is calculated one by one using the set of available power and the determined value of the equivalent factor λ, and the available power that minimizes the calculated value of the cost function H from the set of available power is selected as the second selected power P. * fc2 And calculate from the required power P dem Subtract the second selected power P from the middle * fc2 The remaining power; and The output represents the second selected power P. * fc2 And the signal of the remaining power, and then return to receive the signal representing the required power P. dem The steps of the signal.
6. The power distribution device (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The power distribution device (10) further includes: Input device (12), configured to input a representation of the required power P dem The signal; Output device (14), configured to output a signal representing the second selected power P * fc2 The signals of the remaining power are respectively provided to the fuel cell (20) and the energy storage device (30).
7. A power distribution method (200) for a fuel cell vehicle (100), the fuel cell vehicle (100) including a fuel cell (20), an energy storage device (30), and a drive motor (40), the fuel cell (20) and the energy storage device (30) being configured to supply power to the drive motor (40), the power distribution method (200) comprising: Provides a set of available power and cost functions H for the fuel cell (20), wherein the cost function H is expressed as: H = f(P) fc +λ·P batt ), where P fc The power of the fuel cell (20) is given by λ, where λ is the equivalence factor and P is the power of the fuel cell (20). batt The power of the energy storage device (30); During the subsequent operation phases of the fuel cell vehicle (100) after the initial operation phase: Receives a representation of the current power demand P of the fuel cell vehicle (100). dem The signal and the initial value λ0 of the equivalent factor λ; Calculate the power demand P of the fuel cell vehicle (100) upon receiving the power demand P. dem Average power during the predetermined time period before the signal begins The power P of the fuel cell (20) is set. fc With the power P of the energy storage device (30) batt The sum equals the average power. In this case, the cost function H is calculated one by one using the set of available power and the equivalent factor λ, and the available power that minimizes the calculated value of the cost function H from the set of available power is selected as the first selected power P. * fc1 ; The first selected power P * fc1 With the average power Compare and selectively perform one of the following: In the first selected power P * fc1 Greater than the average power In this case, Decrease the value of the equivalent factor λ and return to the previous step; In the first selected power P * fc1 Less than the average power In this case, Increase the value of the equivalent factor λ and return to the previous step; as well as In the first selected power P * fc1 equal to the average power In this case, Determine the value of the equivalent factor λ; The power P of the fuel cell (20) is set. fc and the power P of the energy storage device (30) batt The sum equals the required power P dem In this case, the cost function H is calculated one by one using the set of available power and the determined value of the equivalent factor λ, and the available power that minimizes the calculated value of the cost function H from the set of available power is selected as the second selected power P. * fc2 And calculate from the required power P dem Subtract the second selected power P from the middle * fc2 The remaining power; and The generation represents the second selected power P * fc2 And the signal of the remaining power, and then return to receive the signal representing the required power P. dem The steps of the signal.
8. The power distribution method (200) according to claim 7, wherein, The set of available power includes the minimum available power, the maximum available power of the fuel cell (20), and a plurality of intermediate available power between the minimum available power and the maximum available power.
9. The power distribution method (200) according to claim 8, wherein, The initial value λ0 is either a fixed value or a variable value related to the state of charge of the energy storage device (30).
10. The power distribution method (200) according to claim 7, wherein, The power allocation method further includes the following steps: Before calculating the cost function H one by one using the set of available power and the determined equivalent factor λ, a penalty factor λ is applied to the determined equivalent factor λ according to the state of charge of the energy storage device (30). p To adjust the value of the determined equivalent factor λ, the penalty factor λ p It is obtained based on a lookup table or a lookup curve.
11. The power distribution method (200) according to claim 7, wherein, The power distribution method further includes performing the following steps during the initial operation phase of the fuel cell vehicle (100): Receive the power demand P dem The signal and the initial value λ0 of the equivalent factor λ; The initial value λ0 of the equivalent factor λ is determined as the value of the equivalent factor λ; The power P of the fuel cell (20) is set. fc and the power P of the energy storage device (30) batt The sum equals the required power P dem In this case, the cost function H is calculated one by one using the set of available power and the determined value of the equivalent factor λ, and the available power that minimizes the calculated value of the cost function H from the set of available power is selected as the second selected power P. * fc2 And calculate from the required power P dem Subtract the second selected power P from the middle * fc2 The remaining power; and The output represents the second selected power P. * fc2 And the signal of the remaining power, and then return to receive the signal representing the required power P. dem The steps of the signal.
12. The power distribution method (200) according to claim 7, wherein, The power allocation method further includes the following steps: The input represents the required power P. dem signals; and The second selected power P will be represented * fc2 The signals of the remaining power are respectively provided to the fuel cell (20) and the energy storage device (30).
13. A fuel cell vehicle (100), comprising: The power distribution device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6; Fuel cell (20); Energy storage device (30); and A drive motor (40) wherein the fuel cell (20) and the energy storage device (30) are configured to supply power to the drive motor (40) under the control of the power distribution device (10).
14. A computer program product comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of the power distribution method (200) according to any one of claims 7 to 12.