Methods, equipment, and media for calculating carbon sequestration capacity of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution

Abstract

This invention discloses a method, equipment, and medium for calculating the carbon sequestration function of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution. The method includes: acquiring regional land use distribution through high-resolution remote sensing, and using the theory of spatial substitution for time, selecting degraded patches that have not undergone soil erosion control as benchmark reference points within areas with equivalent natural soil formation conditions, spatially substituting the missing historical baseline data; conducting high-density sampling of plant community quadrats and undisturbed soil ring sampling; obtaining samples, and acquiring the precise total carbon mass fraction of various samples with the support of high-temperature catalytic combustion and non-dispersive infrared absorption technology; calculating the spatial lateral difference in absolute carbon storage between the benchmark reference point and the current measurement point, deducing the localized pure incremental carbon sequestration rate excluding background interference, and calculating the total carbon sequestration function of the entire watershed, providing high-precision and high-stability technical support for the accounting of the ecological product value of soil and water conservation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of integrated soil and water conservation technology, specifically to a method, equipment, and medium for calculating the carbon sequestration function of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution. Background Technology

[0002] Soil and water conservation projects are not only the foundation of watershed ecological protection and management, but also a key pathway to consolidate and enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of terrestrial ecosystems. Accurately calculating the carbon sequestration and enhancement functions generated by soil and water conservation measures is of great significance for assessing the effectiveness of ecological restoration, calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, and thus promoting green and low-carbon development.

[0003] Currently, there are several technical bottlenecks in calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products at the micro scale, such as administrative divisions or small watershed divisions. In the early stages of comprehensive soil and water conservation in small watersheds, there is often a lack of long-term ecological monitoring stations, resulting in a large amount of missing historical baseline data, such as soil organic carbon density and vegetation biomass, which reflect the natural state before the control measures.

[0004] Traditional static time series comparison methods cannot be effectively implemented in such cases of data discontinuity.

[0005] Existing technologies typically employ default carbon sink coefficients for macro-regions or large-scale remote sensing estimation models as substitutes. However, these macro-level empirical constants severely neglect the micro-level differences in micro-topographical undulations and specific soil and water conservation engineering interventions, resulting in a lack of spatial specificity and accuracy in the calculation results. In the field data acquisition phase, routine operations often employ extremely low-density random sampling methods, violating the law of large numbers in basic statistics. Soil and vegetation exhibit strong spatial heterogeneity in nature, and data obtained from a small number of sampling points are severely affected by extreme values ​​and edge effects, leading to insufficient representativeness. Regarding the chemical analysis of carbon content, the traditional hydration thermochemical potassium dichromate oxidation volumetric titration method is cumbersome, cannot completely oxidize inert organic carbon deep within clay minerals such as red soil, and is highly susceptible to side reactions from complex chloride ions and other mineral impurities in soil erosion areas, resulting in significant human error in endpoint determination. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention proposes a method, equipment, and medium for calculating the carbon sequestration function of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The method for calculating the carbon sequestration function of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution of the present invention includes the following steps: S1: Define the spatial boundary of the target small watershed based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing imagery and extract the distribution area of ​​different land use types; S2: Using the spatial substitution time theory in community succession ecology, a spatial substitution time model is constructed. Within the target area or adjacent hydrological units, wasteland patches that have not undergone artificial soil and water conservation intervention and are in a state of natural succession degradation are selected as benchmark reference points. At the same time, representative current measurement points are selected in areas where various soil and water conservation projects and vegetation measures have been implemented. S3: High-density, multi-point standardized in-situ solid sampling was conducted at the benchmark reference point and various existing measurement points to obtain the average soil bulk density and the pure dry matter biomass of the plant community per unit area. S4: Place the collected homogeneous soil and plant samples in a total organic carbon analyzer and obtain the accurate total carbon mass fraction of the samples through high-temperature catalytic oxidation combustion and non-dispersive infrared absorption technology. S5: Calculate the absolute carbon storage per unit area at each measuring point based on the measured parameters, and deduce the average annual carbon sequestration rate of pure increment by deducting the base number with the carbon storage at the benchmark reference point as zero. S6: Substitute the obtained incremental annual average carbon sequestration rate into the ecosystem physical extension equation to calculate and output the annual total physical carbon sequestration function of the entire watershed ecosystem due to soil and water conservation measures.

[0008] The steps for selecting patches using the space-for-time model are as follows: Homogeneous domain screening was performed on untreated degraded plaques to obtain homogeneous domain screening results; Within the homogeneous domain screening results, paired treatment-reference patches are obtained by maximizing the background similarity index; For establishing paired governance-reference patches, calculate the localized annual average carbon sequestration rate of the patches over the governance years; Based on the localized annual average carbon sequestration rate, the patch-scale results were extrapolated to the entire watershed, and similarity was used as a weight to control the uncertainty of substitution, so as to obtain the total annual carbon sequestration of soil and water conservation in the entire watershed. Based on the total annual carbon sequestration of the entire watershed, suitable wasteland patches were selected as benchmark reference points.

[0009] Preferably, the homogeneous region screening formula is as follows:

[0010] in, For the set of all degraded plaques that meet the substitution criteria, For the first Untreated degraded plaques, Soil type for patches, The parent material that formed the patches, The average elevation of the patch. plaque and slope similarity, plaque Long-term normalized vegetation index (NDI) trend The AND operator indicates that all listed conditions must be met simultaneously.

[0011] Preferably, the formula for calculating the maximum background similarity index is as follows:

[0012] in, , The background features include continuous or categorical characteristics such as topography and historical erosion intensity. As feature importance weights, To tolerate bandwidth, For indicator functions, The index is when the first The exponent is 1 when the feature is a continuous variable, and 0 otherwise. The index is when the first The exponent is 1 when the feature is a categorical variable, and 0 otherwise.

[0013] Preferably, the localized annual average carbon sequestration rate The calculation formula is as follows:

[0014]

[0015] in, This represents the current measured total carbon density, which includes background carbon and carbon sequestration from remediation efforts. plaque The pure cumulative increase in carbon sequestration density, As the optimal degraded reference plaque The current measured total carbon density; plaque The localized annual average carbon sequestration rate, The duration of the governance period; The formula for calculating the total annual carbon sequestration of the entire watershed is as follows:

[0016] in, The total annual carbon sequestration for soil and water conservation in the entire basin. To address the total number of plaques, To address the area of ​​the plaques, This refers to the total area where soil and water conservation measures have been implemented. plaque The similarity weight between it and its optimal degraded reference patch.

[0017] Preferably, the selection constraint of the benchmark reference point is as follows: the benchmark reference point must be tested for natural geographical similarity to confirm that its parent material type, average slope of micro-topography, and hydrological and meteorological conditions such as multi-year average precipitation and temperature are highly homologous with the initial state of the target small watershed before the implementation of soil and water conservation management. Through this feature spatial mapping, its comprehensive ecological parameters are equivalently used as the baseline year historical background data.

[0018] Preferably, the operational procedure for the high-density multi-point standardized in-situ entity sampling is as follows: for herbaceous and farmland ecosystems, at least five 1m sampling points are set up within the same measuring point plot using a quincunx five-point sampling method. 2 Standard square plots were used to collect aboveground plant and underground root networks, and biomass data were obtained by drying the samples to constant weight in a laboratory at a constant temperature. For arbor forests, plots with an area of ​​not less than 400 m² were set up. 2 Large-scale observation plots were used, and stratified nested sampling of trees, shrubs, and grasses was conducted. For undisturbed soil, standard metal ring cutters with known precise volumes were vertically pressed into representative points of each plot to cut undisturbed soil cores, which were then dried at a constant temperature of 105℃ until the mass was constant in order to calculate the true average soil bulk density.

[0019] Preferably, the specific mechanism for obtaining the accurate total carbon mass fraction of the sample through high-temperature catalytic oxidation combustion and non-dispersive infrared absorption technology is as follows: the temperature of the combustion core chamber is set between 680°C and 950°C, and the carbon-containing organic matter and inorganic carbon lattice in the sample that are tightly wrapped by clay minerals or are difficult to degrade are completely oxidized in an oxygen-rich carrier gas environment, and converted into carbon dioxide gas. After interference is eliminated by an electronic condenser dehumidifier and a halogen remover, the total carbon mass percentage is determined by a non-dispersive infrared sensor by measuring the physical attenuation of the infrared radiation intensity at a set wavelength.

[0020] Preferably, the derivation model for the pure incremental annual average carbon sequestration rate is as follows: The absolute carbon storage of soil at a single measuring point's profile depth is added to the absolute carbon storage per unit area of ​​vegetation to obtain the comprehensive carbon storage density. The difference between the comprehensive carbon storage density of each current soil and water conservation measuring point and the comprehensive carbon storage density of the benchmark point is calculated. This difference is then divided by the actual effective years of the corresponding soil and water conservation measures since completion or planting to obtain the unit of measurement. The net incremental annual average carbon sequestration rate.

[0021] Preferably, the extended ecosystem physical equations cover forest and shrub soil carbon sequestration models, grassland soil carbon sequestration models, farmland and orchard soil carbon sequestration models, and wetland soil carbon sequestration models. The calculation process is based on the physical area distribution of different land use types, the corresponding net incremental annual average carbon sequestration rate, and composite correction terms including the proportion of straw returned to the field or the vertical structure of the forest layer.

[0022] Preferably, the formula for calculating the absolute carbon storage of the soil is as follows: .

[0023] Preferably, the formula for calculating the absolute carbon storage of the vegetation is as follows: .

[0024] In another aspect, the present invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the method described above.

[0025] In another aspect, the present invention also discloses a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the steps of the method described above.

[0026] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the present invention provides a method for calculating the carbon sequestration function of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: the application of the spatial substitution time theory breaks through the objective limitation of missing long-term monitoring data, making it possible to start high-standard calculations in any area with weak early monitoring investment; the high-density repeated quadrats and undisturbed ring sampling design, from the statistical root, suppress the overall distortion caused by local data extrema, and improve the reliability of parameters; the high-temperature combustion and non-dispersive infrared technology of the total organic carbon detector realize the technical leap from traditional chemical volumetric drop directional physical optical precision analysis in obtaining carbon content, avoiding human and impurity interference. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for calculating the carbon sequestration function of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution, as presented in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for calculating the carbon sequestration function of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1: Define the spatial boundary of the target small watershed based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing imagery and extract the distribution area of ​​different land use types; S2: Using the spatial substitution time theory in community succession ecology, a spatial substitution time model is constructed. Within the target area or adjacent hydrological units, wasteland patches that have not undergone artificial soil and water conservation intervention and are in a state of natural succession degradation are selected as benchmark reference points. At the same time, representative current measurement points are selected in areas where various soil and water conservation projects and vegetation measures have been implemented. S3: High-density, multi-point standardized in-situ solid sampling was conducted at the benchmark reference point and various existing measurement points to obtain the average soil bulk density and the pure dry matter biomass of the plant community per unit area. As an embodiment of the present invention, the spatial substitution of time theory in community succession ecology is applied to select wasteland patches in the target area or adjacent hydrological units that have not undergone artificial soil and water conservation intervention and are in a state of natural succession degradation as benchmark reference points, including: The designed space-time substitution model is as follows: First, a strict homogeneity region screening is performed:

[0030] in, For the set of all degraded plaques that meet the substitution criteria, For the first Untreated degraded plaques, Soil type for patches, The parent material that formed the patches, The average elevation of the patch. plaque and slope similarity, plaque Long-term normalized vegetation index (NDI) trend This indicates a logical AND, meaning that all listed conditions must be satisfied simultaneously. This enforces the consistency of parent material and soil type, and uses an elevation difference threshold. Slope similarity By identifying stable degenerate plaques that are truly eligible for replacement, and by using long-term data showing no significant increase in NDVI (trend ≤ 0); That is, to treat plaque An effective space proxy pool.

[0031] exist Internally, by maximizing the baseline similarity index , for each Choose an optimal agent Alternatively, the average of the top few values ​​can be taken, calculated as follows:

[0032] in, , The background features include continuous or categorical characteristics such as topography and historical erosion intensity. As feature importance weights, To tolerate bandwidth, For indicator functions, The index is when the first The exponent is 1 when the feature is a continuous variable, and 0 otherwise. The index is when the first The index is 1 when the feature is a categorical variable and 0 otherwise, ensuring a high degree of identity between the pairings in terms of material basis, terrain-driven, and historical trajectory. For establishing strictly paired governance—reference plaques ( , ), its governance period The pure cumulative increase in carbon sequestration density within The value is given directly from the spatial difference:

[0033] in, This represents the current measured total carbon density, including background carbon and carbon sequestration from remediation efforts; this spatial difference completely eliminates the interference from pre-remediation background carbon, as it has been converted from... Explicit proxy; consequently, the localized annual carbon sequestration rate of the patch. for:

[0034] The patch-scale results were extrapolated to the entire watershed, and similarity was utilized. As a weighted control to replace uncertainty, the total annual carbon sequestration of soil and water conservation in the entire basin was obtained. :

[0035] Alternatively, one can directly use the weighted average rate multiplied by the total area:

[0036]

[0037] in, To address the total number of plaques, To address the area of ​​the plaques, This refers to the total area where soil and water conservation measures have been implemented. plaque The similarity weights between the model and its optimal degraded reference patch are used; through similarity weighting, the substitution relationship with high confidence contributes more to the final result, and the stability and accuracy of the model are significantly improved.

[0038] S4: Place the collected homogeneous soil and plant samples in a total organic carbon analyzer and obtain the accurate total carbon mass fraction of the samples through high-temperature catalytic oxidation combustion and non-dispersive infrared absorption technology. S5: Calculate the absolute carbon storage per unit area at each measuring point based on the measured parameters, and deduce the average annual carbon sequestration rate of pure increment by deducting the base number with the carbon storage at the benchmark reference point as zero. S6: Substitute the obtained incremental annual average carbon sequestration rate into the ecosystem physical extension equation to calculate and output the annual total physical carbon sequestration function of the entire watershed ecosystem due to soil and water conservation measures.

[0039] As an embodiment of the present invention, the calculation area of ​​this embodiment is the Sanhewei small watershed located in a town in the transition zone of the alluvial plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This small watershed is situated in the terminal hilly area of ​​the mountainous extension zone, with a total catchment area of ​​19.60 km². The parent material of the soil in this area is mainly Quaternary red clay and Lower Shu loess, and the resulting red soil and yellow-brown soil are generally heavy, have poor permeability and low water storage capacity, and are extremely weak in natural erosion and scour resistance. Historically, the soil erosion in this watershed has been mainly water erosion such as surface erosion and gully erosion, and the potential threat of soil erosion has existed for a long time. After years of conservation, secondary forests such as Masson pine forests and moso bamboo forests are now widely distributed in the watershed, and the vegetation coverage has recovered to 46.79%.

[0040] Based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing imagery, the system extracted the accurate projected areas of various ecological land types within the small watershed for the current status year (2025). Due to the lack of systematic locational observations of soil carbon density and plant biomass in this area before soil and water conservation intervention (set as the baseline year 2022), historical baseline data was scarce. The implementation team, combining spatial distribution maps, conducted multidimensional geological and ecological reconnaissance within the region, identifying a barren patch, marked WZ-5, that had not undergone any soil and water conservation intervention and suffered typical sheet erosion degradation. After rigorous homogeneity testing based on parent material, hydrological characteristics, and micro-topographic slope, the geological and climatic characteristics of WZ-5 highly matched those of the Sanhewei small watershed before intervention. Based on the theory of space replacing time, this method directly mapped and established the current ecological carbon storage parameters of WZ-5 as the baseline zero point for the entire small watershed in 2022 before intervention. Meanwhile, the following were selected as current status monitoring points: grassland WZ-1 where artificial grass was planted, farmland WZ-2 where soil conservation tillage was carried out at equal elevations, riverbank protection zone WZ-3 with composite ecological slope protection, high-coverage orchard WZ-4, and protected Masson pine forest WZ-6. WZ-1: Represents a typical grassland ecosystem that has been restored through ecological artificial grass planting and management by soil and water conservation. WZ-2: Represents a typical farmland ecosystem that has fully implemented protective tillage measures; WZ-3: This represents a riverbank system that incorporates gabion stone cages and plant-based composite ecological slope protection, located in the core area of ​​comprehensive watershed water ecological management. WZ-4: Represents a high-coverage orchard economic forest system that has adopted soil and water conservation interventions; WZ-5: Represents wasteland where no artificial intervention projects for soil and water conservation have been implemented. The vegetation is sparse, and the topsoil has been completely exposed to the direct splashing and scouring of concentrated rainfall for a long time, exhibiting typical characteristics of mild to moderate surface erosion and water erosion degradation.

[0041] WZ-6: Represents a Masson pine forest ecosystem that has long implemented measures such as closing mountains to forest for afforestation, strictly prohibiting logging, and superimposing soil and water conservation forest tending.

[0042] In the small watershed site, high-density sampling of plant community quadrats and in-situ ring sampling of soil were employed. When determining the undisturbed soil bulk density, a five-point staggered sampling method was used within each sampling point plot. After removing undecomposed surface debris, a standard volume of 200 cm³ was used. 3 Stainless steel ring cutters were vertically pressed into the undisturbed soil core within a 0-30cm profile. Immediately after extraction, the cores were sealed and transported to prevent dehydration. After wet weight measurement in the laboratory, the cores were dried in a forced-air drying oven at 105℃ until the mass remained constant upon continuous weighing. Arithmetic mean calculations of data from numerous measurement points showed that the soil bulk density of wasteland WZ-5, used as a baseline replacement, was as high as 1.50 g / cm³ due to long-term erosion and rain compaction; the bulk density of farmland WZ-2, affected by agricultural activities, was 1.60 g / cm³; and the soil bulk density of forestland WZ-6, improved by the deep root system pore-forming effect of the afforestation and grassland, was 1.00 g / cm³. For obtaining plant community biomass, herbaceous and farmland measurement points were set up on a five-point quincunx network with a 1m... 2 Standard square quadrats were used to establish large-scale observation master plots for arbor forests, nested with lower-level sub-quadrats. Within the three-dimensional space of the quadrats, living stems and leaves, undecomposed litter, and underground root networks were meticulously distinguished and fully harvested, then dried at a constant temperature of 65℃ to a completely dry state. Field data derived from in-depth analysis of regional ecological succession characteristics showed that: the vegetation in wasteland WZ-5 was sparse and short, with a total dry matter biomass of only 148.00 g / m²; the artificially restored grassland WZ-1, with its dense and well-developed root system, achieved a dry matter biomass of 650.00 g / m²; the farmland under soil-conserving cultivation in WZ-2, affected by intensive planting, reached 1200.00 g / m²; the orchard in WZ-4, with its accumulated woody framework, reached 2200.00 g / m²; and the long-closed Masson pine forest in WZ-6 had the highest three-dimensional biomass, reaching 4500.00 g / m². The implementation of high-density sampling mitigated the random errors caused by microscopic spatial heterogeneity.

[0043] Traditional hydration thermogravimetric methods are incomplete in oxidizing large-molecule inert organic carbon encapsulated in red soil clay minerals and are often affected by soil chloride ions, leading to color titration errors. A high-temperature combustion-type total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer is introduced as a replacement. Homogenized and pulverized soil and plant powder samples, passed through micron-sized standard sieves, are precisely weighed and placed into a high-temperature resistant quartz combustion boat. Within an absolutely sealed working chamber, the instrument's core combustion tube is instantaneously heated to an extreme high-temperature range of 680°C to 950°C under oxygen-rich carrier gas. Under the action of a catalyst, the carbon-carbon bonds within the sample are completely thermally torn apart, and all forms of carbon-containing structures undergo irreversible and intense oxidation, transforming into carbon dioxide gas. The mixed gas flow passes through a condensation and dehumidification electronic device and a halogen removal system, deeply washing away moisture and impurities. The carbon dioxide carrier gas directly reaches the non-dispersive infrared optical sensor matrix. The sensor accurately calculates the absorption attenuation rate of carbon dioxide molecules to a set infrared radiation intensity and outputs a precise total carbon mass percentage using an internal high-frequency integration algorithm. Microscopic analysis data showed that the total carbon content of the soil in wasteland WZ-5 was only 1.019% due to long-term nutrient loss, while the total carbon content of the soil in WZ-1, which implemented soil and water conservation measures by planting grass, was as high as 4.467%. Regarding vegetation carbon content, the sparse grass in WZ-5 had a carbon content of 36.50% due to restricted development, while the highly lignified pine community in WZ-6 reached 48.60%.

[0044] The high-precision data generated in the previous steps were fused in three dimensions. Soil absolute carbon storage was obtained by multiplying the measured soil bulk density, profile depth, and total soil carbon percentage; vegetation absolute carbon storage was obtained by multiplying the dry matter biomass per unit area and the plant's total carbon content; the two were added together to obtain the total absolute carbon storage density per unit area at each measuring point. Subsequently, an additionality stripping and deduction operation was performed: the total absolute carbon storage measured at the baseline reference point WZ-5 was used as the zero-point deduction base for the natural background. The baseline carbon storage was subtracted from the total carbon storage of the current measuring points (since the riverbank area of ​​WZ-3 under comprehensive management was very small and planted with trees and shrubs, it was incorporated into the WZ-6 forest group for unified calculation based on the principle of homogenization and scientific dimensionality reduction) to obtain the absolute difference in net increment. Finally, this difference was divided by the three-year time span from the baseline year of 2022 to the current status year of 2025. The extrapolation results show that the localized annual average carbon sequestration rate, excluding background noise, is as follows: 133.25 tC / (km²·a) per unit area for water-conserving grassland systems; 4.81 tC / (km²·a) for forest systems; 4.27 tC / (km²·a) for soil-conserving farmland; and 11.87 tC / (km²·a) for orchards.

[0045] The actual projected physical areas of various ecological land types in the small watershed, as mapped by satellite remote sensing, were retrieved: forest 7.51 km², grassland 0.40 km², soil-conserving farmland 7.54 km², and orchard 1.27 km². The previously extrapolated localized carbon sequestration rates were substituted into the ecosystem-specific physical extension equation for cross-multiplication and classification correction. In the forest soil carbon sequestration capacity, 4.81 tC / (km²·a) was multiplied by the area and substituted with an adjustment coefficient reflecting the vertical structure of the canopy. After calculation using the baseline difference deduction method, the additional pure carbon sequestration increment brought about by the 2-year management period was confirmed to be 1.01 tC / a. In the grassland soil carbon sequestration capacity, its extremely high burst rate multiplied by a small area contributed an increment of 10.66 tC / a. The total carbon sequestration capacity of farmland and orchard soils, after being incorporated into a superposition model including the carbon sequestration of the soil-conserving tillage chassis, the effect of fertilizer correction, and the implementation rate of protective straw return to the field, was calculated to be 0.90 tC / a. The system performs cross-ecosystem summation physical calculations, yielding an additional total ecosystem physical carbon sequestration capacity of 12.57 tC / a driven by the comprehensive soil and water conservation measures implemented in recent years in the Sanhewei small watershed. The calculation process is now complete after outputting the capacity data.

[0046] In another aspect, the present invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the method described above.

[0047] In another aspect, the present invention also discloses a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the steps of the method described above.

[0048] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the flow or function according to the embodiments of this application is generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state disk).

[0049] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0050] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0051] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the carbon sequestration capacity of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Define the spatial boundary of the target small watershed based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing imagery and extract the distribution area of ​​different land use types; S2: Using the spatial substitution time theory in community succession ecology, a spatial substitution time model is constructed. Within the target area or adjacent hydrological units, wasteland patches that have not undergone artificial soil and water conservation intervention and are in a state of natural succession degradation are selected as benchmark reference points. At the same time, representative current measurement points are selected in areas where various soil and water conservation projects and vegetation measures have been implemented. S3: High-density, multi-point standardized in-situ solid sampling was conducted at the benchmark reference point and various existing measurement points to obtain the average soil bulk density and the pure dry matter biomass of the plant community per unit area. S4: Place the collected homogeneous soil and plant samples in a total organic carbon analyzer and obtain the accurate total carbon mass fraction of the samples through high-temperature catalytic oxidation combustion and non-dispersive infrared absorption technology. S5: Calculate the absolute carbon storage per unit area at each measuring point based on the measured parameters, and deduce the average annual carbon sequestration rate of pure increment by deducting the base number with the carbon storage at the benchmark reference point as zero. S6: Substitute the obtained incremental annual average carbon sequestration rate into the ecosystem physical extension equation to calculate and output the annual total physical carbon sequestration function of the entire watershed ecosystem due to soil and water conservation measures.

2. The method for calculating the carbon sequestration function of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selection constraints of the benchmark reference point are as follows: the benchmark reference point must be tested for natural geographical similarity to confirm that its parent material type, average slope of micro-topography, and multi-year average precipitation, temperature and hydrological and meteorological conditions are highly homologous with the initial state of the target small watershed before the implementation of soil and water conservation management. Through this feature spatial mapping, its comprehensive ecological parameters are equivalently used as the historical background data of the baseline year.

3. The method for calculating the carbon sequestration function of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps for selecting patches using the space-for-time model are as follows: Homogeneous domain screening was performed on untreated degraded plaques to obtain homogeneous domain screening results; Within the homogeneous domain screening results, paired treatment-reference patches are obtained by maximizing the background similarity index; For establishing paired governance-reference patches, calculate the localized annual average carbon sequestration rate of the patches over the governance years; Based on the localized annual average carbon sequestration rate, the patch-scale results were extrapolated to the entire watershed, and similarity was used as a weight to control the uncertainty of substitution, so as to obtain the total annual carbon sequestration of soil and water conservation in the entire watershed. Based on the total annual carbon sequestration of the entire watershed, barren patches were selected as benchmark reference points.

4. The method for calculating the carbon sequestration function of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution according to claim 3, characterized in that: The formula for screening homogeneous regions is as follows: in, For the set of all degraded plaques that meet the substitution criteria, For the first Untreated degraded plaques, Soil type for patches, The parent material that formed the patches, The average elevation of the patch. plaque and slope similarity, plaque Long-term normalized vegetation index (NDI) trend The AND operator indicates that all listed conditions must be met simultaneously.

5. The method for calculating the carbon sequestration function of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution according to claim 4, characterized in that: The formula for maximizing the background similarity index is as follows: in, , The background features include continuous or categorical characteristics such as topography and historical erosion intensity. As feature importance weights, To tolerate bandwidth, For indicator functions, The index is when the first The exponent is 1 when the feature is a continuous variable, and 0 otherwise. The index is when the first The index is 1 when the feature is a categorical variable, and 0 otherwise.

6. The method for calculating the carbon sequestration function of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution according to claim 5, characterized in that: The localized annual average carbon sequestration rate The calculation formula is as follows: in, This represents the current measured total carbon density, which includes background carbon and carbon sequestration from remediation efforts. plaque The pure cumulative increase in carbon sequestration density, As the optimal degraded reference plaque The current measured total carbon density; plaque The localized annual average carbon sequestration rate, The duration of the governance period; The formula for calculating the total annual carbon sequestration of the entire watershed is as follows: in, The total annual carbon sequestration for soil and water conservation in the entire basin. To address the total number of plaques, To address the area of ​​the plaques, This refers to the total area where soil and water conservation measures have been implemented. plaque The similarity weight between it and its optimal degraded reference patch.

7. The method for calculating the carbon sequestration function of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution according to claim 6, characterized in that: The model for extrapolating the annual average carbon sequestration rate is as follows: the absolute carbon storage of soil at a set profile depth within a single measuring point is added to the absolute carbon storage per unit area of ​​vegetation to obtain the comprehensive carbon storage density. The difference between the comprehensive carbon storage density of each current soil and water conservation measuring point and the comprehensive carbon storage density of the benchmark reference point is calculated. Then, the difference is divided by the actual effective years of the corresponding soil and water conservation measures since completion or planting to obtain the annual average carbon sequestration rate.

8. The method for calculating the carbon sequestration function of soil and water conservation based on spatial substitution according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ecosystem physics extended equations cover forest and shrub soil carbon sequestration models, grassland soil carbon sequestration models, farmland and orchard soil carbon sequestration models, and wetland soil carbon sequestration models. The calculation process is based on the physical area distribution of different land use types, the corresponding net incremental annual average carbon sequestration rate, and composite correction terms including the proportion of straw returned to the field or the vertical structure of the forest layer.

9. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it causes the processor to perform the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it causes the processor to perform the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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