A monitoring method for bridge construction

Abstract

This invention provides a monitoring method for bridge construction, belonging to the field of bridge construction monitoring technology. By constructing a dynamic offset quantitative calculation model for piers and abutments, a multi-dimensional error correction formula, and an offset risk classification and judgment system, it achieves continuous, high-precision dynamic monitoring of the entire bridge pier and abutment construction process. It accurately identifies the offset amount, offset causes, and development trends of piers and abutments, predicts offset risks in advance, and implements proactive control, effectively avoiding structural stress defects and subsequent construction difficulties caused by pier and abutment position offset, ensuring the forming accuracy of bridge piers and abutments and the overall structural safety, and improving the standardization and intelligent management level of bridge construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bridge construction monitoring technology, specifically relating to a monitoring method for the bridge construction process. Background Technology

[0002] As the core vertical load-bearing components of a bridge, the accuracy of bridge piers and abutments in construction directly determines the overall structural stability and subsequent construction quality of the bridge. During the conventional construction process of bridge piers and abutments, including pouring, demolding, curing, and consolidation, multiple factors such as uneven ground settlement, formwork deformation, concrete hydration heat deformation, construction load disturbance, changes in environmental temperature and humidity, and human positioning deviations can easily lead to quality defects such as horizontal displacement, vertical tilting, and axial misalignment of the piers and abutments.

[0003] Existing bridge construction monitoring technologies mostly employ phased, manual total station and level instrument point-based detection methods, which can only achieve static deviation sampling after pier and abutment formation, and cannot cover the dynamic deformation and offset evolution process throughout the entire construction process. At the same time, traditional monitoring methods do not distinguish the influence weight of different construction stages and different environmental factors on pier and abutment offset, making it impossible to accurately predict the offset development trend, resulting in problems such as monitoring lag, data fragmentation, and untimely early warning.

[0004] Pier misalignment directly disrupts the bridge's structural design, leading to eccentric vertical bearing capacity, uneven stress on the superstructure supports, and excessive linear deviation of the bridge, significantly reducing its structural durability and safety margin. Furthermore, pier misalignment causes difficulties in subsequent superstructure construction, such as cap beam pouring, support installation, and beam erection, requiring substantial manpower and resources for correction, severely delaying construction, increasing costs, and in extreme cases, necessitating pier rework and reconstruction due to excessive misalignment, resulting in significant project losses.

[0005] Current monitoring methods lack targeted full-process dynamic offset quantification calculation models, multi-cause coupling correction mechanisms, and hierarchical early warning and control strategies. They cannot achieve real-time monitoring, accurate judgment, and proactive prevention and control of pier offset, and are unable to meet the quality control requirements of high-precision, standardized, and intelligent construction of modern bridges. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new bridge construction monitoring method to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to address the technical challenges of existing bridge pier construction monitoring technologies, such as monitoring lag, low data accuracy, inability to quantify the coupled effects of multiple causes of deviation, and lack of trend prediction capabilities. It provides a monitoring method for bridge construction. This method achieves continuous, high-precision dynamic monitoring of the entire bridge pier construction process by constructing a dynamic deviation quantitative calculation model for piers, a multi-dimensional error correction formula, and a deviation risk classification system. It accurately identifies the deviation amount, causes, and development trends of piers, predicts deviation risks in advance, and implements proactive control, effectively avoiding structural stress defects and subsequent construction difficulties caused by pier position deviation. This ensures the forming accuracy of bridge piers and the overall structural safety, and improves the standardization and intelligent management level of bridge construction.

[0007] The present invention employs the following technical solution.

[0008] A monitoring method for bridge construction includes:

[0009] Step 1: Before the construction of bridge piers and abutments, complete the deployment of integrated monitoring hardware and parameter initialization;

[0010] Step 2: Throughout the entire pier construction process, collect five major categories of core monitoring data continuously;

[0011] Step 3: Based on the collected core monitoring data, the dynamic total offset calculation formula of the pier is used to quantify the real-time comprehensive dynamic offset of the pier monitoring section and decompose the offset components corresponding to each cause.

[0012] Step 4: Create a dynamic error correction formula for the construction phase, and perform a second precise correction on the initially calculated real-time comprehensive dynamic offset to obtain the final true offset.

[0013] Step 5: Based on the continuously collected real offset data, establish formulas for calculating offset rate and offset acceleration to predict the development trend of pier offset.

[0014] Step 6: Based on the bridge construction quality acceptance specifications, and using the three major indicators of the final actual dynamic offset, real-time offset rate, and real-time offset acceleration, establish a four-level offset risk early warning system.

[0015] Step 7: Implement corresponding precise controls based on different levels of offset risk and the offset causes identified through tracing.

[0016] Furthermore, in step 1, high-precision GNSS positioning monitoring points, fiber optic strain sensors, temperature sensors, and settlement monitoring sensors are first deployed at four key monitoring sections: the foundation abutment, the bottom of the pier, the middle of the pier, and the top of the pier. Then, a local coordinate system for bridge construction is established, with the bridge design axis as the reference axis, to calibrate the initial three-dimensional coordinates, initial strain values, initial temperature values, and initial foundation settlement values ​​of each monitoring point.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 2, the five categories of core monitoring data include: real-time horizontal X-axis and Y-axis coordinate data and vertical Z-axis settlement data for each monitoring section; real-time temperature of the pier concrete, ambient air temperature and humidity data; real-time deformation rate of the formwork panel; construction equipment load and temporary surcharge construction dynamic load data; real-time micro-settlement data of the foundation; and all collected data are transmitted to the background monitoring terminal in real time.

[0018] Furthermore, in step 3,

[0019] ;

[0020] In the formula, This refers to the real-time comprehensive dynamic offset of the monitoring section of the pier; This is the set temperature deformation correction factor; The offset component of the pier induced by temperature change; The set foundation settlement correction factor; This represents the offset component induced by uneven settlement of the foundation. This is the set template deformation correction factor; The offset component induced by the deformation of the template support; This is the set correction factor for the heat of hydration of concrete; The offset component induced by the heat of hydration deformation of concrete; The set correction factor for construction load disturbance; The offset component induced by construction load; This represents the inherent deviation value of the system at the initial stage of construction.

[0021] Furthermore, in step 3, ;

[0022] In the formula, is the coefficient of linear expansion of concrete; This represents the real-time temperature difference between the pier concrete and the environment. To monitor the height of the cross-section from the pier foundation; This is the conversion factor for the offset of temperature-induced stress;

[0023] ;

[0024] In the formula, The real-time settlement difference at multiple points of the foundation; The equivalent length of the horizontal cantilever of the pier monitoring section; This refers to the total design height of the pier.

[0025] Furthermore, in step 3, In the formula, This represents the real-time deformation rate of the template panel. The stress transfer coefficient for template deformation;

[0026] ;

[0027] In the formula, This is the conversion factor for concrete hydration deformation; This refers to the coefficient of linear expansion of concrete. To monitor the characteristic length of the cross-section; This refers to the hydration temperature difference inside the concrete.

[0028] Furthermore, in step 3, In the formula: The equivalent load for real-time construction; The elastic modulus of the pier concrete; Let be the moment of inertia of the pier section; This represents the dynamic disturbance coefficient of the construction load.

[0029] Furthermore, in step 4, the dynamic error correction formula for the construction phase is:

[0030] ;

[0031] In the formula, This represents the final, actual dynamic offset of the pier. Correction factors for the set construction stage; This is a correction factor for environmental interference. This refers to the error value monitored by the equipment in real time.

[0032] Furthermore, in step 5, the formulas for calculating the offset rate and offset acceleration are as follows:

[0033] ;

[0034] ;

[0035] In the formula, The real-time offset rate of the pier; This represents the actual dynamic offset for the current period. This represents the actual dynamic offset from the previous monitoring period; For the duration of the monitoring cycle; Real-time acceleration for pier offset; The offset real-time rate for the current period; This is the real-time rate of the offset from the previous cycle.

[0036] Furthermore, in step 6, the first-level normal state is... ≤3mm, and ≤0.05mm / min ≤0.01mm / min², no risk of displacement, maintain normal construction;

[0037] Level 2 minor risk is 3mm < If the deviation is ≤6mm, or the real-time rate or real-time acceleration of the deviation exceeds the standard, an early warning will be issued, and the monitoring frequency will be increased.

[0038] Level 3 moderate risk is 6mm < If the deviation is ≤10mm, or the rate of deviation continues to increase, a medium-level warning will be issued, and local construction will be suspended.

[0039] Level 4 severe risk If the deviation is greater than 10mm, or if the offset acceleration continues to surge, a high-level warning will be issued, and construction will be completely halted.

[0040] Furthermore, in step 7, for temperature-induced deviations, the curing temperature is adjusted and thermal insulation measures are added; for deviations induced by foundation settlement, the foundation is reinforced by grouting and the construction load distribution is adjusted; for deviations induced by formwork deformation, the formwork support is reinforced and the tension of the tie bolts is adjusted; for deviations induced by hydration heat, the concrete mix ratio is optimized and layered cooling curing is adopted; for deviations induced by construction loads, the operation of construction equipment is standardized and temporary loads are cleared.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows, compared with the prior art:

[0042] By employing a brand-new monitoring methodology and an original quantitative calculation model, the technical shortcomings of existing bridge pier and abutment construction monitoring are overcome from five dimensions: monitoring accuracy, risk prevention and control, construction quality, engineering benefits, and structural safety. Significant technological advancements and practical application results have been achieved, with specific technical effects as follows:

[0043] This invention employs a continuous, dynamic data acquisition mode throughout the entire process, coupled with multi-coupling quantification formulas and a dynamic error correction model, effectively avoiding the fragmentation and lag issues of traditional manual fixed-point monitoring data. Compared to traditional monitoring technologies, this method improves the accuracy of pier offset monitoring, providing better completeness and continuity of monitoring data. Furthermore, the sub-offset offset formulas accurately quantify the offset contribution value of each inducing factor, precisely locating the core offset problem and improving the accuracy of source tracing. This effectively avoids the problems of traditional technologies failing to accurately locate the cause of offset and resorting to blind rectification, providing core data support for precise construction control. This invention, through offset rate and acceleration trend prediction models, can predict the development trend of pier offset in advance. Combined with a four-level graded early warning system, it enables early detection, early control, and early elimination of minor offset risks. It changes the traditional technology's approach of only discovering problems and passively rectifying them after offset exceeds the standard, shifting the control point of pier offset quality defects forward, eliminating the problem of exceeding the standard at its root, and effectively avoiding structural stress abnormalities caused by pier offset. It effectively avoids common quality defects related to pier offset. Through precise full-process monitoring and dynamic control, this invention ensures that bridge pier axis misalignment, vertical tilt, and horizontal offset meet national bridge construction quality acceptance standards, achieving uniform and symmetrical vertical and horizontal stress on the piers and eliminating the problems of force eccentricity and stress concentration caused by traditional offset defects. The significant improvement in pier forming accuracy effectively ensures the installation accuracy of subsequent cap beams, supports, and beams, achieving precise alignment between the superstructure and substructure. The overall bridge force system conforms to the design theoretical model, significantly improving structural load-bearing stability and deformation resistance. This invention precisely controls pier offset throughout the entire construction process, ensuring that pier forming accuracy meets standards. Subsequent pier correction and structural alignment adjustments are unnecessary, allowing for standardized and efficient superstructure construction. This invention employs an automated data acquisition, intelligent quantitative calculation, and fully automated early warning and control management mode, breaking away from the traditional extensive management mode of manual monitoring and judgment, and achieving digital, refined, and intelligent management of bridge pier construction quality. A unified quantitative calculation model and tiered early warning standards avoid the subjectivity and variability of human experience-based judgment, achieving standardized and regulated quality control in bridge construction. This effectively improves the quality control level of bridge engineering construction and provides reliable technical support for high-precision construction of various highway, railway, and municipal bridges. It has a wide range of applications and high promotional value. For key projects such as long-span bridges and high-pier bridges, excessive pier offset can easily lead to major safety hazards such as pier cracking, structural instability, and beam overturning. This invention, through real-time dynamic monitoring, trend prediction, and tiered strict control, can eliminate the problem of excessive pier offset, fundamentally avoiding structural safety risks during the bridge construction stage, ensuring safety and controllability throughout the construction process, and preventing major engineering accidents and huge economic losses caused by pier quality defects. The engineering safety benefits are significant. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the monitoring method for bridge construction process according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this invention. The embodiments described in this application are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the spirit of this invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are all within the protection scope of this invention.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention proposes a monitoring method for bridge construction, comprising the following steps:

[0047] The bridge construction monitoring method of the present invention includes seven steps: pre-construction layout preparation, real-time data acquisition throughout the construction process, dynamic offset coupling calculation, dynamic correction of offset error, offset trend prediction, risk classification and early warning, and real-time construction control. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0048] Step 1: Before the construction of bridge piers and abutments, complete the deployment of integrated monitoring hardware and parameter initialization;

[0049] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, high-precision GNSS positioning monitoring points, fiber optic strain sensors, temperature sensors, and settlement monitoring sensors are first deployed at four key monitoring sections: the foundation abutment, the bottom of the pier, the middle of the pier, and the top of the pier. The locations of all monitoring points avoid areas of concentrated construction stress and areas obstructed by formwork to ensure the authenticity and stability of data acquisition. Secondly, a local coordinate system for bridge construction is established, with the bridge design axis as the reference axis, and the initial three-dimensional coordinates, initial strain values, initial temperature values, and initial foundation settlement values ​​of each monitoring point are calibrated as reference parameters for subsequent offset calculations. Finally, the monitoring equipment is debugged, and the data acquisition frequency is set to 1 time / minute, covering the entire construction cycle from pier reinforcement binding, formwork installation, concrete pouring, vibration, formwork removal, curing to consolidation.

[0050] Step 2: Throughout the entire pier construction process, collect five major categories of core monitoring data continuously;

[0051] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, in step 2, the five categories of core monitoring data include: real-time horizontal X-axis and Y-axis coordinate data and vertical Z-axis settlement data for each monitoring section; real-time temperature of the pier concrete, ambient air temperature, and ambient humidity data; real-time deformation rate of the formwork panel; construction dynamic load data such as construction equipment load and temporary surcharge; real-time micro-settlement data of the foundation; all collected data are transmitted in real-time to the background monitoring terminal to form a standardized monitoring dataset, providing data support for subsequent quantitative calculations.

[0052] Step 3: Based on the collected core monitoring data, the dynamic total offset calculation formula of the pier is used to quantify the real-time comprehensive dynamic offset of the pier monitoring section, decompose the offset components corresponding to each cause, and realize the accurate source tracing of the offset problem.

[0053] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, in step 3,

[0054] ;

[0055] In the formula, This refers to the real-time comprehensive dynamic offset of the monitoring section of the pier; This is the set temperature deformation correction factor; The offset component of the pier induced by temperature change; The set foundation settlement correction factor; This represents the offset component induced by uneven settlement of the foundation. This is the set template deformation correction factor; The offset component induced by the deformation of the template support; This is the set correction factor for the heat of hydration of concrete; The offset component induced by the heat of hydration deformation of concrete; The set correction factor for construction load disturbance; The offset component induced by construction load; This represents the inherent deviation value of the system at the initial stage of construction.

[0056] It should be noted that the formula for the real-time comprehensive dynamic offset of the pier monitoring section adopts a multi-factor linear coupling and system deviation deduction model, which closely matches the mechanical characteristics of the multi-factor coupling effect of pier construction offset, and overcomes the shortcomings of existing single-factor calculation and static calculation. At the parameter level, the five correction coefficients correspond to the influence weights of different factors, solving the problem that traditional formulas cannot distinguish the contribution values ​​of each factor; deducting the initial system deviation eliminates the inherent errors caused by equipment installation and coordinate system calibration, greatly improving the calculation accuracy.

[0057] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of the formula for the real-time comprehensive dynamic offset of the pier monitoring section are that it realizes the synchronous quantification and precise decomposition of offset components with multiple causes, and can accurately locate the core cause of the offset; it introduces a dynamic correction coefficient to adapt to the deformation characteristics of different construction stages and solves the problem of poor adaptability of static formulas; and it eliminates inherent monitoring errors and improves calculation accuracy through system deviation deduction.

[0058] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, to achieve accurate quantization of each offset component, the present invention simultaneously creates calculation formulas for each sub-item offset, as follows:

[0059] ;

[0060] In the formula, is the coefficient of linear expansion of concrete; This represents the real-time temperature difference between the pier concrete and the environment. To monitor the height of the cross-section from the pier foundation; This is the conversion factor for the offset of temperature-induced stress;

[0061] ;

[0062] In the formula, The real-time settlement difference at multiple points of the foundation; The equivalent length of the horizontal cantilever of the pier monitoring section; This refers to the total design height of the pier.

[0063] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, In the formula, This represents the real-time deformation rate of the template panel. The stress transfer coefficient for template deformation;

[0064] ;

[0065] In the formula, This is the conversion factor for concrete hydration deformation; This refers to the coefficient of linear expansion of concrete. To monitor the characteristic length of the cross-section; This refers to the hydration temperature difference inside the concrete.

[0066] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, In the formula: The equivalent load for real-time construction; The elastic modulus of the pier concrete; Let be the moment of inertia of the pier section; This represents the dynamic disturbance coefficient of the construction load.

[0067] It should be noted that the formula for the offset component induced by temperature change is based on the mechanical principle of thermal expansion and contraction of concrete. It combines three-dimensional parameters of temperature difference, pier height, and material properties to quantify the offset value. The parameter logic is progressive and conforms to the mechanical law of thermal deformation. The formula for the offset component induced by foundation settlement is based on the principle of rigid body tilting deformation. Uneven settlement difference of the foundation will cause the pier to tilt as a whole. The offset is directly proportional to the settlement difference and the monitoring height, and inversely proportional to the total pier height. The mechanical logic fits the tilting deformation law of the vertical components of the pier, which solves the gap of traditional technology that only monitors settlement but cannot quantify the offset induced by settlement, and realizes the accurate conversion calculation of foundation deformation to pier offset. The formula for the offset component induced by formwork deformation combines the displacement transmission characteristics of formwork support deformation. The formwork deformation increases with the pier height. The stress loss of the support structure is corrected by the deformation transmission coefficient. The parameter combination accurately simulates the conversion process of formwork deformation to pier solid offset, and specifically solves the problems of formwork construction. The phased offset monitoring blind spot fills the gap in existing technology's inability to quantify formwork deformation offset; the concrete hydration heat offset component formula is based on the temporal deformation characteristics of concrete hydration heat, combined with multiple parameters such as hydration heat release, temperature difference, and curing time, to quantify the hydration deformation offset at different curing stages, conforming to the temporal deformation law of concrete solidification and forming, overcoming the shortcoming of existing technology that ignores the temporal deformation of hydration heat, and achieving accurate calculation of dynamic offset during the curing stage; the construction load induced offset component formula is based on the optimized deflection calculation formula of cantilever components in mechanics of materials, combined with the elastic modulus of concrete and the moment of inertia of the section to reflect the stiffness characteristics of the pier structure, and combined with the dynamic disturbance coefficient to correct the instantaneous impact effect of construction load, conforming to the mechanical principle of deflection offset caused by lateral and vertical loads on vertical piers, optimizing the traditional static load calculation mode, introducing the dynamic disturbance coefficient, adapting to the instantaneous change characteristics of construction load, and the calculation results are more in line with the actual construction site.

[0068] Step 4: To eliminate calculation deviations caused by differences in construction stages, environmental interference, and equipment monitoring errors, this invention creates a dynamic error correction formula for the construction stage, which performs a second precise correction on the initially calculated real-time comprehensive dynamic offset to obtain the final true offset.

[0069] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, in step 4, the dynamic error correction formula for the construction stage is:

[0070] ;

[0071] In the formula, This represents the final, actual dynamic offset of the pier. The correction factor for the set construction stage can be determined according to the specific requirements of different stages such as rebar binding, pouring, curing, and consolidation, and its value range is 0.85~1.15. This is the environmental disturbance correction factor, which can be selected according to the specific requirements of the fluctuation intensity of wind force, humidity, and temperature, and its value range is 0.90~1.10; This refers to the error value monitored by the equipment in real time.

[0072] It should be noted that the dynamic error correction formula is designed for dynamic interference factors throughout the entire construction process. The correction coefficient for the construction stage adapts to the deformation differences of different construction procedures, the environmental correction coefficient offsets the interference of wind, temperature and humidity environment, and the equipment error deduction eliminates hardware monitoring deviation. It comprehensively covers all sources of error in construction monitoring. Its advantage lies in realizing the dynamic and accurate correction of monitoring data, solving the problem of insufficient accuracy of traditional static calculation models in complex construction scenarios, and has extremely strong adaptability and robustness.

[0073] Step 5: Based on the continuously collected real offset data, construct an offset trend prediction model, that is, create offset rate and offset acceleration calculation formulas to predict the development trend of pier offset and identify potential risks of exceeding standards in advance.

[0074] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the formulas for calculating the offset rate and offset acceleration in step 5 are as follows:

[0075] ;

[0076] ;

[0077] In the formula, The real-time offset rate of the pier; This represents the actual dynamic offset for the current period. This represents the actual dynamic offset from the previous monitoring period; For the duration of the monitoring cycle; Real-time acceleration for pier offset; The offset real-time rate for the current period; This is the real-time rate of the offset from the previous cycle.

[0078] It should be noted that the offset rate and acceleration formulas are based on the differential principle of time-series data. By calculating the deformation change rate and acceleration through the difference of continuous period offset, the dynamic development trend of the pier offset is accurately reflected. This conforms to the kinematic law of object deformation and overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies that can only monitor statically and cannot predict trends. It enables early prediction of offset risks and transforms post-event rectification into pre-event prevention.

[0079] Step 6: In accordance with the bridge construction quality acceptance specifications, and based on the three major indicators of the final actual dynamic offset, the real-time offset rate, and the real-time offset acceleration, establish a four-level offset risk early warning system to achieve precise hierarchical control.

[0080] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, in step 6, the first-level normal state is: ≤3mm, and ≤0.05mm / min ≤0.01mm / min², no risk of displacement, maintain normal construction;

[0081] Level 2 minor risk is 3mm < If the deviation is ≤6mm, or the real-time rate or real-time acceleration of the deviation exceeds the standard, an early warning will be issued, the monitoring frequency will be increased, and the cause of minor disturbances will be investigated.

[0082] Level 3 moderate risk is 6mm < If the deviation is ≤10mm, or the rate of deviation continues to increase, a medium-level warning will be issued, local construction will be suspended, and targeted correction and control measures will be implemented.

[0083] Level 4 severe risk If the deviation is greater than 10mm, or the offset acceleration continues to surge, a high-level warning will be issued, construction will be completely halted, major causes will be investigated and rectified.

[0084] Step 7: Implement corresponding precise controls based on different levels of offset risk and the offset causes identified through tracing.

[0085] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, in step 7, temperature-induced deviations are addressed by adjusting the curing temperature and adding thermal insulation measures; deviations induced by foundation settlement are addressed by grouting and reinforcing the foundation and adjusting the distribution of construction loads; deviations induced by formwork deformation are addressed by reinforcing the formwork support and adjusting the tension of the tie bolts; deviations induced by hydration heat are addressed by optimizing the concrete mix ratio and adopting layered cooling curing; and deviations induced by construction loads are addressed by standardizing the operation of construction equipment and clearing temporary loads, thereby achieving real-time root cause treatment of deviation problems and ensuring the construction accuracy of piers and abutments.

[0086] This invention constructs an integrated monitoring system encompassing full-process dynamic monitoring, multi-factor coupled quantitative calculation, dynamic error correction, trend prediction, and hierarchical control. It abandons the traditional phased, static, and post-event monitoring model, achieving proactive, full-cycle, multi-dimensional quality monitoring of bridge pier construction from commencement to completion. This effectively avoids the technical shortcomings of existing technologies, such as lagging monitoring and passive control. The multi-factor coupled offset quantification formula and sub-item calculation model achieve, for the first time, precise decomposition and quantification of five major offset factors: temperature, foundation, formwork, hydration heat, and construction load. This solves the problem of traditional technologies being unable to distinguish offset factors and quantify their impact weights, significantly improving the accuracy of offset tracing. It also pioneers a dual-dimensional dynamic error correction mechanism for the construction stage and environment, adapting to the monitoring needs of different construction procedures and environmental scenarios, eliminating the adaptability limitations of traditional static calculation models, and significantly improving the monitoring accuracy of complex construction sites. Furthermore, it creates a dual-index trend prediction model for offset rate and acceleration, combined with a four-level hierarchical early warning system, enabling early identification and precise classification of offset risks, providing accurate basis for construction control, and achieving proactive prevention and control of quality defects.

[0087] This invention, based on the mechanics of bridge pier construction deformation, environmental coupled disturbance theory, and dynamic error correction mechanism, abandons the traditional static fixed-point monitoring mode. Its key technical logic includes real-time data acquisition throughout the entire process, multi-parameter coupled calculation, dynamic error correction, trend prediction, and tiered early warning and control. It comprehensively considers five major offset inducing factors: foundation settlement, formwork deformation, concrete hydration heat, environmental temperature change, and construction load. Through quantitative formulas, it achieves precise decomposition of the offset components of each inducing factor and accurate calculation of the total offset. Simultaneously, it sets dynamic correction coefficients based on the characteristics of each construction stage, eliminating the accuracy deviations caused by static calculations and single-parameter calculations in traditional monitoring. This enables real-time and accurate judgment of pier offset status, preventing and controlling pier offset quality defects throughout the entire process of monitoring, prediction, and control.

[0088] It should be recognized that embodiments of the present invention may be implemented or carried out by computer hardware, a combination of hardware and software, or by computer instructions stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

[0089] The method can be implemented using standard programming techniques, including a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium configured with a computer program in the computer program, wherein the storage medium is configured such that the computer operates in a specific and predefined manner.

[0090] Each program can be implemented in a high-level procedural or object-oriented programming language to communicate with the computer system; however, if required, the program can be implemented in assembly or machine language.

[0091] In any case, the language can be either compiled or interpreted.

[0092] Furthermore, for this purpose, the program can run on programmed application-specific integrated circuits.

[0093] The processes described herein (or variations and / or combinations thereof) can be executed under the control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions, and can be implemented by hardware or a combination thereof as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications) that commonly executes on one or more processors. The computer program includes a plurality of instructions executable by one or more processors.

[0094] Furthermore, the method can be implemented in any suitable computing platform, including but not limited to personal computers, minicomputers, mainframes, workstations, networked or distributed computing environments, standalone or integrated computer platforms, or in communication with charged particle tools or other imaging devices.

[0095] Various aspects of the present invention can be implemented in machine-readable code stored on a non-transitory storage medium or device, whether portable or integrated into a computing platform, such as a hard disk, optical read and / or write storage medium, RAM, ROM, etc., such that it can be read by a programmable computer, and when the storage medium or device is read by the computer, it can be used to configure and operate the computer to perform the processes described herein.

[0096] Furthermore, machine-readable code, or parts thereof, can be transmitted via wired or wireless networks.

[0097] When such media includes instructions or programs that combine with a microprocessor or other data processor to implement the steps described above, the invention described herein includes these and other different types of non-transitory computer-readable storage media.

[0098] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring method for bridge construction, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Before the construction of bridge piers and abutments, complete the deployment of integrated monitoring hardware and parameter initialization; Step 2: Throughout the entire pier construction process, continuously collect five categories of core monitoring data; Step 3: Based on the collected core monitoring data, the dynamic total offset calculation formula of the pier is used to quantify the real-time comprehensive dynamic offset of the pier monitoring section and decompose the offset components corresponding to each cause. Step 4: Create a dynamic error correction formula for the construction phase, and perform a second precise correction on the initially calculated real-time comprehensive dynamic offset to obtain the final true offset. Step 5: Based on the continuously collected real offset data, establish formulas for calculating offset rate and offset acceleration to predict the development trend of pier offset. Step 6: Based on the bridge construction quality acceptance specifications, and using the three major indicators of the final actual dynamic offset, real-time offset rate, and real-time offset acceleration, establish a four-level offset risk early warning system. Step 7: Implement corresponding precise controls based on different levels of offset risk and the offset causes identified through tracing.

2. The monitoring method for bridge construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, high-precision GNSS positioning monitoring points, fiber optic strain sensors, temperature sensors, and settlement monitoring sensors are first deployed at four key monitoring sections: the foundation abutment, the bottom of the pier, the middle of the pier, and the top of the pier. Then, a local coordinate system for bridge construction is established, with the bridge design axis as the reference axis, and the initial three-dimensional coordinates, initial strain values, initial temperature values, and initial settlement values ​​of each monitoring point are calibrated.

3. The monitoring method for bridge construction process according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 2, the five categories of core monitoring data include: real-time horizontal X-axis and Y-axis coordinate data and vertical Z-axis settlement data for each monitoring section; real-time temperature of the pier concrete, ambient air temperature and humidity data; real-time deformation rate of the formwork panel; construction equipment load and temporary surcharge construction dynamic load data; real-time micro-settlement data of the foundation; and all collected data are transmitted to the background monitoring terminal in real time.

4. The monitoring method for bridge construction process according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 3, ； In the formula, This refers to the real-time comprehensive dynamic offset of the monitoring section of the pier; This is the set temperature deformation correction factor; The offset component of the pier induced by temperature change; The set foundation settlement correction factor; This represents the offset component induced by uneven settlement of the foundation. This is the set template deformation correction factor; The offset component induced by the deformation of the template support; This is the set correction factor for the heat of hydration of concrete; The offset component induced by the heat of hydration deformation of concrete; The set correction factor for construction load disturbance; The offset component induced by construction load; This represents the inherent deviation value of the system at the initial stage of construction. In step 3, ; In the formula, is the coefficient of linear expansion of concrete; This represents the real-time temperature difference between the pier concrete and the environment. To monitor the height of the cross-section from the pier foundation; This is the conversion factor for the offset of temperature-induced stress; ； In the formula, The real-time settlement difference at multiple points of the foundation; The equivalent length of the horizontal cantilever of the pier monitoring section; This refers to the total design height of the pier.

5. The monitoring method for bridge construction process according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 3, In the formula, This represents the real-time deformation rate of the template panel. The stress transfer coefficient for template deformation; ； In the formula, This is the conversion factor for concrete hydration deformation; This refers to the coefficient of linear expansion of concrete. To monitor the characteristic length of the cross-section; This refers to the hydration temperature difference inside the concrete.

6. The monitoring method for bridge construction process according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 3, In the formula: The equivalent load for real-time construction; The elastic modulus of the pier concrete; Let be the moment of inertia of the pier section; This represents the dynamic disturbance coefficient of the construction load.

7. The monitoring method for bridge construction process according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 4, the dynamic error correction formula for the construction phase is: ； In the formula, This represents the final, actual dynamic offset of the pier. Correction factors for the set construction stage; This is a correction factor for environmental interference. This refers to the error value monitored by the equipment in real time.

8. The monitoring method for bridge construction process according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step 5, the formulas for calculating the offset rate and offset acceleration are as follows: ； ； In the formula, The real-time offset rate of the pier; This represents the actual dynamic offset for the current period. This represents the actual dynamic offset from the previous monitoring period; For the duration of the monitoring cycle; Real-time acceleration for pier offset; The offset real-time rate for the current period; This is the real-time rate of the offset from the previous cycle.

9. The monitoring method for bridge construction process according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step 6, the first-level normal state is: ≤3mm, and ≤0.05mm / min ≤0.01mm / min², no risk of displacement, maintain normal construction; Level 2 minor risk is 3mm < If the deviation is ≤6mm, or the real-time rate or real-time acceleration of the deviation exceeds the standard, an early warning will be issued, and the monitoring frequency will be increased. Level 3 moderate risk is 6mm < If the deviation is ≤10mm, or the rate of deviation continues to increase, a medium-level warning will be issued, and local construction will be suspended. Level 4 severe risk If the deviation is greater than 10mm, or if the offset acceleration continues to surge, a high-level warning will be issued, and construction will be completely halted.

10. The monitoring method for bridge construction process according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step 7, for temperature-induced deviations, the curing temperature is adjusted and thermal insulation measures are added; for deviations induced by foundation settlement, the foundation is reinforced by grouting and the construction load distribution is adjusted; for deviations induced by formwork deformation, the formwork support is reinforced and the tension of the tie bolts is adjusted; for deviations induced by hydration heat, the concrete mix ratio is optimized and layered cooling curing is adopted; for deviations induced by construction loads, the operation of construction equipment is standardized and temporary loads are cleared.

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