Method and system for predicting blast vibration wave path of deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel

Abstract

The application provides a deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting vibration wave path prediction method and system, relates to the technical field of blasting vibration path prediction, and comprises the following steps: determining whether diffraction phenomenon occurs according to the size of the blasting disturbance wave and the empty area of the tunnel; determining the diffraction path of the blasting disturbance wave bypassing the empty area based on the minimum energy loss of the blasting disturbance wave; based on the digital modeling of the disturbance wave diffraction, the surrounding rock area, the already-excavated empty area of the tunnel and the blasting source, discretizing the tunnel wall and the vault to obtain a discrete digital model; converting the three-dimensional space relationship into a two-dimensional line segment according to the orthographic projection, and judging whether the line connecting the blasting source and the sensor position crosses the empty area through the dot product operation; when the empty area is crossed, the shortest diffraction path bypassing the empty area is searched in the discrete digital model as a constraint condition of the minimum energy loss and the shortest bypass path to perform vibration wave path prediction. The application solves the problem that the deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting vibration response prediction deviates significantly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blasting vibration path prediction technology, and more specifically, to a method and system for predicting blasting vibration wave paths in deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] In existing deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting vibration path prediction technologies, the vibration waves generated by blasting propagate along the surrounding rock medium in the form of body waves, dynamically affecting adjacent excavated tunnels and surrounding rock structures. Current blasting vibration prediction generally assumes that the vibration waves propagate along a straight path between the blast source and the monitoring point, and calculates the vibration velocity, peak value, and propagation law based on this assumption. However, in complex tunnel engineering scenarios such as parallel tunnels and close-range intersections, the straight path often crosses the voids formed by the excavation of adjacent tunnels. Vibration waves are difficult to penetrate the interface of discontinuous media such as voids and can only diffract along the edge of the void. Therefore, the prediction model based on the straight path assumption cannot restore the real propagation path of the vibration waves diffracting around the void, resulting in significant deviations in the prediction of blasting vibration response in deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnels.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method and system for predicting the vibration wave path of deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting, which solves the problem of significant deviations in the prediction of vibration response of deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for predicting the path of vibration waves from deep-buried tunnel blasting using the drill-and-blast method, thereby improving the aforementioned problems. To achieve the above objective, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a method for predicting the path of vibration waves during deep-buried tunnel blasting using the drill-and-blast method, including:

[0006] Determine whether diffraction occurs based on the size of the void area in the tunnel caused by the blasting disturbance wave.

[0007] When diffraction occurs, the diffraction path of the blasting disturbance wave that propagates around the empty area is determined based on the propagation law of the blasting disturbance wave with the minimum energy loss and the shortest propagation path, and the diffraction result of the disturbance wave is obtained.

[0008] Based on the diffraction results of the disturbance wave, digital modeling is performed on the surrounding rock area, the excavated void area of ​​the tunnel, and the blasting source. The tunnel wall and arch are discretized to obtain a discrete digital model.

[0009] The three-dimensional spatial relationship is transformed into two-dimensional line segments based on orthographic projection. The dot product operation is used to determine whether the line connecting the blast source to the sensor position crosses the empty area, and the crossing judgment result is obtained.

[0010] When the crossing judgment result is crossing the empty area, the shortest diffraction path around the empty area is searched in the discrete digital model with the constraints of minimum energy loss and shortest bypass path.

[0011] Predict the path of blasting vibration waves based on the shortest diffraction path.

[0012] Secondly, this application also provides a vibration wave path prediction system for deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting, including:

[0013] The diffraction judgment module is used to determine whether diffraction occurs based on the size of the void between the blasting disturbance wave and the tunnel.

[0014] The diffraction path module is used to determine the diffraction path of the blasting disturbance wave to propagate around the empty area based on the propagation law of the blasting disturbance wave with the minimum energy loss and the shortest propagation path when diffraction phenomenon exists, and to obtain the diffraction result of the disturbance wave.

[0015] The discrete module is used to digitally model the surrounding rock area, the excavated void area of ​​the tunnel, and the blasting source based on the diffraction results of the disturbance wave, and to discretize the tunnel wall and the arch to obtain a discrete digital model.

[0016] The crossing judgment module is used to convert the three-dimensional spatial relationship into two-dimensional line segments based on the orthographic parallel projection, and to determine whether the line connecting the blast source to the sensor position crosses the empty area through dot product operation, so as to obtain the crossing judgment result.

[0017] The search module is used to search for the shortest diffraction path around the empty area in the discrete digital model when the crossing judgment result is crossing the empty area, with the constraints of the lowest energy loss and the shortest bypass path.

[0018] The prediction module is used to predict the path of the blast vibration wave based on the shortest diffraction path.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0020] This invention digitally models the surrounding rock area, the excavated void in the tunnel, and the blasting source using diffraction paths. It also discretizes the tunnel walls and arch, transforming the traditional physical space into a computable discrete digital model. Based on this, it converts the three-dimensional spatial relationships into two-dimensional line segments using orthogonal projection and uses dot product operations to determine whether the line connecting the blasting source to the sensor location crosses the void, thus clarifying the existence of diffraction. When the determination result indicates crossing the void, it searches for the shortest diffraction path around the void in the discrete digital model, using the propagation law of minimum energy loss and shortest propagation path as constraints. This ensures the predicted path closely matches the actual propagation process of the wave, thereby improving the accuracy of predicting the arrival time, waveform, and energy distribution of blasting vibrations in tunnel engineering. While ensuring the path conforms to the wave propagation law, it avoids the high computational cost of exhaustive searches, achieving a balance between accuracy and efficiency. In summary, this invention solves the problem of significant deviations in the prediction of blasting vibration response in deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnels.

[0021] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing embodiments of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the path prediction method for vibration wave diffraction in deep-buried tunnel blasting as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the straight path through the empty area of ​​the adjacent tunnel between the blasting disturbance source of the excavated tunnel and the vibration sensor of the adjacent tunnel in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the straight-line propagation between the blasting source of the excavated tunnel and the vibration sensor of the adjacent tunnel in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the diffraction of blasting disturbance waves when they encounter obstacles or discontinuous geological bodies in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram illustrating the path between the blasting wave in the excavated tunnel and the monitoring point in the adjacent tunnel, without crossing the excavated void area, in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the projection method used in this embodiment of the invention to determine whether a straight line segment between two points crosses an empty area;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the path prediction device for vibration wave diffraction in deep-buried tunnel blasting as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] The diagram is labeled as follows: 800, path prediction device for vibration wave diffraction in deep-buried tunnel drilling and blasting method; 801, processor; 802, memory; 803, multimedia component; 804, I / O interface; 805, communication component. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] In existing deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel construction, the vibration path prediction for blasting is crucial in engineering scenarios where deep-buried parallel or closely intersecting tunnels are excavated using the drill-and-blast method. The vibration waves generated by the blast propagate as body waves within the surrounding rock. When the straight-line propagation path of the monitoring sensors on the back blast side of the blast source and adjacent tunnels passes through the excavated tunnel void, significant diffraction occurs along the edge of the void because the vibration waves cannot penetrate this discontinuous medium interface. Existing blasting vibration prediction technologies generally use the assumption of straight-line propagation for path calculation, failing to reconstruct the true propagation path of the vibration waves diffracting around the void. This leads to significant deviations in the prediction of blasting vibration response in deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnels.

[0034] Example 1:

[0035] This embodiment provides a method for predicting the vibration wave path of deep-buried tunnel blasting using the drill-and-blast method.

[0036] See Figure 1 The figure shows that the method includes steps S1 to S6, including:

[0037] S1: Determine whether diffraction occurs based on the size of the void area in the tunnel and the blast disturbance wave.

[0038] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the straight-line path between the blasting disturbance source in the excavated tunnel and the vibration sensor in the adjacent tunnel may pass through the excavated void of the adjacent tunnel. In the rock mass, the first arriving wave received by the sensor is usually a body wave. When the straight-line propagation path between the blasting disturbance source and the vibration sensor passes through the excavated void of the tunnel, the actual propagation path deviates from the ideal straight-line path. Predicting the blasting vibration response based on a straight-line path will lead to a decrease in prediction accuracy.

[0039] According to physical seismology, when blasting vibration waves encounter obstacles or discontinuous geological bodies while propagating through rock masses, their propagation direction changes, and they continue to propagate by diffraction. The significance of diffraction is related to the wavelength of the disturbed wave. and obstacle size Related to the relative proportion

[0040] To clarify the specific method for determining diffraction phenomena, step S1 includes S11 to S15, specifically:

[0041] S11: According to the wave equation, the wavelength of the blasting disturbance wave is calculated by using the main vibration frequency of the blasting disturbance wave;

[0042] In this step, calculations are performed based on the fundamental wave equation, and the P-wave velocity of the complete surrounding rock is obtained by combining the results of on-site acoustic wave tests. The main vibration frequency of the blast disturbance wave Substituting into the formula, we can obtain The wavelength of the blasting disturbance wave was obtained.

[0043] The wavelength of the blasting disturbance wave is:

[0044] ;

[0045] In the above formula, The P-wave velocity (m / s) of the intact surrounding rock of the tunnel. The dominant vibration frequency (Hz) of the blasting disturbance wave. The wavelength (m) of the blast disturbance wave.

[0046] S12: Based on the comparison between the wavelength of the blasting disturbance wave and the cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel excavation void, diffraction comparison results are obtained;

[0047] In this step, based on the statistical data of cross-sections of tunnel structures worldwide, the diameter distribution range of the cross-section of the tunnel excavation void is found to be 2m to 14m. The wavelength of the blasting disturbance wave, 16.6m, is compared with the cross-sectional size range of the tunnel excavation void to form a comparison result of the relationship between wavelength and void size.

[0048] S13: When the diffraction comparison result shows that the wavelength of the blasting disturbance wave is not less than the cross-sectional size, it is determined that the disturbance wave undergoes significant diffraction during propagation.

[0049] In this step, when the wavelength of the blasting disturbance wave in the diffraction comparison result is 16.6m, which is greater than the maximum cross-sectional size of the tunnel (14m), and meets the condition that the wavelength is not less than the cross-sectional size of the empty area, according to the diffraction law of physical seismology, it is determined that the blasting disturbance wave undergoes significant diffraction when it passes through the excavated empty area of ​​the tunnel, and the disturbance wave can easily diffract to the back blast side area of ​​the empty area.

[0050] S14: When the diffraction comparison result shows that the wavelength of the blasting disturbance wave is smaller than the cross-sectional size, it is determined that the disturbance wave still has a weak diffraction effect at the edge of the tunnel void.

[0051] In this step, when the diffraction comparison result shows that the wavelength of the disturbance wave is smaller than the cross-sectional size of the tunnel void, although the overall diffraction intensity is reduced, according to the basic laws of wave propagation, local weak diffraction will still occur at the edge of the void, and there is no propagation state without diffraction.

[0052] S15: Based on the determination results of the significant diffraction and the weak diffraction effect, it is concluded that the blasting disturbance wave as a whole exhibits diffraction propagation behavior.

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, based on the determination results of the significant diffraction and the weak diffraction effect, when the blasting disturbance wave encounters an obstacle or discontinuous geological body, diffraction occurs. Regardless of whether it is significant diffraction or weak diffraction, it indicates that the blasting disturbance wave does not propagate in a straight line when passing through the excavated void of the tunnel. The propagation path is deflected and diffracted, and the assumption of straight-line propagation is no longer applicable. Therefore, it is necessary to use the diffraction path (instead of the straight path) to carry out vibration prediction.

[0054] S2: When diffraction exists, the diffraction path of the blasting disturbance wave that propagates around the empty area is determined based on the propagation law of the blasting disturbance wave with the minimum energy loss and the shortest propagation path, and the diffraction result of the disturbance wave is obtained.

[0055] To clarify the specific methods for obtaining the diffraction results of the perturbation wave, the following are included:

[0056] Based on the principle of minimizing energy loss along the propagation path of the blasting disturbance wave, the particles on the propagation path are equivalent to secondary spherical wave sources. Combined with the constraint of the shortest bypass path, the shortest path between the blasting source and the monitoring particle that does not cross the tunnel excavation area is taken as the actual propagation path of the blasting disturbance wave, and the diffraction results of the disturbance wave are obtained.

[0057] like Figure 5 As shown, based on the principle of minimizing energy loss, each particle on the propagation path of the blasting disturbance wave in the surrounding rock is equivalent to a secondary spherical wave source. Each of these secondary wave sources continuously radiates outward from the blasting source. The total vibration response at the monitoring particle is formed by the superposition of all secondary waves at that particle. When the blasting wave encounters an excavated tunnel void, it cannot penetrate the void along the original straight path and will continue to propagate forward along the edge of the tunnel void by diffraction. At the same time, combined with the propagation law of the shortest propagation path, the blasting disturbance wave spontaneously follows the propagation characteristics of minimum energy loss and shortest propagation distance during the reflection, refraction, and diffraction propagation process in the surrounding rock. Under ideal propagation conditions, the actual propagation path length of the disturbance wave is greater than or equal to the shortest path length between the blasting source and the monitoring particle that does not cross the tunnel excavation void, and the shortest path length is greater than or equal to the straight-line distance between the blasting source and the monitoring particle. Therefore, abandoning the traditional assumption of straight-line propagation between two points, the shortest detour path between the blasting source and the monitoring point that does not cross the tunnel excavation void is selected as the real diffraction propagation path of the blasting disturbance wave across the void. This path is used to characterize the actual propagation direction, path length and vibration superposition characteristics of the blasting vibration wave under the blockage of the void, and to obtain the disturbance wave diffraction results that conform to the actual propagation law of deep-buried drill-blast tunnel engineering.

[0058] S3: Based on the diffraction results of the disturbance wave, digital modeling is performed on the surrounding rock area, the excavated void area of ​​the tunnel, and the blasting source, and the tunnel wall and arch are discretized to obtain a discrete digital model.

[0059] To clarify the specific method for obtaining the discrete digital model, step S3 includes S31 to S33, specifically:

[0060] S31: Based on the diffraction results of the disturbance wave, a three-dimensional digital model is constructed of the surrounding rock area, the excavated tunnel area, and the blasting source to obtain a three-dimensional digital model;

[0061] In this step, based on the propagation characteristics of the blasting disturbance wave in the deep-buried drill-and-blast method tunnel encountering the excavated void in the diffraction results, a three-dimensional digital model is constructed using the blasting source and the monitoring sensor as the core, for the surrounding rock area, the excavated void in the tunnel, and the blasting source. The overall size of the three-dimensional digital model is set to 8D×8D×6D (length×width×height), which fully covers multiple elements under the surrounding rock, the excavated void, the blasting source, and the monitoring mass point, to ensure that the path search calculation range is sufficient and consistent with the actual engineering situation.

[0062] S32: Based on the tunnel excavation diameter, an extra computational area is added outside the outermost area of ​​the sensor location and the blasting source to form an extra boundary computational domain.

[0063] In this step, based on the actual situation of tunnel drilling and blasting excavation construction scenario and random arrangement of monitoring points, with the tunnel excavation diameter D as the benchmark, a 2D wide surplus calculation area is added to the outermost area formed by the blasting source and the monitoring sensor to construct a closed and sufficient surplus boundary calculation domain. This is used to avoid the failure of diffraction path search due to insufficient calculation range, and at the same time, it adapts to the needs of different monitoring point arrangements.

[0064] S33: Based on the three-dimensional digital model and the redundant boundary calculation domain, the tunnel walls and arch are discretized into a grid to generate a discrete digital model.

[0065] In this step, based on the three-dimensional digital model and the redundant boundary computational domain, only the sidewalls and arch of the tunnel wall are meshed and discretized. First, the horseshoe-shaped tunnel cross-section is approximated as a circle in the XZ plane, with the diameter taken as the tunnel excavation span. Then, nodes are evenly arranged along the perimeter of the cross-section according to the spacing between adjacent discrete nodes to obtain the number of nodes in the planar cross-section. Then, longitudinal nodes are arranged at the same spacing along the tunnel longitudinal direction (Y-axis) within the tunnel segment to be analyzed. Then, the number of longitudinal nodes in the planar cross-section is arranged at the same spacing along the tunnel longitudinal direction (Y-axis) within the tunnel segment to be analyzed. The number of nodes in the planar cross-section and the number of nodes in the planar longitudinal direction are combined to generate three-dimensional spatial nodes, obtaining the total number of discrete nodes, so that the total number of discrete nodes is maintained at the order of several thousand. The discretization method satisfies the requirement of accurate search for node density of the blasting disturbance wave diffraction path, and also ensures the solution efficiency of the shortest path search algorithm, finally generating a discrete digital model adapted to automatic shortest path search.

[0066] The number of nodes in the planar section is:

[0067] ;

[0068] In the above formula, This represents the number of nodes in the planar section. Pi The diameter of the tunnel excavation. The distance between adjacent discrete nodes;

[0069] The number of vertical nodes in the plane is:

[0070] ;

[0071] In the above formula, This represents the number of nodes in the longitudinal direction of the plane. The diameter of the tunnel excavation. The distance between adjacent discrete nodes;

[0072] The expression for the total number of discrete nodes is:

[0073] ;

[0074] In the above formula, The total number of discrete nodes. This represents the number of nodes in the planar section. This represents the number of nodes in the longitudinal direction of the plane.

[0075] The monitoring distance and the horizontal distance to the blasting disturbance source are kept within 8D. The tunnel cross-section diameter is 8.6m. Therefore, the total number of model nodes is... for:

[0076] ;

[0077] ;

[0078] In the above formula, The total number of discrete nodes. Pi The diameter of the tunnel excavation. The distance between adjacent discrete nodes. This is a commonly used logarithmic value for the total number of discrete nodes. This is a commonly used logarithm.

[0079] S4: Based on the orthographic projection, the three-dimensional spatial relationship is transformed into two-dimensional line segments. The dot product operation is used to determine whether the line connecting the blast source to the sensor position crosses the empty area, and the crossing judgment result is obtained.

[0080] To clarify the specific method for obtaining the crossing judgment result, step S4 includes S41 to S44, specifically:

[0081] S41: Based on the aforementioned parallel projection, the spatial straight line segment between the blasting source and the sensor position is projected along the tunnel axis direction onto the vertical cross section of the tunnel, and transformed into a two-dimensional projection line segment.

[0082] In this step, based on the principle of orthogonal projection and the geometric invariance of projection geometry, the three-dimensional linear propagation path between the blasting source and the monitoring sensor is projected along the tunnel axis onto a cross-section perpendicular to the tunnel's orientation, transforming it into a two-dimensional projection line segment. This simplifies the complex three-dimensional penetration problem into a two-dimensional planar geometric problem, ensuring that the intersection, tangency, and separation relationships between the projected line segment and the contour remain consistent with the original space.

[0083] S42: Based on the two-dimensional projection line segments, the outline of the excavated void area of ​​the tunnel is transformed to obtain a two-dimensional closed shape;

[0084] In this step, based on the two-dimensional projection line segment, the three-dimensional spatial outline of the excavated void area of ​​the tunnel is projected onto the same vertical cross section to form a two-dimensional closed outline graphic composed of multiple line segments connected end to end. The two-dimensional closed outline graphic serves as the two-dimensional geometric boundary for determining whether a spatial straight line segment crosses the void area.

[0085] S43: Based on the cross product of vectors and the dot product, determine the positional relationship between the coplanar line segments of the two-dimensional projection line segment and the two-dimensional closed figure, and obtain the positional relationship determination result;

[0086] like Figure 6 As shown, based on the mathematical vector analysis method, the positional relationship between the two-dimensional projected line segment and the coplanar line segment of the two-dimensional closed figure is determined by the vector cross product and dot product operations. This is used to distinguish various spatial geometric states such as ordinary intersection, special intersection, parallelism, and separation, and to obtain the positional relationship determination result. The positional relationship determination result includes three cases: intersection, tangency, and separation.

[0087] S44: Based on the positional relationship determination result, determine whether the spatial straight segment crosses the excavated area of ​​the tunnel, and obtain the crossing determination result.

[0088] In this step, according to the projection geometry invariance rule, if the positional relationship determination result is that the two-dimensional projection line segment and the closed contour line have two intersection points, it is determined that the spatial straight line segment crosses the excavated void. If there is only one intersection point, it is determined that they are tangent and do not cross. If there is no intersection point, it is determined that they are completely separated and do not cross. Finally, the result of whether the line connecting the blasting source to the sensor crosses the void is output.

[0089] S5: When the crossing judgment result is crossing the empty area, in the discrete digital model, with the constraints of the lowest energy loss and the shortest bypass path, search for the shortest diffraction path to bypass the empty area.

[0090] To clarify the specific method for obtaining the shortest diffraction path, step S5 includes S51 to S53, specifically:

[0091] S51: Calculate the estimated cost from the current node to the sensor target node in the discrete digital model based on the heuristic function, and combine it with the preset actual cost from the blasting source node to the current node to calculate the total cost estimate.

[0092] In this step, the three-dimensional spatial nodes in the discrete digital model are used as the calculation objects, and the three-dimensional Euclidean distance is used as the heuristic function to calculate the estimated cost from the current node to the sensor target node. At the same time, the actual propagation from the blast source to the current node is used as the actual cost. By calculating the estimated cost and the actual cost, the total cost estimate of the node is obtained.

[0093] The total cost is estimated as follows:

[0094] ;

[0095] In the above formula, For the total cost estimate, From the starting point to the current node The actual cost, To start from the current node The estimated cost to reach the target node.

[0096] S52: Construct a priority queue based on the total cost estimate and guide the search direction, and select the node with the smallest total cost estimate as the current optimal node;

[0097] In this step, a priority queue is constructed based on the total cost estimate as the sorting criterion. All nodes to be expanded are sorted in ascending order of the total cost estimate to guide the algorithm's search direction. During the search initialization phase, the starting point of the blasting source is included in the open list, and the actual cost of the starting point of the blasting source is assigned to 0. At the same time, the estimated cost from the starting point of the blasting source to the target node of the sensor is calculated. The node with the smallest total cost estimate is continuously selected from the open list as the current optimal node to ensure that the search process conforms to the propagation law of the shortest propagation path and is efficient.

[0098] S53: Based on the constraints of minimum energy loss and shortest detour path, search for the shortest diffraction path from the blast source node to the sensor target node around the empty area using the current optimal node, and obtain the shortest diffraction path.

[0099] To clarify the further processing method for the shortest diffraction path, step S53 includes S531 to S533, specifically:

[0100] S531: Based on the current optimal node, traverse the discrete nodes of adjacent tunnel walls and arches within the discrete digital model to obtain the cost evaluation results of adjacent nodes;

[0101] In this step, based on the current optimal node as the center, all adjacent discrete nodes of the tunnel wall and arch in the discrete digital model are traversed. The actual cost, heuristic cost and total cost of each adjacent node are calculated one by one. For adjacent nodes that already exist in the open list, the cost value corresponding to the optimal path is verified and updated. The comprehensive cost evaluation of all adjacent nodes is completed, and the cost evaluation results of adjacent nodes are obtained.

[0102] S532: Based on the cost evaluation results of the adjacent nodes, iteratively select the node with the smallest total cost estimate and expand the search range to screen the optimal propagation path;

[0103] In this step, the cost evaluation results of adjacent nodes are iteratively calculated to continuously select the node with the lowest total cost to expand the search range, eliminate high-cost invalid propagation paths, and simultaneously remove the current node that has completed traversal from the open list and add it to the closed list. For adjacent nodes that have not been added to the open list, they are uniformly entered into the open list and the current node is bound as its parent node, and the optimal propagation path is gradually selected.

[0104] S533: Based on the optimal propagation path, search for the parent node of the sensor target node that traces back to the starting point of the blast source, and generate the shortest diffraction path.

[0105] In this step, when the search matches the sensor target node, the node parent-child relationship of the optimal propagation path is used to trace back from the sensor target node to the starting point of the blasting source, and the node link is restored step by step to finally generate the blasting disturbance wave that bypasses the excavated void and conforms to the shortest complete diffraction path.

[0106] S6: Predict the path of the blasting vibration wave based on the shortest diffraction path.

[0107] In this step, the traditional straight-line propagation path is replaced by the shortest diffraction path, and the propagation path of the vibration wave in the deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel is accurately predicted by combining the rock mass wave velocity and blasting frequency parameters, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the blasting vibration response calculation.

[0108] Example 2:

[0109] This embodiment provides a vibration wave path prediction system for deep-buried tunnel blasting using the drill-and-blast method. The device includes:

[0110] The diffraction judgment module is used to determine whether diffraction occurs based on the size of the void between the blasting disturbance wave and the tunnel.

[0111] The diffraction path module is used to determine the diffraction path of the blasting disturbance wave to propagate around the empty area based on the propagation law of the blasting disturbance wave with the minimum energy loss and the shortest propagation path when diffraction phenomenon exists, and to obtain the diffraction result of the disturbance wave.

[0112] To clarify the specific method for obtaining the diffraction path module, the following are included:

[0113] The diffraction path unit is used to treat the particles on the propagation path as secondary spherical wave sources based on the minimum energy loss of the blasting disturbance wave. Combined with the constraint of the shortest bypass path, the shortest path between the blasting source and the monitoring particle that does not cross the tunnel excavation area is taken as the actual propagation path of the blasting disturbance wave, and the diffraction result of the disturbance wave is obtained.

[0114] The discrete module is used to digitally model the surrounding rock area, the excavated void area of ​​the tunnel, and the blasting source based on the diffraction results of the disturbance wave, and to discretize the tunnel wall and the arch to obtain a discrete digital model.

[0115] The crossing judgment module is used to convert the three-dimensional spatial relationship into two-dimensional line segments based on the orthographic parallel projection, and to determine whether the line connecting the blast source to the sensor position crosses the empty area through dot product operation, so as to obtain the crossing judgment result.

[0116] To clarify the specific method for obtaining the crossing judgment module, the following are included:

[0117] The projection unit is used to project the spatial straight line segment between the blasting source and the sensor position along the tunnel axis direction to the vertical cross section of the tunnel according to the orthoparallel projection, and convert it into a two-dimensional projection line segment.

[0118] The conversion unit is used to convert the outline of the excavated void area of ​​the tunnel based on the two-dimensional projection line segment to obtain a two-dimensional closed shape;

[0119] The position determination unit is used to determine the positional relationship between the two-dimensional projected line segment and the coplanar line segment of the two-dimensional closed figure based on the cross product of the vector and the dot product, and to obtain the positional relationship determination result.

[0120] The crossing judgment unit is used to determine whether a spatial straight line segment crosses an excavated area of ​​the tunnel based on the positional relationship judgment result, and to obtain the crossing judgment result.

[0121] The search module is used to search for the shortest diffraction path around the empty area in the discrete digital model when the crossing judgment result is crossing the empty area, with the constraints of the lowest energy loss and the shortest bypass path.

[0122] To clarify the specific methods for obtaining the search module, the following are included:

[0123] The calculation unit is used to calculate the estimated cost from the current node to the sensor target node in the discrete digital model according to the heuristic function, and to calculate the total cost estimate by combining the preset actual cost from the blasting source node to the current node.

[0124] The construction unit is used to construct a priority queue based on the total cost estimate and guide the search direction, and select the node with the smallest total cost estimate as the current optimal node;

[0125] The search unit is used to search for the shortest diffraction path from the blast source node to the sensor target node around the empty area based on the constraints of the lowest energy loss and the shortest detour path and the current optimal node, so as to obtain the shortest diffraction path.

[0126] The prediction module is used to predict the path of the blast vibration wave based on the shortest diffraction path.

[0127] It should be noted that the specific manner in which each module performs its operation in the apparatus described in the above embodiments has been described in detail in the embodiments of the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0128] Example 3:

[0129] Corresponding to the above method embodiments, this embodiment also provides a vibration wave path prediction device for deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting. The vibration wave path prediction device for deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting described below can be referred to in correspondence with the vibration wave path prediction method for deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting described above.

[0130] Figure 7 This is a block diagram illustrating a vibration wave path prediction device 800 for deep-buried tunnel blasting using the drill-and-blast method, according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 7 As shown, the deep-buried tunnel blasting vibration wave path prediction device 800 may include: a processor 801 and a memory 802. The deep-buried tunnel blasting vibration wave path prediction device 800 may also include one or more of the following: a multimedia component 803, an I / O interface 804, and a communication component 805.

[0131] The processor 801 controls the overall operation of the deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting vibration wave path prediction device 800 to complete all or part of the steps in the aforementioned deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting vibration wave path prediction method. The memory 802 stores various types of data to support the operation of the deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting vibration wave path prediction device 800. This data may include, for example, instructions for any application or method operating on the deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting vibration wave path prediction device 800, as well as application-related data, such as contact data, sent and received messages, images, audio, video, etc. The memory 802 can be implemented using any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. The multimedia component 803 may include a screen and an audio component. The screen may be, for example, a touchscreen, and the audio component is used to output and / or input audio signals. For example, the audio component may include a microphone for receiving external audio signals. The received audio signals may be further stored in the memory 802 or transmitted via the communication component 805. The audio component also includes at least one speaker for outputting audio signals. I / O interface 804 provides an interface between processor 801 and other interface modules, such as a keyboard, mouse, and buttons. These buttons can be virtual or physical. Communication component 805 is used for wired or wireless communication between the deep-buried tunnel blasting vibration wave path prediction device 800 and other devices. Wireless communication includes Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), 2G, 3G, or 4G, or a combination thereof. Therefore, the corresponding communication component 805 may include a Wi-Fi module, a Bluetooth module, or an NFC module.

[0132] In an exemplary embodiment, the vibration wave path prediction device 800 for deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting can be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or other electronic components to perform the aforementioned vibration wave path prediction method for deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting.

[0133] Example 4:

[0134] Corresponding to the above method embodiments, this embodiment also provides a medium. The medium described below can be referred to in conjunction with the deep-buried tunnel blasting vibration wave path prediction method described above.

[0135] A medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting vibration wave path prediction method described in the above-described method embodiments.

[0136] The medium can specifically be any medium capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, external hard drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0137] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0138] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for predicting the path of vibration waves from deep-buried drill-and-blast tunnel blasting, characterized in that, include: Whether significant diffraction occurs is determined based on the size of the void area in the tunnel caused by the blasting disturbance wave. When significant diffraction occurs, the diffraction path of the blasting disturbance wave that propagates around the empty area is determined based on the propagation law of the blasting disturbance wave with the minimum energy loss and the shortest propagation path, and the diffraction result of the disturbance wave is obtained. The specific methods for obtaining the diffraction results of the disturbance wave include: Based on the principle of minimizing energy loss along the propagation path of the blasting disturbance wave, the particles on the propagation path are equivalent to secondary spherical wave sources. Combined with the constraint of the shortest bypass path, the shortest path between the blasting source and the monitoring particle that does not cross the tunnel excavation area is taken as the actual propagation path of the blasting disturbance wave, and the diffraction results of the disturbance wave are obtained. Based on the diffraction results of the disturbance wave, digital modeling is performed on the surrounding rock area, the excavated void area of ​​the tunnel, and the blasting source. The tunnel wall and arch are discretized to obtain a discrete digital model. The three-dimensional spatial relationship is transformed into two-dimensional line segments based on orthographic projection. The dot product operation is used to determine whether the line connecting the blast source to the sensor position crosses the empty area, and the crossing judgment result is obtained. When the crossing judgment result is crossing the empty area, the shortest diffraction path around the empty area is searched in the discrete digital model with the constraints of minimum energy loss and shortest bypass path. Predict the path of blasting vibration waves based on the shortest diffraction path.

2. The method for predicting the vibration wave path of deep-buried tunnel blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the crossing determination result is crossing the empty region, the discrete digital model searches for the shortest diffraction path around the empty region, constrained by the minimum energy loss and the shortest bypass path, including: The estimated cost from the current node to the sensor target node in the discrete digital model is calculated based on the heuristic function, and the total cost estimate is obtained by combining the preset actual cost from the blasting source node to the current node. A priority queue is constructed based on the total cost estimate to guide the search direction, and the node with the smallest total cost estimate is selected as the current optimal node. Based on the constraints of minimum energy loss and shortest detour path, the shortest diffraction path from the blast source node to the sensor target node bypassing the empty area is searched using the current optimal node, and the shortest diffraction path is obtained.

3. The method for predicting the vibration wave path of deep-buried tunnel blasting according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the constraints of minimizing energy loss and minimizing the detour path, and using the current optimal node, a search is performed for the shortest diffraction path from the blast source node to the sensor target node, bypassing the empty region. The shortest diffraction path is obtained, including: Based on the current optimal node, traverse the discrete nodes of adjacent tunnel walls and arches within the discrete digital model to obtain the cost evaluation results of adjacent nodes. Based on the cost evaluation results of the adjacent nodes, the node with the smallest total cost estimate is selected iteratively, and the search range is expanded to screen the optimal propagation path. Based on the optimal propagation path, the parent node of the sensor target node is searched to trace back to the starting point of the blast source, generating the shortest diffraction path.

4. The method for predicting the vibration wave path of deep-buried tunnel blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional spatial relationships are transformed into two-dimensional line segments based on orthographic projection. Dot product operations are used to determine whether the line connecting the blast source to the sensor location crosses an empty area, yielding the crossing determination result, including: According to the orthogonal parallel projection, the spatial straight line segment between the blasting source and the sensor position is projected along the tunnel axis to the vertical cross section of the tunnel, and transformed into a two-dimensional projection line segment. Based on the two-dimensional projection line segments, the outline of the excavated void area of ​​the tunnel is transformed to obtain a two-dimensional closed shape; The positional relationship between the two-dimensional projected line segment and the coplanar line segment of the two-dimensional closed figure is determined based on the operation of the vector cross product and the dot product, and the positional relationship determination result is obtained. Based on the positional relationship determination results, it is determined whether the spatial straight segment crosses the excavated area of ​​the tunnel, and the crossing determination result is obtained.

5. The method for predicting the vibration wave path of deep-buried tunnel blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that, Whether significant diffraction occurs is determined based on the size of the void between the blast disturbance wave and the tunnel cavity, including: According to the wave equation, the wavelength of the blasting disturbance wave is calculated by using the main vibration frequency of the blasting disturbance wave; Based on the comparison between the wavelength of the blasting disturbance wave and the cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel excavation void, diffraction comparison results are obtained. When the diffraction comparison result indicates that the wavelength of the blasting disturbance wave is not less than the cross-sectional dimension, it is determined that the disturbance wave undergoes significant diffraction during propagation. When the diffraction comparison result shows that the wavelength of the blasting disturbance wave is smaller than the cross-sectional size, it is determined that the disturbance wave still has a weak diffraction effect at the edge of the tunnel void. Based on the determination results of the significant diffraction and the weak diffraction effect, it is concluded that the blast disturbance wave as a whole exhibits diffraction propagation behavior.

6. A vibration wave path prediction system for deep-buried tunnel blasting using the drill-and-blast method, characterized in that, include: The diffraction judgment module is used to determine whether significant diffraction occurs based on the size of the void between the blasting disturbance wave and the tunnel. The diffraction path module is used to determine the diffraction path of the blasting disturbance wave to propagate around the empty area based on the propagation law of the blasting disturbance wave with the minimum energy loss and the shortest propagation path when there is a significant diffraction phenomenon, and to obtain the diffraction result of the disturbance wave. The diffraction path module includes: The diffraction path unit is used to treat the particles on the propagation path as secondary spherical wave sources based on the minimum energy loss of the blasting disturbance wave. Combined with the constraint of the shortest bypass path, the shortest path between the blasting source and the monitoring particle that does not cross the tunnel excavation area is taken as the actual propagation path of the blasting disturbance wave, and the diffraction result of the disturbance wave is obtained. The discrete module is used to digitally model the surrounding rock area, the excavated void area of ​​the tunnel, and the blasting source based on the diffraction results of the disturbance wave, and to discretize the tunnel wall and the arch to obtain a discrete digital model. The crossing judgment module is used to convert the three-dimensional spatial relationship into two-dimensional line segments based on the orthographic parallel projection, and to determine whether the line connecting the blast source to the sensor position crosses the empty area through dot product operation, so as to obtain the crossing judgment result. The search module is used to search for the shortest diffraction path around the empty area in the discrete digital model when the crossing judgment result is crossing the empty area, with the constraints of the lowest energy loss and the shortest bypass path. The prediction module is used to predict the path of the blast vibration wave based on the shortest diffraction path.

7. The vibration wave path prediction system for deep-buried tunnel blasting using the drill-and-blast method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The search module includes: The calculation unit is used to calculate the estimated cost from the current node to the sensor target node in the discrete digital model according to the heuristic function, and to calculate the total cost estimate by combining the preset actual cost from the blasting source node to the current node. The construction unit is used to construct a priority queue based on the total cost estimate and guide the search direction, and select the node with the smallest total cost estimate as the current optimal node; The search unit is used to search for the shortest diffraction path from the blast source node to the sensor target node around the empty area based on the constraints of the lowest energy loss and the shortest detour path and the current optimal node, so as to obtain the shortest diffraction path.

8. The vibration wave path prediction system for deep-buried tunnel blasting using the drill-and-blast method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The crossing determination module includes: The projection unit is used to project the spatial straight line segment between the blasting source and the sensor position along the tunnel axis direction to the vertical cross section of the tunnel according to the orthoparallel projection, and convert it into a two-dimensional projection line segment. The conversion unit is used to convert the outline of the excavated void area of ​​the tunnel based on the two-dimensional projection line segment to obtain a two-dimensional closed shape; The position determination unit is used to determine the positional relationship between the two-dimensional projected line segment and the coplanar line segment of the two-dimensional closed figure based on the cross product of the vector and the dot product, and to obtain the positional relationship determination result. The crossing judgment unit is used to determine whether a spatial straight line segment crosses an excavated area of ​​the tunnel based on the positional relationship judgment result, and to obtain the crossing judgment result.

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