Methods, systems, and devices for near-surface structure modeling based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-14
AI Technical Summary
[0004]本发明的目的在于提供一种基于三维空间插值的近地表结构建模方法、系统和设备，以解决平面插值难以刻画低降速带在深度域的空间分布情况的技术问题，本发明有利于低降速带在深度域的空间分布情况的准确刻画
本发明通过获取微测井成果，根据微测井成果获取近地表的若干属性控制点，便于精确地了解近地表的地质结构特征。根据工区范围、井位的分布情况、探井的深度和低速层的厚度建立三维网格节点，通过合理设置三维网格节点，可以充分考虑到工区的范围、井位分布以及地质特征，为后续步骤提供基础框架。根据每个三维网格节点与属性控制点的距离结合采用克里金插值法求取对应三维网格节点的速度值，得到近地表速度场。克里金插值法是一种地统计学方法，能够充分考虑已知数据点之间的空间相关性，从而得到更加准确的未知点估计值，为后续的地震波传播模拟和成像提供关键参数。以地面为界将近地表速度场切分为地上部分速度场和地下部分速度场，设置地上部分速度场的节点Vp属性值，有助于更准确地模拟地震波在地表和地下的传播过程。结合地上部分速度场和地下部分速度场，按照设定的ZXY次序输出SGY格式速度场，得到近地表地震波速度场。SGY格式是地震数据的一种常用格式，它包含了地震数据的基本信息和实际数据，可以将得到的近地表速度场以标准的格式输出，便于后续的地震数据处理和分析，同时，按照ZXY次序输出也确保了数据的空间一致性和可读性。本发明通过微测井成果、合理建立网格、采用先进的插值方法以及考虑地表和地下的速度差异等步骤，得到了准确、可靠的近地表地震波速度场，有利于低降速带在深度域的空间分布情况的准确刻画，对于地震勘探和成像等应用具有重要意义。
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Figure CN122572243A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of micrologging technology and relates to a method, system and device for modeling near-surface structures based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation. Background Technology
[0002] The investigation of near-surface low-velocity layers is a crucial step in seismic exploration. The accuracy of near-surface structural information significantly impacts the excitation parameters acquired during seismic exploration, affecting both production costs and data acquisition quality. Seismic P-wave velocity reflects the degree of compaction in the soil and rock medium and the differences in seismic wave energy propagation.
[0003] In seismic exploration operations in mountainous areas with thick loess deposits, the depth at which explosives are detonated in wells determines the propagation range of seismic waves and the spectral characteristics of seismic data. Therefore, to improve the quality of acquired data, geophysical methods such as micrologging and low-refractive-index logging are generally used to investigate the near-surface seismic P-wave velocity structure. Linear interpolation of results from sparse probe points yields the planar distribution characteristics of low-velocity zones. However, in areas with thick deposits of loose loess or sand, planar interpolation alone is insufficient to characterize the spatial distribution of low-velocity zones in the depth domain, presenting significant limitations. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, system, and device for modeling near-surface structures based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation, in order to solve the technical problem that planar interpolation is difficult to characterize the spatial distribution of low-velocity zones in the depth domain. This invention is beneficial for accurately characterizing the spatial distribution of low-velocity zones in the depth domain.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation, comprising the following steps: Obtain micrologging results, and based on the micrologging results, obtain several attribute control points near the surface; A three-dimensional grid node is established based on the work area, the distribution of well locations, the depth of exploration wells, and the thickness of the low-velocity layer; Based on the distance between each 3D mesh node and the attribute control point, the velocity value of the corresponding 3D mesh node is obtained by Kriging interpolation, thus obtaining the near-surface velocity field. The near-surface velocity field is divided into an above-ground velocity field and an underground velocity field, with the ground surface as the boundary. The Vp attribute value of the nodes in the above-ground velocity field is set. By combining the above-ground and underground velocity fields, the SGY format velocity field is output according to the set ZXY order to obtain the near-surface seismic wave velocity field.
[0006] Secondly, the present invention provides a near-surface structure modeling system based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation, comprising: Attribute control point acquisition module: used to acquire micrologging results and obtain several attribute control points near the surface based on the micrologging results; 3D mesh node creation module: used to create 3D mesh nodes based on the work area, well location distribution, well depth, and low-velocity layer thickness; Near-surface velocity field acquisition module: This module is used to obtain the velocity value of the corresponding three-dimensional mesh node by combining the distance between each three-dimensional mesh node and the attribute control point with the Kriging interpolation method, and thus obtain the near-surface velocity field. Near-surface velocity field segmentation module: used to divide the near-surface velocity field into an above-ground velocity field and an underground velocity field with the ground surface as the boundary, and to set the Vp attribute value of the nodes in the above-ground velocity field; Near-surface seismic wave velocity field acquisition module: This module combines the above-ground and underground velocity fields of the near-surface velocity field and outputs the SGY format velocity field according to the specified ZXY order to obtain the near-surface seismic wave velocity field.
[0007] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising: a processor; a memory for storing computer program instructions; and steps for implementing a near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation when executing the computer program.
[0008] Fourthly, the present invention provides a storage medium storing computer program instructions, which are loaded and executed by a processor, wherein the processor performs a near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation.
[0009] Fifthly, the present invention provides a computer program product, the computer program product including computer instructions that instruct a computer to execute a near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation.
[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention obtains micrologging results and, based on these results, acquires several near-surface attribute control points, facilitating a precise understanding of the near-surface geological structure. A three-dimensional grid is established based on the work area, well location distribution, well depth, and low-velocity layer thickness. By rationally setting these three-dimensional grid nodes, the scope of the work area, well location distribution, and geological characteristics can be fully considered, providing a basic framework for subsequent steps. The velocity values of each three-dimensional grid node are obtained using Kriging interpolation based on the distance between each node and the attribute control points, yielding the near-surface velocity field. Kriging interpolation is a geostatistical method that fully considers the spatial correlation between known data points, thus obtaining more accurate estimates of unknown points and providing key parameters for subsequent seismic wave propagation simulation and imaging. The near-surface velocity field is divided into an above-ground velocity field and a subsurface velocity field, with the ground surface as the boundary. Setting the Vp attribute values for the nodes in the above-ground velocity field helps to more accurately simulate the propagation process of seismic waves at the surface and underground. By combining the surface and subsurface velocity fields, and outputting the SGY format velocity field according to a predefined ZXY order, the near-surface seismic wave velocity field is obtained. The SGY format is a commonly used format for seismic data, containing basic information and actual data. It outputs the obtained near-surface velocity field in a standard format, facilitating subsequent seismic data processing and analysis. Furthermore, outputting according to the ZXY order ensures spatial consistency and readability of the data. This invention, through steps such as using micrologging results, establishing a reasonable grid, employing advanced interpolation methods, and considering the velocity differences between the surface and subsurface, obtains an accurate and reliable near-surface seismic wave velocity field. This is beneficial for accurately depicting the spatial distribution of low-velocity zones in the depth domain and is of great significance for applications such as seismic exploration and imaging.
[0011] The system of this invention includes: an attribute control point acquisition module, a three-dimensional mesh node establishment module, a near-surface velocity field acquisition module, a near-surface velocity field segmentation module, and a near-surface seismic wave velocity field acquisition module. The attribute control point acquisition module is used to acquire micrologging results and obtain several attribute control points near the surface based on these results. The three-dimensional mesh node establishment module is used to establish three-dimensional mesh nodes based on the work area, well location distribution, well depth, and low-velocity layer thickness. The near-surface velocity field acquisition module is used to calculate the velocity value of the corresponding three-dimensional mesh node using Kriging interpolation based on the distance between each three-dimensional mesh node and the attribute control point, thus obtaining the near-surface velocity field. The near-surface velocity field segmentation module is used to divide the near-surface velocity field into an aboveground velocity field and a subsurface velocity field, with the ground surface as the boundary, and sets the Vp attribute values of the nodes in the aboveground velocity field. The near-surface seismic wave velocity field acquisition module combines the aboveground and subsurface velocity fields of the near-surface velocity field and outputs the SGY format velocity field according to a specified ZXY order, thus obtaining the near-surface seismic wave velocity field. The various modules work together to obtain an accurate and reliable near-surface seismic wave velocity field, which is beneficial for accurately depicting the spatial distribution of low-velocity zones in the depth domain. Attached Figure Description
[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional velocity field mesh and nodes of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the correspondence between the micro-logging results and control point attribute values of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of control points for the micro-logging results of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a near-surface three-dimensional structural model according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is another near-surface three-dimensional structural model view according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A three-dimensional slice of the near-surface velocity field; Figure 7 This invention relates to the engraving of geological structures within a specified speed range according to embodiments of the invention. Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a system module diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0013] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0014] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.
[0015] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: See Figure 8 This invention discloses a near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation, comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain micrologging results. Based on the micrologging results, obtain several attribute control points near the surface to facilitate accurate understanding of the geological structure characteristics of the near surface, and at the same time provide key known data points for subsequent three-dimensional interpolation.
[0016] S2. Based on the work area, well location distribution, well depth, and low-velocity layer thickness, establish three-dimensional grid nodes. It should be noted that the grid spacing of the three-dimensional grid nodes should be less than or equal to the minimum thickness of the low-velocity layer, which is the resolution. By reasonably setting the three-dimensional grid nodes, the work area, well location distribution, and geological characteristics can be fully considered, providing a basic framework for subsequent steps.
[0017] S3. Based on the distance between each 3D grid node and the attribute control point, the velocity value of the corresponding 3D grid node is obtained using Kriging interpolation, thus obtaining the near-surface velocity field. Kriging interpolation is a geostatistical method that can fully consider the spatial correlation between known data points, thereby obtaining more accurate estimates of unknown points and providing key parameters for subsequent seismic wave propagation simulation and imaging.
[0018] S4 divides the near-surface velocity field into an above-ground velocity field and an underground velocity field, with the ground surface as the boundary. Setting the Vp attribute values for the nodes in the above-ground velocity field helps to more accurately simulate the propagation process of seismic waves at the surface and underground. It should be noted that Vp is an abbreviation for the P-wave velocity of seismic waves.
[0019] S5 combines the surface and subsurface velocity fields and outputs the SGY format velocity field according to the set ZXY order, thus obtaining the near-surface seismic wave velocity field. The SGY format is a commonly used format for seismic data. It contains basic information and actual data from the seismic data, and outputs the obtained near-surface velocity field in a standard format, facilitating subsequent seismic data processing and analysis. Furthermore, outputting according to the ZXY order ensures spatial consistency and readability of the data.
[0020] This invention obtains an accurate and reliable near-surface seismic wave velocity field by using micrologging results, establishing a reasonable grid, employing advanced interpolation methods, and considering the velocity differences between the surface and subsurface. This is beneficial for accurately depicting the spatial distribution of low-velocity zones in the depth domain and is of great significance for applications such as seismic exploration and imaging.
[0021] Example 1: See Figure 8 This embodiment discloses a near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation, including the following steps: S1. Obtain micrologging results. Based on the micrologging results, obtain several attribute control points near the surface, as follows: The micrologging results are analyzed and reconstructed, and the attribute control points of each velocity interface of each well are obtained by using the logging velocity boundary point as the control point.
[0022] Preferably, the acquisition of micro-logging results is specifically as follows: Micrologging results obtained using micrologging methods or small refraction methods.
[0023] Preferably, the micrologging results include logging speed and logging thickness.
[0024] S2 establishes a three-dimensional grid of nodes based on the work area, well location distribution, well depth, and low-velocity layer thickness.
[0025] S3. Based on the distance between each 3D mesh node and the attribute control point, the velocity value of the corresponding 3D mesh node is obtained using the Kriging interpolation method, resulting in the near-surface velocity field, as detailed below: For the 3D mesh node closest to the attribute control point, the logging thickness is used as the constraint point for the gradual change of logging velocity, and the logging velocity and logging thickness of the attribute control point are assigned to the nearest node among the adjacent 3D mesh nodes.
[0026] For other 3D mesh nodes, the velocity values of the corresponding 3D mesh nodes are obtained by combining the distance between each 3D mesh node and the attribute control point with the Kriging interpolation method, as follows:
[0027] in, To obtain the velocity values of the three-dimensional mesh nodes, For the first Measured values at known attribute control points For the first Weight coefficients for each known attribute control point The value of is related to the distance between the 3D mesh node and the attribute control point.
[0028] S4, the near-surface velocity field is divided into an above-ground velocity field and an underground velocity field with the ground as the boundary, and the Vp attribute value of the nodes in the above-ground velocity field is set to the speed of sound in air, which is 340m / s. It should be noted that Vp is the longitudinal wave velocity of the seismic wave.
[0029] S5 combines the above-ground and underground velocity fields and outputs the SGY format velocity field according to the set ZXY order to obtain the near-surface seismic wave velocity field.
[0030] It should be noted that the velocity field is a physical field composed of velocity vectors at every point in three-dimensional space. In three-dimensional space, the velocity field can be represented by a vector function v(x,y,z), where (x,y,z) are the coordinates of the point in space; SGY is a binary data file format for seismic data.
[0031] It should be noted that Kriging interpolation, also known as spatial local interpolation, is an interpolation technique widely used in many fields such as geography, geology, and environmental science. It estimates the values of variables at unknown points through statistical analysis of data from known sampling points. The key is to utilize the spatial autocorrelation of variables—that is, points that are closer together tend to be more correlated than points that are farther apart. Based on principles such as least squares estimation, a system of Kriging equations is constructed, and solving this system yields the estimated values of variables at unknown sampling points. Multiple iterations ensure the reasonableness of the spatial distribution of the velocity field. Example 2: The purpose of this invention is to utilize near-surface survey data obtained by micrologging or small refraction methods, and through three-dimensional spatial interpolation, to form a three-dimensional velocity field of the near-surface structure, providing an important basis for optimizing the excitation well depth and charge quantity in seismic exploration, thereby improving the quality of seismic data acquisition.
[0032] To establish a three-dimensional spatial velocity field using sparse near-surface detection data, this invention establishes a regular three-dimensional grid of near-surface nodes within the work area. The velocity boundary points of micrologging results are used as control points, and the well depth is used as the constraint point for velocity gradients. Linear interpolation is performed in three-dimensional space, and the interpolated values are assigned to the nodes of the regular three-dimensional grid, thereby establishing a near-surface seismic wave velocity field. The specific steps include: S1. Establishment of a regular 3D mesh; Based on the work area and the distribution of micro-logging points, combined with the depth of the exploration wells and the thickness of the low-velocity layer, the range of the velocity field is determined, and a regular three-dimensional mesh is established, with each node's Vp attribute value temporarily undefined. The mesh scale for the XY plane and Z depth domain of the velocity sampling points is specified to ensure that each velocity layer has at least two sampling points. To facilitate verification with the construction site, altitude is used to represent the model range; see [link / reference]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 Based on the depth and planar range of micrologging data, a grid of nodes is established in a three-dimensional space in a regular manner to ensure the spatial location of the nodes near the velocity field control points.
[0033] S2, control point for micro-logging results; Micrologging results typically include logging velocity and logging thickness, which appear in pairs. Generally, starting from the wellhead, the seismic wave velocity gradually increases with depth. After reaching the final velocity interface, the velocity remains constant until the bottom of the well. Therefore, logging thickness is used as a constraint point for logging velocity to ensure that the P-wave velocity does not increase indefinitely within the model depth range. (See [reference needed]). Figure 2 , Figure 2 This indicates the attribute value correspondence when each micrologging result is converted into a control point in three-dimensional space, ensuring that all micrologging results within the micrologging depth range are effectively utilized. The micrologging result editing format is shown in Table 1.
[0034] Table 1. Format analysis of converting micrologging results into velocity field control points:
[0035] S3. Three-dimensional interpolation and velocity field establishment of micrologging results; Micrologging results are assigned to the nearest regular grid node to form velocity control points. (See [link]) Figure 3 , Figure 3 This diagram shows the distribution of micrologging results as control points in three-dimensional space. The location of each point reflects the depth, and the color represents the velocity range of each layer. The color transitions from blue to red, with redder colors indicating larger values.
[0036] The Kriging interpolation method is used to calculate the corresponding velocity value based on the spatial position of each node and its distance from the control point, and then assign the value to each node.
[0037] A floating section is established based on the ground elevation, dividing the near-surface velocity field into above-ground and underground parts, and setting the Vp attribute value of the upper node to the air velocity of 340m / s or zero.
[0038] Output the SGY format velocity field according to the specified ZXY order, which facilitates integration with deep geological models or other uses.
[0039] This invention enables the mapping of near-surface survey data, such as micro-logging data, and accurately characterizes the three-dimensional velocity field structure of complex near-surface tectonic regions. This provides guidance for optimizing parameters such as well depth and charge dosage. (See also...) Figures 4 to 7 Midterm Figure 4 This is a near-surface three-dimensional structural model according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is another near-surface three-dimensional structural model view according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A three-dimensional slice of the near-surface velocity field; Figures 4 to 6 This reflects the structure of the near-surface low-velocity layer and deceleration layer after three-dimensional spatial interpolation. The color represents the range of medium velocity values, transitioning from blue through yellow to red, with values increasing from small to large. Locally high values represent lateral variations and spatial inhomogeneities in the near-surface structure. Figure 7 This is a geological structure engraving within a specified speed range according to an embodiment of the present invention. It reflects the geological structure within the specified speed range, from which the longitudinal and lateral variations in geological thickness can be observed.
[0040] Example 3: See Figure 8 This embodiment discloses a near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation, as detailed below: In a construction project in a certain area, the spatial distribution characteristics of the near-surface low-velocity layer were obtained using the method of this invention, including the following steps: Step S1: Collect and analyze existing and current micrologging results, analyze and reconstruct the micrologging results, and analyze each velocity interface of each well into multiple attribute control points.
[0041] Step S2: Establish a regularly distributed grid block velocity field within the plane and depth range of the micrologging data evaluation, and assign the velocity attributes of the control points to the nearest node.
[0042] Step S3: Based on the spatial location of each node and its distance from the control point, the corresponding velocity value is obtained using the Kriging interpolation method and assigned to each adjacent node, thereby forming a near-surface velocity field.
[0043] Step S4: Divide the velocity field into above-ground and underground parts with the ground as the boundary, and set the Vp attribute value of the upper node to the speed of sound in air of 340m / s.
[0044] Step S5: Output the SGY format velocity field according to the specified ZXY order for near-surface structure analysis and seismic data quality analysis, such as velocity field slicing and forward modeling of geological models.
[0045] Based on the above method, this invention also discloses a near-surface structure modeling system based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 9 ,include: Attribute control point acquisition module: used to acquire micrologging results and obtain several attribute control points near the surface based on the micrologging results; 3D mesh node creation module: used to create 3D mesh nodes based on the work area, well location distribution, well depth, and low-velocity layer thickness; Near-surface velocity field acquisition module: This module is used to obtain the velocity value of the corresponding three-dimensional mesh node by combining the distance between each three-dimensional mesh node and the attribute control point with the Kriging interpolation method, and thus obtain the near-surface velocity field. Near-surface velocity field segmentation module: used to divide the near-surface velocity field into an above-ground velocity field and an underground velocity field with the ground as the boundary, and set the Vp attribute value of the nodes in the above-ground velocity field to 340m / s, the speed of sound in air; Near-surface seismic wave velocity field acquisition module: This module combines the above-ground and underground velocity fields of the near-surface velocity field and outputs the SGY format velocity field according to the specified ZXY order to obtain the near-surface seismic wave velocity field.
[0046] The various modules of the system in this invention work together to obtain an accurate and reliable near-surface seismic wave velocity field, which is beneficial for accurately depicting the spatial distribution of low-velocity zones in the depth domain.
[0047] An electronic device includes: a processor; a memory for storing computer program instructions; and steps for implementing a near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation when executing the computer program.
[0048] A storage medium storing computer program instructions, which are loaded and executed by a processor, wherein the processor performs a near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation.
[0049] A computer program product comprising computer instructions that instruct a computer to perform a near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation.
[0050] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.
[0051] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.
[0052] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.
[0053] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.
[0054] The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of this invention.
Claims
1. A near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain micrologging results, and based on the micrologging results, obtain several attribute control points near the surface; A three-dimensional grid node is established based on the work area, the distribution of well locations, the depth of exploration wells, and the thickness of the low-velocity layer; Based on the distance between each 3D mesh node and the attribute control point, the velocity value of the corresponding 3D mesh node is obtained by Kriging interpolation, thus obtaining the near-surface velocity field. The near-surface velocity field is divided into an above-ground velocity field and an underground velocity field, with the ground surface as the boundary. The Vp attribute value of the nodes in the above-ground velocity field is set. By combining the above-ground and underground velocity fields, the SGY format velocity field is output according to the set ZXY order to obtain the near-surface seismic wave velocity field.
2. The near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for obtaining micro-logging results are as follows: Micrologging results obtained using micrologging methods or small refraction methods; The micrologging results include logging speed and logging thickness.
3. The near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of several near-surface attribute control points based on micrologging results is as follows: The micrologging results are analyzed and reconstructed, and the attribute control points of each velocity interface of each well are obtained by using the logging velocity boundary point as the control point.
4. The near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The velocity value of the corresponding 3D mesh node is obtained by combining the distance between each 3D mesh node and the attribute control point with the Kriging interpolation method, as follows: For the 3D mesh node that is closest to the attribute control point, assign the attribute control point to the nearest node among the adjacent 3D mesh nodes; For other 3D mesh nodes, the velocity value of the corresponding 3D mesh node is obtained by combining the distance between each 3D mesh node and the attribute control point with the Kriging interpolation method.
5. The near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of assigning attribute control points to the nearest node among adjacent 3D mesh nodes is as follows: The logging thickness is used as a constraint point for the gradual change of logging velocity. The logging velocity and logging thickness of the attribute control point are assigned to the nearest node in the adjacent 3D mesh.
6. The near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The velocity value of the corresponding 3D mesh node is obtained by combining the distance between each 3D mesh node and the attribute control point with the Kriging interpolation method, as follows: in, To obtain the velocity values of the three-dimensional mesh nodes, For the first Measured values at known attribute control points For the first Weight coefficients for each known attribute control point The value of is related to the distance between the 3D mesh node and the attribute control point.
7. The near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The node Vp attribute value of the velocity field of the above-ground portion is 340 m / s, which is the speed of sound in air.
8. A near-surface structure modeling system based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation for implementing the method of any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, include: Attribute control point acquisition module: used to acquire micrologging results and obtain several attribute control points near the surface based on the micrologging results; 3D mesh node creation module: used to create 3D mesh nodes based on the work area, well location distribution, well depth, and low-velocity layer thickness; Near-surface velocity field acquisition module: This module is used to obtain the velocity value of the corresponding three-dimensional mesh node by combining the distance between each three-dimensional mesh node and the attribute control point with the Kriging interpolation method, and thus obtain the near-surface velocity field. Near-surface velocity field segmentation module: used to divide the near-surface velocity field into an above-ground velocity field and an underground velocity field with the ground surface as the boundary, and to set the Vp attribute value of the nodes in the above-ground velocity field; Near-surface seismic wave velocity field acquisition module: This module combines the above-ground and underground velocity fields of the near-surface velocity field and outputs the SGY format velocity field according to the specified ZXY order to obtain the near-surface seismic wave velocity field.
9. An electronic device, comprising: A processor; a memory, an electronic device for storing computer program instructions; characterized in that, when executing the computer program, it implements the steps of the near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation as described in any one of claims 1-7.
10. A storage medium storing computer program instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program instructions are loaded and run by the processor, the processor executes the near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation as described in any one of claims 1-7.
11. A computer program product, said computer program product comprising computer instructions, characterized in that, The computer instructions instruct the computer to execute the near-surface structure modeling method based on three-dimensional spatial interpolation as described in any one of claims 1-7.