A method and system for optimizing highway forest topsoil adsorption process

Abstract

The application discloses a highway road forest topsoil adsorption process optimization method and system, relates to the technical field of vegetation restoration engineering, and comprises the following steps: low-shear screening and binning of layered active topsoil components are carried out, and component marking is completed according to source horizon and water content, so that the marked active topsoil components are obtained; the marked active topsoil components are subjected to reverse deep burying and layering spraying in the order from the lower structure stable layer to the seed-rich thin layer of the surface layer, and the seedling emergence, coverage, washing and topsoil residual state after construction are recorded to form process feedback optimization information. The application forms the process feedback optimization information through the reverse deep burying and layering spraying of the marked active topsoil components, and the utilization precision of the layered active topsoil components and the slope surface repair adaptability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vegetation restoration engineering technology, and in particular to an optimized method and system for topsoil adsorption in highway forest areas. Background Technology

[0002] Road cut slopes, embankment slopes, and exposed roadside areas formed during highway construction and maintenance typically require ecological restoration through methods such as slope clearing, base reinforcement, topsoil spraying, vegetation substrate application, and post-construction maintenance. Forest topsoil, containing local seed banks, humus, fine roots, and soil microorganisms, is often used as an active material to enhance the localization of vegetation restoration and community stability. It is also used in conjunction with thick substrates, fibrous materials, and water-retaining materials for slope revegetation.

[0003] Conventional methods for utilizing forest topsoil have two main limitations: First, topsoil is often collected at a fixed depth as a whole, which can easily lead to the mixing of the seed enrichment layer, the humus microbial layer, and the mineral transition layer, reducing the accuracy of the utilization of active components at different strata. Second, spraying is often carried out by covering the mixed substrate in one go, making it difficult to control the spatial position of the active topsoil on the slope according to the collected strata and the requirements for slope restoration, which may affect the shallow germination of seeds and the colonization of microorganisms. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the aforementioned existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, this invention provides an optimized method for the adsorption process of topsoil in highway forests to solve the problem of insufficient utilization accuracy of active topsoil caused by the mixed layers of conventional forest topsoil collection and the uncontrollable spraying location.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an optimization method for the adsorption process of topsoil in forests along highways, which includes: collecting slope restoration working condition data and forest topsoil activity data in the highway area, matching and identifying the topsoil activity, and generating slope restoration demand information and forest topsoil activity profile information. Based on the slope restoration needs and forest topsoil activity profile information, a depth-limited negative pressure method was used to perform stratified adsorption of forest topsoil at different active layers, and the acoustic vibration pressure difference and flow characteristics of the pipeline were collected to form information on the layer determination of the inhaled material and the stratified collection status. The adsorption deviation value is calculated using the information on the stratigraphic position of the inhaled material and the stratified collection status. The speed of the adsorption negative pressure limit depth advance and the backflush action are adaptively adjusted. When either the risk of deep mineral soil mixing or the risk of blockage is triggered, the mining stop control is executed, and the stratified active topsoil components are output. The layered active topsoil components were subjected to low-shear sieving and compartmentalized preservation, and the components were marked according to their source layer and water content to obtain the marked preserved topsoil components. The marked topsoil components were sprayed in reverse deep burial layer by layer in the order from the lower structural stabilization layer to the top seed enrichment layer. After construction, the seedling emergence, coverage erosion and topsoil residue status were recorded to form process feedback optimization information.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the optimized method for topsoil adsorption process in highway forests described in this invention, the slope repair condition data includes the slope and aspect of the highway slope, the degree of exposure and damage, the risk of erosion, the water content and the workable range. The forest topsoil activity data includes seed enrichment, humus content, microbial activity, water content, and risk of mineral soil contamination in different topsoil layers.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the optimized method for the adsorption process of topsoil in highway forests according to the present invention, the steps of matching and identifying the activity of topsoil layers to generate slope restoration demand information and forest topsoil activity profile information are as follows: Based on the slope repair work data, the slope damage status and slope recovery requirements are determined to obtain initial information on slope repair needs; Based on the activity data of forest topsoil layers, the ecological activity and risk of mineral soil incorporation of different forest topsoil layers are identified, and initial profile information of forest topsoil activity is obtained. The initial information on slope restoration needs is matched and identified with the initial profile information of forest topsoil activity to determine the adsorbable forest topsoil layer corresponding to the slope restoration requirements, thereby generating slope restoration needs information and forest topsoil activity profile information.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the optimized method for adsorbing topsoil from forests along highways according to the present invention, the method of using a depth-limited negative pressure approach to perform stratified adsorption of topsoil from forests at different active layers, and collecting pipeline acoustic-vibration pressure difference and flow characteristics, includes the following steps: Based on the correspondence between slope restoration needs and forest topsoil active profile information, the adsorption sequence and adsorption depth of the required forest topsoil active layer at each restoration location are determined. Shallow adsorption is carried out at the corresponding forest topsoil active layer using a depth-limited negative pressure method, and the adsorption depth and collection progress are recorded simultaneously to generate stratified adsorption execution information. Continuously acquire changes in particle impact sound, pressure difference, and flow rate within the pipeline to form the characteristics of pipeline acoustic vibration, pressure difference, and flow rate.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the optimized method for adsorption process of topsoil in highway forests according to the present invention, the steps for forming the inhaled material stratum determination information and stratified collection status are as follows: The pipeline acoustic vibration pressure difference and flow characteristics are compared with the current stratified adsorption execution information to determine whether the current inhaled material deviates from the target forest topsoil active layer and generate inhaled material layer determination information. Based on the matching status between the current inhaled material and the active layer of the target forest topsoil, the stratified adsorption execution information is verified, and the parameters are corrected for the collection process that deviates from the active layer of the target forest topsoil. The adsorption completion status of each active layer of the forest topsoil is recorded to form a stratified collection status.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the optimized method for topsoil adsorption process in highway forests described in this invention, the steps of adaptively adjusting the adsorption negative pressure limit depth advancement speed and backflushing action, and executing a stop-mining control when either the risk of deep mineral soil mixing or the risk of blockage is triggered, and outputting the stratified active topsoil components are as follows: The inhaled material layer determination information is compared with the layered acquisition status to extract the deviation characteristics of the adsorption process and calculate the adsorption deviation value. The adsorption adjustment levels are divided according to the adsorption deviation value, and the adjustment range of adsorption negative pressure and depth limit is determined according to the adsorption adjustment level to form negative pressure and depth limit adjustment parameters. Based on the negative pressure depth limit adjustment parameters, the adjustment range of the propulsion speed and backflush action is further determined to form the adsorption process adjustment parameters, and the acquisition process is continuously controlled through the adsorption process adjustment parameters. When the adsorption deviation value reaches the stop-mining threshold and the inhaled material stratum determination information indicates that any of the warnings for the risk of deep mineral soil mixing and blockage is triggered, the stop-mining control is executed. Combined with the stratified collection status, the effective components of the target forest topsoil active stratum collection are retained, and the stratified active topsoil components are output.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the optimized method for adsorption process of topsoil in highway forests according to the present invention, the steps of performing low-shear sieving and compartmentalized retention of the stratified active topsoil components are as follows: Low-shear sieving was performed on the stratified active topsoil components to remove coarse particles and ineffective matter while maintaining the original stratification properties of seed-enriched components and humic microbial components, thus obtaining the initial stratified active topsoil components. The initial-screened and layered active topsoil components were temporarily stored in thin layers according to their source layers, and the light-blocking, air-permeability, and water content stability were controlled during the storage process to obtain compartmented active topsoil components.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the optimized method for adsorption process of topsoil in highway forests according to the present invention, the step of completing component labeling according to source stratum and water content to obtain labeled revitalized topsoil components is as follows: Collect source strata and aquifer status, and bind source strata and aquifer status with corresponding compartmentalized topsoil components to generate component marker records; The consistency between the component marking records and the topsoil components in the compartment is checked to confirm the correspondence between the source strata and the water state of each component, and the marked topsoil components are obtained.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the optimized method for topsoil adsorption process in highway forests according to the present invention, the steps of applying the marked topsoil components for survival preservation in reverse deep burial layered spraying in the order from the underlying structural stabilization layer to the seed-enriched thin layer on the surface, and recording the seedling cover erosion and topsoil residue status after construction to form process feedback optimization information, are as follows: Based on the marked topsoil components for survival preservation, the material correspondence and spraying sequence from the lower structural stabilization layer to the surface seed enrichment thin layer are determined, and a reverse deep burial layered spraying scheme is generated. The roadside slope was cleaned and the base was treated according to the anti-deep burial layered spraying scheme to obtain the formed slope of the lower structure stabilization layer. On the slope surface formed by the lower structural stabilization layer, a rooting and activation layer and a thin layer of surface seed enrichment are sprayed according to the anti-deep burial layered spraying scheme to obtain the anti-deep burial layered spraying completed slope surface. After the deep-buried layered spraying is completed, the slope surface is maintained and regularly observed. The emergence, coverage, erosion and topsoil residue are recorded to obtain a record of the slope recovery status. By comparing and analyzing the slope restoration status records with the anti-deep burial layered spraying scheme, the direction for adjusting the subsequent selection of topsoil adsorption layers and the order of layered spraying is determined, thus forming process feedback optimization information.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides an optimization system for the adsorption process of topsoil in forests along highways, including: a slope topsoil identification module, which collects slope restoration working condition data and forest topsoil layer activity data in the highway area, and matches and identifies the topsoil layer activity to generate slope restoration demand information and forest topsoil activity profile information. The depth-limited stratified adsorption module, based on slope restoration needs and forest topsoil activity profile information, uses a depth-limited negative pressure method to adsorb forest topsoil at different active layers, and collects pipeline acoustic and vibration pressure differences and flow characteristics to form information on the layer location of the inhaled material and the stratified acquisition status. The adaptive control and extraction module calculates the adsorption deviation value using the information on the layer location of the inhaled material and the layered collection status, and adaptively adjusts the speed of the adsorption negative pressure limit depth advance and the backflush action. When either the risk of deep mineral soil mixing or the risk of blockage is triggered, it executes the stop-mining control and outputs the layered active topsoil components. The topsoil retention marking module performs low-shear screening and compartmentalized retention of the stratified active topsoil components, and marks the components according to their source strata and water content to obtain the marked retained topsoil components. The reverse deep burial spraying module sprays the marked topsoil components in layers according to the order from the lower structural stabilization layer to the top seed enrichment layer. After construction, it records the seedling emergence, coverage, erosion, and topsoil residue status to generate process feedback optimization information.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By performing layered adsorption with limited depth under negative pressure based on slope restoration needs and forest topsoil activity profile information, and by calculating the adsorption deviation value in conjunction with pipeline acoustic and vibration pressure difference and flow characteristics, adaptive adjustments are made to the adsorption negative pressure, limited depth, propulsion speed, and backflushing action to control the risks of deep mineral soil mixing and blockage; and by using the reverse deep burial layered spraying of marked topsoil components to form process feedback optimization information, the utilization accuracy of layered active topsoil components and the adaptability of slope restoration are improved. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A flowchart for optimizing the topsoil adsorption process in highway forest areas.

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an optimized system for the adsorption process of topsoil in forests along highways.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a flowchart for identifying the activity matching between slope and forest topsoil.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating precise adsorption sampling within the target active layer.

[0022] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the completion of layered adsorption and reverse deep burial spraying on the slope.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the adsorption deviation adjustment and acquisition control process. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0026] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0027] Reference Figures 1-6 As one embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides an optimized method for the adsorption process of topsoil in highway forest areas, comprising the following steps: S1. Collect slope restoration working condition data and forest topsoil activity data in the highway area, and match and identify the topsoil activity to generate slope restoration demand information and forest topsoil activity profile information. The slope repair data includes the slope angle, slope aspect azimuth, exposed area percentage, damaged area percentage, number of scour gullies, average depth of scour gullies, surface moisture content, workable width, and distance to construction equipment for the roadside slope.

[0028] Forest topsoil activity data include seed quantity, seed germination rate, organic matter content, microbial respiration intensity, topsoil moisture content, fine root mass percentage, sand mass percentage, and gravel mass percentage in different topsoil layers.

[0029] It should be noted that the slope restoration data was collected through UAV mapping, slope measurement, on-site quadrat survey, scour ditch measurement, soil moisture meter detection, and construction passage distance measurement. The forest topsoil activity data was collected through stratified shallow drilling sampling, seed counting and germination test, organic matter detection, microbial respiration detection, moisture content detection, and sieve weighing. After collection, all data were dimensionless according to the same evaluation direction and normalized using maximum and minimum values.

[0030] Based on the slope repair work data, the slope damage status and slope restoration requirements are determined to obtain initial information on slope repair needs.

[0031] Furthermore, based on the slope restoration data, the slope angle is first compared with the preset slope grading range, and the slope aspect azimuth is combined to determine the slope's light exposure and water loss conditions, thus forming slope environmental constraints. Then, the proportions of exposed area and damaged area are converted into slope damage ratios, and the slope damage level corresponding to the damaged state is determined according to the slope damage ratio. Subsequently, the number of scour gullies and the average depth of the scour gullies are used to determine the slope runoff cutting intensity, and the slope scour prevention and water retention requirements are determined in conjunction with the surface moisture content. Finally, the workable width and the distance to the construction equipment are determined. The data is used to determine the difficulty of access to construction and the degree of operational restrictions, forming construction constraints. Finally, the environmental constraints of the slope, the damage level of the slope, the requirements for slope erosion prevention and water retention, and the construction constraints are integrated to determine the slope restoration requirements (for example, when the environmental constraints of the slope are that the sunny slope is prone to water loss, the damage level of the slope is severe, the requirements for slope erosion prevention and water retention are strong, and the construction constraints are limited, the slope restoration requirements are determined to be to enhance the stability of the base, improve the water retention capacity, and increase the strength of the topsoil active layer), thus obtaining the initial information on the slope repair needs.

[0032] Based on the activity data of forest topsoil layers, the ecological activity and risk of mineral soil incorporation of different forest topsoil layers are identified, and initial profile information of forest topsoil activity is obtained.

[0033] Furthermore, seed quantity, seed germination rate, organic matter content, microbial respiration intensity, topsoil moisture content, and fine root mass ratio were collected for each forest topsoil layer. Seed quantity and seed germination rate were used together to determine seed enrichment capacity, organic matter content and fine root mass ratio were used together to determine humus and rhizosphere aggregate retention capacity, and microbial respiration intensity and topsoil moisture content were used together to determine microbial activity retention capacity. Subsequently, the above judgment results within the same forest topsoil layer were standardized in the same direction and weighted to synthesize the ecological activity of different forest topsoil layers.

[0034] The forest topsoil layers are analyzed by reading the mass percentages of sand and gravel. Combined with the decreasing trends in organic matter content, seed quantity, and fine root mass percentage, the analysis determines whether the forest topsoil layer has transitioned from an active topsoil layer to a lower mineral transition layer. When the mass percentages of sand and gravel increase while the organic matter content, seed quantity, and fine root mass percentage decrease simultaneously, the corresponding forest topsoil layer is identified as having a high risk of mineral soil contamination. Finally, the ecological activity identification results are correlated with the mineral soil contamination risk identification results. Forest topsoil layers with high ecological activity and low mineral soil contamination risk are retained, critical layers with high ecological activity but increased mineral soil contamination risk are marked, and forest topsoil layers with low ecological activity and high mineral soil contamination risk are removed, thus obtaining initial profile information on forest topsoil activity.

[0035] The initial information on slope restoration needs is matched and identified with the initial profile information of forest topsoil activity to determine the adsorbable forest topsoil layer corresponding to the slope restoration requirements, thereby generating slope restoration needs information and forest topsoil activity profile information.

[0036] Furthermore, the slope restoration requirements in the initial information of slope restoration needs are compared with the various forest topsoil layers in the initial profile information of forest topsoil activity. Slope restoration requirements that need to enhance seedling emergence capacity are matched with forest topsoil layers with high seed quantity and germination rate and low risk of mineral soil contamination. Slope restoration requirements that need to enhance root activation capacity are matched with forest topsoil layers with high organic matter content, microbial respiration intensity, and fine root mass ratio. Slope restoration requirements that need to strengthen structural filling capacity are matched with forest topsoil layers with low ecological activity but controllable sand mass ratio. Forest topsoil layers with excessively high gravel mass ratio or high risk of mineral soil contamination are eliminated. In this way, the adsorbable forest topsoil layers corresponding to the slope restoration requirements are determined, and slope restoration needs information and forest topsoil activity profile information are generated.

[0037] S2. Based on the slope restoration needs and forest topsoil activity profile information, the forest topsoil at different active layers is adsorbed in layers using a depth-limited negative pressure method. The acoustic and vibration pressure difference and flow characteristics of the pipeline are collected to form information on the layer determination of the inhaled material and the layer collection status. Based on the correlation between slope restoration needs and forest topsoil active profile information, the adsorption sequence and depth of the required forest topsoil active layer at each restoration location are determined. Shallow adsorption is carried out at the corresponding forest topsoil active layer using a depth-limited negative pressure method, and the adsorption depth and collection progress are recorded simultaneously to generate stratified adsorption execution information.

[0038] Furthermore, when determining the adsorption sequence, the slope restoration needs of each restoration location are mapped to specific layers in the forest topsoil active profile information. Restoration locations with high seedling recovery needs are preferentially matched with the seed enrichment layer, restoration locations with high root activation needs are preferentially matched with the humus microbial layer, and restoration locations with high structural reinforcement needs are matched with only a small amount of the mineral transition layer. When determining the adsorption depth, the upper boundary of the matched forest topsoil active layer is used as the starting point for adsorption, and the lower boundary of the matched forest topsoil active layer is used as the depth limit after reserving a safe thickness upwards, so that the adsorption depth remains within the target forest topsoil active layer and avoids the interface where the risk of mineral soil mixing increases.

[0039] When using a depth-limited negative pressure method for shallow adsorption, the depth-limiting structure is adjusted to the aforementioned depth-limiting position, so that the adsorption port only acts on the active layer of the target forest topsoil. The loose active topsoil is gradually drawn in according to the change of negative pressure from low to high. During the adsorption process, the actual adsorption depth is verified by the depth-limiting position, and the collection progress is verified by the collection start and end positions and the active layer of the target forest topsoil. When the active layer of the target forest topsoil reaches the set collection completion ratio, the adsorption of the current layer is stopped, and layer adsorption execution information containing the active layer of the target forest topsoil, the actual adsorption depth, and the collection completion ratio is generated.

[0040] It should be noted that the depth-limited negative pressure method refers to the process of adsorption and collection of topsoil from forests along highways. By using a depth-limited structure, the effective range of the adsorption port is first limited to the active layer of the target forest topsoil. Then, negative pressure is used to perform shallow adsorption of the loose active topsoil in this layer, while preventing the adsorption port from continuing to act downwards into the deep mineral soil layer. This allows the collection process to accurately sample around the seed enrichment layer and the humus microbial layer, thereby reducing the mixing of ineffective sand and gravel, and providing clearly defined stratified active topsoil components for subsequent compartmentalized preservation and reverse deep burial spraying.

[0041] Continuously acquire changes in particle impact sound, pressure difference, and flow rate within the pipeline to form the characteristics of pipeline acoustic vibration, pressure difference, and flow rate.

[0042] Furthermore, acoustic and vibration acquisition points are set up in the bends of the adsorption pipeline or before the inlet of the separation box. The vibration and sound signals generated by particles impacting the pipeline wall are collected by acoustic and vibration sensors attached to the outside of the pipe wall. The pressure at both ends is collected by pressure detection points set at the front end of the adsorption port and the inlet of the separation box, and the pressure difference change is calculated. The airflow rate per unit time is collected by flow detection points set in the straight section of the pipeline. Then, the changes in particle impact sound, pressure difference, and flow rate are recorded and processed synchronously according to the same time window to form the pipeline acoustic, vibration, pressure difference, and flow rate characteristics that can reflect the current state of the inhaled material.

[0043] By comparing the pipeline acoustic vibration pressure difference and flow characteristics with the current stratified adsorption execution information, it is determined whether the current inhaled material deviates from the target forest topsoil active layer, and inhaled material layer determination information is generated.

[0044] Furthermore, the pipeline acoustic vibration pressure difference and flow characteristics are mapped to the target forest topsoil active layer and actual adsorption depth in the current stratified adsorption execution information according to the same collection time period, and compared with the pre-established standard acoustic vibration range, allowable pressure difference range, and stable flow range of the target forest topsoil active layer. When the particle impact sound is mainly composed of light and loose particle signals, the pressure difference change is within the allowable pressure difference range, the flow change remains continuous and stable, and the actual adsorption depth does not exceed the limit depth of the target forest topsoil active layer, the current inhaled material is determined to correspond to the target forest topsoil active layer. When the particle impact sound shows continuous hard and high-intensity peaks, the pressure difference continues to rise, the flow rate decreases significantly, and the actual adsorption depth is close to the risk interface of mineral soil mixing, the current inhaled material is determined to deviate from the target forest topsoil active layer, and inhaled material layer determination information is generated.

[0045] Based on the matching status between the current inhaled material and the active layer of the target forest topsoil, the stratified adsorption execution information is verified, and the parameters are corrected for the collection process that deviates from the active layer of the target forest topsoil. The adsorption completion status of each active layer of the forest topsoil is recorded to form a stratified collection status.

[0046] Furthermore, the matching status of the current inhaled material with the target forest topsoil active layer is mapped to the target forest topsoil active layer, actual adsorption depth, and collection completion rate in the stratified adsorption execution information to verify whether the current inhaled material is still within the target forest topsoil active layer. When the current inhaled material is matched with the target forest topsoil active layer and the actual adsorption depth does not exceed the depth limit of the target forest topsoil active layer, the corresponding collection process is marked as a valid collection process. When the current inhaled material is not matched with the target forest topsoil active layer and the actual adsorption depth is close to the mineral soil mixing risk interface, the corresponding collection process is marked as a deviation from the collection process.

[0047] For sampling processes that deviate from the target active topsoil layer of the forest, the negative pressure of adsorption is reduced and the depth limit is increased to bring the adsorption range back into the target active topsoil layer of the forest. For sampling processes with enhanced particle impaction, the advance speed is reduced and a short-term backflushing is initiated to remove gravel and hard particles from the adsorption path. For sampling processes with increased pressure differential and decreased flow rate, the adsorption at the current layer is paused and blockages are cleared. After completing parameter correction, the effective sampling progress, deviation from the sampling progress, and sampling completion ratio of each active topsoil layer of the forest continue to be recorded to form a stratified sampling status.

[0048] S3. Calculate the adsorption deviation value using the inhaled material stratum determination information and stratified collection status, and adaptively adjust the adsorption negative pressure limit depth advancement speed and backflushing action. When either the risk of deep mineral soil mixing or the risk of blockage is triggered, execute the stop mining control and output the stratified active topsoil components. By comparing the inhaled material stratification information with the stratified collection status, deviation characteristics of the adsorption process (including the degree of deviation of the active stratum of the target forest topsoil, the degree of pressure difference anomaly, the degree of flow fluctuation and the degree of acoustic vibration anomaly) are extracted, and the adsorption deviation value is calculated.

[0049] Furthermore, the current inhaled material layer in the inhaled material layer determination information is correlated with the target forest topsoil active layer in the stratified collection state. The actual adsorption depth, pipeline pressure difference, flow rate change, and acoustic intensity within the same time window are compared in the standard characteristic corridor of the target forest topsoil active layer. The closer the actual adsorption depth is to the lower boundary of the target forest topsoil active layer and the closer the current inhaled material layer is to the mineral transition layer, the higher the deviation of the target forest topsoil active layer. The higher the pressure difference is, the higher the degree of pressure difference anomaly. The higher the flow rate is, the higher the degree of flow rate fluctuation. The higher the degree of acoustic anomaly, the higher the degree of acoustic anomaly, the more frequent and continuous the peak values ​​of hard particle impacts in the acoustic signal.

[0050] Using the standard characteristic corridor corresponding to the active topsoil layer of the target forest as a benchmark, the deviation degree, pressure difference anomaly degree, flow fluctuation degree, and acoustic vibration anomaly degree of the active topsoil layer of the target forest are converted into corresponding boundary areas. Each type of boundary area is obtained by multiplying the measured feature's boundary deviation amplitude from the standard characteristic corridor by the boundary deviation duration. The portion that does not exceed the standard characteristic corridor is recorded as zero. The maximum value among the four types of boundary areas is taken as the basic deviation amount. The number of features with boundary deviations within the same time window is taken as the synchronous anomaly number. A nonlinear amplification coefficient is generated according to the synchronous anomaly number. Then, a continuous deviation correction coefficient is generated by combining the deviation duration number within the continuous time window. Finally, the adsorption deviation value is obtained by multiplying the basic deviation amount, the nonlinear amplification coefficient, and the continuous deviation correction coefficient.

[0051] The expression for calculating the adsorption deviation value is: ; in, Indicates the adsorption deviation value. Index variables representing deviations from the characteristics of the adsorption process. This indicates the degree of deviation of the active layer of forest topsoil. Indicates the degree of pressure difference abnormality. Indicates the degree of traffic fluctuation. Indicates the degree of acoustic vibration anomaly. Indicates the first The adsorption-like process deviates from the characteristic at time 1 The measured value, Indicates the first The adsorption-like process deviates from the upper limit of the standard feature corridor corresponding to the feature. Indicates the first The adsorption-like process deviates from the lower limit of the standard feature corridor corresponding to the characteristic. This represents any sampling moment within the current time window. This indicates the current moment when the adsorption deviation value is calculated. This indicates the length of the time window used to calculate the adsorption deviation value. This indicates the number of features that cross the boundary within the same time window (the value ranges from 0 to 4). The synchronous anomaly amplification term indicates that the more deviations the adsorption process makes from its characteristic within the same time window, the greater the amplification of the adsorption deviation value. Indicates the number of consecutive deviations from the time window. Indicates the synchronous abnormal amplification factor. This represents the continuous deviation correction factor.

[0052] It should be noted that the synchronous anomaly amplification factor is determined by the difference in the proportion of ineffective soil mixing corresponding to single and multiple boundary violations during different adsorption periods. It is used to amplify the risk caused by the simultaneous boundary violations of multiple adsorption process deviations. The continuous deviation correction factor is determined by the correspondence between the number of deviations within a continuous time window and the proportion of blockage and ineffective soil mixing. It is used to correct the influence of the deviation duration on the adsorption deviation value.

[0053] The adsorption adjustment levels are divided according to the adsorption deviation value, and the adjustment range of adsorption negative pressure and depth limit is determined according to the adsorption adjustment level, thus forming the negative pressure and depth limit adjustment parameters.

[0054] Furthermore, the adjustment range of adsorption negative pressure and depth limit is determined according to the proximity of the adsorption deviation value within the threshold range. That is, when the adsorption deviation value does not exceed the safe adsorption threshold, the adsorption negative pressure and depth limit remain unchanged. When the adsorption deviation value is between the safe adsorption threshold and the forced correction threshold, the absolute value of the adsorption negative pressure is gradually reduced according to the degree to which the adsorption deviation value approaches the forced correction threshold, and the depth limit is slightly retreated towards the upper boundary of the active layer of the target forest topsoil. When the adsorption deviation value is between the forced correction threshold and the stop-mining threshold, the absolute value of the adsorption negative pressure is further reduced according to the degree to which the adsorption deviation value approaches the stop-mining threshold, and the depth limit is retreated to the upper part of the active layer of the target forest topsoil. When the adsorption deviation value reaches the stop-mining threshold, negative pressure adsorption is stopped and the current point exploration ends. This forms the negative pressure depth limit adjustment parameters.

[0055] It should be noted that the adsorption negative pressure refers to the pressure difference below the external atmospheric pressure formed between the adsorption port and the pipeline during adsorption collection, used to draw loose topsoil from the active layer of the target forest topsoil into the pipeline. The depth limit refers to the maximum depth to which the adsorption port can act downwards, used to limit the adsorption range to not exceeding the active layer of the target forest topsoil. The safe adsorption threshold is based on the effective topsoil ratio and the proportion of ineffective soil mixed into the active layer of the target forest topsoil, set through the correspondence between adsorption deviation values ​​and qualified collection states during continuous collection periods; an exemplary value range is 0.20 to 0.35. The forced correction threshold is based on the proportion of deep mineral soil mixed in, the increase in pipeline pressure difference, and the degree of particle impact enhancement, set through the correspondence between adsorption deviation values ​​and deviations from the collection state during continuous collection periods; an exemplary value range is 0.55 to 0.70.

[0056] Based on the negative pressure depth limit adjustment parameters, the adjustment range of the propulsion speed and backflush action is further determined to form the adsorption process adjustment parameters, and the acquisition process is continuously controlled through the adsorption process adjustment parameters.

[0057] Furthermore, the adjustment range of the propulsion speed is jointly determined by the reduction range of adsorption negative pressure and the retreat range of the depth limit in the negative pressure depth limit adjustment parameters. The greater the reduction range of adsorption negative pressure and the closer the depth limit is to the upper boundary of the active layer of the target forest topsoil, the greater the reduction range of the propulsion speed. The adjustment range of the backflushing action is determined by the pressure difference recovery requirement corresponding to the negative pressure depth limit adjustment parameters. The higher the pressure difference recovery requirement, the longer the backflushing duration and the shorter the backflushing interval. After the adsorption process adjustment parameters are formed, the adsorption process adjustment parameters are continuously applied to the current collection process, so that the adsorption port moves according to the adjusted propulsion speed, and the negative pressure adsorption and backflushing actions are executed alternately according to the adjusted rhythm. In each collection time window, the inhaled material layer determination information and the layer collection status are reread, thereby continuously correcting the current collection process.

[0058] When the adsorption deviation value reaches the stop-mining threshold and the inhaled material stratum determination information indicates that any of the warnings for the risk of deep mineral soil mixing and blockage is triggered, the stop-mining control is executed. Combined with the stratified collection status, the effective components of the target forest topsoil active stratum collection are retained, and the stratified active topsoil components are output.

[0059] Furthermore, when the stratigraphic matching status shows that the current inhaled material deviates from the target forest topsoil active layer and the impact of hard particles is enhanced, the risk of deep mineral soil mixing is determined to be triggered; when the pressure difference continues to increase and the flow rate continues to decrease, the risk of blockage is determined to be triggered. After the adsorption deviation value reaches the stop-mining threshold and meets any of the above risk triggering conditions, the negative pressure adsorption at the current point is immediately stopped and the current collection process is locked; then the target forest topsoil active layer, the collection completion ratio and the effective collection process in the stratified collection status are checked, and only the topsoil part that has completed the collection of the target forest topsoil active layer before the stop-mining and has not been marked as deviating from the collection process is retained, and the topsoil part suspected of being mixed with deep mineral soil or blockage before and after the stop-mining is removed, and finally the stratified active topsoil components are output.

[0060] It should be noted that the cessation threshold is set based on the maximum allowable proportion of ineffective soil mixing in the target forest topsoil active layer, the continuous increase in pipeline pressure differential, the continuous decrease in flow rate, and the frequency of acoustic vibration peaks of hard particles. The risk of deep mineral soil mixing refers to the risk that the adsorption and collection process, after passing through the target forest topsoil active layer, will draw in mineral soil with high sand and gravel content and low seed microbial activity from below. The blockage risk refers to the risk of a continuous increase in pressure differential and a continuous decrease in flow rate due to the accumulation of wet clay clumps, gravel, fine root entanglement, or high-moisture particles within the adsorption pipeline.

[0061] S4. Perform low-shear screening and compartmentalized preservation of the layered active topsoil components, and mark the components according to their source layer and water content to obtain the marked preserved topsoil components. Low-shear sieving was performed on the stratified active topsoil components to remove coarse particles and ineffective matter while maintaining the original stratification properties of seed-enriched components and humic microbial components, thus obtaining the initial stratified active topsoil components.

[0062] The layered active topsoil components are further fed into a low-speed flexible screen in a thin, continuous spreading manner. This allows the layered active topsoil components to be loosened and separated under slight vibration and slow rolling action, without the use of high-speed stirring and forced crushing. During the screening process, the screen inclination angle, vibration amplitude, and residence time are controlled to allow fine-grained active topsoil, seed-enriched particles, and humic microbial aggregates to pass through the screen and enter the effective component channel. Large-diameter gravel, coarse clumps, and agglomerated ineffective materials remain on the screen and are discharged. At the same time, the seed-enriched components and humic microbial components that pass through the screen retain their source stratum markers, ultimately yielding the initial-screened layered active topsoil components.

[0063] It should be noted that coarse-grained ineffective matter refers to gravel, hard soil clods, coarse branches, and foreign matter with large particle size and low seed microbial activity in the stratified active topsoil component. Seed-enriched components refer to litter debris and shallow fine-grained topsoil containing a large number of fallen seeds with germination potential in the stratified active topsoil component. Humus microbial components refer to humus topsoil with high organic matter content and enrichment of fine root aggregates and soil microorganisms in the stratified active topsoil component.

[0064] The initial-screened and layered active topsoil components were temporarily stored in thin layers according to their source layers, and the light-blocking, air-permeability, and water content stability were controlled during the storage process to obtain compartmented active topsoil components.

[0065] Furthermore, the pre-screened and stratified active topsoil components are sent to the corresponding temporary storage chambers according to their source strata. The pre-screened and stratified active topsoil components from the same source stratum are spread into a thin layer for temporary storage. In the thin layer temporary storage state, shading is used to reduce direct sunlight and temperature rise, and air exchange is maintained through breathable padding to avoid heat generation from pile pressure. Then, depending on the moisture content, atomized water replenishment or natural ventilation is used to maintain a stable moisture content. In the stable moisture content state, the source strata are kept separate to obtain the compartmented active topsoil components.

[0066] It should be noted that the source stratum refers to the specific topsoil layer in which the stratified active topsoil components were located before being adsorbed and collected in the forest topsoil, including the litter seed enrichment layer, the humic microbial layer, and the mineral transition layer. The litter seed enrichment layer refers to the uppermost layer of forest topsoil, composed of fallen leaves, branch debris, and shallow fine soil, enriched with natural litter seeds and lightweight organic particles. The humic microbial layer refers to the active topsoil layer located below the litter seed enrichment layer, with a high humus content and enriched with fine roots, aggregates, and soil microorganisms. The mineral transition layer refers to the transitional soil layer located below the humic microbial layer, where the proportion of sand and gravel gradually increases and the activity of seeds and microorganisms significantly decreases.

[0067] The source strata and aquifer status are collected, and the source strata and aquifer status are bound to the corresponding compartmentalized topsoil components to generate component marker records.

[0068] Furthermore, for each sample of topsoil for preservation in a separate compartment, the source stratum recorded in the temporary storage compartment is read, and the moisture content of the same sample of topsoil for preservation is determined using a moisture content detection method. The source stratum, moisture content, temporary storage compartment number, collection time, and topsoil component name are written together into the same marker carrier. The marker carrier is then fixed on the temporary storage container of the corresponding sample of topsoil for preservation in a separate compartment. At the same time, a one-to-one correspondence between the source stratum and moisture content and the corresponding sample of topsoil for preservation in a record table is established, generating a component marker record.

[0069] The consistency between the component marking records and the topsoil components in the compartment is checked to confirm the correspondence between the source strata and the water content of each component, and the marked topsoil components are obtained.

[0070] Furthermore, the source stratum, water content, temporary storage bin number, and topsoil component name in the component marking record are read item by item and compared with the marking carrier on the temporary storage container where the topsoil component in the compartment is located. Then, the actual storage location, stratum identification, and water content of the topsoil component in the compartment are checked to confirm that the source stratum and water content in the component marking record are consistent with the corresponding topsoil component in the compartment. If the source stratum or water content of the topsoil component in the compartment is found to be inconsistent, the collection time and temporary storage bin number are rechecked and corrected. After confirming that there are no errors, the component marking record is fixed as the basis for subsequent deep burial layer spraying and the marked topsoil component is obtained.

[0071] S5. The marked topsoil components for survival are sprayed in reverse deep burial layer according to the order from the lower structural stabilization layer to the top seed enrichment thin layer. After construction, the seedling emergence, coverage, erosion and topsoil residue status are recorded to form process feedback optimization information.

[0072] Based on the marked topsoil components for survival, the material correspondence and spraying sequence from the lower structural stabilization layer to the surface seed enrichment thin layer are determined, and a reverse deep burial layered spraying scheme is generated.

[0073] Furthermore, the source layer and water content of the marked topsoil components are read. The marked topsoil components whose source layer is a mineral transition layer and whose water content is suitable for compaction and adhesion are assigned to the lower structural stabilization layer material. The marked topsoil components whose source layer is a humus microbial layer and whose water content is suitable for root contact are assigned to the rooting and activation layer material. The marked topsoil components whose source layer is a litter seed enrichment layer and whose water content is suitable for shallow germination are assigned to the surface seed enrichment thin layer material. The marked topsoil components whose water content does not meet the construction requirements of the corresponding layer are first watered or ventilated and humidified before entering the corresponding layer material.

[0074] The layer type, material correspondence, slope zoning, and spraying thickness requirements in the anti-deep burial layered spraying scheme are read. Spraying layer numbering from low to high is assigned to the lower structure stabilization layer, rooting and activation layer, and surface seed enrichment layer, with the lower structure stabilization layer corresponding to the first spraying layer, the rooting and activation layer to the second, and the surface seed enrichment layer to the third. The spraying control logic generates a spraying task queue for each layer according to the spraying layer number, and binds each spraying task to the corresponding slope zoning, spraying path, spraying thickness, and material delivery amount. The rooting and activation layer task is released only after the lower structure stabilization layer task is completed and the adhesion judgment condition is met, and the surface seed enrichment layer task is released only after the rooting and activation layer task is completed and the coverage judgment condition is met. This forms an anti-deep burial layered spraying scheme that includes spraying layer numbering, spraying task queue, slope zoning path, and interlayer release conditions.

[0075] The roadside slope was cleaned and the base was treated according to the anti-deep burial layer spraying scheme to obtain the formed slope surface of the lower structure stabilization layer.

[0076] Furthermore, 3D point cloud data, slope images, and scour ditch identification data of the highway slope are acquired. The 3D point cloud is used to analyze the slope flatness and mark the loose soil area, unstable rock area, depression area, protrusion area, and downslope scour ditch area. Based on the marked areas, cleaning paths, base shaping paths, roughening paths, and substructure stabilization layer spraying paths are generated. The cleaning path is used to control the cleaning equipment to remove unstable surface materials. The base shaping path is used to control the equipment to complete depression filling, protrusion leveling, and lateral truncation of scour ditch. The roughening path is used to control the equipment to form a slope texture that is conducive to attachment. The substructure stabilization layer spraying path is used to control the spraying equipment to complete the formation of the substructure stabilization layer on the treated highway slope, thus obtaining a slope with a formed substructure stabilization layer.

[0077] On the slope surface formed by the lower structural stabilization layer, a rooting and activation layer and a thin layer of surface seed enrichment are sprayed according to the anti-deep burial layered spraying scheme to obtain the slope surface completed by anti-deep burial layered spraying.

[0078] Furthermore, after the slope surface of the lower structural stabilization layer reaches the adhesion judgment condition, the second spraying level task in the anti-deep burial layered spraying scheme is read. According to the corresponding slope section, spraying path, spraying thickness and material delivery amount, the rooting and activation layer material is continuously sprayed along the slope surface of the lower structural stabilization layer. The spraying speed and material delivery amount are corrected through spraying thickness feedback and coverage integrity feedback. After the rooting and activation layer reaches the coverage judgment condition, the third spraying level task is read. According to the lower spraying pressure and thinner spraying thickness, the surface seed enrichment thin layer material is covered on the rooting and activation layer surface. The spraying completion status, interlayer coverage status and material delivery status of each slope section are recorded to obtain the anti-deep burial layered spraying completed slope surface.

[0079] It should be noted that the first spraying layer task refers to spraying the lower structural stabilization layer material onto the treated highway slope surface according to the anti-deep burial layer spraying scheme, forming the shaped slope surface of the lower structural stabilization layer. The second spraying layer task refers to spraying the rooting and activation layer material onto the shaped slope surface of the lower structural stabilization layer according to the anti-deep burial layer spraying scheme, forming the near-surface activation and support layer. The third spraying layer task refers to spraying a thin layer of surface seed enrichment material onto the surface of the rooting and activation layer according to the anti-deep burial layer spraying scheme, forming the outermost seed germination layer.

[0080] After the slope surface is completed by anti-deep burial layer spraying, maintenance and regular observation are carried out, and the emergence, coverage, erosion and topsoil residue status are recorded to obtain a record of the slope recovery status.

[0081] Furthermore, the maintenance cycle is set according to the spraying thickness and material type of each slope zone in the anti-deep burial layered spraying scheme, and the frequency of atomized water replenishment is controlled according to the changes in slope water content. The number of seedlings, vegetation coverage, changes in scour gullies and topsoil shedding areas are identified based on slope images and three-dimensional point clouds. At the same time, the residual thickness and continuous coverage of the seed-rich thin layer on the surface are recorded. The seedling coverage scour and topsoil residue status are saved according to the slope zone to obtain the slope restoration status record.

[0082] It should be noted that seedling cover erosion refers to the number of seedlings germinating on the slope after reverse deep burial layered spraying, the vegetation coverage area, and the erosion gullies and substrate loss caused by rainfall or runoff. Topsoil residue refers to the thickness, continuity, and loss of the seed-rich and root-activating layers remaining on the slope after construction.

[0083] By comparing and analyzing the slope restoration status records with the anti-deep burial layered spraying scheme, the direction for adjusting the subsequent selection of topsoil adsorption layers and the order of layered spraying is determined, thus forming process feedback optimization information.

[0084] Furthermore, the slope restoration status records are compared with the spraying thickness, material correspondence, and spraying layer sequence number in the slope zoning and anti-deep burial layered spraying scheme to determine whether the actual seedling emergence, coverage, erosion, and topsoil residue status meet the restoration requirements of the corresponding slope zoning. When the number of seedlings is insufficient but the topsoil residue status is intact, the subsequent topsoil adsorption layer is selected to be increased towards the litter seed enrichment layer. When the number of seedlings is insufficient and the rooting area is weak, the subsequent topsoil adsorption layer is selected to be increased towards the humus microbial layer. When the erosion gullies increase and the topsoil residue status is discontinuous, the subsequent topsoil adsorption layer is selected to be increased towards the mineral transition layer and the lower structural stabilization layer, and the layered spraying sequence is adjusted to first strengthen the lower structural stabilization layer, then spray the rooting activation layer and the thin layer of topsoil seed enrichment. When the topsoil residue status is good and the seedling coverage meets the requirements, the selection of subsequent topsoil adsorption layers and the layered spraying sequence remain unchanged, thereby forming process feedback optimization information.

[0085] This embodiment also provides a highway roadway forest topsoil adsorption process optimization system, including: a slope topsoil identification module, which collects slope restoration working condition data and forest topsoil layer activity data in the highway roadway, and matches and identifies the topsoil layer activity to generate slope restoration demand information and forest topsoil activity profile information. The depth-limited stratified adsorption module, based on slope restoration needs and forest topsoil activity profile information, uses a depth-limited negative pressure method to adsorb forest topsoil at different active layers, and collects pipeline acoustic and vibration pressure differences and flow characteristics to form information on the layer location of the inhaled material and the stratified acquisition status. The adaptive control and extraction module calculates the adsorption deviation value using the information on the layer location of the inhaled material and the layered collection status, and adaptively adjusts the speed of the adsorption negative pressure limit depth advance and the backflush action. When either the risk of deep mineral soil mixing or the risk of blockage is triggered, it executes the stop-mining control and outputs the layered active topsoil components. The topsoil retention marking module performs low-shear screening and compartmentalized retention of the stratified active topsoil components, and marks the components according to their source strata and water content to obtain the marked retained topsoil components. The reverse deep burial spraying module sprays the marked topsoil components in layers according to the order from the lower structural stabilization layer to the top seed enrichment layer. After construction, it records the seedling emergence, coverage, erosion, and topsoil residue status to generate process feedback optimization information.

[0086] In summary, this invention achieves adaptive adjustment of adsorption negative pressure, limited depth, propulsion speed, and backflushing action by: performing depth-limited negative pressure stratified adsorption based on slope restoration needs and forest topsoil activity profile information, and calculating adsorption deviation values ​​by combining pipeline acoustic and vibration pressure differences and flow characteristics; thereby controlling the risks of deep mineral soil mixing and blockage; and by using reverse deep burial stratified spraying of marked revitalized topsoil components to form process feedback optimization information, thereby improving the utilization accuracy of stratified active topsoil components and the adaptability of slope restoration.

[0087] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optimized method for adsorption of topsoil in highway forest areas, characterized in that, include: Data on slope restoration conditions and forest topsoil activity were collected from the highway area. Topsoil activity was matched and identified to generate slope restoration demand information and forest topsoil activity profile information. Based on the slope restoration needs and forest topsoil activity profile information, a depth-limited negative pressure method was used to perform stratified adsorption of forest topsoil at different active layers, and the acoustic vibration pressure difference and flow characteristics of the pipeline were collected to form information on the layer determination of the inhaled material and the stratified collection status. The adsorption deviation value is calculated using the information on the stratigraphic position of the inhaled material and the stratified collection status. The speed of the adsorption negative pressure limit depth advance and the backflush action are adaptively adjusted. When either the risk of deep mineral soil mixing or the risk of blockage is triggered, the mining stop control is executed, and the stratified active topsoil components are output. The layered active topsoil components were subjected to low-shear sieving and compartmentalized preservation, and the components were marked according to their source layer and water content to obtain the marked preserved topsoil components. The marked topsoil components were sprayed in reverse deep burial layer by layer in the order from the lower structural stabilization layer to the top seed enrichment layer. After construction, the seedling emergence, coverage, erosion and topsoil residue were recorded to form process feedback optimization information. The process involves spraying the labeled topsoil components in a layered manner, from the underlying structural stabilization layer to the seed-rich thin layer, in a reverse deep-buried manner. After construction, the emergence, coverage, erosion, and topsoil residue status are recorded to generate process feedback and optimization information. The steps are as follows: Based on the marked topsoil components for survival preservation, the material correspondence and spraying sequence from the lower structural stabilization layer to the surface seed enrichment thin layer are determined, and a reverse deep burial layered spraying scheme is generated. The roadside slope was cleaned and the base was treated according to the anti-deep burial layered spraying scheme to obtain the formed slope of the lower structure stabilization layer. On the slope surface formed by the lower structural stabilization layer, a rooting and activation layer and a thin layer of surface seed enrichment are sprayed according to the anti-deep burial layered spraying scheme to obtain the anti-deep burial layered spraying completed slope surface. After the slope surface is completed by anti-deep burial layer spraying, maintenance and regular observation are carried out, and the emergence, coverage, erosion and topsoil residue status are recorded to obtain a record of the slope recovery status. By comparing and analyzing the slope restoration status records with the anti-deep burial layered spraying scheme, the direction for adjusting the subsequent selection of topsoil adsorption layers and the order of layered spraying is determined, thus forming process feedback optimization information.

2. The method for optimizing the topsoil adsorption process in highway forest areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The slope repair data includes the slope and aspect of the highway slope, the degree of exposure and damage, the risk of erosion, the water content and the scope of construction. The forest topsoil activity data includes seed enrichment, humus content, microbial activity, water content, and risk of mineral soil contamination in different topsoil layers.

3. The method for optimizing the topsoil adsorption process in highway forest areas as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for matching and identifying the activity of topsoil layers to generate slope restoration demand information and forest topsoil activity profile information are as follows: Based on the slope repair work data, the slope damage status and slope recovery requirements are determined to obtain initial information on slope repair needs; Based on the activity data of forest topsoil layers, the ecological activity and risk of mineral soil incorporation of different forest topsoil layers are identified, and initial profile information of forest topsoil activity is obtained. The initial information on slope restoration needs is matched and identified with the initial profile information of forest topsoil activity to determine the adsorbable forest topsoil layer corresponding to the slope restoration requirements, thereby generating slope restoration needs information and forest topsoil activity profile information.

4. The method for optimizing the topsoil adsorption process in highway forest areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method of using a depth-limited negative pressure to perform stratified adsorption on forest topsoil at different active layers, and collecting pipeline acoustic vibration pressure difference and flow characteristics, is described in the following steps: Based on the correspondence between slope restoration needs and forest topsoil active profile information, the adsorption sequence and adsorption depth of the required forest topsoil active layer at each restoration location are determined. Shallow adsorption is carried out at the corresponding forest topsoil active layer using a depth-limited negative pressure method, and the adsorption depth and collection progress are recorded simultaneously to generate stratified adsorption execution information. Continuously acquire changes in particle impact sound, pressure difference, and flow rate within the pipeline to form the characteristics of pipeline acoustic vibration, pressure difference, and flow rate.

5. The method for optimizing the topsoil adsorption process in highway forest areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive adjustment of the adsorption negative pressure limit depth advance speed and backflushing action, and the execution of stop-mining control when either the risk of deep mineral soil mixing or the risk of blockage is triggered, outputting the stratified active topsoil components, are as follows: The inhaled material layer determination information is compared with the layered acquisition status to extract the deviation characteristics of the adsorption process and calculate the adsorption deviation value. The adsorption adjustment levels are divided according to the adsorption deviation value, and the adjustment range of adsorption negative pressure and depth limit is determined according to the adsorption adjustment level to form negative pressure and depth limit adjustment parameters. Based on the negative pressure depth limit adjustment parameters, the adjustment range of the propulsion speed and backflush action is further determined to form the adsorption process adjustment parameters, and the acquisition process is continuously controlled through the adsorption process adjustment parameters. When the adsorption deviation value reaches the stop-mining threshold and the inhaled material stratum determination information indicates that any of the warnings for the risk of deep mineral soil mixing and blockage is triggered, the stop-mining control is executed. Combined with the stratified collection status, the effective components of the target forest topsoil active stratum collection are retained, and the stratified active topsoil components are output.

6. The method for optimizing the topsoil adsorption process in highway forest areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for low-shear sieving and compartmentalized retention of the stratified active topsoil components are as follows: Low-shear sieving was performed on the stratified active topsoil components to remove coarse particles and ineffective matter while maintaining the original stratification properties of seed-enriched components and humic microbial components, thus obtaining the initial stratified active topsoil components. The initial-screened and layered active topsoil components were temporarily stored in thin layers according to their source layers, and the light-blocking, air-permeability, and water content stability were controlled during the storage process to obtain compartmented active topsoil components.

7. The method for optimizing the topsoil adsorption process in highway forest areas as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The steps for identifying components according to their source strata and aquifer state to obtain the labeled revitalized topsoil components are as follows: The source strata and aquifer status are collected, and the source strata and aquifer status are bound to the corresponding compartmentalized topsoil components to generate component marker records; The consistency between the component marking records and the topsoil components in the compartment is checked to confirm the correspondence between the source strata and the water content of each component, and the marked topsoil components are obtained.

8. A system for optimizing the adsorption process of topsoil in highway forests, based on the method for optimizing the adsorption process of topsoil in highway forests according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, include: The slope topsoil identification module collects slope restoration condition data and forest topsoil activity data in the highway area, and matches and identifies the topsoil activity to generate slope restoration demand information and forest topsoil activity profile information. The depth-limited stratified adsorption module, based on slope restoration needs and forest topsoil activity profile information, uses a depth-limited negative pressure method to adsorb forest topsoil at different active layers, and collects pipeline acoustic and vibration pressure differences and flow characteristics to form information on the layer location of the inhaled material and the stratified acquisition status. The adaptive control and extraction module calculates the adsorption deviation value using the information on the layer location of the inhaled material and the layered collection status, and adaptively adjusts the speed of the adsorption negative pressure limit depth advance and the backflush action. When either the risk of deep mineral soil mixing or the risk of blockage is triggered, it executes the stop-mining control and outputs the layered active topsoil components. The topsoil retention marking module performs low-shear screening and compartmentalized retention of the stratified active topsoil components, and marks the components according to their source strata and water content to obtain the marked retained topsoil components. The reverse deep burial spraying module sprays the marked topsoil components in layers according to the order from the lower structural stabilization layer to the top seed enrichment layer. After construction, it records the seedling emergence, coverage, erosion, and topsoil residue status to generate process feedback optimization information.

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