A method and system for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs

Abstract

This invention presents a method and system for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs, belonging to the field of urban ecological planning technology. It constructs an evaluation index system from three dimensions: ecological services, social services, and landscape perception, determining the weights, grading standards, and scoring rules for each index. Data on each index of the green spaces to be evaluated are collected, and weighted summations are performed to calculate the evaluation scores for each of the three functional dimensions. The functional scores of all green spaces to be evaluated are ranked to determine their position, and the dominance of each function is calculated and mapped to a triangular model to determine the dominant functional type of the green space. Based on the evaluation scores of the three functional dimensions, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) value is calculated to quantify the level of balanced development among the functions. This invention comprehensively considers the ecological, social, and landscape perception functions of green spaces, effectively identifying the dominant functional types and functional shortcomings of green spaces, and providing a scientific basis for the multi-functional synergistic optimization and classified policy implementation of urban green spaces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of urban ecological planning technology, and mainly to a method for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs. Background Technology

[0002] Urban green spaces are an important component of the urban ecosystem, serving multiple functions including environmental regulation, ecological improvement, recreation, cultural education, and enhancing the living experience. As urban development shifts from incremental expansion to improving the quality of existing green spaces, the quality evaluation and functional optimization of urban green spaces have become key issues in urban renewal and the improvement of the living environment. How to scientifically and comprehensively evaluate the overall effectiveness of urban green spaces and identify the functional shortcomings and synergistic potential of different green spaces is a fundamental prerequisite for achieving precise management and quality improvement of urban green spaces.

[0003] Currently, the evaluation of urban green space quality suffers from two main shortcomings. Firstly, existing evaluation methods largely focus on monitoring and determining the compliance of objective physical indicators (such as green coverage rate, per capita park green space area, and plant diversity index), paying less attention to subjective dimensions such as users' physiological comfort, psychological perception, and spiritual experience. This makes it difficult to comprehensively reflect the service quality of urban green spaces as residential and recreational spaces. Secondly, urban green spaces possess distinct multifunctional attributes. While there is potential for synergistic effects among their diverse functions, such as ecological support, social services, and landscape experience, they also frequently face trade-offs due to resource allocation conflicts. Existing evaluation methods often use a single dimension or simple weighting for comprehensive evaluation, lacking a systematic quantitative analysis framework for the linkages and trade-off mechanisms between various functions. This makes it difficult to effectively guide the coordinated optimization of the multiple functions of urban green spaces.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive evaluation method for urban green space that can take into account ecological, social and landscape perception functions, and can quantitatively assess the balance and synergy among these three functions. This method would break through the limitations of traditional single-dimensional evaluation and provide a scientific basis for the functional identification, deficiency diagnosis and classification of urban green space. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems in existing technologies, this application provides a method and system for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs.

[0006] The technical solution of this application is as follows: On the one hand, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs, the method comprising: Establish an evaluation index system with three functional dimensions: ecosystem services, social services, and landscape perception; determine the weight, grading standards, and scoring rules for each index in the evaluation index system. Collect data on various indicators of the urban green space to be evaluated, and perform weighted summation according to the scoring rules and weights to calculate the ecological service score, social service score and landscape perception score respectively; The ecological service scores, social service scores, and landscape perception scores of all green spaces to be evaluated are arranged in descending order to determine the ranking of each green space in each functional dimension. Based on the ranking and the total number of green spaces participating in the evaluation, the dominance of each green space in each functional dimension is calculated, and the dominance values ​​are mapped to a triangular model. The dominant functional type of the corresponding green space is determined based on the landing area. The root mean square deviation of functions for the green space to be evaluated is calculated based on the ecological service score, social service score, and landscape perception score. The direction of functional shortcomings of the green space to be evaluated is determined according to the dominant functional type. The degree of imbalance of the green space to be evaluated is determined according to the root mean square deviation of functions. The dominant functional type, direction of shortcomings, and degree of imbalance are output as the evaluation results of the green space to be evaluated.

[0007] Preferably, the indicators for the ecosystem service dimension include the total suspended particulate matter concentration obtained through air monitoring equipment, the comprehensive runoff control rate calculated based on the underlying surface type and storage capacity, and the proportion of native woody plants obtained through field surveys.

[0008] Preferably, the indicators for the social services dimension include residents' satisfaction with recreational facilities and residents' satisfaction with science popularization and education, obtained through questionnaires.

[0009] Preferably, the indicators for the landscape perception dimension include the beauty index obtained through subjective evaluation experiments, the sound level monitored by a sound level meter and the sound source category determined by the investigators, the olfactory environment category determined by the investigators, and the temperature drop index or the trail shading rate index calculated through temperature monitoring.

[0010] Preferably, the steps for calculating dominance include: Multiply the ratio of the target green space's ranking in any functional dimension to the total number of green spaces participating in the evaluation by 100, and then divide by the sum of the values ​​for that item in the three functional dimensions to obtain the dominance of that function. Preferably, the step of determining the dominant function type is as follows: when the dominance of any function is greater than the sum of the dominance of the other two functions, it is determined to be a single-function dominance type; otherwise, it is a comprehensive coordination type.

[0011] Preferably, the calculation steps for the root mean square deviation value are as follows: take the difference between the three function scores and the average of the three as the deviation amount, calculate the square root of the sum of the squares of each deviation amount divided by the total number of functions minus one, and the resulting single value is the root mean square deviation value.

[0012] On the other hand, the present invention provides a comprehensive performance evaluation system for urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs, the system comprising: The indicator system construction module is used to establish an evaluation indicator system for three functional dimensions: ecosystem services, social services, and landscape perception. It determines the weight, grading standards, and scoring rules for each indicator in the evaluation indicator system. The functional score calculation module is used to collect data on various indicators of the urban green space to be evaluated, and perform weighted summation according to the scoring rules and weights to calculate the ecological service score, social service score and landscape perception score respectively. The functional ranking module is used to sort the ecological service scores, social service scores, and landscape perception scores of all green spaces to be evaluated in descending order, and determine the ranking of each green space in each functional dimension. The dominant function determination module is used to calculate the dominance of each green space in each functional dimension based on its ranking and the total number of green spaces participating in the evaluation, and to map the dominance value to a triangular model to determine the dominant function type of the corresponding green space based on the landing area. The balanced assessment results module is used to calculate the root mean square deviation of functions for the green space to be evaluated based on the ecological service score, social service score, and landscape perception score; determine the direction of functional shortcomings of the green space to be evaluated based on the dominant function type; determine the degree of imbalance of the green space to be evaluated based on the root mean square deviation of functions; and output the dominant function type, direction of shortcomings, and degree of imbalance as the evaluation results of the green space to be evaluated.

[0013] In another aspect, the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement a method for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs as described in the present invention.

[0014] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements a method for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs as described in the present invention.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention provides a method and system for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs. By constructing an evaluation index system covering three functional dimensions—ecological services, social services, and landscape perception—it incorporates the multi-sensory experience of users into the evaluation framework, thereby achieving a multi-dimensional and systematic quantitative evaluation of the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces and making up for the shortcomings of traditional evaluation methods that do not pay enough attention to the physiological and psychological perception of the public. 2. This invention provides a method and system for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs. By sorting the evaluation scores of each green space on three functional dimensions and calculating the dominance of each function, the dominance values ​​are then mapped to a triangular model to determine whether each green space is ecologically service-oriented, socially service-oriented, landscape-creating-oriented, or comprehensively coordinated. This achieves automatic identification and visual discrimination of the dominant functional type of urban green spaces, effectively solving the problems of ambiguous functional positioning and difficulty in objectively determining the dominant type in existing methods. 3. This invention provides a method and system for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs. By introducing root mean square deviation to quantify the balance between the three functions based on the triangular model judgment results, the dominant function type and the degree of functional imbalance are combined to form a comprehensive evaluation result. This enables the accurate diagnosis of the functional shortcomings of urban green spaces and the quantitative assessment of the level of coordinated development, providing a clear technical path and decision-making basis for green space classification and quality improvement. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method corresponding to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the triangular model in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] It should be understood that the step numbers used in the text are for ease of description only and are not intended to limit the order in which the steps are performed.

[0019] It should be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0020] The terms “comprising” and “including” indicate the presence of the described feature, whole, step, operation, element and / or component, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0021] The term “and / or” refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items, as well as all possible combinations, and includes these combinations.

[0022] Example 1: This embodiment provides a method for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: S1. Establish an evaluation index system encompassing three functional dimensions: ecosystem services, social services, and landscape perception. Determine the weights, grading standards, and scoring rules for each indicator within the evaluation index system, including: The comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces depends on the synergistic performance of their diverse functions. Based on the essential attributes of urban green spaces, their functions can be summarized into three dimensions: first, the ecological service dimension, which reflects the systematic support role of green spaces for the urban ecological environment; second, the social service dimension, which reflects the ability of green spaces to meet the public's needs for leisure, recreation, and education; and third, the landscape perception dimension, which reflects users' multi-sensory experience of the quality of the green space environment. These three dimensions correspond to the ecological foundation function, social service function, and human living experience function of green spaces, respectively, and together constitute a complete framework for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces. Based on the functional framework of the above three dimensions, the evaluation index system established in this embodiment is shown in Table 1: Table 1. Evaluation Indicators, Grade Classifications, and Weights for Urban Green Space Quality

[0023] The criteria for determining the grade thresholds for each indicator in Table 1 are as follows: The total suspended particulate matter concentration was determined according to the annual average limit for Class II concentration in the "Ambient Air Quality Standard" (GB 3095-2012); the sound level was determined according to the daytime limit for Class II acoustic environmental functional areas in the "Environmental Noise Quality Standard" (GB 3096-2008); the temperature drop was determined according to the classification standard of green space cold island effect in urban thermal environment research (≥4℃ is a strong cold island, 3~4℃ is a moderate cold island, 2.5~3℃ is a weak cold island, and <2.5℃ is no significant cold island effect); the beauty threshold was based on the classification convention of the SBE method in this field; the thresholds of other indicators were determined according to industry technical specifications and common knowledge in this field. The weights of the above indicators were determined using the group decision-making method. Specifically, in this embodiment, 10 experts in urban ecology, landscape architecture, environmental psychology and other fields were invited to score the importance of each indicator. After collecting the scoring results, the arithmetic mean of the weights of each indicator was calculated, and the consistency of the expert scores was tested using Kendall's coefficient of harmony (W=0.85, p<0.01 in this embodiment), indicating that the expert opinions have good consistency. Furthermore, the selection criteria and acquisition methods for each dimension's indicators are explained: S11. The ecosystem service dimension characterizes the systematic regulation and maintenance capacity of urban green spaces for the urban ecological environment, including three sub-dimensions: air purification, hydrological regulation, and biological protection. Total suspended particulate matter (TSP) concentration is a direct indicator of the ability of green spaces to retain atmospheric particulate matter. Vegetation canopies effectively reduce the concentration of suspended particulate matter in the air through interception, adsorption, and sedimentation; therefore, TSP concentration can quantitatively reflect the air purification efficiency of green spaces. The comprehensive runoff control rate (i.e., annual runoff volume control rate) characterizes the ability of green spaces to regulate and store rainfall runoff, reflecting the hydrological regulation efficiency of the green space's sponge function. The proportion of native woody plants reflects the supporting role of green spaces in local biodiversity. Native woody plants have formed a long-term co-evolutionary ecological relationship with native insects, birds, and other wild animals; the higher their proportion, the stronger the biological habitat function of the green space. Therefore, the indicators of the ecosystem service dimension in this embodiment include the total suspended particulate matter concentration obtained through air monitoring equipment, the annual runoff volume control rate calculated according to the volumetric method in the "Technical Guidelines for the Construction of Urban Sponge Cities," and the proportion of native woody plants obtained through field surveys. S111. The total suspended particulate matter concentration was obtained by synchronous monitoring at multiple points within the green space using a portable air quality monitor. The monitoring points were arranged in a 50m×50m grid. The monitoring period was selected from 8:00 to 18:00 on a sunny summer day. The arithmetic mean of the data from each monitoring point was taken as the TSP concentration value of the green space. S112. The comprehensive runoff control rate is calculated based on the fitting relationship between the design rainfall and the annual runoff volume control rate as specified in the "Technical Guidelines for the Construction of Sponge Cities in Cities". The specific fitting coefficient is determined by nonlinear regression based on the daily rainfall data of the project location over the past 30 years. The calculation method is a well-known technology in this field and will not be described in detail in this embodiment. S113. The calculation steps for the proportion of local woody plants include: Within the green space, at least five 10m × 10m quadrats were set up according to the principle of uniform distribution. The species and number of all woody plants in each quadrat were recorded, distinguishing between native and introduced species. Based on the recorded results, the proportion of native woody plants was calculated and expressed by the formula: ; In the formula, The percentage of native woody plants; This represents the number of native woody plant species within the quadrat. This represents the total number of woody plant species within the quadrat. S12. The social service dimension characterizes the function of urban green spaces in providing recreational and educational services to the public. It includes two sub-dimensions: recreational and science education. These correspond to the physical rest and spiritual cultivation functions of green spaces, respectively. Satisfaction with recreational facilities (bench, fitness equipment, children's playgrounds, walking trails, etc.) reflects the ability of green spaces to meet the public's daily leisure needs. Satisfaction with science education facilities (signage, science display boards, guide systems, etc.) reflects the effectiveness of green spaces in fulfilling their nature education function. Therefore, in this embodiment, the indicators for the social service dimension include residents' satisfaction with recreational facilities and residents' satisfaction with science education, obtained through questionnaires. The questionnaire survey used a Likert scale design, with scores ranging from 1 to 10. The standardized requirements for conducting the questionnaire survey included: (1) The sample size shall be no less than 30 valid questionnaires; (2) Stratified random sampling shall be used for sampling, and the samples shall be evenly distributed according to different time periods and different entrances and exits; (3) The survey subjects shall be the public aged 18 or above who stay in the green space for no less than 15 minutes; (4) The scores of each indicator shall be the arithmetic mean of all valid questionnaires. S13. The landscape perception dimension characterizes the user's multi-sensory experience of the green space environment quality, including four sub-dimensions: thermal comfort, visual, sound, and olfactory. Among these, the temperature reduction reflects the green space's improvement effect on the microclimate, directly affecting the user's thermal comfort perception and being the most direct physical measure of the thermal comfort dimension; the beauty of the scenery reflects the user's visual aesthetic experience and is the core characterization of the green space landscape quality; sound level and sound source category represent the sound environment quality of the green space; excessively high sound pressure levels and unfavorable sound source composition (such as traffic noise) will reduce the user's auditory comfort; the olfactory environment category reflects the olfactory-related dimension of the green space's air quality. The pleasant scent created by aromatic plants helps enhance the user's positive emotional experience of the landscape. Therefore, in this embodiment, the indicators of the perception dimension include the beauty of the scenery index obtained through subjective evaluation experiments, the sound level index monitored by a sound level meter and the sound source category index determined by investigators, the olfactory environment category index determined by investigators, and the temperature reduction index or walkway shading rate index calculated through temperature monitoring. S131. Within green spaces experiencing high summer temperatures (daily maximum temperature ≥ 35℃), at least 5 temperature monitoring points shall be set up using a grid method. Simultaneously, at least 5 control monitoring points shall be set up along the main streets surrounding the green spaces. Each monitoring point shall use the same model of temperature and humidity recorder to synchronously record the air temperature between 13:00 and 15:00. The cooling rate shall be calculated based on the recorded air temperature, expressed by the formula: ; In the formula, This refers to the temperature drop. The first of the surrounding main streets Temperature at each monitoring point; For the target green space Temperature at each monitoring point; This refers to the number of temperature monitoring stations on the street. The number of temperature monitoring points in the target green space; S132. The scenic beauty score is obtained using the SBE method, including: Select no fewer than 10 representative landscape viewpoints within the target green space and take landscape photos using the same type of camera between 9:00 and 11:00 AM on a sunny day; recruit no fewer than 30 evaluators with backgrounds in landscape architecture or related fields to score all photos on a scale of 1 to 10 under the same display equipment and ambient lighting conditions, and standardize the scoring results. Since standardization is a standard procedure in this field, it will not be elaborated here. S133. Sound levels are monitored using calibrated sound level meters, with monitoring points arranged in a 100m × 100m grid. Each monitoring point is continuously monitored for no less than 30 minutes, and the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound level is recorded. Take samples from each monitoring point The arithmetic mean of the values ​​is used as the sound level value for the green space; The sound source category is determined by recording the types of sound sources and their durations during each monitoring period by no fewer than two investigators. The sound source type with the longest cumulative duration is identified as the main sound source category at that monitoring point. Preferably, if the cumulative duration of traffic noise or construction noise in the same green space exceeds 20% of the total monitoring time, the noise source category of the green space is directly determined to be poor. S134. The steps for obtaining the olfactory environment category include: An observation point was set up every 200m along the main trail in the green space. No fewer than two investigators recorded the olfactory information under weather conditions with no rainfall and wind force less than level 3. The records included: whether there were known sources of odor (such as garbage collection points, sewage treatment facilities, large catering exhaust vents, etc.) and their distance from the boundary of the green space, as well as the types and coverage area of ​​aromatic plants. Preferably, if there is a known source of foul odor within 50m outside the boundary of the green space, or if there is a persistent negative odor within the green space, the olfactory environment category is directly determined to be poor. S14. The weights of the indicators can be determined by objective weighting method, subjective weighting method alone or in combination. In this embodiment, the group decision method in the subjective weighting method is adopted, taking into account the opinions of multiple experts. Furthermore, the evaluation level of the indicators is divided into four levels: "excellent", "good", "qualified" and "poor", with the scoring range of each level being 10, (6, 10), 6, and 0, respectively. It should be noted that the above-mentioned indicator types, grading standards and weight allocation are only one specific implementation method of this embodiment. Based on the same three-dimensional functional evaluation framework, those skilled in the art can make adaptive adjustments to the indicator system according to different evaluation needs, which are all equivalent implementation methods of this invention.

[0024] S2. Collect data on various indicators of the urban green space to be evaluated, and perform weighted summation according to the scoring rules and weights to calculate the ecological service score, social service score, and landscape perception score, expressed by the following formula: ; In the formula, For urban green space Evaluation scores for each function (ecological services, social services, or landscape perception); For the first The first item under the function Scoring of each indicator; For the first The first item under the function The weight of each indicator; In this embodiment, 10 urban green spaces (numbered 1#-10#) in a certain city are selected as the evaluation objects. Data for each indicator are collected, and scores are assigned to each indicator according to the scoring rules in Table 1. The scoring results are shown in Table 2. Then, the ecological service score, social service score, and landscape perception score of each green space are calculated by weighted summation according to the formula in step S2. The calculation results are shown in Table 3. Table 2 Scoring Results of Urban Green Space Ecological Services, Social Services, and Landscape Perception

[0025] Table 3 Evaluation Scores for Ecological Services, Social Services, and Landscape Perception of Urban Green Spaces

[0026] S3. Arrange the ecological service scores, social service scores, and landscape perception scores of all green spaces to be evaluated in descending order to determine the ranking of each green space in each functional dimension. In this embodiment, the scores of the three functions of the 10 green spaces are arranged in descending order, and the ranking of each function of each green space in all green spaces to be evaluated is recorded (the smaller the ranking, the higher the level of the function).

[0027] S4. Based on the ranking and the total number of green spaces participating in the evaluation, calculate the dominance of each green space in each functional dimension, and map the dominance values ​​to a triangular model. Determine the dominant functional type of the corresponding green space based on the landing area, where: The dominance is expressed by the formula: ; In the formula, For urban green space The advantages of this feature; The first target green space The ranking of each function among all green spaces to be evaluated, arranged in descending order of functional level; This represents the total number of urban green space samples participating in this assessment. In this embodiment The dominance calculation results for each green space are shown in Table 4: Table 4. Advantages of Urban Green Space in Ecological Services, Social Services, and Landscape Perception

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, based on a triangular trade-off synergy model of ecological services, social services, and landscape creation, the dominance values ​​of each green space are mapped to a triangular coordinate system. The triangular model is an equilateral triangle with three functional dimensions as coordinate axes. The position of any green space within the triangle is determined by (…). , , The three points are uniquely defined: when the indices are 1, they represent the ecological service function; when the indices are 2, they represent the social service function; and when the indices are 3, they represent the landscape creation function. The sum of the coordinates of the three points is always equal to 1, and the position of the point directly reflects the relative strength of the three functions. Furthermore, the rules for determining the dominant function type are as follows: When the dominance of any one function is greater than the sum of the dominance of the other two functions (i.e.) If the percentage of advantages in any of the functions exceeds 50%, it is classified as a single-function advantage type, specifically including ecological service advantage type, social service advantage type, and landscape creation advantage type; conversely, if the percentage of advantages in any of the functions does not exceed 50%, it is classified as a comprehensive coordination type. According to the aforementioned judgment rules, in this embodiment, Green Space #8 (ecological service advantage degree 66.67%) is judged as ecological service advantage type; Green Space #7 (landscape creation advantage degree 66.67%) is judged as landscape creation advantage type; Green Spaces #9 and #10 (social service advantage degrees 54.55% and 54.55% respectively) are judged as social service advantage type; the remaining Green Spaces #1-#6 do not have any advantage degree exceeding 50%, and are judged as comprehensive coordination type.

[0029] S5. Calculate the root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the function of the green space to be evaluated based on the ecological service score, social service score, and landscape perception score; determine the direction of the functional shortcomings of the green space to be evaluated according to the dominant function type; determine the degree of imbalance of the green space to be evaluated according to the RMSD; and output the dominant function type, the direction of the shortcomings, and the degree of imbalance as the evaluation results of the green space to be evaluated. Specifically: The root mean square deviation of function (RMSD) is expressed by the formula: ; In the formula, For urban green space Evaluation score for each function; The average of all function evaluation scores; Number of functions (in this embodiment) =3), the higher the RMSD value, the worse the level of balanced development of the three functions and the stronger the trade-off between functions; the lower the RMSD value, the higher the degree of synergy among the three functions. In this embodiment, the RMSD values ​​of each green space are calculated as shown in Table 5: Table 5 RMSD values ​​of urban green spaces

[0030] Based on the dominant functional type determination results of the triangular model in Table 4 and the RMSD values ​​in Table 5, the evaluation results for each green space are output comprehensively: The RMSD values ​​of Green Spaces 1#, 5#, and 6# are low (all 0.183), indicating good synergy among the three functions. However, the evaluation scores for all three functional dimensions are at a low level, classifying them as low-level balanced. It is recommended to increase the construction efforts in each functional dimension to achieve overall improvement. The RMSD value of Green Space #2 is relatively high (0.796), the ecological service advantage is relatively high (45%), and the social service is significantly low (20%). It is recommended to focus on improving the social service functions such as leisure and recreation and popular science education. The RMSD values ​​of Green Spaces #3 and #4 are 0.365 and 0.316, respectively, which are considered moderately unbalanced. Green Space #4 has a stronger ecological service and a weaker social service, and it is recommended to make appropriate efforts to address the shortcomings in social services. The RMSD value of Green Space #7 is relatively high (0.837), indicating an advantage in landscape perception, but significant shortcomings in ecological and social services. It is recommended to strengthen the construction of ecological and social functions while maintaining the advantages in landscape perception. The RMSD value of Green Space #8 is relatively high (0.837), indicating an advantage in ecological services, but a significant weakness in landscape perception. It is recommended to focus on strengthening the construction of landscape perception functions. The RMSD values ​​of Green Spaces #9 and #10 are relatively high (0.796 and 0.658 respectively), both indicating advantages in social services. However, Green Space #9 has a significant weakness in ecological services, while Green Space #10 has a weakness in landscape perception. It is recommended that each of these weaknesses be precisely addressed and improved.

[0031] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROMs) containing computer-usable program code. The form of a computer program product implemented on ROM, optical memory, etc.

[0033] It is understood that the present invention has been described through some embodiments, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Furthermore, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs, characterized in that, The method includes: Establish an evaluation index system with three functional dimensions: ecosystem services, social services, and landscape perception; determine the weight, grading standards, and scoring rules for each index in the evaluation index system. Collect data on various indicators of the urban green space to be evaluated, and perform weighted summation according to the scoring rules and weights to calculate the ecological service score, social service score and landscape perception score respectively; The ecological service scores, social service scores, and landscape perception scores of all green spaces to be evaluated are arranged in descending order to determine the ranking of each green space in each functional dimension. Based on the ranking and the total number of green spaces participating in the evaluation, the dominance of each green space in each functional dimension is calculated, and the dominance values ​​are mapped to a triangular model. The dominant functional type of the corresponding green space is determined based on the landing area. The root mean square deviation of functions for the green space to be evaluated is calculated based on the ecological service score, social service score, and landscape perception score. The direction of functional shortcomings of the green space to be evaluated is determined according to the dominant functional type. The degree of imbalance of the green space to be evaluated is determined according to the root mean square deviation of functions. The dominant functional type, direction of shortcomings, and degree of imbalance are output as the evaluation results of the green space to be evaluated.

2. The method for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The indicators for the ecosystem service dimension include the total suspended particulate matter concentration obtained through air monitoring equipment, the comprehensive runoff control rate calculated based on the underlying surface type and storage capacity, and the proportion of native woody plants obtained through field surveys.

3. The method for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The indicators for the social services dimension include residents' satisfaction with recreational facilities and residents' satisfaction with science popularization and education, obtained through questionnaires.

4. The method for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The indicators for the landscape perception dimension include the beauty index obtained through subjective evaluation experiments, the sound level monitored by sound level meters and the sound source category determined by investigators, the olfactory environment category determined by investigators, and the temperature drop index or trail shading rate index calculated through temperature monitoring.

5. The method for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for calculating dominance include: Multiply the ratio of the target green space's ranking in any functional dimension to the total number of green spaces participating in the evaluation by 100, and then divide by the sum of the values ​​for that item in the three functional dimensions to obtain the dominance of that function.

6. The method for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steps to determine the dominant function type are as follows: when the dominance of any one function is greater than the sum of the dominance of the other two functions, it is determined to be a single-function dominance type; otherwise, it is a comprehensive coordination type.

7. The method for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for calculating the root mean square deviation value are as follows: take the difference between the three function scores and the average of the three as the deviation amount, calculate the square root of the sum of the squares of each deviation amount divided by the total number of functions minus one, and the resulting single value is the root mean square deviation value.

8. A comprehensive performance evaluation system for urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs, characterized in that, The system includes: The indicator system construction module is used to establish an evaluation indicator system for three functional dimensions: ecosystem services, social services, and landscape perception. It determines the weight, grading standards, and scoring rules for each indicator in the evaluation indicator system. The functional score calculation module is used to collect data on various indicators of the urban green space to be evaluated, and perform weighted summation according to the scoring rules and weights to calculate the ecological service score, social service score and landscape perception score respectively. The functional ranking module is used to sort the ecological service scores, social service scores, and landscape perception scores of all green spaces to be evaluated in descending order, and determine the ranking of each green space in each functional dimension. The dominant function determination module is used to calculate the dominance of each green space in each functional dimension based on its ranking and the total number of green spaces participating in the evaluation, and to map the dominance value to a triangular model to determine the dominant function type of the corresponding green space based on the landing area. The balanced assessment results module is used to calculate the root mean square deviation of functions for the green space to be evaluated based on the ecological service score, social service score, and landscape perception score; determine the direction of functional shortcomings of the green space to be evaluated based on the dominant function type; determine the degree of imbalance of the green space to be evaluated based on the root mean square deviation of functions; and output the dominant function type, direction of shortcomings, and degree of imbalance as the evaluation results of the green space to be evaluated.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements a method for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by the processor, the program implements a method for evaluating the comprehensive effectiveness of urban green spaces based on functional trade-offs as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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