An ecological assessment method, apparatus, equipment, and medium based on photovoltaic systems

Abstract

This invention provides an ecological assessment method, apparatus, equipment, and medium based on photovoltaic (PV) systems. The method includes: acquiring meteorological data, PV parameters, carbon dioxide concentration, total solar radiation, and atmospheric longwave back radiation for a predetermined PV space over a predetermined time period; and determining, based on the acquired data, ecological indicators for assessing the PV system using a predetermined PV physical field model, a predetermined photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, a predetermined hydrothermal balance coupling model, and a predetermined carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model, and further determining these indicators based on shading intensity, wind speed reduction, local temperature change, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass. This invention, specifically targeting the PV system scenario, integrates and quantifies the PV ecology of photosynthesis, carbon-nitrogen cycle, and hydrothermal transport, providing a traceable and referable basis for ecological governance of PV projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of information processing technology, and also to an ecological assessment method, apparatus, equipment and medium based on photovoltaic systems. Background Technology

[0002] With the development and operation of photovoltaic projects in desertified areas in recent years, ecological restoration of photovoltaic projects has become increasingly important. The photovoltaic facilities of these projects create a microclimate, which alters local ecological factors (wind speed, air humidity, air temperature, etc.). Furthermore, the local water evaporation, humidity, and radiation effects caused by the microclimate contribute to ecological restoration, particularly vegetation restoration. Photovoltaic facilities also alter surface energy distribution, water distribution, and wind patterns, impacting vegetation restoration, soil moisture cycling, and carbon and nitrogen cycling processes in desertified areas.

[0003] Therefore, in order to better manage the ecosystem of photovoltaic projects, there is an urgent need for a quantitative analysis method that can integrate photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen cycles, and water and heat transfer, so as to provide a traceable and referable basis for managing the ecosystem of photovoltaic projects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide an ecological assessment method, device, equipment and medium based on photovoltaic systems. For the special scenario of photovoltaic systems, it integrates and quantifies the photovoltaic ecology of photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen cycle and water and heat transfer, and provides a traceable and reference basis for the ecological management of photovoltaic projects.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: An ecological assessment method based on photovoltaic systems includes: Acquire meteorological data, photovoltaic parameters, carbon dioxide concentration, total solar radiation, and atmospheric longwave back radiation for a preset photovoltaic space within a preset time period; Based on the preset photovoltaic physical field model, the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, and local temperature changes are determined according to the meteorological data and photovoltaic parameters. Based on the preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance are determined according to the total solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, shading intensity and local temperature changes. Based on the preset water-heat balance coupling model, the latent heat flux and soil moisture are determined according to the total solar radiation, atmospheric long-wave back radiation and local temperature changes. Based on a pre-defined carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass are determined according to the net photosynthetic rate. The ecological indicators for evaluating photovoltaic systems are determined based on the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, local temperature change, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass.

[0006] Optionally, the preset photovoltaic physical field model includes a photovoltaic shading spatial distribution model, a wind reduction effect model, and a microclimate temperature correction model; Based on a pre-defined photovoltaic physical field model, the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, and local temperature changes are determined according to the meteorological data and photovoltaic parameters, including: Based on the photovoltaic shading spatial distribution model, the shading intensity is determined according to the photovoltaic parameters. Based on the wind reduction effect model, the wind speed for wind reduction is determined according to the photovoltaic parameters. Based on the microclimate temperature correction model, local temperature changes are determined according to the meteorological data, shading intensity, and reduced wind speed.

[0007] Optionally, the preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model includes an effective photosynthetic radiation model, a net photosynthetic rate model, and a stomatal conductance model; Based on a pre-defined photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance are determined according to the total solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, shading intensity, and local temperature changes, including: Based on the effective photosynthetic radiation model, the effective photosynthetic radiation is determined according to the total solar radiation and shading intensity. Based on the net photosynthetic rate model, the net photosynthetic rate is determined according to the effective photosynthetic radiation and the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant intercellular space. Based on the stomatal conductance model, stomatal conductance is iteratively calculated according to the net photosynthetic rate and the carbon dioxide concentration on the leaf surface.

[0008] Optionally, the preset hydrothermal balance coupling model includes an evapotranspiration model and a soil moisture dynamics model; Based on a pre-defined hydrothermal balance coupling model, latent heat flux and soil moisture are determined according to the total solar radiation, atmospheric longwave back radiation, and local temperature changes, including: Based on the evapotranspiration model, the latent heat flux is determined according to the total solar radiation, local temperature changes, and atmospheric longwave back radiation. Soil moisture is calculated iteratively based on a dynamic soil moisture model and latent heat flux.

[0009] Optionally, the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model includes a carbon balance model, a nitrogen balance model, and a biomass model; Based on a pre-defined carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass are determined according to net photosynthetic rate, including: Based on the carbon balance model, carbon storage is determined according to the net photosynthetic rate. Nitrogen content was determined based on a nitrogen balance model; Biomass is determined based on the net photosynthetic rate using a biomass model.

[0010] Optionally, ecological indicators for evaluating the photovoltaic system are determined based on the shading intensity, reduced wind speed, local temperature change, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass, including: Based on the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, local temperature change, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass of multiple preset photovoltaic spaces over multiple preset time periods, determine the spatiotemporal distribution map of the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, local temperature change, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass. Determine the net primary productivity of vegetation based on the biomass; Water use efficiency is determined based on the net primary productivity of the vegetation and the latent heat flux. Determine carbon sink function based on vegetation net primary productivity; Ecological indicators for evaluating photovoltaic systems were determined based on the spatiotemporal distribution map, vegetation net primary productivity, water use efficiency, and carbon sequestration function.

[0011] Optionally, the method further includes: determining the relative and absolute errors of the preset photovoltaic physical field model, the preset photosynthesis-stoma coupling model, the preset hydrothermal balance coupling model, or the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model based on the output parameters of the preset photovoltaic physical field model, the preset photosynthesis-stoma coupling model, the preset hydrothermal balance coupling model, or the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model at the previous and next moments of the preset photovoltaic space within a preset time period. If both the relative error and the absolute error meet the preset conditions, then the preset photovoltaic physical field model, the preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, the preset hydrothermal balance coupling model, or the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model are determined to have converged, and the output parameters are output; otherwise, the iteration loop continues.

[0012] An ecological assessment device based on a photovoltaic system includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire meteorological data, photovoltaic parameters, carbon dioxide concentration values, total solar radiation, and atmospheric longwave back radiation for a preset photovoltaic space within a preset time period. The processing module is used to determine shading intensity, wind speed reduction, and local temperature changes based on a preset photovoltaic physical field model and the meteorological data and photovoltaic parameters; to determine net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance based on a preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model and the total solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, shading intensity, and local temperature changes; to determine latent heat flux and soil moisture based on a preset water-heat balance coupling model and the total solar radiation, atmospheric longwave back radiation, and local temperature changes; to determine carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass based on a preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model and the net photosynthetic rate; and to determine ecological indicators for evaluating the photovoltaic system based on the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, local temperature changes, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass.

[0013] A computing device includes: one or more processors; and a storage device for storing one or more programs that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method.

[0014] A computer-readable storage medium storing a program that, when executed by a processor, implements a method.

[0015] The above-described solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The above-described scheme of the present invention acquires meteorological data, photovoltaic parameters, carbon dioxide concentration, total solar radiation, and atmospheric longwave back radiation for a preset photovoltaic space over a preset time period; based on a preset photovoltaic physical field model, it determines shading intensity, wind speed reduction, and local temperature changes according to the meteorological data and photovoltaic parameters; based on a preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, it determines net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance according to the total solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, shading intensity, and local temperature changes; based on a preset water-heat balance coupling model, it determines latent heat flux and soil moisture according to the total solar radiation, atmospheric longwave back radiation, and local temperature changes; based on a preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model, it determines carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass according to the net photosynthetic rate; and it determines ecological indicators for evaluating the photovoltaic system based on the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, local temperature changes, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass. This invention addresses the specific scenario of photovoltaic systems by integrating and quantifying the photovoltaic ecosystem, which includes photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen cycles, and water and heat transfer, providing a traceable and referable basis for managing the ecosystem of photovoltaic projects. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the ecological assessment method based on photovoltaic systems of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic system-based ecological assessment device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological cycle under a photovoltaic system. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, embodiments of the present invention propose an ecological assessment method based on photovoltaic systems, comprising: Step 11: Obtain meteorological data, photovoltaic parameters, carbon dioxide concentration values, total solar radiation, and atmospheric longwave back radiation for a preset photovoltaic space within a preset time period; Step 12: Based on the preset photovoltaic physical field model, determine the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, and local temperature changes according to the meteorological data and photovoltaic parameters; Step 13: Based on the preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, determine the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance according to the total solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, shading intensity and local temperature changes; Step 14: Based on the preset water-heat balance coupling model, determine the latent heat flux and soil moisture according to the total solar radiation, atmospheric long-wave back radiation and local temperature changes; Step 15: Based on the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model, determine the carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass according to the net photosynthetic rate; Step 16: Determine the ecological indicators for evaluating the photovoltaic system based on the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, local temperature change, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass.

[0019] In this embodiment, photovoltaic panels influence the local microenvironment through changes such as shading and alteration of wind field, thereby affecting surrounding ecological processes and effects (see reference). Figure 3 The photosynthetic rate is influenced by light, temperature, CO2 concentration, and water conditions; stomatal conductance affects CO2 absorption and water transpiration; plant carbon and nitrogen metabolism are interconnected, and the plant's own nitrogen content affects its photosynthetic capacity; therefore, based on the dynamic balance and iterative calculations among the preset photovoltaic physical field model, the preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, the preset water-heat balance coupling model, and the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model, the shading intensity is obtained. Reduce wind speed Local temperature changes Net photosynthetic rate A, stomatal conductance Latent heat flux λE, soil moisture carbon reserves Nitrogen content and biomass Based on these parameters, ecological indicators for evaluating photovoltaic systems are determined.

[0020] In this embodiment, the study area (photovoltaic area) can be discretized into a uniform grid in the horizontal direction, with each grid serving as a preset photovoltaic space, and the grid scale being [missing information]. (range of values) Soil profiles are divided along the vertical direction. Layer, layer thickness for By employing a time-discretization strategy, a pre-defined time period is determined in the computation process: for example, the time step for a hydrothermal process is... (For example, 1 hour), the time step for the carbon and nitrogen process is... (e.g., 1d), where , This is the default value.

[0021] In some optional implementations, the preset photovoltaic physical field model includes: a photovoltaic shading spatial distribution model, a wind reduction effect model, and a microclimate temperature correction model; Step 12, based on a preset photovoltaic physical field model, determines the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, and local temperature changes according to the meteorological data and photovoltaic parameters, including: Step 121: Based on the photovoltaic shading spatial distribution model, determine the shading intensity according to the photovoltaic parameters. ; Step 122: Based on the wind reduction effect model, determine the wind speed for wind reduction according to the photovoltaic parameters. ; Step 123: Based on the microclimate temperature correction model, according to the meteorological data and shading intensity... and reduce wind speed Determine local temperature changes .

[0022] In this embodiment, for step 121, according to Determine the midpoint of the preset space The shading intensity; among which, Point representing time t Shading intensity (0-1 dimensionless). This indicates the maximum shading intensity (usually 1, indicating full shading). Indicates the solar altitude angle. Indicates the height of the photovoltaic panel (m). Point Average distance (m) to the center of the photovoltaic panel projection. Indicates the coordinates of the center of the photovoltaic panel projection. The shading diffusion coefficient represents the degree of blurring at the edge of the shading (m).

[0023] In this embodiment, it can be based on The mean value determines the shading intensity. .

[0024] In this embodiment, for step 122, according to Determine the midpoint of the preset space The wind speed reduction, among which, Points under the influence of photovoltaic panels Effective wind speed (m / s) This represents the free wind speed (m / s). This represents the maximum wind reduction coefficient (0.3-0.7, dimensionless, empirical value can be used). Point Distance to the photovoltaic array (m). Indicates the length of the wind shadow area (m).

[0025] according to The mean value determines the wind speed reduction. .

[0026] In this embodiment, for step 123, according to Determine the midpoint of the preset space The local temperature change, among which, Represents the point at time t Local temperature changes, Indicates the temperature under unobstructed conditions. This represents the difference between ground temperature and air temperature at the same altitude. Represents the point at time t Shading intensity, This represents the temperature-wind speed coupling coefficient (0.1-0.3, empirical values ​​can be used). Indicates reduced wind speed. Indicates free wind speed ( ).

[0027] according to The mean value determines the local temperature variation. .

[0028] In some optional implementations, the preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model includes an effective photosynthetic radiation model, a net photosynthetic rate model, and a stomatal conductance model; Step 13: Based on the preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, and according to the total solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, and shading intensity... and local temperature changes Determine net photosynthetic rate A and stomatal conductance ,include: Step 131, based on the effective photosynthetic radiation model, according to the total solar radiation and shading intensity Determine effective photosynthetic radiation ; Step 132, based on the net photosynthetic rate model, according to local temperature changes Effective photosynthetic radiation The net photosynthetic rate A is determined by the carbon dioxide concentration between plant cells; Step 133: Based on the stomatal conductance model, iteratively calculate stomatal conductance according to the net photosynthetic rate A and the carbon dioxide concentration value on the leaf surface. .

[0029] In this embodiment, for step 131, according to Determine effective photosynthetic radiation ,in, Indicates effective photosynthetic radiation , Represents total solar radiation , Indicates shading intensity, K represents the typical value. (dimensionless) The leaf area index (usually 1) represents the leaf area index. ) , ,in, Specific leaf area ( ), This indicates the percentage of leaves (0.3-0.6). Indicates biomass.

[0030] In this embodiment, for step 132, according to Determine the net photosynthetic rate A; in, Indicates the Rubisco enzyme limitation rate. ; in, Indicates the light-limited rate, ; in, Indicates product output limitations. ; in, Indicates respiration. ; in, , representing electron transport rate (including shading correction); in, , representing the maximum carboxylation rate; in, , representing the maximum electron transport rate; in, , representing the temperature response function; in, Indicates intercellular CO2 concentration ( ), This represents the CO2 compensation point, i.e., the CO2 concentration at which photosynthesis equals photorespiration. ), The Michaelis constant representing CO2 ( ), This represents the suppression constant for O2 ( ), This indicates the O2 concentration (i.e., 21%). Indicates the quantum efficiency of light (an empirical value can be taken). Indicates effective photosynthetic radiation , This represents the convexity of the light response curve (0.7-0.9, empirical values ​​can be used). This indicates the maximum carboxylation rate at 25°C. (20-60, experience points can be used) Indicates nitrogen content per unit leaf area ( ), This indicates the reference nitrogen content (usually 100%). ), Indicates nitrogen use efficiency parameter ( ), This indicates the conversion efficiency of nitrogen for electron transport. This indicates the preset first nitrogen distribution adjustment parameter. This indicates the preset second nitrogen distribution adjustment parameter. This indicates the current microclimate temperature. Represents the entropy term ( ), Indicates reference temperature ( ), Indicates activation energy ( ), Represents the gas constant ( ), Indicates activation energy ( ).

[0031] For step 133, according to Porous conductance, of which, Indicates minimum porosity ( (Experience points can be obtained). Indicates net photosynthetic rate, Indicates the relative humidity of the leaf surface , Indicates leaf surface concentration , Indicates the water stress coefficient ( (Experience points can be obtained). This indicates leaf water potential, i.e., leaf water status (MPa). Represents the empirical coefficient ( (Dimensionless, empirical values ​​can be used).

[0032] In some optional implementations, the preset hydrothermal balance coupling model includes an evapotranspiration model and a soil moisture dynamics model; Step 14, based on the preset water-heat balance coupling model, determine the latent heat flux and soil moisture according to the total solar radiation, atmospheric long-wave back radiation, and local temperature changes, including: Step 141, based on the evapotranspiration model, according to the total solar radiation and local temperature changes... The latent heat flux λE is determined by atmospheric longwave back radiation. Step 142: Based on the dynamic soil moisture model, calculate soil moisture iteratively according to the latent heat flux λE. .

[0033] For step 141, according to Determine the latent heat flux. in, Indicates soil heat flux , ; in, Indicates net radiation , ; in, Represents sensible heat flux, ; in, This represents the slope of the saturated vapor pressure-temperature curve (an empirical value can be used). , This indicates air density (usually around 1.2). , This represents the specific heat of air at constant pressure (typically around 1005). , This represents the saturated vapor pressure (determined by temperature) (kPa). This represents the actual water vapor pressure (determined by humidity) (kPa). It indicates aerodynamic drag (the ease with which air carries water vapor away from the Earth's surface). , This represents the wet / dry constant (typically around 0.066). , Indicates canopy resistance (the ease with which water vapor leaves the plant's stomata). , This represents the proportion of soil heat flux to net radiation (an empirical value of 0.05-0.3 can be used). This represents the surface albedo (an empirical value can be used). Represents total solar radiation , Indicates shading intensity. Represents the ratio of surface emissivity to surface emissivity. Indicates atmospheric long-wave back radiation , Represents the Stefan-Boltzmann constant , Indicates local temperature change. This indicates the air temperature (K) at a reference altitude (usually 2m).

[0034] For step 142, according to Determine soil moisture ; in, Represents evapotranspiration (mm d - ¹), ; in, The root water absorption rate (d) - ¹), ; in, This indicates deep seepage (water seeps out of the root zone, replenishing groundwater) (mm d) - ¹), ; in, Indicates hydraulic conductivity. ; in, Indicates precipitation , Indicates irrigation volume , Indicates soil water flux , Indicates the vertical depth of the soil (m). This represents latent heat flux (evapotranspiration). , The latent heat of vaporization of water ( ), Represents the root distribution function. Indicates potential transpiration ( ), Indicates water level limitation, It represents soil water potential (MPa). Indicates the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soil. Indicates saturated hydraulic conductivity ( ), It represents the saturated soil water potential (MPa). This represents the soil pore distribution parameter.

[0035] In some optional implementations, the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model includes a carbon balance model, a nitrogen balance model, and a biomass model; Step 15: Based on the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model, determine the carbon storage according to the net photosynthetic rate A. Nitrogen content and biomass ,include: Step 151: Determine carbon storage based on the net photosynthetic rate A using the carbon balance model. ; Step 152: Determine nitrogen content based on nitrogen balance model. ; Step 153: Determine biomass based on the net photosynthetic rate A using the biomass model. .

[0036] In this embodiment, plant carbon and nitrogen metabolism are interconnected, and the nitrogen content of the plant itself affects its photosynthetic capacity.

[0037] For step 151, according to Determine carbon reserves ; in, Indicates carbon storage The first derivative at a certain time t Indicates net photosynthetic rate, This refers to the respiratory expenditure required to maintain current activity levels. , This refers to growth respiration, which is the respiratory energy consumed during the formation of new tissue. , Indicates carbon allocation The first derivative at a certain time t; For step 152, according to Determine nitrogen content , in, Indicates nitrogen content The first derivative at a certain time t Indicates nitrogen absorption rate , Indicates nitrogen loss rate , Indicates nitrogen distribution The first derivative at a certain time t; For step 153, according to Determine biomass , in, Indicates biomass The first derivative at a certain time t This indicates the carbon conversion biomass efficiency (typically around 0.8). Indicates net photosynthetic rate , Indicates the nitrogen limiting factor (dimensionless). , Indicates the available nitrogen content in the soil , Indicates the amount of nitrogen required for plant growth .

[0038] In some alternative implementations, step 16, based on the shading intensity Reduce wind speed Local temperature changes Net photosynthetic rate A, stomatal conductance Latent heat flux λE, soil moisture carbon reserves Nitrogen content and biomass Determine the ecological indicators for evaluating photovoltaic systems, including: Step 161: Based on the shading intensity of multiple preset photovoltaic spaces over multiple preset time periods. Reduce wind speed Local temperature changes Net photosynthetic rate A, stomatal conductance Latent heat flux λE, soil moisture carbon reserves Nitrogen content and biomass Determine the shading intensity Reduce wind speed Local temperature changes Net photosynthetic rate A, stomatal conductance Latent heat flux λE, soil moisture carbon reserves Nitrogen content and biomass Spatiotemporal distribution map; Step 162, based on the biomass Determine the net primary productivity of vegetation; Step 163: Determine water use efficiency based on the net primary productivity of vegetation and the evapotranspiration ET; Step 164: Determine the carbon sink function based on vegetation net primary productivity; Step 165: Determine the ecological indicators for evaluating the photovoltaic system based on the spatiotemporal distribution map, vegetation net primary productivity, water use efficiency, and carbon sink function.

[0039] For step 161, in this embodiment, the shading intensity of each preset time period for a single preset photovoltaic space can be... Reduce wind speed Local temperature changes Net photosynthetic rate A, stomatal conductance Latent heat flux λE, soil moisture carbon reserves Nitrogen content and biomass Generate a dynamic distribution map over time.

[0040] For step 161, in this embodiment, the shading intensity of each preset photovoltaic space within a single preset time period can be... Reduce wind speed Local temperature changes Net photosynthetic rate A, stomatal conductance Latent heat flux λE, soil moisture carbon reserves Nitrogen content and biomass Generate a spatial dynamic distribution map.

[0041] For step 162, for each preset photovoltaic space, it can be based on Determine the net primary productivity of vegetation; in, Indicates biomass. This indicates the carbon content in the dry matter of plants. It represents the first derivative of biomass at a certain time t.

[0042] For step 163, according to Determine the water use efficiency, where ET represents the evapotranspiration rate.

[0043] For step 164, according to Determine the carbon sequestration function, among which, Indicates the rate of heterotrophic respiration in the soil. ,in, Indicates net primary productivity of vegetation. Indicates local temperature change. express, Indicates soil moisture.

[0044] In some embodiments, the evaluation of carbon sink changes under the influence of photovoltaic power:

[0045] In some embodiments, according to Determine the rate of change in vegetation productivity, among which, For pre-designed photovoltaic space Net primary productivity of vegetation under the influence of photovoltaics For pre-designed photovoltaic space Net primary productivity of vegetation in the control area.

[0046] In some alternative implementations, the above method also includes: Step 17: Based on the output parameters of the preset photovoltaic physical field model, the preset photosynthesis-stoma coupling model, the preset water-heat balance coupling model, or the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model, determine the output values ​​of the preset photovoltaic space in the preset time period of the preset photovoltaic physical field model, the preset photosynthesis-stoma coupling model, the preset water-heat balance coupling model, or the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model at the previous and next moments, and determine the relative error and absolute error. Step 18: If both the relative error and the absolute error meet the preset conditions, then determine that the preset photovoltaic physical field model, the preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, the preset hydrothermal balance coupling model, or the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model has converged, and output the output parameters; otherwise, continue the iterative loop.

[0047] In this embodiment, within each time step, the relative and absolute errors of two adjacent iterations are calculated and compared with preset thresholds for the relative and absolute errors, respectively, to determine whether the model has converged. This ensures the consistency of the coupling balances and improves the stability and accuracy of the model calculation. If convergence is not achieved, return to step 4; if convergence is achieved, output the result and advance the time step. .

[0048] The convergence criteria for the above models are as follows: Relative error: ; Absolute error: ; Maximum number of iterations: 100; in, and Let X be the variable in the model, and let X be the result of the nth and (n+1)th calculations.

[0049] In this embodiment, the boundary conditions for each of the above models include: (1) Upper boundary (atmosphere-vegetation interface): (1.1) Weather forcing:

[0050] (1.2) concentration:

[0051] (2) Lateral boundary: (2.1) No flux boundary: ,

[0052] (3) Lower boundary (deep soil layer): (3.1) Free drainage: (Deep groundwater level) In this embodiment, after each coupled module completes its calculation, the convergence of key variables such as surface temperature, soil moisture, and net photosynthetic rate is determined. When the preset error threshold is met, the time step is advanced. If the convergence condition is not met, the corresponding coupled module is returned to perform iterative calculation until the convergence requirement is met, thereby realizing the dynamic evolution of the model on the time scale.

[0053] In the above embodiments of the present invention, the microclimate-ecological process multi-factor coupling evaluation method for photovoltaic systems in desert areas includes: a photovoltaic facility regulating microclimate driving mechanism: constructing a photovoltaic shading, wind reduction, and temperature regulation correction model, parameterizing the impact of photovoltaic facilities on radiation, wind speed, and thermal conditions, and inputting these as ecological process driving factors into the model; a photosynthesis-stomatal-water process coupling mechanism: establishing a feedback relationship between photosynthesis and transpiration based on an improved photosynthesis model and stomatal conductance model; a carbon-nitrogen synergistic regulation mechanism: regulating key parameters of photosynthesis through vegetation nitrogen content, constructing a nitrogen-carbon balance equation, and realizing the feedback regulation of nitrogen and carbon fixation capacity; a water-thermal-carbon-nitrogen multi-process coupling framework: based on an energy balance and soil moisture dynamics model, coupling evaporation, soil moisture, and plant water potential to stomatal conductance and photosynthetic processes; and a quantitative ecological effect evaluation system: based on the output of the multi-process coupling model, constructing comprehensive indicators such as vegetation productivity, water use efficiency, and carbon sink function to evaluate the ecological effects of the photovoltaic system.

[0054] This invention embeds photovoltaic facility factors into a photosynthesis-carbon-nitrogen-water-thermal coupling simulation system, solving the problems of microclimate and ecological effects in new energy development and ecological restoration; it can achieve quantitative comparison of the ecological benefits of photovoltaic areas and control areas, providing a scientific basis for desertification control and photovoltaic station planning; it has good scalability and versatility, and can be combined with remote sensing monitoring and ecological big data platforms to develop into an ecological simulation and decision support system.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an ecological assessment device based on a photovoltaic system according to the present invention. The device 200 includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire meteorological data, photovoltaic parameters, carbon dioxide concentration values, total solar radiation, and atmospheric longwave back radiation for a preset photovoltaic space within a preset time period. The processing module is used to determine shading intensity, wind speed reduction, and local temperature changes based on a preset photovoltaic physical field model and the meteorological data and photovoltaic parameters; to determine net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance based on a preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model and the total solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, shading intensity, and local temperature changes; to determine latent heat flux and soil moisture based on a preset water-heat balance coupling model and the total solar radiation, atmospheric longwave back radiation, and local temperature changes; to determine carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass based on a preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model and the net photosynthetic rate; and to determine ecological indicators for evaluating the photovoltaic system based on the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, local temperature changes, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass.

[0056] Optionally, the preset photovoltaic physical field model includes a photovoltaic shading spatial distribution model, a wind reduction effect model, and a microclimate temperature correction model; Based on a pre-defined photovoltaic physical field model, the shading intensity is determined according to the meteorological data and photovoltaic parameters. Reduced wind speed and local temperature changes, including: Based on the photovoltaic shading spatial distribution model, the shading intensity is determined according to the photovoltaic parameters. Based on the wind reduction effect model, the wind speed for wind reduction is determined according to the photovoltaic parameters. Based on the microclimate temperature correction model, local temperature changes are determined according to the meteorological data, shading intensity, and reduced wind speed.

[0057] Optionally, the preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model includes an effective photosynthetic radiation model, a net photosynthetic rate model, and a stomatal conductance model; Based on a pre-defined photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance are determined according to the total solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, shading intensity, and local temperature changes, including: Based on the effective photosynthetic radiation model, the effective photosynthetic radiation is determined according to the total solar radiation and shading intensity. Based on the net photosynthetic rate model, the net photosynthetic rate is determined according to the effective photosynthetic radiation and the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant intercellular space. Based on the stomatal conductance model, stomatal conductance is iteratively calculated according to the net photosynthetic rate and the carbon dioxide concentration on the leaf surface.

[0058] Optionally, the preset hydrothermal balance coupling model includes an evapotranspiration model and a soil moisture dynamics model; Based on a pre-defined hydrothermal balance coupling model, latent heat flux and soil moisture are determined according to the total solar radiation, atmospheric longwave back radiation, and local temperature changes, including: Based on the evapotranspiration model, the latent heat flux is determined according to the total solar radiation, local temperature changes, and atmospheric longwave back radiation. Soil moisture is calculated iteratively based on a dynamic soil moisture model and latent heat flux.

[0059] Optionally, the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model includes a carbon balance model, a nitrogen balance model, and a biomass model; Based on a pre-defined carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass are determined according to net photosynthetic rate, including: Based on the carbon balance model, carbon storage is determined according to the net photosynthetic rate. Nitrogen content was determined based on a nitrogen balance model; Biomass is determined based on the net photosynthetic rate using a biomass model.

[0060] Optionally, ecological indicators for evaluating the photovoltaic system are determined based on the shading intensity, reduced wind speed, local temperature change, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass, including: Based on the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, local temperature change, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass of multiple preset photovoltaic spaces over multiple preset time periods, determine the spatiotemporal distribution map of the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, local temperature change, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass. Determine the net primary productivity of vegetation based on the biomass; Water use efficiency is determined based on the net primary productivity of the vegetation and the latent heat flux. Determine carbon sink function based on vegetation net primary productivity; Ecological indicators for evaluating photovoltaic systems were determined based on the spatiotemporal distribution map, vegetation net primary productivity, water use efficiency, and carbon sequestration function.

[0061] Optionally, it also includes: determining the relative and absolute errors of the preset photovoltaic physical field model, the preset photosynthesis-stoma coupling model, the preset hydrothermal balance coupling model, or the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model based on the output parameters of the preset photovoltaic physical field model, the preset photosynthesis-stoma coupling model, the preset hydrothermal balance coupling model, or the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model at the previous and next moments of the preset photovoltaic space within the preset time period. If both the relative error and the absolute error meet the preset conditions, then the preset photovoltaic physical field model, the preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, the preset hydrothermal balance coupling model, or the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model are determined to have converged, and the output parameters are output; otherwise, the iteration loop continues.

[0062] It should be noted that this device is the same as the method described above. All implementations in the above method embodiments are applicable to the embodiments of this device and can achieve the same technical effect.

[0063] The present invention also includes a computing device comprising: one or more processors; and a storage device for storing one or more programs, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method as described above.

[0064] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described above.

[0065] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0066] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of various embodiments or some parts of embodiments.

[0067] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological assessment method based on photovoltaic systems, characterized in that, include: Acquire meteorological data, photovoltaic parameters, carbon dioxide concentration, total solar radiation, and atmospheric longwave back radiation for a preset photovoltaic space within a preset time period; Based on the preset photovoltaic physical field model, the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, and local temperature changes are determined according to the meteorological data and photovoltaic parameters. Based on the preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance are determined according to the total solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, shading intensity and local temperature changes. Based on the preset water-heat balance coupling model, the latent heat flux and soil moisture are determined according to the total solar radiation, atmospheric long-wave back radiation and local temperature changes. Based on a pre-defined carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass are determined according to the net photosynthetic rate. The ecological indicators for evaluating photovoltaic systems are determined based on the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, local temperature change, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass.

2. The ecological assessment method based on photovoltaic systems according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset photovoltaic physical field model includes: photovoltaic shading space distribution model, wind reduction effect model and microclimate temperature correction model; Based on a pre-defined photovoltaic physical field model, the shading intensity is determined according to the meteorological data and photovoltaic parameters. Reduced wind speed and local temperature changes, including: Based on the photovoltaic shading spatial distribution model, the shading intensity is determined according to the photovoltaic parameters. Based on the wind reduction effect model, the wind speed for wind reduction is determined according to the photovoltaic parameters. Based on the microclimate temperature correction model, local temperature changes are determined according to the meteorological data, shading intensity, and reduced wind speed.

3. The ecological assessment method based on photovoltaic systems according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset photosynthesis-stoma coupling model includes an effective photosynthetic radiation model, a net photosynthetic rate model, and a stomatal conductance model. Based on a pre-defined photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance are determined according to the total solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, shading intensity, and local temperature changes, including: Based on the effective photosynthetic radiation model, the effective photosynthetic radiation is determined according to the total solar radiation and shading intensity. Based on the net photosynthetic rate model, the net photosynthetic rate is determined according to the effective photosynthetic radiation and the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant intercellular space. Based on the stomatal conductance model, stomatal conductance is iteratively calculated according to the net photosynthetic rate and the carbon dioxide concentration on the leaf surface.

4. The ecological assessment method based on photovoltaic systems according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-defined hydrothermal balance coupling model includes an evapotranspiration model and a soil moisture dynamics model; Based on a pre-defined hydrothermal balance coupling model, latent heat flux and soil moisture are determined according to the total solar radiation, atmospheric longwave back radiation, and local temperature changes, including: Based on the evapotranspiration model, the latent heat flux is determined according to the total solar radiation, local temperature changes, and atmospheric longwave back radiation. Soil moisture is calculated iteratively based on a dynamic soil moisture model and latent heat flux.

5. The ecological assessment method based on photovoltaic systems according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-defined carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model includes a carbon balance model, a nitrogen balance model, and a biomass model; Based on a pre-defined carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass are determined according to net photosynthetic rate, including: Based on the carbon balance model, carbon storage is determined according to the net photosynthetic rate. Nitrogen content was determined based on a nitrogen balance model; Biomass is determined based on the net photosynthetic rate using a biomass model.

6. The ecological assessment method based on photovoltaic systems according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological indicators for evaluating photovoltaic systems are determined based on the aforementioned shading intensity, wind speed reduction, local temperature variation, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass. These indicators include: Based on the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, local temperature change, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass of multiple preset photovoltaic spaces over multiple preset time periods, determine the spatiotemporal distribution map of the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, local temperature change, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass. Determine the net primary productivity of vegetation based on the biomass; Water use efficiency is determined based on the net primary productivity of the vegetation and the latent heat flux. Determine carbon sink function based on vegetation net primary productivity; Ecological indicators for evaluating photovoltaic systems are determined based on the spatiotemporal distribution map, vegetation net primary productivity, water use efficiency, and carbon sequestration function.

7. The ecological assessment method based on photovoltaic systems according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Based on the output parameters of the preset photovoltaic physical field model, preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, preset hydrothermal balance coupling model, or preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model at the previous and next moments of the preset photovoltaic space within the preset time period, determine the relative and absolute errors of the preset photovoltaic physical field model, preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, preset hydrothermal balance coupling model, or preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model. If both the relative error and the absolute error meet the preset conditions, then the preset photovoltaic physical field model, the preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model, the preset hydrothermal balance coupling model, or the preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model are determined to have converged, and the output parameters are output; otherwise, the iteration loop continues.

8. An ecological assessment device based on a photovoltaic system, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire meteorological data, photovoltaic parameters, carbon dioxide concentration values, total solar radiation, and atmospheric longwave back radiation for a preset photovoltaic space within a preset time period. The processing module is used to determine shading intensity, wind speed reduction, and local temperature changes based on a preset photovoltaic physical field model and the meteorological data and photovoltaic parameters; to determine net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance based on a preset photosynthesis-stomatal coupling model and the total solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, shading intensity, and local temperature changes; to determine latent heat flux and soil moisture based on a preset water-heat balance coupling model and the total solar radiation, atmospheric longwave back radiation, and local temperature changes; to determine carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass based on a preset carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling model and the net photosynthetic rate; and to determine ecological indicators for evaluating the photovoltaic system based on the shading intensity, wind speed reduction, local temperature changes, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, latent heat flux, soil moisture, carbon storage, nitrogen content, and biomass.

9. A computing device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors; A storage device for storing one or more programs, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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