A dynamic simulation teaching device for the retinal visual pathway

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of medical teaching equipment technology and discloses a dynamic simulation teaching device for the retinal visual pathway, comprising: an eyeball module, which includes a sclera, within which the cornea, lens, and vitreous body are disposed, and an optical path indicator light strip is provided; a retinal module, which includes a substrate and several photoreceptor cell models and several activation indicator lights arrayed on the substrate, the photoreceptor cell models being equipped with photosensitive sensors and color sensors; a brain region module, which includes a backplate disposed on the substrate and an electrical signal indicator light strip disposed on the backplate; and an interaction module, which includes a controller, a camera, a display, and a communication module; the controller controls the optical path indicator light strip and the electrical signal indicator light strip to light up sequentially segment by segment, simulating the photoelectric signal transmission process, facilitating students' intuitive understanding of the physiological principles of the eyeball; by controlling the corresponding area of ​​the electrical signal indicator light strip to turn off and synchronously displaying a visual field defect pattern, the device can perform pathological simulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical teaching equipment technology, and in particular to a dynamic simulation teaching device for the retinal visual pathway. Background Technology

[0002] In medical education, ocular anatomy, visual conduction pathways, and the pathological mechanisms of various visual field defects are both key and challenging topics. Traditional teaching tools mainly include static anatomical models, flat wall charts, and simple PowerPoint presentations. These traditional tools have the following shortcomings in practical use: they are static and abstract, unable to simulate the conduction path of light entering the eye, and the electrical signal transmission process of visual signals from the retina through the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, and visual cortex cannot be intuitively presented; they lack pathological simulation, as static models cannot demonstrate the clinical logic between "damage site, conduction interruption, and visual field defect" for common lesions such as optic nerve injury, optic chiasm injury, and optic tract injury; and they have poor interactivity, as students can only passively observe and cannot automatically adjust the teaching aid mode, limiting the teaching effectiveness. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a dynamic, intuitive, and interactive simulation teaching device to meet current teaching needs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a dynamic simulation teaching device for the retinal visual pathway to solve the problems of static and abstract teaching aids, lack of pathological simulation and poor interactivity at present.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A dynamic simulation teaching device for the retinal visual pathway includes:

[0006] The eye module includes the sclera, within which the cornea, lens, and vitreous body are arranged according to human anatomy, and a light path indicator strip is arranged along the light propagation path;

[0007] The retinal module includes a substrate and several photoreceptor cell models and several activation indicator lights arranged in an array on the substrate. The photoreceptor cell models are equipped with a photosensitive sensor and a color sensor.

[0008] The brain region module includes a back plate disposed on a substrate and an electrical signal indicator strip disposed on the back plate, wherein each electrical signal indicator strip is arranged according to the human visual nerve conduction pathway.

[0009] The interaction module includes a controller, a camera, a display, and a communication module. The controller is electrically connected to a photosensitive sensor, a color sensor, an optical path indicator strip, an activation indicator, an electrical signal indicator strip, the communication module, the camera, and the display. It is configured to: drive the activation indicator next to the corresponding photoreceptor cell model to light up based on the detection signals from the photosensitive sensor and the color sensor, and sequentially drive the optical path indicator strip and the electrical signal indicator strip to light up segment by segment; and control the light-emitting units in the corresponding area of ​​the electrical signal indicator strip to turn off based on external commands received through the communication module, and synchronously display the corresponding visual field defect pattern on the display.

[0010] Furthermore, the photoreceptor cell model includes rod cell model and cone cell model. The rod cell model is equipped with a photosensitive sensor. When the photosensitive sensor detects light, the controller drives the corresponding activation indicator light next to the rod cell model to light up. The cone cell model includes short-wavelength, medium-wavelength, and long-wavelength cone cell models. The color sensors set on the three models have the highest spectral sensitivity to blue light, green light, and red light, respectively. When the color sensor detects light in the corresponding wavelength band, the controller drives the corresponding activation indicator light next to the cone cell model to light up.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer surfaces of the short-wavelength, medium-wavelength, and long-wavelength cone cell models are coated with blue, green, and red, respectively, for differentiation; the activation indicator lights corresponding to the short-wavelength, medium-wavelength, and long-wavelength cone cell models emit blue, green, and red light, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the substrate is a high-transmittance rigid board, and the back plate is a non-transmittance rigid board, the surface of which is printed with an anatomical diagram of the human visual neural pathway corresponding to the arrangement of the electrical signal indicator strips.

[0013] Furthermore, the controller is also configured to adjust the illumination speed of the light path indicator strip in real time according to the light intensity detected by the photosensitive sensor; the higher the light intensity, the faster the flow speed, in order to simulate the visual light-dark adaptation mechanism.

[0014] Furthermore, the communication module is used to wirelessly connect with an external smartphone and receive mode selection commands from the user, including normal mode and various damage modes.

[0015] Furthermore, a mounting frame is provided on the substrate, and the eyeball module is placed on the mounting frame.

[0016] Furthermore, the sclera is divided into two hemispheres, which are fixed together by magnetic attraction.

[0017] The principles and beneficial effects of the technical solution are as follows:

[0018] This invention provides a dynamic simulation teaching device for the retinal visual pathway.

[0019] 1. The controller illuminates the light path indicator strip segment by segment, visually demonstrating the physical process of light transmission through the cornea, lens, and vitreous body; then, the electrical signal indicator strip illuminates segment by segment, vividly simulating the physiological process of visual signals being transmitted along the optic nerve pathway, allowing students to more intuitively understand the physiological principles of the eyeball.

[0020] 2. By toggling different damage levels on the DIP switch, the controller controls the electrical signal indicator lights in the corresponding areas to turn off and simultaneously display the visual field defect pattern. This allows the device to simulate common pathologies, achieving a three-in-one pathology teaching approach that integrates "lesion site - conduction interruption - visual field manifestations," facilitating student understanding and enhancing teaching effectiveness.

[0021] 3. The retina will be magnified through the retinal module. Students can add an external light source to illuminate the retinal module and observe the activation indicator lights of the corresponding photoreceptor cell model, so as to intuitively understand the photosensitive principle of the retina. By toggling the DIP switch, students can actively switch the mode of the device. Compared with the traditional passive viewing, this device requires students to actively participate, which is highly interactive and helps to deepen understanding and memory. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dynamic simulation teaching device for the retinal visual pathway according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is an assembly structure diagram of the eyeball module in a dynamic simulation teaching device for the retinal visual pathway according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a top view of the retinal module in a dynamic simulation teaching device for the retinal visual pathway according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the status of the LED strip during a normal visual pathway demonstration.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the LED strip extinguishing under each damage mode in Example 2;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the visual field defect patterns under each damage mode in Example 2;

[0028] The corresponding labels in the attached diagram are named as follows: 1. Eyeball module; 101. Sclera; 102. Cornea; 103. Lens; 104. Vitreous body; 105. Light path indicator strip; 2. Retina module; 201. Substrate; 202. Photoreceptor cell model; 203. Activation indicator; 204. Photosensitive sensor; 205. Color sensor; 3. Brain region module; 301. Backplate; 302. Electrical signal indicator strip; 4. Interaction module; 401. Controller; 402. Camera; 403. Display; 404. Communication module; 5. Placement frame. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0030] Example 1

[0031] like Figures 1-4 As shown, a dynamic simulation teaching device for the retinal visual pathway includes:

[0032] The eye module 1 includes a 3D-printed sclera 101. Inside the sclera 101, the cornea 102, lens 103, and vitreous body 104 are arranged according to human anatomy. These components are made of high-transmittance PVC material. Along the light incident path, light path indicator strips 105 are sequentially embedded on both sides of the cornea 102, lens 103, and vitreous body 104. These light strips are WS2812 type programmable flowing light strips. The outer surface of the sclera 101 is also attached with simulated extraocular muscles, such as the superior rectus muscle, inferior rectus muscle, medial rectus muscle, lateral rectus muscle, superior oblique muscle, and inferior oblique muscle, to simulate the complete anatomical structure of the eyeball in terms of morphology, so as to facilitate students to establish a complete three-dimensional anatomical understanding of the eyeball.

[0033] The retinal module 2 includes a substrate 201 and a plurality of photoreceptor cell models 202 arrayed on the substrate 201 and a plurality of activation indicator lights 203. The substrate 201 is made of high-transparency PVC and serves as a base to support the entire device. The eye module 1 is placed on the substrate 201. The photoreceptor cell models 202 are equipped with a GL5516 type photosensitive sensor 204 and a TCS3472 type color sensor 205.

[0034] Brain region module 3 includes a back plate 301 and an electrical signal indicator strip 302 disposed on the back plate 301. The back plate 301 is made of a non-transparent rigid material and is vertically disposed on the substrate 201. The surface of the back plate 301 is printed with an anatomical diagram of the human visual nerve pathway. According to the position of the anatomical diagram, the electrical signal indicator strip 302 is embedded in the back plate 301. The light strip is composed of multiple LEDs arranged according to the direction of the optic nerve conduction pathway. The optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, and optic radiation are simulated on the surface of the back plate 301.

[0035] Interactive module 4 includes a controller 401, a camera 402, a display 403, and a communication module 404. The communication module 404 can be an HC-05 or BLE serial port module. Users can pair and connect to the communication module 404 via a smartphone or tablet, selecting different demonstration modes (normal mode or various damage modes) on a dedicated APP. Commands are transmitted to the controller 401 via Bluetooth. The controller 401 can be an STM32F103 microcontroller. The ports of the controller 401 are connected to the photosensitive sensor 204, the color sensor 205, the light path indicator light strip 105, and the activation indicator light strip 105, respectively. The indicator light 203, the electrical signal indicator strip 302, the communication module 404, the camera 402, and the display 403 are electrically connected and configured to: drive the activation indicator light 203 next to the corresponding photoreceptor cell model 202 to light up according to the detection signals of the photosensitive sensor 204 and the color sensor 205, and sequentially drive the optical path indicator strip 105 and the electrical signal indicator strip 302 to light up segment by segment; control the light-emitting unit in the corresponding area of ​​the electrical signal indicator strip 302 to turn off according to the external command received by the communication module 404, and synchronously display the visual field defect pattern corresponding to the command on the display 403.

[0036] In this embodiment, each photoreceptor cell model 202 is equipped with a miniature LED array as an activation indicator 203. The two are arranged on the substrate 201 according to the structure of human cells. The photoreceptor cell model 202 includes rod cell models and cone cell models, which are made of clay or 3D printed. A photosensitive sensor 204 is provided on the rod cell model. When the photosensitive sensor 204 detects light, the controller 401 drives the corresponding activation indicator 203 next to the rod cell model to light up. The cone cell models include short-wavelength, medium-wavelength, and long-wavelength cone cell models. The color sensors 205 provided on the three types of cone cell models have the highest spectral sensitivity to blue light, green light, and red light, respectively. When the color sensor 205 detects light of the corresponding wavelength band, the controller 401 drives the corresponding activation indicator 203 next to the cone cell model to light up.

[0037] In this embodiment, the outer surfaces of the short-wavelength, medium-wavelength, and long-wavelength cone cell models are coated with blue, green, and red, respectively, for differentiation; the activation indicator lights 203 corresponding to the short-wavelength, medium-wavelength, and long-wavelength cone cell models emit blue, green, and red light, respectively.

[0038] In this embodiment, the controller 401 is also configured to adjust the lighting speed of the light path indicator strip 105 in real time according to the light intensity detected by the photosensitive sensor 204; the higher the light intensity, the faster the flow speed, so as to simulate the visual light and dark adaptation mechanism.

[0039] In this embodiment, the Bluetooth communication module 404 is used to wirelessly connect with an external smartphone or tablet computer and receive mode selection instructions issued by the user through a dedicated application. The instructions include normal mode and multiple injury modes. The injury modes include: optic nerve injury, optic chiasm injury, lateral optic chiasm injury, optic tract injury, complete optic radiation injury, lower optic radiation injury, upper optic radiation injury, and occipital lobe visual center injury.

[0040] In this embodiment, a placement rack 5 is provided on the substrate 201, and the eyeball module 1 is placed on the placement rack 5. The eyeball module 1 is placed directly on the placement rack 5, which is convenient for the operator to access and retrieve without additional fixation, making it simple and convenient.

[0041] In this embodiment, the sclera 101 is divided into two hemispheres, which are magnetically connected and fixed. Students can manually disassemble and assemble the sclera to observe the relative positions of the cornea 102, lens 103, and vitreous body 104 inside the eyeball. Removing the upper part of the sclera 101 allows students to observe the internal structure more clearly. When the light path indicator light strip 105 is activated, the lighting sequence of the light strip corresponds one-to-one with each refractive structure, further strengthening the students' understanding of the relationship between spatial position and light path.

[0042] Simulation of normal visual pathway:

[0043] After power is turned on, the damage simulation switch 404 is switched to "normal mode". The operator uses a flashlight or mobile phone flash to shine on the retinal module 2. The photosensor 204 and color sensor 205 on the photoreceptor cell model 202 detect the changes in light intensity and color temperature and transmit the signals to the controller 401. The controller 401 first drives the activation indicator 203 next to the corresponding photoreceptor cell model 202 to light up. For example, when white light is used to shine on the photoreceptor cell model 202, the photosensor 204 on the rod cell model collects the light intensity and controls the activation indicator 203 next to the rod cell to light up through the controller 401. When blue light is used to shine on the model, the color sensor 205 on the short-wavelength cone cell model detects the color temperature change and the activation indicator 203 corresponding to the short-wavelength cone cell model lights up blue. The same applies to the cone cell models of other wavelengths, thus intuitively reflecting the photosensitive principle of retinal cells.

[0044] While light illuminates the retinal module 2, the controller 401 drives the light path indicator strip 105 to light up segment by segment along the direction of the cornea 102, lens 103, and vitreous body 104, simulating the light refraction path; after the light path indicator strip 105 lights up to the end, the controller 401 then drives the electrical signal indicator strip 302 to light up segment by segment starting from the beginning of the optic nerve, passing through the optic chiasm and optic tract, simulating the transmission process of visual electrical signals; when all the electrical signal indicator strips 302 are fully lit, the display 403 shows the real-time image captured by the camera 402 (without black screen obstruction).

[0045] Example 2

[0046] Damage simulation (taking the left eye as an example):

[0047] The user establishes a wireless connection with the Bluetooth communication module 404 via a mobile app. By selecting different damage modes on the app interface, the controller 401, based on the received instructions, controls the corresponding light-emitting units in the electrical signal indicator strip 302 to turn off (the damaged area may emit a red warning light), and simultaneously displays the corresponding visual field defect pattern on the display 403.

[0048] When the user selects the "optic nerve injury" mode, the controller 401 recognizes the command signal and controls the electrical signal indicator strip 302 to emit a red warning light corresponding to the injury point of the left optic nerve segment. Figure 5 In the middle section (area a), the controller 401 controls all LEDs downstream of this section to turn off; simultaneously, the controller 401 generates a corresponding visual field defect pattern on the display 403, with the left eye completely black, i.e., monocular total blindness (…). Figure 6 (Part a)

[0049] When the user selects the "optic chiasm injury" mode, the controller 401 recognizes the command signal and controls the electrical signal indicator light in section 302 to emit a red warning light at the optic chiasm. Figure 5 In the middle b region), the light-emitting units corresponding to the temporal sides of the eyes downstream of this section are turned off; a visual field defect pattern of bitemporal hemianopsia is simultaneously generated on the display 403. Figure 6 (Part b)

[0050] When the user selects the "lateral optic chiasm injury" mode, the controller 401 recognizes the command signal and controls the electrical signal indicator light strip 302 to emit a red warning light at the lateral optic chiasm. Figure 5 In the middle c region), the light-emitting unit corresponding to the left nasal side downstream of this section is turned off, and a visual field defect pattern of left nasal hemianopsia is generated on the display at the same time. Figure 6 (Part C)

[0051] When the user selects the "optical beam impairment" mode, the controller 401 recognizes the command signal and controls the electrical signal indicator strip 302 of the simulated left optic beam to emit a red warning light. Figure 5 In the middle d region), the light-emitting units corresponding to the left nasal side and right temporal side of the downstream of this section are turned off; a visual field defect pattern of homonymous hemianopsia is generated synchronously on the display 403. Figure 6 (Part d in the middle)

[0052] When the user selects the "All Visual Radiation Damage" mode, the controller 401 recognizes the command signal and controls the electrical signal indicator strip 302 to emit a red warning light simulating the left visual radiation section. Figure 5 In the middle e region), the light-emitting units corresponding to the right visual field of both eyes downstream of this section are turned off; a visual field defect pattern of right homonymous hemianopsia is generated synchronously on the display. Figure 6 (Part e)

[0053] When the user selects the "Lower Visual Radiation Damage" mode, the controller 401 recognizes the command signal and controls the electrical signal indicator strip 302 to emit a red warning light simulating the lower left visual radiation area. Figure 5 In the middle f region), the light-emitting units in the corresponding upper right quadrant visual field of both eyes downstream of this section are turned off, and a visual field defect pattern of binocular right homonymous upper quadrant hemianopsia is simultaneously generated on the display 403. Figure 6 (Part f in the middle)

[0054] When the user selects the "Upper Visual Radiation Damage" mode, the controller 401 recognizes the command signal and controls the electrical signal indicator strip 302 to emit a red warning light simulating the upper left visual radiation area. Figure 5 In the middle g region), the light-emitting units corresponding to the lower right quadrant visual field of both eyes downstream of this section are turned off, and the visual field defect pattern of binocular right homonymous lower quadrant hemianopsia is generated synchronously on the display 403. Figure 6 (Part g)

[0055] When the user selects the "Occipital Lobe Visual Center Damage" mode, the controller 401 recognizes the command signal and controls the electrical signal indicator strip 302 to emit a red warning light simulating the light strip section of the left occipital lobe. Figure 5 In the middle h region), the light-emitting units corresponding to the right visual field of both eyes downstream of this section are turned off, and a defect pattern of complete blackness in the right half of the visual field of both eyes but preservation of the central macular field is generated synchronously on the display. Figure 6 (middle h part).

[0056] Students can use the anatomical diagrams on the back panel 301 to intuitively understand the correspondence between different lesion locations and visual field defect types, and master the logic of clinical neuro-ophthalmological localization diagnosis.

[0057] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge regarding specific technical solutions or characteristics is not elaborated upon here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A dynamic simulation teaching device for the retinal visual pathway, characterized in that, include: The eye module (1) includes a sclera (101), in which a cornea (102), a lens (103) and a vitreous body (104) are arranged according to the human anatomical structure, and a light path indicator strip (105) is arranged along the light propagation path. The retinal module (2) includes a substrate (201) and a plurality of photoreceptor cell models (202) and a plurality of activation indicator lights (203) arranged in an array on the substrate (201). The photoreceptor cell models (202) are provided with a photosensitive sensor (204) and a color sensor (205). The brain region module (3) includes a back plate (301) disposed on the substrate (201) and an electrical signal indicator strip (302) disposed on the back plate (301), wherein each of the electrical signal indicator strips (302) is arranged according to the human visual nerve conduction pathway; The interaction module (4) includes a controller (401), a camera (402), a display (403), and a communication module (404). The controller (401) is electrically connected to the photosensitive sensor (204), the color sensor (205), the light path indicator strip (105), the activation indicator (203), the electrical signal indicator strip (302), the communication module (404), the camera (402), and the display (403), and is configured to: drive the activation indicator (203) next to the corresponding photoreceptor cell model (202) to light up according to the detection signals of the photosensitive sensor (204) and the color sensor (205), and drive the light path indicator strip (105) and the electrical signal indicator strip (302) to light up segment by segment in sequence; control the light-emitting unit in the corresponding area of ​​the electrical signal indicator strip (302) to turn off according to the external command received through the communication module (404), and synchronously display the corresponding visual field defect pattern on the display (403).

2. The retinal visual pathway dynamic simulation teaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photoreceptor cell model (202) includes a rod cell model and a cone cell model. The rod cell model is equipped with a photosensitive sensor (204). When the photosensitive sensor (204) detects light, the controller (401) drives the corresponding activation indicator (203) next to the rod cell model to light up. The cone cell model includes short-wavelength, medium-wavelength, and long-wavelength cone cell models. The color sensors (205) set on the three models have the highest spectral sensitivity to blue light, green light, and red light, respectively. When the color sensor (205) detects light of the corresponding wavelength band, the controller (401) drives the corresponding activation indicator (203) next to the cone cell model to light up.

3. The retinal visual pathway dynamic simulation teaching device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer surfaces of the short-wavelength, medium-wavelength, and long-wavelength cone cell models are coated with blue, green, and red, respectively, for differentiation; the activation indicator lights (203) corresponding to the short-wavelength, medium-wavelength, and long-wavelength cone cell models emit blue, green, and red light, respectively.

4. The retinal visual pathway dynamic simulation teaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate (201) is a high-transmittance rigid plate, and the back plate (301) is a non-transmittance rigid plate. Its surface is printed with a schematic diagram of the human visual neural pathway corresponding to the arrangement position of the electrical signal indicator strip (302).

5. The retinal visual pathway dynamic simulation teaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller (401) is also configured to adjust the lighting speed of the light path indicator strip (105) in real time according to the light intensity detected by the photosensitive sensor (204); the higher the light intensity, the faster the flow speed, so as to simulate the visual light and dark adaptation mechanism.

6. The retinal visual pathway dynamic simulation teaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module (404) is used to wirelessly connect with an external smartphone and receive mode selection instructions issued by the user, including normal mode and multiple damage modes.

7. The retinal visual pathway dynamic simulation teaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A placement frame (5) is provided on the substrate (201), and the eyeball module (1) is placed on the placement frame (5).

8. The retinal visual pathway dynamic simulation teaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sclera (101) is divided into two hemispheres, which are fixed together by magnetic attraction.

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