A macular degeneration teaching device and simulation method

Abstract

This invention provides a macular degeneration teaching device and simulation method, comprising: a simulated vitreous body with a macular region on one side; a simulated sclera disposed on the outer side of the simulated vitreous body; a simulated cone cell layer, a simulated pigment epithelial cell layer, a simulated drusen layer, and a simulated choroid layer sequentially arranged from the macular region to the simulated sclera; a simulated drusen layer located between the simulated pigment epithelial cell layer and the simulated drusen layer; an injection tube communicating with the simulated drusen layer for injecting a filling medium into the simulated drusen layer; and a simulated blood vessel located between the simulated vitreous cavity and the simulated sclera. Compared with the prior art, the macular degeneration teaching device and simulation method provided by this invention can simulate and demonstrate the process of macular degeneration, and its simulation and demonstration effects are better.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical model technology, and in particular to a macular degeneration teaching device and simulation method. Background Technology

[0002] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in people over 50 years of age. It primarily attacks the macula, the core of the retina, leading to severe impairment of fine visual functions such as reading and facial recognition. Its core mechanism is the decline in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) function, triggering a series of subsequent pathological cascades. Pathological changes mainly involve degenerative changes in the outer retina, pigment epithelial cells, drusen, and choroidal capillary layer, characterized by extracellular deposits in the macular region. Dry (atrophic) AMD accounts for 85%–90% of cases, progresses slowly, and is characterized by pigment epithelial cell atrophy and drusen deposition; it is relatively better in the early stages, but can lead to blindness. Wet (neovascular / exudative) AMD accounts for 10%–15%. It progresses extremely rapidly, with abnormal vascular growth in the choroid leading to hemorrhage / edema; this type causes 90% of blindness.

[0003] In some scenarios, ophthalmologists need to explain the principles of macular degeneration, such as before eye surgery. However, because patients are not ophthalmologists and lack understanding of the structure and function of the eye, it is difficult for them to understand when medical staff explain the principles of macular degeneration using only pictures or verbal descriptions. This can lead to communication barriers during preoperative briefings and potentially cause postoperative disputes. Similarly, in clinical learning, students may have a limited understanding of ocular anatomy, and if instructors rely solely on pictures or verbal descriptions, students may not fully grasp the teaching content, resulting in poor teaching outcomes.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a macular degeneration teaching device and simulation method that can simulate and demonstrate the process of macular degeneration, and better simulation and demonstration effects are a pressing need in the field of ophthalmology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the current lack of commercially available educational devices that simulate the mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), this invention provides a macular degeneration educational device and simulation method. This device can simulate and demonstrate the process of macular degeneration, offering superior simulation and demonstration effects, which is urgently needed in the field of ophthalmology.

[0006] A macular degeneration teaching device, comprising: A simulated vitreous body, wherein a macular region is provided on one side of the simulated vitreous body; A simulated sclera is disposed on the outer side of the simulated vitreous body; From the macula to the simulated sclera, a simulated cone cell layer, a simulated pigment epithelial cell layer, a simulated vitrectomyeloid membrane layer, and a simulated choroidal membrane layer are arranged sequentially. The simulated drusen layer is located between the simulated pigmented epithelial cell layer and the simulated vitrectomy membrane layer; A first injection tube, connected to the simulated drusen layer, is used to inject a filling medium into the simulated drusen layer; Simulated blood vessels located between the simulated vitreous body and the simulated sclera; A second injection tube, connected to the simulated blood vessel, is used to inject colored dye into the simulated blood vessel.

[0007] Preferably, the simulated blood vessel comprises: The main conduit, which is disposed within the simulated choroidal membrane layer and communicates with the second injection tube; A branch channel is provided at the end of the main channel away from the simulated sclera. At least two branch channels are provided, and the ends of the branch channels extend into at least one of the simulated cone cell layer, the simulated pigment epithelial cell layer, and the simulated vitrectomyeloid membrane layer.

[0008] Preferably, the simulated blood vessel further includes: A bladder is disposed at the end of the branch pipe away from the main pipe, and a pressure-driven membrane is disposed between the bladder and the branch pipe. The pressure-driven membrane is configured to allow liquid from the high-pressure side to pass through and enter the low-pressure side.

[0009] Preferably, the inlets of the first injection tube and the second injection tube are located on the outside of the simulated sclera.

[0010] Preferably, the injection tube is connected to the simulated vitreous body, and the inlet of the injection tube is located on the outside of the simulated sclera.

[0011] Preferably, the inlet of the first injection tube, the second injection tube, and the liquid injection tube are all provided with a stopper cap, which is used in conjunction with a syringe.

[0012] Preferably, the simulated drusen layer comprises: The first connecting layer connected to the simulated pigmented epithelial cell layer; A second connecting layer is connected to the simulated glass film layer. The side of the second connecting layer away from the simulated glass film layer is connected to the first connecting layer. A receiving cavity is formed between the second connecting layer and the first connecting layer. The receiving cavity is used to receive the filling medium injected by the first injection tube.

[0013] A method for simulating macular degeneration, employing the macular degeneration teaching device described in any one of the above claims, the simulation method comprising: The formation process of intraocular drusen deposits is simulated by injecting a filling medium into the simulated drusen layer through a first injection tube; and / or; A colored liquid is injected into the simulated blood vessel through a second injection tube to simulate the state of new blood vessel formation.

[0014] Preferably, the neovascularization state includes: The colored liquid enters the branch pipe through the main pipe to simulate the formation of new blood vessels; The colored liquid enters the sac through the branch pipe to simulate the process of blood vessel rupture.

[0015] Preferably, the simulation method further includes: Liquid is injected into the simulated vitreous body through an injection tube to simulate the process of drug injection into the vitreous body. The colored liquid in the simulated blood vessel is drawn out using a syringe to simulate the treatment process for macular degeneration.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the macular degeneration teaching device provided by this invention includes a simulated vitreous body and a simulated sclera. The simulated vitreous body has a macular region on one side, and the simulated sclera is located on the outer side of the simulated vitreous body. From the macular region to the simulated sclera, a simulated cone cell layer, a simulated pigment epithelial cell layer, a simulated drusen layer, and a simulated choroidal layer are sequentially arranged to simulate the structure of the eye. Next, a simulated drusen layer and a first injection tube are provided. The simulated drusen layer is located between the simulated pigment epithelial cell layer and the simulated drusen layer. The first injection tube is connected to the simulated drusen layer, and a filling medium is injected into the simulated drusen layer through the first injection tube to simulate drusen deposition in dry macular degeneration. A simulated blood vessel and a second injection tube are also provided. The simulated blood vessel is located between the simulated vitreous body and the simulated sclera, and the second injection tube is connected to the simulated blood vessel. A colored liquid is injected into the simulated blood vessel through the second injection tube to simulate the neovascularization state in wet macular degeneration. This allows for a manual demonstration of the principles of macular degeneration and the realization of the tissue changes in the pathological mechanism of macular degeneration.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the macular degeneration teaching device provided by this invention can simulate and demonstrate the process of macular degeneration, and its simulation and demonstration effects are better, which is an urgent need in the field of ophthalmology.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for simulating macular degeneration, using the macular degeneration teaching device of any of the above claims. The simulation method includes injecting a filling medium into the simulated drusen layer through a first injection tube to simulate the formation process of drusen deposits in the eye; and / or injecting a colored liquid into the simulated blood vessel through a second injection tube to simulate neovascularization. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a macular degeneration teaching device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the macular degeneration region in the macular degeneration teaching device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a structure for simulating the formation of drusen, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Reference numerals: 1. Simulated vitreous body; 2. Simulated sclera; 3. Simulated cone cell layer; 4. Simulated pigment epithelial cell layer; 5. Simulated vitrectomyeloid layer; 6. Simulated choroidal layer; 7. Simulated drusen layer; 8. Simulated blood vessel; 11. Macula; 12. Injection tube; 13. Cornea; 14. Iris; 15. Lens; 71. First injection tube; 72. First connecting layer; 73. Second connecting layer; 74. Receptacle; 81. Second injection tube; 82. Main conduit; 83. Branch conduit; 84. Capsule; 85. Pressure-driven membrane. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly set on the other component; when a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to the other component.

[0024] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only used to complement the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in the art to understand and read, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which this application can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and purposes that this application can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this application.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides a macular degeneration teaching device, comprising: a simulated vitreous body 1, wherein a macular region 11 is disposed on one side of the simulated vitreous body 1; a simulated sclera 2, disposed on the outer side of the simulated vitreous body 1; a simulated cone cell layer 3, a simulated pigment epithelial cell layer 4, a simulated vitrectomy membrane layer 5, and a simulated choroidal layer 6 arranged sequentially from the macular region 11 to the simulated sclera 2; a simulated drusen layer 7 located between the simulated pigment epithelial cell layer 4 and the simulated vitrectomy membrane layer 5; a first injection tube 71 communicating with the simulated drusen layer 7 for injecting a filling medium into the simulated drusen layer 7; a simulated blood vessel 8 located between the simulated vitreous body 1 and the simulated sclera 2; and a second injection tube 81 communicating with the simulated blood vessel 8 for injecting a colored dye into the simulated blood vessel 8.

[0026] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in people over 50 years of age. It primarily attacks the core macula of the retina, leading to severe impairment of fine visual functions such as reading and facial recognition. Its core mechanism is the decline in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell function, triggering a series of subsequent pathological cascades. Pathological changes mainly manifest as degenerative changes in the outer retina, RPE, Bruch's membrane, and choroidal capillary layer, with extracellular deposits in the macula as a typical feature. Dry (atrophic) AMD accounts for 85%–90% of cases, progresses slowly, and is characterized by RPE atrophy and drusen deposition; it is relatively better than other types, but can lead to blindness in later stages. Wet (neovascular / exudative) AMD accounts for 10%–15%. It progresses extremely rapidly, with abnormal choroidal vascular growth leading to hemorrhage / edema; this type causes 90% of blindness. Currently, there are no commercially available methods for live demonstrations of the mechanisms, treatment, or manual demonstrations of age-related macular degeneration. Because the recipients of the demonstrations are not ophthalmologists, they lack understanding of the structure and function of the eye. When medical staff explain the mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration, relying solely on pictures or verbal descriptions makes it difficult for patients to understand. This leads to communication barriers during preoperative briefings and poses a potential risk of postoperative disputes. Similarly, during clinical internships, ophthalmology students often have only a superficial understanding of ocular anatomy. Instructors' reliance on pictures or verbal descriptions fails to provide sufficient comprehension for students, resulting in ineffective teaching.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the macular degeneration teaching device provided by the present invention includes a simulated vitreous body 1 and a simulated sclera 2. A macular region 11 is provided on one side of the simulated vitreous body 1, and the simulated sclera 2 is located on the outer side of the simulated vitreous body 1. From the macular region 11 to the simulated sclera 2, a simulated cone cell layer 3, a simulated pigment epithelial cell layer 4, a simulated drusen layer 5, and a simulated choroid layer 6 are sequentially arranged to simulate the structure of the eye. Furthermore, a simulated drusen layer 7 and a first injection tube 71 are also provided. The simulated drusen layer 7 is provided with… Between the simulated pigmented epithelial cell layer 4 and the simulated drusen layer 5, a first injection tube 71 is connected to the simulated drusen layer 7. A filling medium is injected into the simulated drusen layer 7 through the first injection tube 71 to simulate drusen deposition in dry macular degeneration. A simulated blood vessel 8 and a second injection tube 81 are also provided. The simulated blood vessel 8 is located between the simulated vitreous body and the simulated sclera 2. The second injection tube 81 is connected to the simulated blood vessel 8, and a colored liquid is injected into the simulated blood vessel 8 through the second injection tube 81 to simulate the neovascularization state in wet macular degeneration. This allows for a manual demonstration of the principles of macular degeneration and the tissue changes characteristic of its pathological mechanisms.

[0028] Compared with existing technologies, the macular degeneration teaching device provided by this invention can simulate and demonstrate the process of macular degeneration, and its simulation and demonstration effects are better, which is an urgent need in the field of ophthalmology.

[0029] The macular degeneration teaching device provided by this invention is designed to simulate the pathological changes in the fundus structure of age-related macular degeneration. The sagittal plane structure of the eye is made of special materials and dyes to simulate the occurrence and treatment mechanism of age-related macular degeneration, resulting in a high degree of simulation. The sagittal plane structure of the eye here includes the cornea, sclera, iris, ciliary body, anterior chamber, anterior chamber angle, lens, vitreous cavity, optic disc, and macular region 11.

[0030] Macular degeneration mainly occurs between the macula 11 and the choroid. For easier demonstration, it is understood that, compared with the actual situation, the macular degeneration teaching device provided by the present invention displays the microstructure of the macula 11, with a simulated cone cell layer 3, a simulated pigment epithelial cell layer 4, a simulated vitreous membrane layer 5, and a simulated choroid layer 6 between the macula 11 and the sclera.

[0031] The photoreceptor cells in the cone cell layer are slender and densely packed structures. To simulate cone cell layer 3, transparent heat shrink tubing or 3D-printed transparent ABS rods are used. The heat shrink tubing can be shrunk into a slender shape after heating to simulate the rod-like structure of cone cells. The heat shrink tubing is cut into lengths of 10mm to 15mm, and after heating and shrinking, it is arranged into a single layer (with a spacing of 1mm to 2mm) to simulate cone cell layer 3.

[0032] 3D printed transparent ABS rods are highly precise, can be mass-produced, and are more convenient to manufacture.

[0033] The pigment epithelium has a blocky structure and is viscoelastic. To simulate the pigment epithelium, silicone material (Shore hardness 30A to 40A) or EVA foam board (thickness 2mm to 3mm) can be used. Silicone material is soft and elastic and can be processed into hexagonal or polygonal blocks to simulate individual pigment epithelial cells. Silicone material can also produce slight deformation (thus simulating the bulge caused by pressure from drusen). EVA foam board is easy to cut, low in cost, and more suitable for processing.

[0034] During processing, silicone material or EVA foam board can be cut into hexagonal blocks (5mm to 8mm on each side), arranged in a single layer, and the surface can be dotted with black dye (including but not limited to acrylic pigment) to simulate pigment epithelium.

[0035] The glass film layer has a thin-film structure. The simulated glass film layer 5 is made of ultra-thin polyester film (0.05mm to 0.1mm thick) or PTFE (Teflon) film. The ultra-thin polyester film is transparent and flexible, and can be cut into sheets of the same size as the glass film layer; the PTFE film has a smoother surface and can be used to simulate the low-friction properties of the Bruch membrane. During fabrication, it can be laser-cut or cut into rectangles (matching the size of the RPE layer) and sandwiched between the simulated pigment epithelium layer and the simulated choroidal membrane layer 6.

[0036] The choroid has a vascular network shape. The simulated choroid layer 6 can be made of multiple layers of colored transparent film (red, dark red, black) or hydrogel / agar mixture. The colored film is stacked and perforated to simulate the density of blood vessels (dark color represents dense blood vessel areas); hydrogel or agar can be made into a translucent gel and embedded with red dye to simulate blood vessels (it needs to be dried and set).

[0037] If color film is used for processing, a punch can be used to punch dense small dots (1mm to 2mm in diameter) on the red film, and after multiple layers are stacked (red + dark red + black), it can be cut into the shape of choroid.

[0038] If agar is used for processing, the agar and red dye can be heated to dissolve, poured into a mold (with small holes), and cooled to form a blood vessel-like gel block.

[0039] In the above structure, as one embodiment, the simulated blood vessel 8 in this embodiment of the invention includes a main channel 82 and branch channels 83. The main channel 82 is disposed in the simulated choroidal layer 6, and a branch channel 83 is disposed at the end of the main channel 82 away from the simulated sclera 2. At least two branch channels 83 are provided, and the ends of the branch channels 83 extend into at least one of the simulated cone cell layer 3, the simulated pigment epithelial cell layer 4, and the simulated vitrectomyeloid layer 5.

[0040] Specifically, in simulating wet macular degeneration, colored liquid can be injected into the main pipe 82 through the second injection tube 81. The colored liquid enters the branch pipe 83 through the main pipe 82. If the end of the branch pipe 83 is located between the simulated pigment epithelial cell layer 4 and the simulated vitrectomyeloid layer 5, it is used to simulate neovascularization. If the end of the branch pipe 83 passes through the simulated pigment epithelial cell layer and enters the simulated cone cell layer 3, when the colored liquid enters the simulated cone cell layer 3 through the main pipe 82 and the branch pipe 83, it is used to simulate neovascularization breaking through the pigment epithelial cell layer.

[0041] Furthermore, as a more preferred embodiment, the simulated blood vessel 8 in this embodiment of the invention also includes a pouch 84, wherein the pouch 84 is disposed at the end of the branch pipe 83 away from the main pipe 82, and a pressure-driven membrane 85 is disposed between the pouch 84 and the branch pipe 83, the pressure-driven membrane 85 being configured to allow liquid from the high-pressure side to pass through and enter the low-pressure side.

[0042] Specifically, the pressure of the liquid in the branch pipe 83 is further increased. Under the action of the pressure on both sides of the pressure-driven membrane 85, the colored liquid in the branch pipe 83 passes through the pressure-driven membrane 85 and enters the sac 84 to simulate the process of blood vessel 8 rupture and bleeding.

[0043] In order to more realistically simulate new blood vessels, as one preferred embodiment, the colored dye is specifically a red dye. Food coloring, methylene blue and red ink can be mixed to simulate the color of blood vessels. If it is necessary to distinguish between blood plasma and red blood cells, different concentrations of red dye can be mixed.

[0044] The main conduit 82 is made of transparent silicone tubing (inner diameter 0.5mm to 1mm, outer diameter 1mm to 2mm) or thin transparent PVC tubing (medical grade). The silicone or PVC tubing is transparent and flexible, and can be manually bent into a branched shape. Its small inner diameter (0.5mm) facilitates the injection of dye, and its moderate outer diameter (1-2mm) simulates the thickness of blood vessels 8. During fabrication, the silicone tubing can be cut into 10-15mm segments with scissors, and then heated and bent into a Y or tree-like shape with a heat gun to simulate the branching of newly formed blood vessels.

[0045] The pouch 84 is made of soft silicone or TPU and is used to simulate a hematoma cavity or bleeding area. The pressure-driven membrane 85 is a dialysis membrane (molecular weight cutoff 1000Da-5000Da, thickness 0.02mm-0.05mm) or a nitrocellulose membrane (NC membrane, thickness 0.05mm-0.1mm). The dialysis membrane and NC membrane have selective permeability (allowing small molecule dyes to pass through while blocking large molecule particles) to simulate leakage when the blood vessel 8 ruptures. The membrane is thin and flexible and can be fitted inside the pouch 84.

[0046] During fabrication, the dialysis membrane or NC membrane is cut into the shape of a small bag 84 (such as an oval shape, with a major axis of 2mm-3mm and a minor axis of 1mm-2mm), and sealed with silicone or UV glue at the connection between the bag 84 and the branch tube 83.

[0047] In the above structure, as one embodiment, the inlets of the first injection tube 71 and the second injection tube 81 of the macular degeneration teaching device in this embodiment of the invention are located on the outside of the simulated sclera 2, and liquid is injected into the first injection tube 71 and the second injection tube 81 through the inlets.

[0048] In the above structure, as one embodiment, the macular degeneration teaching device in this invention also includes an injection tube 12, which is connected to the simulated vitreous body 1 and is used for the process of injecting drugs into the vitreous cavity. The inlet of the injection tube 12 is located on the outside of the sclera.

[0049] In the above structure, as one embodiment, the macular degeneration teaching device in this invention also includes a stopper cap. The stopper cap is respectively disposed at the inlet of the first injection tube 71, the second injection tube 81 and the injection tube 12. The stopper cap is used in conjunction with the syringe. The stopper cap is made of rubber or silicone to simulate a sealed interface, which facilitates syringe puncture.

[0050] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the invention, the plug cap is connected to the first injection tube 71, the second injection tube 81, and the injection tube 12 by threads; or, the plug cap is connected to the first injection tube 71, the second injection tube 81, and the injection tube 12 by an interference fit.

[0051] Furthermore, the first injection tube 71, the second injection tube 81, and the injection tube 12 can be made of medical-grade silicone tubing (inner diameter 0.3mm-0.5mm, outer diameter 1mm-2mm) or PU tubing (polyurethane tubing).

[0052] In the above structure, as one embodiment, the simulated drusen layer 7 of the present invention includes a first connecting layer 72 and a second connecting layer 73. The first connecting layer 72 is connected to the simulated pigmented epithelial cell layer 4; the second connecting layer 73 is connected to the simulated glass membrane layer 5. The second connecting layer 73 is connected to the first connecting layer 72. A receiving cavity 74 is formed between the second connecting layer 73 and the first connecting layer 72. The receiving cavity 74 is used to receive the filling medium injected by the first injection tube 71.

[0053] Furthermore, as one specific implementation, the accommodating cavity 74 in this embodiment of the invention is specifically a crescent-shaped structure.

[0054] Specifically, the first connecting layer 72 and the second connecting layer 73 can be made of silicone (Shore hardness 20A-30A) or TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) film (thickness 0.1mm-0.2mm). The silicone or TPU material is soft and malleable, and can simulate the elastic wrapping characteristics of the capsule wall; the TPU film is thinner and can fit into the simulated pigment epithelial cell layer 4 to form a crescent shape.

[0055] During manufacturing, a crescent-shaped sheet is cast from silicone (or hot-pressed from TPU film) and adhered to a designated area between the simulated pigmented epithelial cell layer 4 and the simulated glass membrane layer 5. A second connecting layer 73 and the first connecting layer 72 are bonded together to form a receiving cavity 74, which is used to receive the filling medium injected by the first injection tube 71, thereby simulating the process of drusen deposition.

[0056] Furthermore, as one embodiment, a filling medium is delivered into the accommodating cavity 74 via an injection tube. In this embodiment of the invention, the filling medium is a yellow dye (such as food coloring and acrylic yellow) to simulate the lipid deposition appearance of drusen.

[0057] A syringe injects yellow dye through the first injection tube 71. The yellow dye diffuses between the accommodating cavities 74, and the first connecting layer 72 and the second connecting layer 73 bulge under the pressure of the yellow dye, forming a crescent-shaped structure (to simulate drusen deposition). When drusen deposition occurs, bulges form in the concave areas of the macular region 11.

[0058] The present invention provides a method for simulating macular degeneration, using any of the above-mentioned macular degeneration teaching devices. The simulation method includes injecting a filling medium into the simulated drusen through a first injection tube 71 to simulate the formation process of drusen deposits in the eye; and / or injecting a colored liquid into the simulated blood vessel 8 through a second injection tube 81 to simulate the state of neovascularization.

[0059] Specifically, a syringe is inserted into the first injection tube 71 to inject a yellow dye into the simulated drusen, forming a crescent-shaped bulge between the simulated pigmented epithelial cell layer 4 and the simulated drusen membrane layer 5. The syringe needle is then removed to simulate the formation process of drusen deposits in dry macular degeneration. A syringe is then inserted into the second injection tube 81 to inject a red liquid into the simulated blood vessel 8 to simulate neovascularization, thus simulating the neovascularization state in wet macular degeneration.

[0060] Furthermore, as one embodiment of the invention, the angiogenesis state in this embodiment includes: a colored liquid entering a branch pipe 83 via the main pipe 82 to simulate the formation of new blood vessels; and the colored liquid entering a sac 84 via the branch pipe 83 to simulate the rupture of blood vessel 8.

[0061] Specifically, if the end of the branch pipe 83 is located between the simulated pigment epithelial cell layer 4 and the glass membrane layer, it is used to simulate the normal state of neovascularization. If the end of the branch pipe 83 passes through the simulated pigment epithelial cells and enters the simulated cone cell layer 3, when the colored liquid enters the simulated cone cell layer 3 through the main pipe 82 and the branch pipe 83, it is used to simulate the state of neovascularization breaking through the pigment epithelial cell layer.

[0062] When the pressure of the injected colored liquid is too high, after the branch pipe 83 is filled with colored liquid, the colored liquid is injected into the sac 84 through the pressure-driven membrane 85, and the syringe needle is pulled out to simulate the bleeding process of blood vessel 8 rupture.

[0063] In one of the above methods, the macular degeneration simulation method provided by the present invention further includes injecting liquid into the simulated vitreous body 1 through the injection tube 12 to simulate the process of drug injection into the vitreous cavity; and drawing out the colored liquid in the simulated blood vessel 8 through a syringe to simulate the process of treating macular degeneration.

[0064] When the syringe needle is inserted into the second injection tube 81, colored liquid is aspirated to simulate the process of injecting medication into the vitreous body to treat wet macular degeneration.

[0065] Furthermore, the structures in the macular degeneration teaching device in the embodiments of the present invention are all made of transparent materials, and the built-in structures in the embodiments of the present invention can be replaced by materials such as acrylic and plastic.

[0066] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, but these improvements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A macular degeneration teaching device, characterized in that, include: A simulated vitreous body (1) has a macular region (11) on one side. A simulated sclera (2) is disposed on the outside of the simulated vitreous body (1); From the macula (11) to the simulated sclera (2), the simulated cone cell layer (3), the simulated pigment epithelial cell layer (4), the simulated vitrectomy membrane layer (5) and the simulated choroidal layer (6) are arranged sequentially. The simulated drusen layer (7) is located between the simulated pigmented epithelial cell layer (4) and the simulated vitrectomy membrane layer (5). A first injection tube (71) is connected to the simulated drusen layer (7) and is used to inject a filling medium into the simulated drusen layer (7). The simulated blood vessel (8) is located between the simulated vitreous body (1) and the simulated sclera (2). A second injection tube (81) is connected to the simulated blood vessel (8) and is used to inject colored dye into the simulated blood vessel (8).

2. The macular degeneration teaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated blood vessel (8) includes: The main conduit (82) is disposed within the simulated choroidal membrane layer (6) and communicates with the second injection tube (81). A branch channel (83) is provided at one end of the main channel (82) away from the simulated sclera (2). At least two branch channels (83) are provided, and the ends of the branch channels (83) extend into at least one of the simulated cone cell layer (3), the simulated pigment epithelial cell layer (4), and the simulated vitrectomyeloid layer (5).

3. The macular degeneration teaching device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The simulated blood vessel (8) also includes: A bladder (84) is disposed at one end of the branch pipe (83) away from the main pipe (82), and a pressure-driven membrane (85) is disposed between the bladder (84) and the branch pipe (83), the pressure-driven membrane (85) being configured to allow liquid from the high-pressure side to pass through and enter the low-pressure side.

4. The macular degeneration teaching device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The inlets of the first injection tube (71) and the second injection tube (81) are located on the outside of the simulated sclera (2).

5. The macular degeneration teaching device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Also includes: Injection tube (12), which is connected to the simulated vitreous body (1), and the inlet of the injection tube (12) is located on the outside of the simulated sclera (2).

6. The macular degeneration teaching device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inlet of the first injection tube, the second injection tube, and the liquid injection tube are all provided with stoppers, which are used in conjunction with a syringe.

7. The macular degeneration teaching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated drusen layer (7) includes: The first connecting layer (72) is connected to the simulated pigmented epithelial cell layer (4); A second connecting layer (73) is connected to the simulated glass film layer (5). The side of the second connecting layer (73) away from the simulated glass film layer (5) is connected to the first connecting layer (72). A receiving cavity (74) is formed between the second connecting layer (73) and the first connecting layer (72). The receiving cavity (74) is used to receive the filling medium injected by the first injection tube (71).

8. A method for simulating macular degeneration, characterized in that, Using the macular degeneration teaching device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the simulation method includes: The formation process of intraocular drusen deposits is simulated by injecting a filling medium into the simulated drusen layer through a first injection tube; and / or; A colored liquid is injected into the simulated blood vessel through a second injection tube to simulate the state of new blood vessel formation.

9. The method for simulating macular degeneration according to claim 8, characterized in that, The neovascularization state includes: The colored liquid enters the branch pipe through the main pipe to simulate the formation of new blood vessels; The colored liquid enters the sac through the branch pipe to simulate the process of blood vessel rupture.

10. The method for simulating macular degeneration according to claim 8, characterized in that, The simulation method further includes: Liquid is injected into the simulated vitreous body through an injection tube to simulate the process of drug injection into the vitreous body. The colored liquid in the simulated blood vessel is drawn out using a syringe to simulate the treatment process for macular degeneration.

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