Switching switch, switching circuit and switching method

Abstract

This application discloses a switching switch, a switching circuit, and a switching method, belonging to the field of switching technology. The switching switch includes a first contact, a second contact, a third contact, a fourth contact, and a conductive connector. The conductive connector has a first position and a second position. When the conductive connector is in the first position, it connects the second contact and the third contact, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are connected in series. When the conductive connector is in the second position, it connects the first contact and the third contact, and also connects the second contact and the fourth contact, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are connected in parallel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of switch technology, and in particular to a switching switch, switching circuit and switching method. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of new energy vehicle technology, in order to take into account the advantages of the 800V high-voltage platform in terms of fast charging performance, system efficiency, and energy consumption, while also adapting to the currently widespread 400V charging infrastructure, power battery systems typically need to have the ability to flexibly switch between 400V and 800V voltage levels. For example, a dual-battery module architecture can be adopted, dividing the battery pack into two 400V battery sub-modules. By controlling a switching switch, the two sub-modules can be connected in parallel or in series, thereby switching between 400V and 800V voltage levels.

[0003] However, in order to meet the electrical connection and switching requirements of both parallel and series operation modes, the switching switch needs to be equipped with a large number of intermediate conductive connectors to achieve electrical connection, resulting in a large number of switch contacts and a more complex overall structure, which poses a higher risk during high-voltage switching. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a switching switch, a switching circuit, and a switching method to at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this application, a switching switch is provided. The switching switch includes a first contact, a second contact, a third contact, a fourth contact, and a conductive connector. The first contact is used to connect to the positive terminal of a first external power supply; the second contact is used to connect to the negative terminal of the first external power supply; the third contact is used to connect to the positive terminal of a second external power supply; and the fourth contact is used to connect to the negative terminal of the second external power supply. The conductive connector has a first position and a second position. When in the first position, the conductive connector connects the second contact and the third contact, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are connected in series. When in the second position, the conductive connector connects the first contact and the third contact, and also connects the second contact and the fourth contact, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are connected in parallel.

[0006] According to a second aspect of this application, this disclosure provides a switching circuit, including a switching switch, a monitoring module, and a control module. The switching switch includes the aforementioned switching switch. The monitoring module is used to connect the switching switch, a first external power supply, and a second external power supply to obtain position information of the switching switch and status information of the first and second external power supplies. The control module is connected to the monitoring module and the switching switch and is used to control a first connector and a second connector to switch between a first position and a second position based on the position information and status information.

[0007] According to a third aspect of this application, this disclosure provides a switching method applicable to the aforementioned switching switch or the aforementioned switching circuit, the switching method comprising: S1. Control the conductive connector to switch between a first position and a second position, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply switch between a series state and a parallel state.

[0008] In the switching switch of this application embodiment, the second contact and the third contact are connected in a first position via a first connector or a second connector, while the other connector remains unused, thus achieving series connection of the first external power supply and the second external power supply. By connecting the first contact and the third contact in a second position via the first connector, and connecting the second contact and the fourth contact in a second position via the second connector, a stable parallel connection of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is achieved. By utilizing the cooperation of the contacts and connectors to complete the series-parallel mode switching, the number of contacts and intermediate conductive connectors required by the switching switch is reduced, simplifying the overall structure of the switching switch and reducing the risks during high-voltage switching.

[0009] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0010] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first type of switch provided in the exemplary embodiment of this disclosure when it is in the first position; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram provided shows the structure of the first type of switch in the second position; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of switch provided in the exemplary embodiment of this disclosure when it is in the first position; Figure 4 This is a partial circuit connection diagram of the switching switch provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first switching circuit provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second switching circuit provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third switching circuit provided in the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the H-bridge driver module provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the switching method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 10 This is a flowchart of S101 in the switching method provided in the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 11 This is a flowchart of S102 in the switching method provided in the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 12 This is a flowchart of S103 in the switching method provided in the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 13 This is a flowchart of S10321 to S10323 in the switching method provided in the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 14 This is a flowchart of S104 in the switching method provided in the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 15 This is a flowchart of S1042 in the switching method provided in the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 16 This is a flowchart of S1043 in the switching method provided in the exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0012] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Switch; 11. First contact; 12. Second contact; 13. Third contact; 14. Fourth contact; 15. Conductive connector; 151. First connector; 152. Second connector; 17. Drive mechanism; 171. Motor; 1711. First position sensor; 1712. Limiting mechanism; 18. Second position sensor; 2. Monitoring module; 21. Voltage monitoring unit; 22. Current monitoring unit; 23. Temperature monitoring unit; 24. Insulation monitoring unit; 3. Control module. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0014] According to the first aspect of this application, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This disclosure provides a switch 1, which includes a first contact 11, a second contact 12, a third contact 13, a fourth contact 14, and a conductive connector 15. The first contact 11 is used to connect to the positive terminal of a first external power supply; the second contact 12 is used to connect to the negative terminal of the first external power supply; the third contact 13 is used to connect to the positive terminal of a second external power supply; and the fourth contact 14 is used to connect to the negative terminal of the second external power supply. The conductive connector 15 has a first position and a second position. When in the first position, the conductive connector 15 connects the second contact 12 and the third contact 13, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are connected in series. When in the second position, the conductive connector 15 connects the first contact 11 and the third contact 13, and also connects the second contact 12 and the fourth contact 14, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are connected in parallel.

[0015] It is understandable that the first and second external power supplies can be two 400V battery sub-modules in the new energy vehicle battery pack, used to achieve the conversion between 400V and 800V voltage levels. The first contact 11, second contact 12, third contact 13, and fourth contact 14 are conductive terminals, where the first contact 11 and second contact 12 serve as the positive and negative interfaces of the first battery sub-module, and the third contact 13 and fourth contact 14 serve as the positive and negative interfaces of the second battery sub-module. The conductive connector 15 can be a movable conductive connector, with its first and second positions representing two different conductive connection postures.

[0016] When the switch 1 is in the first position, the conductive connector 15 connects the second contact 12 and the third contact 13. Then, the negative terminal of the first external power supply is connected to the positive terminal of the second external power supply through the conductive connector 15. The positive terminal of the first external power supply and the negative terminal of the second external power supply are respectively output as the positive and negative terminals of the series circuit.

[0017] When the switch 1 is in the second position, the conductive connector 15 connects the first contact 11 and the third contact 13, so that the positive terminal of the first external power supply is connected to the positive terminal of the second external power supply. The conductive connector 15 also connects the second contact 12 and the fourth contact 14, so that the negative terminal of the first external power supply is connected to the negative terminal of the second external power supply, thereby realizing the parallel connection of the first external power supply and the second external power supply.

[0018] In some embodiments, by setting a first contact 11, a second contact 12, a third contact 13, and a fourth contact 14, respectively connecting the positive and negative terminals of the first and second external power supplies, a clear electrical connection node is provided for the series-parallel switching of the two external power supplies. Through the switching of the conductive connector 15 between the first and second positions, and the coordination of different connection states, the series-parallel mode conversion of the first and second external power supplies is reliably realized. This reduces the number of contacts and connectors required for switching, simplifies the structure of the switching switch 1, and reduces safety risks during high-voltage switching.

[0019] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, the conductive connector 15 includes a first connector 151 and a second connector 152. When the conductive connector 15 is in a first position, one of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 is connected to the second contact 12 and the third contact 13, while the other of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 is left unconnected, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are connected in series. When the conductive connector 15 is in a second position, the first connector 151 is connected to the first contact 11 and the third contact 13, and the second connector 152 is connected to the second contact 12 and the fourth contact 14, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are connected in parallel.

[0020] It is understood that the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 can be movable conductive connectors 15, with their first and second positions representing two different conductive connection postures. The idle state refers to the connector not forming a conductive connection with any contact point. The first connector 151 and the second connector 152 can be an integral structure or a separate structure, but they are insulated from each other. That is, the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 can move synchronously or can move in coordination through a transmission connection.

[0021] When the switch 1 is in the first position, if the first connector 151 is connected to the second contact 12 and the third contact 13, and the second connector 152 is not connected, the negative terminal of the first external power supply is connected to the positive terminal of the second external power supply through the first connector 151, and the positive terminal of the first external power supply and the negative terminal of the second external power supply are respectively the positive and negative terminals of the series circuit output. If the first connector 151 is not connected, and the second connector 152 is connected to the second contact 12 and the third contact 13, the negative terminal of the first external power supply is connected to the positive terminal of the second external power supply through the second connector 152, thus realizing the series connection of the first external power supply and the second external power supply. For ease of description, the latter case will be described below.

[0022] When the switch 1 is in the second position, the first connector 151 connects the first contact 11 and the third contact 13, so that the positive terminal of the first external power supply is connected to the positive terminal of the second external power supply. The second connector 152 connects the second contact 12 and the fourth contact 14, so that the negative terminal of the first external power supply is connected to the negative terminal of the second external power supply, thereby realizing the parallel connection of the first external power supply and the second external power supply.

[0023] In some embodiments, by setting a first contact 11, a second contact 12, a third contact 13, and a fourth contact 14, respectively connecting the positive and negative terminals of the first and second external power supplies, a clear electrical connection node is provided for the series-parallel switching of the two external power supplies. Through the switching of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 between the first and second positions, and the coordination of different connection states, the series-parallel mode conversion of the first and second external power supplies is reliably realized. This reduces the number of contacts and connectors required for switching, simplifies the structure of the switching switch 1, and reduces safety risks during high-voltage switching.

[0024] Reference Figure 3 In some embodiments, the switch 1 further includes a drive mechanism 17, which is connected to the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 and is used to drive the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to switch between a first position and a second position.

[0025] It is understood that the drive mechanism 17 can be a power component such as an electromagnetic drive mechanism 17, a motor drive mechanism 171, or a pneumatic drive mechanism 17. Its connection to the first connecting member 151 and the second connecting member 152 can be a fixed connection or a transmission connection, ensuring that the first connecting member 151 and the second connecting member 152 can move synchronously or according to a preset logic. The drive logic of the drive mechanism 17 is matched with the working mode of the switch 1 to control the stable switching of the first connecting member 151 and the second connecting member 152 between the first position and the second position, ensuring the reliability of the switching process.

[0026] When it is necessary to switch the first external power supply and the second external power supply to a series mode, the drive mechanism 17 drives the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to switch to the first position, so that the second connector 152 connects the second contact 12 and the third contact 13, and the second connector 152 is left empty, or the second connector 152 is left empty and the second connector 152 connects the second contact 12 and the third contact 13; when it is necessary to switch the first external power supply and the second external power supply to a parallel mode, the drive mechanism 17 drives the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to switch to the second position, so that the second connector 152 connects the first contact 11 and the third contact 13, and the second connector 152 connects the second contact 12 and the fourth contact 14.

[0027] In some embodiments, by connecting the drive mechanism 17 to the first connector 151 and the second connector 152, the automatic switching between the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 between a first position and a second position is achieved, eliminating the need for manual operation and improving the ease of operation and safety of the switch 1. The drive mechanism 17 precisely drives the switching of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152, ensuring a smooth and reliable switching process, preventing electrical connection failures caused by manual switching deviations, further reducing the risks during high-voltage switching, and ensuring the stability of the series-parallel switching between the first and second external power supplies.

[0028] Reference Figure 4 In some embodiments, the drive mechanism 17 includes a motor 171, which is connected to a first connector 151 and a second connector 152. The motor 171 is provided with a first position sensor 1711, which is used to monitor the rotor state of the motor 171 to determine whether the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are in a first position or a second position.

[0029] It is understood that the motor 171 can be a servo motor 171, stepper motor 171, or other power component with precise transmission capabilities. Its transmission connection with the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 can be achieved through gear transmission, linkage transmission, or lead screw transmission, ensuring that the rotor rotation of the motor 171 is converted into positional movement of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152. The first position sensor 1711 can specifically be a Hall sensor, photoelectric sensor, or encoder, etc. The rotor state includes parameters such as the rotor's rotation angle, speed, and stop position. By monitoring these parameters, the current position of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 can be determined.

[0030] When the motor 171 drives the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to switch positions, the first position sensor 1711 monitors the rotor state of the motor 171 in real time, converts the monitored rotor parameters into electrical signals and feeds them back; when the rotor rotates to a preset angle corresponding to the first position, the first position sensor 1711 determines that the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are in the first position; when the rotor rotates to a preset angle corresponding to the second position, the first position sensor 1711 determines that the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are in the second position.

[0031] In some embodiments, a motor 171 is installed via a drive mechanism 17. The precise transmission characteristics of the motor 171 enable precise switching between the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 between a first position and a second position, improving switching accuracy and stability. By installing a first position sensor 1711 to monitor the rotor state of the motor 171, the current positions of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 can be accurately determined in real time, providing timely feedback of position information. This reduces electrical connection abnormalities caused by incomplete position switching, further ensuring the reliability of the switching switch 1 and reducing the risk of high-voltage switching.

[0032] In some examples, refer to Figure 3 The first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are fixedly connected by an insulating connector. The second connector 152 is connected to the motor 171 by a gear or belt drive. The motor 171 drives the second connector 152 to rotate. The insulating connector and the second connector 152 rotate synchronously, so as to switch the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 between a first position and a second position.

[0033] Reference Figure 4 In some embodiments, the motor 171 is also provided with a limit mechanism 1712, which is used to control the motor 171 to stop rotating, so as to constrain the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to be in a first position or a second position.

[0034] It is understandable that the limiting mechanism 1712 can be a brake mechanism integrated into the motor 171. The brake mechanism acts on the rotor or output shaft of the motor 171 to brake the rotor of the motor 171. The brake mechanism performs corresponding actions according to the target positions of the first connecting member 151 and the second connecting member 152, and works with the motor 171 to complete the position constraint.

[0035] When the motor 171 drives the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to move to the first position, the limiting mechanism 1712 is triggered at the limiting point corresponding to the first position, controlling the motor 171 to stop and constraining the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to be in the first position; when the motor 171 drives the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to move to the second position, the limiting mechanism 1712 is triggered at the limiting point corresponding to the second position, controlling the motor 171 to stop and constraining the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to be in the second position.

[0036] In some embodiments, a limiting mechanism 1712 is provided on the motor 171 to control the motor 171 to stop at a corresponding position, constraining the first connecting member 151 and the second connecting member 152 to be in a first position or a second position, thereby improving the stability of the positions of the first connecting member 151 and the second connecting member 152. Through the cooperation of the limiting mechanism 1712 and the motor 171, the stopping positions of the first connecting member 151 and the second connecting member 152 are precisely controlled, improving the accuracy of the switching position of the switch 1, reducing the probability of electrical connection abnormalities caused by positional deviation, and improving the reliability of the switch 1.

[0037] Reference Figure 3 In some embodiments, the motor 171 includes a DC geared motor 171, the rated voltage of the motor 171 is 12V or 24V, the power of the motor 171 is between 50W and 100W, the reduction ratio of the motor 171 is between 1:50 and 1:100, and the output torque of the motor 171 is greater than or equal to 5N·m.

[0038] Understandably, the DC geared motor 171 possesses the output characteristics of speed reduction and torque increase, adapting to the position drive requirements of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152. The motor 171 can use a rated voltage of 12V or 24V, and its power can be 50W, 75W, 100W, etc. The reduction ratio can be 1:50, 1:75, 1:100, etc., and the output torque can be 5N·m, 10N·m, 15N·m, etc. For example, the motor 171 model RS-385SH has a rated voltage of 24V, a power of 80W, a reduction ratio of 1:80, an output torque of 8N·m, and a built-in Hall position sensor with a resolution of 100 lines.

[0039] In some embodiments, a DC geared motor 171 is used to match the driving conditions of the switching switch 1, thereby improving the driving adaptability of the motor 171. By using a motor 171 within the appropriate parameter range, the rated voltage, power, reduction ratio, and output torque parameters are guaranteed to ensure stable power output from the motor 171 and reliable switching between the positions of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152.

[0040] Reference Figure 3 In some embodiments, the switch 1 further includes a second position sensor 18, which is disposed at the end point of the travel of the first connector 151 and / or the second connector 152 to determine whether the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are in a first position or a second position.

[0041] It is understood that the second position sensor 18 can be a stroke sensor, photoelectric sensor, etc. The second position sensor 18 is installed at the end of the stroke of the second connector 152 and / or the end of the stroke of the second connector 152, and is used to collect the position signal of the first connector 151 and / or the second connector 152 to determine the working position of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152.

[0042] When the first connector 151 and / or the second connector 152 moves to the end point of its travel corresponding to the first position, the second position sensor 18 detects a position signal, determining that the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are in the first position. When the first connector 151 and / or the second connector 152 moves to the end point of its travel corresponding to the second position, the second position sensor 18 detects a position signal, determining that the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are in the second position.

[0043] In some embodiments, a second position sensor 18 is installed at the end point of the travel of the first connector 151 and / or the second connector 152 to directly detect the actual position of the connector, thereby improving the accuracy of position determination. The second position sensor 18, in conjunction with the motor 171, the first position sensor 1711, and the limiting mechanism 1712, forms a multi-dimensional position monitoring and control system, optimizing the position recognition accuracy of the switch 1. By using the second position sensor 18 to provide feedback on the connector's position, the drive mechanism 17 coordinates to achieve stable switching between the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 in the first and second positions, improving the reliability of the switch 1.

[0044] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, at least one of the first contact 11, the second contact 12, the third contact 13, and the fourth contact 14 is a silver-tungsten alloy contact.

[0045] Understandably, silver-tungsten alloy contacts possess excellent conductivity and ablation resistance, enabling them to meet the switching requirements under high-voltage conditions. One, several, or all of the first, second, third, and fourth contacts 14 may be silver-tungsten alloy contacts.

[0046] In some embodiments, by setting at least one of the first contact 11, the second contact 12, the third contact 13, and the fourth contact 14 as a silver-tungsten alloy contact, the conductivity and durability of the corresponding contact are improved. The silver-tungsten alloy contact, in conjunction with the second connector 152, enables series-parallel mode switching, optimizes the high-voltage current transmission state, improves the overall operational stability of the switching switch 1, enhances high-temperature resistance and arc resistance, and extends the service life of the contacts.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, at least one of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 is in elastic contact with the first contact 11, the second contact 12, the third contact 13 and the fourth contact 14, with a contact pressure between 5N and 8N.

[0048] Understandably, elastic contact achieves its elasticity by bending the contacts or by incorporating elastic components such as springs or sheet elements. This elasticity provides a continuous contact force to the contacts or connectors. The contact pressure between the first contact 11, the second contact 12, the third contact 13, the fourth contact 14 and the second connector 152 is set within the range of 5N to 8N, such as 5N, 6N, 7N, 8N, etc., to form a stable electrical contact state.

[0049] In some embodiments, elastic contact is used between the first contact 11, the second contact 12, the third contact 13, and the fourth contact 14 and the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to keep each contact in contact with the connector, reducing contact resistance and improving current conduction performance. By controlling the contact pressure between 5N and 8N, a matching force is formed between the contact and the connector, improving the stability of the contact state. On the one hand, it reduces the contact gap caused by insufficient contact pressure, reducing the possibility of contact resistance fluctuations; on the other hand, it reduces the structural deformation of the contact and connector caused by excessive pressure, reducing the possibility of mechanism movement jamming. The stable elastic contact pressure combined with the silver-tungsten alloy contacts optimizes the electrical connection state during series-parallel switching, improving the overall operational reliability of the switching switch 1. The silver-tungsten alloy contacts significantly reduce electromagnetic interference, lowering the EMI level by more than 30dB, reducing interference to the vehicle's electronic control system; the motor 171 drive and contact switching action are smooth, with operating noise ≤30dB, improving the overall NVH performance of the vehicle.

[0050] According to the second aspect of this application, referring to Figure 5 This disclosure provides a switching circuit, including a switching switch 1, a monitoring module 2, and a control module 3. The switching switch 1 includes the aforementioned switching switch 1. The monitoring module 2 is used to connect the switching switch 1, a first external power supply, and a second external power supply to obtain the position information of the switching switch 1 and the status information of the first and second external power supplies. The control module 3 is connected to the monitoring module 2 and the switching switch 1 and is used to control the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to switch between a first position and a second position according to the position information and the status information.

[0051] Understandably, the switching circuit is used to switch between the series and parallel modes of the first and second external power supplies, and can be applied to the high-voltage circuit of the power battery in new energy vehicles. Monitoring module 2 can collect status information such as the voltage, current, temperature, and status of the switching switch 1 of the first and second external power supplies. Control module 3 is integrated into the vehicle controller or a separate battery management control unit; for example, if an automotive-grade 32-bit processor (such as the STM32H7 series) is selected, it outputs drive commands according to preset logic or control signals.

[0052] When the switching circuit is working, the monitoring module 2 collects the position information of the switching switch 1 and the status information of the first external power supply and the second external power supply in real time, and transmits the relevant information to the control module 3. After receiving the position information and status information, the control module 3 outputs a control signal to the switching switch 1 according to a preset logic or control signal, controlling the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to switch between the first position and the second position.

[0053] In some embodiments, the switching circuit, by setting a switching structure including the aforementioned switching switch 1, provides an execution basis for the series-parallel switching of the first external power supply and the second external power supply. The monitoring module 2 connects to the switching switch 1, the first external power supply, and the second external power supply, comprehensively collecting position and status information to provide data support for the control logic. The control module 3 controls the switching of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 based on the position and status information, improving the rationality and adaptability of mode switching. Through coordinated control of position and status information, the response accuracy of the switching circuit is optimized, improving the overall stability and safety of operation.

[0054] Reference Figure 6 In some embodiments, the control module 3 is also used to connect to the vehicle controller and is able to receive the voltage switching signal from the vehicle controller to control the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to switch between the first position and the second position according to the voltage switching signal.

[0055] It is understood that the Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) is the central control unit at the vehicle level, responsible for coordinating the operating status of various vehicle subsystems. The VCU is connected to the control module 3 of the switching circuit. The VCU sends voltage switching signals to the control module 3 via the CAN bus, or the control module 3 sends status information of the switching switch 1, the first external power supply, and the second external power supply to the VCU. The status information of the switching switch 1 includes the position of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152, contact temperature, and motor 171 temperature, etc. The status information of the first and second external power supplies includes voltage, current, and temperature, etc. The voltage switching signal is a mode switching command generated by the VCU based on driving needs, charging scenarios, or system status, including a first switching signal to switch to series mode and a second switching signal to switch to parallel mode. After receiving the voltage switching signal, the control module 3 combines the position and status information provided by the monitoring module 2 to make a comprehensive judgment and decide whether to execute the switching operation.

[0056] When the vehicle controller generates a first switching signal based on fast charging or high-efficiency drive requirements and sends it to the control module 3, the control module 3 receives the first switching signal, determines that the status information meets the series connection condition, and then controls the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to move to the first position. At this time, the second connector 152 connects to the second contact 12 and the third contact 13, and the second connector 152 is unconnected, thus connecting the first external power supply and the second external power supply in series. When the vehicle controller generates a second switching signal based on normal charging or compatible drive requirements and sends it to the control module 3, the control module 3 receives the second switching signal, determines that the status information meets the parallel connection condition, and then controls the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to move to the second position. At this time, the second connector 152 connects to the first contact 11 and the third contact 13, and the second connector 152 connects to the second contact 12 and the fourth contact 14, thus connecting the first external power supply and the second external power supply in parallel. When the vehicle controller does not send a voltage switching signal or the sent voltage switching signal conflicts with the current state, the control module 3 maintains the current position or prohibits switching.

[0057] In some embodiments, by setting up control module 3 to connect to the vehicle controller to receive voltage switching signals, information interaction between the switching circuit and the vehicle control system is realized, enabling the battery system's voltage mode switching to respond to the vehicle-level operating strategy. By receiving and parsing the voltage switching signals from the vehicle controller and combining them with local monitoring information for judgment, the coordination of vehicle control is ensured while maintaining the independence of local safety management. Through the hierarchical control architecture of the vehicle controller and control module 3, the decoupling of vehicle-level requirements and execution-level control is achieved, improving the adaptability of the dual-voltage platform battery system in different vehicle models and application scenarios, and ensuring the synchronization and safety of voltage switching operations with the vehicle's operating status.

[0058] Reference Figure 7 In some embodiments, the monitoring module 2 includes a voltage monitoring unit 21, which is used to connect to a first external power supply, a second external power supply, and the total output terminal of the first and second external power supplies to obtain the voltage of the first external power supply, the voltage of the second external power supply, and the total voltage.

[0059] Understandably, the voltage monitoring unit 21 can be a circuit unit used to detect voltage parameters. The voltage monitoring unit 21 has an accuracy of ±0.5%FS. It is connected to the first external power supply, the second external power supply, and the combined output of the first and second external power supplies, acquiring three voltage parameters: the first external power supply voltage, the second external power supply voltage, and the total voltage. The first external power supply voltage is the potential difference between the positive and negative terminals of the first external power supply; the second external power supply voltage is the potential difference between the positive and negative terminals of the second external power supply; and the total voltage is the output voltage of the combination of the first and second external power supplies. The voltage monitoring unit 21 can achieve voltage measurement using methods such as voltage divider resistor sampling, isolated amplification sampling, or analog-to-digital conversion sampling.

[0060] When the voltage monitoring unit 21 detects that both the first and second external power supply voltages are within the normal range and the total voltage is approximately equal to the sum of the first and second external power supply voltages, it determines that the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are in the first position. In this position, the second connector 152 connects to the second contact 12 and the third contact 13, and the second connector 152 is not in use; the first and second external power supplies are connected in series. When the voltage monitoring unit 21 detects that both the first and second external power supply voltages are within the normal range and the total voltage is approximately equal to either the first or second external power supply voltage, it determines that the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are in the second position. In this position, the second connector 152 connects to the first contact 11 and the third contact 13, and also connects to the second contact 12 and the fourth contact 14; the first and second external power supplies are connected in parallel. When the voltage monitoring unit 21 detects an abnormal value in the first external power supply voltage, the second external power supply voltage, or the total voltage, it reports the abnormal status information to the control module 3.

[0061] In some embodiments, by connecting the voltage monitoring unit 21 to the first external power supply, the second external power supply, and the total output terminal, synchronous monitoring of the voltages of the two battery sub-modules and the combined output voltage is achieved, providing an electrical basis for determining the current operating mode. By comparing the numerical relationships between the voltages of the first and second external power supplies and the total voltage, indirect verification of the positions of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 is achieved, improving the redundancy and reliability of position detection. Through information interaction between the voltage monitoring unit 21 and the control module 3, the control module 3 can determine the actual formation of the series or parallel mode based on the voltage status, promptly detect faults such as poor contact and connection failure, and improve the fault diagnosis capability and operational safety of the switching circuit.

[0062] Reference Figure 7 In some embodiments, the monitoring module 2 includes a current monitoring unit 22, which is used to connect to a first external power supply, a second external power supply, and the total output terminal of the first external power supply and the second external power supply, so as to obtain the current of the first external power supply, the current of the second external power supply, and the total current.

[0063] Understandably, the current monitoring unit 22 can be used as a circuit unit for detecting current parameters. The current monitoring unit 22 has a range of 0-500A. It is connected to a first external power supply, a second external power supply, and the combined output of the first and second external power supplies to acquire three current parameters: the first external power supply current, the second external power supply current, and the total current. The first external power supply current is the current flowing through the first external power supply, the second external power supply current is the current flowing through the second external power supply, and the total current is the output current after the combination of the first and second external power supplies. The current monitoring unit 22 can achieve current measurement using methods such as shunt resistor sampling, Hall effect current sensors, or fluxgate sensors.

[0064] When the current monitoring unit 22 detects that the first external power supply current, the second external power supply current, and the total current are all within the normal range, and the total current is approximately equal to either the first or second external power supply current, it determines that the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are in the first position. At this time, the second connector 152 connects the second contact 12 and the third contact 13, and the second connector 152 is unconnected. The first and second external power supplies are connected in series, and the current flowing through the first external power supply is equal to the current flowing through the second external power supply. When the current monitoring unit 22 detects that the first external power supply current, the second external power supply current, and the total current are all within the normal range, and the total current is approximately equal to the sum of the first and second external power supply currents, it determines that the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are in the second position. At this time, the second connector 152 connects the first contact 11 and the third contact 13, and the second connector 152 connects the second contact 12 and the fourth contact 14. The first and second external power supplies are connected in parallel, and the current flowing through the first external power supply and the current flowing through the second external power supply are shunt and superimposed to form the total current. When the current monitoring unit 22 detects an abnormal value in the first external power supply current, the second external power supply current, or the total current, it reports the abnormal status information to the control module 3.

[0065] In some embodiments, by setting a current monitoring unit 22 connected to the first external power supply, the second external power supply, and the total output terminal, synchronous monitoring of the current of the first external power supply, the current of the second external power supply, and the combined output current is achieved, providing an electrical basis for determining the current operating mode. By comparing the numerical relationship between the current of the first external power supply, the current of the second external power supply, and the total current, indirect verification of the positions of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 is achieved. In the series mode, the current of the first external power supply is equal to the current of the second external power supply, and in the parallel mode, the total current is equal to the sum of the currents of the two power supplies, improving the redundancy and reliability of position detection. Through the information interaction between the current monitoring unit 22 and the control module 3, the control module 3 can determine the actual formation of the series or parallel mode based on the current status, promptly detect faults such as poor contact, connection failure, or uneven current distribution, and improve the fault diagnosis capability and operational safety of the switching circuit.

[0066] Reference Figure 7 In some embodiments, the monitoring module 2 includes a temperature monitoring unit 23, which is connected to a first contact 11, a second contact 12, a third contact 13, a fourth contact 14 and a drive mechanism 17 to obtain the first temperature, the second temperature, the third temperature, the fourth temperature and the fifth temperature respectively.

[0067] It is understood that the temperature monitoring unit 23 is used to detect temperature parameters. The measurement range of the temperature monitoring unit 23 is -40℃ to 125℃. The temperature monitoring unit 23 is connected to the first contact 11, the second contact 12, the third contact 13, the fourth contact 14, and the drive mechanism 17, respectively, to acquire five temperature parameters: a first temperature, a second temperature, a third temperature, a fourth temperature, and a fifth temperature. The first temperature, the second temperature, the third temperature, and the fourth temperature are the temperatures of the first contact 11, the second contact 12, the third contact 13, and the fourth contact 14, respectively, while the fifth temperature is the temperature of the drive mechanism 17. The temperature monitoring unit 23 can use a thermistor, a thermocouple, a platinum resistance thermometer, or an infrared temperature sensor to achieve temperature measurement.

[0068] When the temperature monitoring unit 23 obtains that the first temperature, second temperature, third temperature, fourth temperature and fifth temperature are within the normal range, it determines that the working status of the first contact 11, second contact 12, third contact 13, fourth contact 14 and drive mechanism 17 is normal. At this time, the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 can be in the first position or the second position, and the first external power supply and the second external power supply are connected in series or in parallel.

[0069] When the temperature monitoring unit 23 detects that at least one of the first, second, third, or fourth temperatures exceeds the first temperature threshold, it reports an overheating anomaly to the control module 3. The control module 3 then limits the current or disables the switching operation according to a preset strategy. When the temperature monitoring unit 23 detects that the fifth temperature exceeds the second temperature threshold, it reports an overheating anomaly to the drive mechanism 17 to the control module 3. The control module 3 then stops the drive or limits the drive power according to a preset strategy.

[0070] In some embodiments, by setting a temperature monitoring unit 23 connected to the first contact 11, the second contact 12, the third contact 13, the fourth contact 14, and the drive mechanism 17, comprehensive temperature monitoring of the key heat-generating components of the switching switch 1 and the drive mechanism 17 is achieved, providing a data foundation for thermal management and safety protection. By monitoring the temperature of the four contacts separately, local overheating problems caused by poor contact, uneven current, or arc erosion can be identified, improving the accuracy of fault location. By monitoring the temperature of the drive mechanism 17, insulation damage or permanent magnet demagnetization caused by overheating of the motor 171 is prevented, ensuring the reliable operation of the drive mechanism 17. Through information interaction between the temperature monitoring unit 23 and the control module 3, the control module 3 can implement a graded protection strategy according to the temperature status, promptly limiting power or prohibiting switching when the temperature is abnormal, preventing equipment damage and safety risks in high-temperature environments, and improving the thermal safety and long-term operational reliability of the switching circuit under high-voltage and high-current conditions.

[0071] Reference Figure 7In some embodiments, the monitoring module 2 includes an insulation monitoring unit 24, which is used to connect the total output terminal of the first external power supply and the second external power supply and the protective ground to obtain the insulation resistance.

[0072] Understandably, the insulation monitoring unit 24 is connected to the combined output of the first and second external power supplies and the protective ground to obtain the insulation resistance. The combined output consists of the high-voltage positive and negative terminals of the combined first and second external power supplies, and the protective ground is the vehicle chassis or a dedicated grounding conductor. The insulation monitoring unit 24 can measure the insulation resistance using methods such as DC injection, AC injection, or a bridge circuit.

[0073] When the insulation monitoring unit 24 obtains an insulation resistance greater than or equal to a preset resistance value, it determines that the insulation performance of the total output terminal of the first external power supply and the second external power supply to the protective ground is good. At this time, the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 can be in the first position or the second position, and the first external power supply and the second external power supply can be connected in series or in parallel.

[0074] When the insulation monitoring unit 24 detects that the insulation resistance is less than the preset value, it reports an insulation fault to the control module 3. The control module 3, according to a preset strategy, prohibits the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 from switching between the first and second positions, or controls the already running switch 1 to disconnect. Before the switching operation, the insulation monitoring unit 24 pre-detects the insulation resistance, and only after confirming that the insulation performance meets the requirements will the control module 3 allow the switching operation to be performed.

[0075] In some embodiments, by setting up an insulation monitoring unit 24 connected to the main output terminal and the protective ground, real-time monitoring of the insulation status of the high-voltage circuit of the dual-voltage platform battery system to ground is achieved, providing a guarantee for high-voltage safety. By detecting the insulation resistance before and after the switching operation, it is ensured that the switching switch 1 operates in a well-insulated environment, preventing the risk of electric shock or short circuit accidents that may be caused by high-voltage switching under insulation fault conditions. Through information interaction between the insulation monitoring unit 24 and the control module 3, the control module 3 can implement safety interlock control according to the insulation status, prohibiting switching or forcibly disconnecting when the insulation resistance is lower than the threshold, forming an active safety protection mechanism for the high-voltage system, improving the electrical safety and personnel protection capabilities of the switching circuit in complex vehicle environments.

[0076] In some examples, refer to Figure 8The switching circuit also includes an H-bridge drive module, which connects to the control module 3, motor 171, external power supply circuit, and ground, and is used to control the operation of motor 171. The H-bridge drive module includes a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, and a fourth switch. The control terminals of the first, second, third, and fourth switches are connected to the control module 3. The first and second terminals of the first and second switches are connected to the external power supply circuit. The second terminals of the first and third switches are connected to the first terminal of motor 171, and the second and fourth terminals of the second and fourth switches are connected to the second terminal of motor 171. The second terminals of the third and fourth switches are connected to ground. A bidirectional Zener diode, or two Zener diodes connected in reverse series between the first and second terminals of motor 171, are also connected.

[0077] In some embodiments, by setting an H-bridge drive module to connect the motor 171, the external power supply circuit, and ground, the control module 3 outputs a PWM signal to drive the motor 171, realizing bidirectional drive and speed control of the motor 171, and meeting the drive requirements of bidirectional switching between the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 between the first and second positions. By connecting a bidirectional Zener diode or two Zener diodes in reverse series between the first and second ends of the motor 171, rapid absorption and clamping protection of the back electromotive force of the motor 171 winding are achieved, preventing overvoltage breakdown of the first, second, third, and fourth switching transistors due to induced voltage during switching state switching. By selecting the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode, the induced voltage is limited to the safe withstand voltage range of the switching transistors, improving the reliability of the H-bridge drive module and the safety of the motor 171 drive, and extending the electrical life of the power switching elements.

[0078] According to the third aspect of this application, referring to Figure 9 This disclosure provides a switching method applicable to the aforementioned switching switch 1 or the aforementioned switching circuit. The switching method includes: S1. Control the conductive connector 15 to switch between a first position and a second position, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply switch between a series state and a parallel state.

[0079] It is understood that the switching method is an operational procedure used to control the switching between the first and second external power supplies in a series and parallel state. The switching method is applicable to the aforementioned switching switch 1 or the aforementioned switching circuit. The voltage switching signal is a mode switching request sent by the vehicle controller, the position information is the detection result of the conductive connector 15 being in the first or second position, and the status information is the electrical and thermal status parameters of the first external power supply, the second external power supply, and the switching switch 1 obtained by the monitoring module 2.

[0080] When the control module 3 receives a voltage switching signal requesting to switch to the series state, the control module 3 confirms whether it is currently in the first position based on the position information, and confirms whether the voltage, current, temperature and insulation status of the first external power supply and the second external power supply meet the series conditions based on the status information. If the position information or status information is abnormal, switching is prohibited or fault handling is performed. If both the position information and status information are normal, the control module 3 moves the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to the first position. At this time, the second connector 152 connects the second contact 12 and the third contact 13 and the second connector 152 is unloaded, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are in the series state.

[0081] When the control module 3 receives a voltage switching signal requesting to switch to the parallel state, the control module 3 confirms whether it is currently in the second position based on the position information and confirms whether the parallel conditions are met based on the status information. If the position information or status information is abnormal, the switching is prohibited or fault handling is performed. If both the position information and status information are normal, the control module 3 controls the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to move to the second position. At this time, the second connector 152 connects the first contact 11 and the third contact 13, and the second connector 152 connects the second contact 12 and the fourth contact 14, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are in parallel state.

[0082] In some embodiments, by comprehensively controlling the switching of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 between the first and second positions based on the voltage switching signal and status information, multi-condition interlocking control of the switching operation is achieved, preventing the risk of misoperation that may be caused by a single signal trigger. By verifying the position and status information before switching, it is ensured that the switching switch 1 performs its action in the appropriate state, preventing dangerous operating conditions such as switching under load, switching due to overheating, or switching due to poor insulation. By enabling controllable switching between the first and second external power supplies in series and parallel states, the dual-voltage platform battery system achieves flexible adaptation to both 800V fast charging and 400V compatible operating modes, improving the charging compatibility and system efficiency of new energy vehicles, and ensuring the safety and reliability of the high-voltage switching process.

[0083] Reference Figure 10 In some embodiments, controlling the conductive connector 15 to switch between a first position and a second position to switch the first external power supply and the second external power supply between a series connection and a parallel connection includes: S101. Obtain the temperatures of the first external power supply and the second external power supply, as well as the insulation resistance of the first external power supply and the second external power supply.

[0084] Understandably, step S101 is a safety condition confirmation step before the switching operation, used to check whether the temperature status and insulation performance of the first and second external power supplies meet the switching requirements. The first preset temperature (e.g., 60°C) is the highest temperature limit allowed for the switching operation, and the preset resistance value (e.g., 100MΩ) is the lowest insulation resistance limit allowed for the switching operation. Temperature detection is performed by obtaining the battery temperature or contact temperature of the first and second external power supplies through the temperature monitoring unit 23, and insulation resistance detection is performed by obtaining the insulation resistance between the total output terminal of the first and second external power supplies and the protective ground through the insulation monitoring unit 24. Step S101 establishes a pre-operation safety verification mechanism for the switching operation by simultaneously detecting two key safety parameters: temperature and insulation resistance.

[0085] The safety condition is confirmed to be met when all three conditions are met: the temperature of the first external power supply is less than or equal to the first preset temperature, the temperature of the second external power supply is less than or equal to the first preset temperature, and the insulation resistance of the first and second external power supplies is greater than or equal to a preset resistance value. The safety condition is confirmed to be unmet when at least one of the following occurs: the temperature of the first external power supply is greater than the first preset temperature, or the temperature of the second external power supply is greater than the first preset temperature, or the insulation resistance of the first and second external power supplies is less than a preset resistance value.

[0086] In some embodiments, by setting step S101 to pre-confirm the temperature and insulation resistance of the first and second external power supplies, a dual safety threshold is established before the switching operation, preventing the risk of high-voltage switching under high temperature or poor insulation conditions. Through logical and combined judgments of temperature and insulation conditions, a strict safety interlocking mechanism is formed, improving the safety of the switching method in high-voltage, high-current applications.

[0087] S1011. If the temperature of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is not greater than the first preset temperature, and the insulation resistance of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is greater than or equal to the preset resistance value, then control the conductive connector 15 to switch between the first position and the second position so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply switch between a series state and a parallel state.

[0088] It is understood that step S1011 is a switching execution step, executed when the safety conditions of step S101 are met. Step S1011 controls the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to switch between a first position and a second position based on the voltage switching signal and status information, thereby switching the first external power supply and the second external power supply between a series state and a parallel state. The voltage switching signal is a mode switching request sent by the vehicle controller, the position information is the detection result of the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 being in the first or second position, and the status information includes real-time operating parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and insulation resistance. After comprehensively judging that the above information is correct, step S1011 drives the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to complete the position switching, realizing the conversion between the series state and the parallel state.

[0089] In some embodiments, by comprehensively controlling the switching based on voltage switching signals and status information after safety conditions are met, multi-condition interlocking control of the switching operation is achieved, avoiding the risk of misoperation that may be caused by a single signal trigger. By verifying the position information and status information before switching, it is ensured that the switching switch 1 performs its action in the appropriate state, preventing dangerous operating conditions such as switching under load or switching in abnormal state, and improving the reliability of the switching process.

[0090] S1012. If the temperature of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is greater than the first preset temperature, and / or the insulation resistance of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is less than the preset resistance value, the conductive connector 15 is prohibited from switching between the first position and the second position.

[0091] Understandably, this step is a safety condition judgment step before the switching operation, used to detect whether the temperature status and insulation performance of the first and second external power supplies meet the switching requirements. The first preset temperature (e.g., 60°C) is the highest temperature limit allowed for the switching operation, and the preset resistance value (e.g., 100MΩ) is the lowest insulation resistance limit allowed for the switching operation. Temperature detection is performed by obtaining the battery temperature of the first and second external power supplies through the temperature monitoring unit 23, and insulation resistance detection is performed by obtaining the insulation resistance between the total output terminal of the first and second external power supplies and the protective ground through the insulation monitoring unit 24.

[0092] In some embodiments, switching is prohibited when the temperatures of the first and second external power supplies exceed a first preset temperature to prevent risks such as accelerated insulation aging, contact welding, or thermal runaway that may result from high-voltage switching under high-temperature conditions. Switching is also prohibited when the insulation resistance between the first and second external power supplies is less than a preset value to prevent leakage, short circuits, or electric shock accidents that may occur during high-voltage switching under insulation fault conditions. A strict safety interlocking mechanism is formed through logical or combined judgments of temperature and insulation conditions; if any safety condition is not met, the switching operation is blocked, enhancing the safety protection and fault prevention capabilities of the switching method under abnormal operating conditions.

[0093] Reference Figure 11 In some embodiments, controlling the conductive connector 15 to switch between a first position and a second position to switch the first external power supply and the second external power supply between a series connection and a parallel connection includes: S102. Obtain the first switching signal to control the first external power supply and the second external power supply to be connected in series.

[0094] It is understood that step S102 is the initial step for receiving the switching command, used to acquire the first switching signal sent by the vehicle controller. The first switching signal is a command signal requesting the switching of the first external power supply and the second external power supply from a parallel state to a series state. For example, the first switching signal corresponds to a 400V to 800V signal, and the 800V high-voltage operating mode is suitable for fast charging or high-efficiency drive scenarios. Step S102 triggers the control process of switching from parallel to series mode by receiving the first switching signal.

[0095] S1021. Obtain the voltage difference between the first external power supply and the second external power supply.

[0096] It is understood that step S1021 is a differential pressure detection step, which is executed when the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are in the second position. Step S1021 confirms whether the differential pressure between the first external power supply and the second external power supply is less than or equal to a preset differential pressure (e.g., 5V). The differential pressure is the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the first external power supply and the voltage of the second external power supply, and the preset differential pressure is the maximum voltage difference allowed for series-parallel switching. Step S1021 obtains the voltage of the first external power supply and the voltage of the second external power supply through the voltage monitoring unit 21, calculates the differential pressure, and compares it with the preset differential pressure.

[0097] In some embodiments, step S1021 confirms whether the voltage difference between the first external power supply and the second external power supply is less than or equal to a preset voltage difference, thus establishing an electrical safety verification mechanism before the switching operation. This prevents circulating current impacts that may occur when switching is performed when the voltage difference is too large, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the switching process.

[0098] S1022. If the voltage difference between the first external power supply and the second external power supply is not greater than the preset voltage difference, the conductive connector 15 is switched to the first position according to the first switching signal, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are switched from parallel state to series state.

[0099] Understandably, in step S1022, the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are switched to the first position according to the first switching signal, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are switched from a parallel state to a series state. In step S1022, the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are driven from the second position to the first position by the drive mechanism 17. At this time, the second connector 152 is connected to the second contact 12 and the third contact 13 and the second connector 152 is idle.

[0100] S1023. If the voltage difference between the first external power supply and the second external power supply is greater than the preset voltage difference, the conductive connector 15 is prohibited from switching between the first position and the second position.

[0101] Understandably, by prohibiting switching when the voltage difference between the first and second external power supplies exceeds a preset voltage difference, circulating current surges that may occur during series switching under voltage imbalance are prevented. Voltage difference limiting avoids the large current imbalance flow when the first and second external power supplies are connected in series, protecting battery cells, connectors, and contacts from current stress damage. By prohibiting switching and maintaining a parallel connection, the battery management system can perform active balancing or wait for natural balancing, attempting switching only after the voltage difference meets the requirements, thus improving the safety protection capability and system compatibility of the switching method under inconsistent battery conditions.

[0102] Reference Figure 12 In some embodiments, controlling the conductive connector 15 to switch between a first position and a second position to switch the first external power supply and the second external power supply between a series connection and a parallel connection includes: S103. Obtain the second switching signal to control the first external power supply and the second external power supply to be connected in parallel.

[0103] It is understood that step S103 is the initial step for receiving the switching command, used to acquire the second switching signal sent by the vehicle controller. The second switching signal is a command signal requesting the switching of the first external power supply and the second external power supply from a series state to a parallel state. For example, the second switching signal corresponds to an 800V to 400V signal, and the 400V compatible operating mode is suitable for ordinary charging or compatible drive scenarios. Step S103 triggers the control process of switching from series to parallel mode by receiving the second switching signal.

[0104] S1031, Obtain the total current of the first external power supply and the second external power supply.

[0105] It is understood that step S1031 is a total current detection step, which is executed when the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are in the first position. Step S1031 confirms whether the total current of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is less than or equal to a preset current. The total current is the current at the total output terminal of the first external power supply and the second external power supply, and the preset current is the maximum current value allowed for series-parallel switching (e.g., 10A). Step S1031 obtains the total current of the first external power supply and the second external power supply through the current monitoring unit 22 and compares the total current with the preset current.

[0106] S1032. If the total current of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is not greater than the preset current, control the conductive connector 15 to switch to the second position according to the second switching signal, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply switch from the series state to the parallel state.

[0107] It is understood that step S1032 is a switching execution step, executed when the current condition is met. Step S1032 controls the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to switch to the second position according to the second switching signal, switching the first external power supply and the second external power supply from a series connection to a parallel connection. Step S1032 drives the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 from the first position to the second position via the drive mechanism 17. At this time, the second connector 152 connects the first contact 11 and the third contact 13, and the second connector 152 connects the second contact 12 and the fourth contact 14.

[0108] S1033. If the total current of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is greater than the preset current, the conductive connector 15 is prohibited from switching between the first position and the second position.

[0109] Understandably, by prohibiting switching when the total current of the first and second external power supplies exceeds a preset current, current surges that may occur during parallel switching under current imbalance are prevented. Total current limiting avoids stress concentration caused by current redistribution during the instantaneous parallel connection of the first and second external power supplies, protecting battery cells, connectors, and contacts. By prohibiting switching and maintaining a series connection, the battery management system can adjust load distribution or perform current balancing, attempting switching only after the total current meets the requirements, thus improving the safety protection capability and system stability of the switching method under load imbalance conditions. If the system cannot return to the first position, a fault information is reported to the VCU.

[0110] Reference Figure 13 In some embodiments, controlling the conductive connector 15 to switch to the second position according to the second switching signal, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply switch from a series state to a parallel state, further includes: S10321. If the total current of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is greater than the preset switching current, the conductive connector 15 reduces the switching speed.

[0111] Understandably, the switching speed is the speed at which the conductive connector 15 switches between the first position and the second position. Step S10321 is executed when the current flowing through the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 is greater than a preset switching current (e.g., 50A). Step S10321 controls the drive mechanism 17 to reduce the switching speed to drive the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to move from the first position to the second position. The reduced switching speed is smaller than the normal switching speed, which is used to slow down the contact breaking and joining speed under heavy load conditions and suppress arc energy and mechanical impact.

[0112] S10322. If the total current of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is not greater than the preset switching current, control the conductive connector 15 to maintain the switching speed.

[0113] It is understood that step S10322 is a light-load constant-speed step, executed when the current flowing through the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 is less than or equal to the preset switching current. Step S10322 controls the drive mechanism 17 to drive the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to move from the first position to the second position at a normal switching speed. The normal switching speed is the preset standard drive speed, which is used to quickly complete the switching under light-load conditions and reduce the mode conversion time.

[0114] Reference Figure 14 In some embodiments, controlling the conductive connector 15 to switch between a first position and a second position further includes: S104. Confirm whether the conductive connector 15 is in the preset position and obtain the position of the conductive connector 15.

[0115] Understandably, step S104 is a switching to a position detection step, used to confirm whether the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 trigger the second position sensor 18 at the end of the travel during the switching process. The second position sensor 18 includes a series position sensor located at the first end of the travel and a parallel position sensor located at the second end of the travel, with the first end of the travel corresponding to a first position and the second end of the travel corresponding to a second position. Step S104 determines whether the switching operation has been successfully completed by detecting whether the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 trigger the position sensor.

[0116] S1041. If the conductive connector 15 is not in the preset position, obtain the switching time of the conductive connector 15.

[0117] It is understood that step S1041 is a switching timeout judgment step, which is executed when the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 are in a preset position, i.e., the second position sensor 18 is not triggered. Step S1041 confirms whether the switching time is greater than a preset time. The switching time is the cumulative time from the start of the switching operation to the current moment, and the preset time is the maximum time limit allowed to complete the switching operation. Step S1041 calculates the switching time using a timer or timestamp and compares it with the preset time to determine whether a switching timeout fault has occurred.

[0118] S10411. If the switching time is not less than the preset time, control the conductive connector 15 to return.

[0119] It is understood that step S10411 is a timeout protection step, executed when the switching time is greater than or equal to a preset time. Step S10411 controls the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to return to their initial positions. The initial position is the position of the switch 1 before switching, which can be the first position, the second position, or an intermediate empty position. After confirming the switching timeout, step S10411 terminates the current switching attempt and places the switch 1 in a safe state to avoid equipment damage caused by prolonged abnormal driving. If it cannot return to the initial position, a fault information is reported to the VCU.

[0120] S10412. If the switching time is less than the preset time, control the conductive connector 15 to continue switching.

[0121] It is understood that step S10412 is a continued switching step, executed when the switching time is less than a preset time. Step S10412 controls the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to continue switching towards the target position, which is the first or second position requested by the voltage switching signal. When step S10412 confirms that the switching has not timed out and the position sensor has not been triggered, the drive mechanism 17 is maintained in its driving state, causing the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to continue moving until the target position is reached or the timeout protection is triggered.

[0122] Reference Figure 15 In some embodiments, determining whether the conductive connector 15 is in a preset position by obtaining the position of the conductive connector 15 further includes: S1042. If the conductive connector 15 is in a preset position, obtain the positional deviation between the actual position and the target position of the conductive connector 15.

[0123] It is understood that step S1042 is a position accuracy detection step, executed after the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 trigger the second position sensor 18. Step S1042 confirms through the first position sensor 1711 whether the position deviation is less than a preset error (e.g., 0.5mm). The position deviation is the deviation between the actual position of the first connector 151 and / or the second connector 152 and the target position, and the preset error is the maximum allowable position deviation limit. Step S1042 obtains accurate position information through high-precision position detection or encoder feedback from the motor 171, and calculates the deviation by comparing it with the target position.

[0124] S10421. If the position deviation is greater than the preset error, control the conductive connector 15 to shift towards the target position.

[0125] It is understood that step S10421 is a position fine-tuning step, executed when the position deviation is greater than a preset error. Step S10421 controls the drive mechanism 17 to drive the first connecting member 151 and the second connecting member 152 to fine-tune towards the target position. This fine-tuning is a small-amplitude position adjustment used to reduce the position deviation and ensure that the first connecting member 151 and the second connecting member 152 are precisely aligned with the target position. Step S10421 uses a closed-loop position control algorithm to calculate the fine-tuning amount based on the direction and magnitude of the deviation, and drives the motor 171 to perform compensating motion.

[0126] S10422. If the positional deviation is not greater than the preset error, constrain the conductive connector 15 to the target position.

[0127] It is understood that step S10422 is a position holding step, executed when the position deviation is less than or equal to a preset error. Step S10422 controls the drive mechanism 17 to stop driving and constrains the first connecting member 151 and the second connecting member 152 to the target position. This constraint can be achieved through the brake mechanism of the motor 171, used to prevent the first connecting member 151 and the second connecting member 152 from drifting or retracting at the target position. After confirming that the position accuracy is qualified, step S10422 completes the switching operation and enters the position holding state.

[0128] Reference Figure 16 In some embodiments, if the positional deviation is not greater than a preset error, constraining the conductive connector 15 to the target position further includes: S1043. Obtain the total voltage of the first external power supply and the second external power supply.

[0129] It is understood that step S1043 is a voltage detection step, used to confirm whether the total voltage of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is within a preset voltage range (e.g., 400V±5%, 800V±5%). In step S1043, the total voltage is the sum of the voltages of the first and second external power supplies. The preset voltage range is a reasonable range of the normal total voltage under series connection conditions, set considering measurement errors and battery voltage drop. Step S1043 obtains the total voltage of the first and second external power supplies through the voltage monitoring unit 21 and compares the total voltage with the preset voltage range.

[0130] In some embodiments, step S1043 confirms whether the total voltage of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is within a preset voltage range, thereby achieving quantitative verification of the electrical connectivity of the circuit. The total voltage being equal to the sum of the voltages of the two power supplies indicates that a series circuit has been formed and has good contact. By using the preset voltage range as an electrical criterion for successful series connection, abnormal states caused by excessive contact resistance or partial connection failure can be checked, improving the accuracy of position detection.

[0131] S10431. If the total voltage of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is within the preset voltage range, confirm that the switching is complete.

[0132] It is understood that step S10431 is a confirmation step for the completion of the switch, which is executed when the total voltage is within the preset voltage range. After confirming the completion of the switch in step S10431, the control module 3 records the successful switch status, maintains the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 in the target position, and allows the system to enter the target working mode.

[0133] S10432. If the total voltage of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is not within the preset voltage range, control the conductive connector 15 to return.

[0134] It is understood that step S10432 is an electrical verification failure handling step, executed when the total voltage is not within the preset voltage range. Step S10432 controls the first connector 151 and the second connector 152 to return to their initial positions, terminating the switching, and maintaining basic operation or restarting the switching process when there is an electrical connection abnormality. If it is impossible to return to the initial position, a fault information is reported to the VCU.

[0135] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0136] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0137] The embodiments, implementation methods, and related technical features of this application can be combined and substituted for each other without conflict.

[0138] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. A switching switch (1), characterized in that, include: The first contact (11) is used to connect to the positive terminal of the first external power supply; The second contact (12) is used to connect to the negative terminal of the first external power supply; The third contact (13) is used to connect to the positive terminal of the second external power supply; The fourth contact (14) is used to connect to the negative terminal of the second external power supply; A conductive connector (15) having a first position and a second position; When the conductive connector (15) is in the first position, the conductive connector (15) connects the second contact (12) and the third contact (13), so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are connected in series; When the conductive connector (15) is in the second position, the conductive connector (15) connects the first contact (11) and the third contact (13), and connects the second contact (12) and the fourth contact (14), so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are connected in parallel.

2. The switching switch (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive connector (15) includes a first connector (151) and a second connector (152). When the conductive connector (15) is in the first position, one of the first connector (151) and the second connector (152) is connected to the second contact (12) and the third contact (13), and the other of the first connector (151) and the second connector (152) is left unused, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are connected in series. When the conductive connector (15) is in the second position, the first connector (151) connects the first contact (11) and the third contact (13), and the second connector (152) connects the second contact (12) and the fourth contact (14), so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply are connected in parallel.

3. The switching switch (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The switching switch (1) further includes a driving mechanism (17), which is connected to the conductive connector (15) and is used to drive the conductive connector (15) to switch between the first position and the second position.

4. The switching switch (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drive mechanism (17) includes a motor (171), which is connected to the first connector (151) and the second connector (152) in a transmission connection. The motor (171) is provided with a first position sensor (1711), which is used to monitor the rotor state of the motor (171) to determine whether the first connector (151) and the second connector (152) are in the first position or the second position.

5. The switching switch (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The motor (171) is also provided with a limiting mechanism (1712), which is used to control the motor (171) to stop rotating, so as to constrain the first connector (151) and the second connector (152) to be in the first position or the second position.

6. The switching switch (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The motor (171) includes a DC geared motor (171); and / or, The rated voltage of the motor (171) is 12V or 24V; and / or, The power of the motor (171) is between 50W and 100W; and / or, The reduction ratio of the motor (171) is between 1:50 and 1:100; and / or, The output torque of the motor (171) is greater than or equal to 5 N·m.

7. The switch (1) according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, The switching switch (1) further includes a second position sensor (18), which is disposed at at least one of the travel start point and travel end point of the first connector (151) and / or the second connector (152) to determine whether the first connector (151) and the second connector (152) are in the first position or the second position.

8. The switch (1) according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, At least one of the first contact (11), the second contact (12), the third contact (13) and the fourth contact (14) is a silver-tungsten alloy contact.

9. The switch (1) according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, At least one of the first connector (151) and the second connector (152) is in elastic contact with the first contact (11), the second contact (12), the third contact (13) and the fourth contact (14), with a contact pressure between 5N and 8N.

10. A switching circuit, characterized in that, include: The switching switch (1) includes the switching switch (1) according to any one of claims 1-9; The monitoring module (2) is used to connect the switch (1), the first external power supply and the second external power supply to obtain the position information of the switch (1) and the status information of the first external power supply and the second external power supply. The control module (3) is connected to the monitoring module (2) and the switching switch (1) and is used to control the conductive connector (15) to switch between the first position and the second position according to the position information and the status information.

11. The switching circuit according to claim 10, characterized in that, The control module (3) is also used to connect to the vehicle controller and is able to receive the voltage switching signal from the vehicle controller to control the conductive connector (15) to switch between the first position and the second position according to the voltage switching signal.

12. The switching circuit according to claim 10, characterized in that, The monitoring module (2) includes at least one of the following: Voltage monitoring unit (21), the voltage monitoring unit (21) is used to connect the first external power supply, the second external power supply and the total output terminal of the first external power supply and the second external power supply, so as to obtain the voltage of the first external power supply, the voltage of the second external power supply and the total voltage respectively; The current monitoring unit (22) is used to connect the first external power supply, the second external power supply and the total output terminal of the first external power supply and the second external power supply to obtain the current of the first external power supply, the current of the second external power supply and the total current. Temperature monitoring unit (23) is connected to the first contact (11), the second contact (12), the third contact (13), the fourth contact (14) and the drive mechanism (17) to obtain the first temperature, the second temperature, the third temperature, the fourth temperature and the fifth temperature respectively; Insulation monitoring unit (24) is used to connect the total output terminal of the first external power supply and the second external power supply and the protective ground to obtain the insulation resistance.

13. A switching method, characterized in that, The switching method is applicable to the switching switch (1) according to any one of claims 1-9 or the switching circuit according to any one of claims 10-12, and includes: The conductive connector (15) is controlled to switch between a first position and a second position so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply switch between a series state and a parallel state.

14. The switching method according to claim 13, characterized in that, Controlling the conductive connector (15) to switch between a first position and a second position, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply switch between a series state and a parallel state, includes: The temperatures of the first external power supply and the second external power supply, as well as the insulation resistance of the first external power supply and the second external power supply, are obtained. If the temperatures of the first external power supply and the second external power supply are not greater than the first preset temperature, and the insulation resistance of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is greater than or equal to the preset resistance value, then the conductive connector (15) is controlled to switch between the first position and the second position so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply switch between the series state and the parallel state. If the temperatures of the first external power supply and the second external power supply are greater than the first preset temperature, and / or the insulation resistance of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is less than the preset resistance value, the conductive connector (15) is prohibited from switching between the first position and the second position.

15. The switching method according to claim 14, characterized in that, Controlling the conductive connector (15) to switch between a first position and a second position, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply switch between a series state and a parallel state, includes: Obtain a first switching signal to control the first external power supply and the second external power supply to be connected in series; Obtain the voltage difference between the first external power supply and the second external power supply; If the voltage difference between the first external power supply and the second external power supply is not greater than the preset voltage difference, the conductive connector (15) is controlled to switch to the first position according to the first switching signal, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply switch from parallel state to series state; If the voltage difference between the first external power supply and the second external power supply is greater than the preset voltage difference, the conductive connector (15) is prohibited from switching between the first position and the second position.

16. The switching method according to claim 14, characterized in that, Controlling the conductive connector (15) to switch between a first position and a second position, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply switch between a series state and a parallel state, includes: Obtain a second switching signal to control the first external power supply and the second external power supply to be connected in parallel; Obtain the total current of the first external power supply and the second external power supply; If the total current of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is not greater than the preset current, the conductive connector (15) is controlled to switch to the second position according to the second switching signal, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply switch from the series state to the parallel state; If the total current of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is greater than the preset current, the conductive connector (15) is prohibited from switching between the first position and the second position.

17. The switching method according to claim 16, characterized in that, Controlling the conductive connector (15) to switch to the second position according to the second switching signal, so that the first external power supply and the second external power supply switch from a series state to a parallel state, further includes: If the total current of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is greater than the preset switching current, the conductive connector (15) reduces the switching speed; If the total current of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is not greater than the preset switching current, the conductive connector (15) is controlled to maintain the switching speed. The switching speed is the speed at which the conductive connector (15) switches between the first position and the second position.

18. The switching method according to any one of claims 13-17, characterized in that, Controlling the switching of the conductive connector (15) between a first position and a second position further includes: Confirm whether the conductive connector (15) is in a preset position and obtain the position of the conductive connector (15); If the conductive connector (15) is not in the preset position, obtain the switching time of the conductive connector (15); If the switching time is not less than the preset time, control the conductive connector (15) to return; If the switching time is less than the preset time, the conductive connector (15) is controlled to continue switching; The switching time is the time taken for the conductive connector (15) to switch from the beginning to the current position.

19. The switching method according to claim 18, characterized in that, To determine whether the conductive connector (15) is in the preset position, the method further includes: If the conductive connector (15) is in a preset position, obtain the positional deviation between the actual position and the target position of the conductive connector (15); If the position deviation is greater than the preset error, the conductive connector (15) is controlled to shift toward the target position; If the positional deviation is not greater than the preset error, the conductive connector (15) is constrained to the target position.

20. The switching method according to claim 19, characterized in that, If the positional deviation is not greater than the preset error, constraining the conductive connector (15) at the target position further includes: Obtain the total voltage of the first external power supply and the second external power supply; If the total voltage of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is within the preset voltage range, the switching is confirmed to be complete. If the total voltage of the first external power supply and the second external power supply is not within the preset voltage range, control the conductive connector (15) to return.

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