Cell monitoring system, cells and battery packs

Abstract

This application provides a cell monitoring system, a cell, and a battery pack, relating to battery management technology. The system includes a monitoring unit and an antenna lead-out structure. The monitoring unit is integrated inside the metal-cased cell and fixedly connected to the cell cover. The monitoring unit includes a data acquisition module, a wireless communication module, and an antenna electrically connected to the wireless communication module. The antenna lead-out structure is a composite structure disposed on the cell cover. The composite structure includes a metal layer, an insulating layer, and a conductor layer. One end of the conductor layer is electrically connected to the antenna, and the other end is exposed outside the cell. It is insulated from the support layer and the cell cover by the insulating layer. The wireless communication module establishes contactless data communication with the main control module of the battery pack containing the cell through the antenna and the conductor layer to transmit cell status data acquired by the data acquisition module. The system of this application can improve system reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to battery management technology, and more particularly to a cell monitoring system, a cell, and a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and energy storage systems, the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries and other battery cells, as core energy carriers, have increasingly become a focus of industry attention. Under abnormal operating conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging, and internal short circuits, battery cells may experience thermal runaway, leading to serious safety accidents such as smoke, fire, or even explosion. Therefore, real-time and accurate monitoring of the internal state of battery cells is a crucial prerequisite for achieving early fault warning and proactive safety protection of battery systems.

[0003] Currently, industry monitoring of battery cells primarily relies on external Battery Management Systems (BMS). A typical implementation involves deploying data acquisition lines outside the battery cell, using voltage acquisition lines, temperature sensors (such as NTC sensors), and communication cables to transmit the cell's voltage, temperature, and other status data to the external BMS main control unit for analysis and processing. To achieve more comprehensive monitoring, some solutions also attempt to integrate additional sensors at the battery module or battery pack level, for example, connecting gas and pressure sensors to external control circuits via wiring harnesses.

[0004] However, the above methods rely on complex external cable connections, which can easily lead to low system reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a cell monitoring system, a cell, and a battery pack to improve system reliability.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a battery cell monitoring system, the system comprising a monitoring unit and an antenna lead-out structure, wherein...

[0007] The monitoring unit is integrated inside the metal-cased battery cell and is fixedly connected to the battery cell cover plate. The monitoring unit includes a data acquisition module, a wireless communication module, and an antenna electrically connected to the wireless communication module.

[0008] The antenna lead-out structure is a composite structure disposed on the cell cover plate. The composite structure includes a support layer, an insulating layer, and a conductor layer. One end of the conductor layer is used for electrical connection with the antenna, and the other end is exposed outside the cell. It is also insulated from the support layer and the cell cover plate by the insulating layer.

[0009] The wireless communication module is used to establish contactless data communication with the main control module of the battery pack containing the battery cell through the antenna and the conductor layer, so as to transmit the battery cell status data collected by the acquisition module.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the wireless communication module includes a protocol switching unit, the protocol switching unit being used for:

[0011] The system can detect the interference intensity and / or signal attenuation of metal structures in the communication environment in real time, and switch to the target communication protocol based on the interference intensity and / or signal attenuation of the metal structures; the target communication protocol is the Near Field Communication (NFC) protocol or the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the monitoring unit further includes a storage module for storing cell identification information and cell status data collected by the acquisition module.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the monitoring unit is specifically used for:

[0014] In response to the identity recognition request sent by the main control module, the cell identity information stored in the storage module is transmitted;

[0015] In response to the communication connection command sent by the main control module, a response signal is returned to establish a communication connection;

[0016] In response to the identity correction request sent by the main control module, the correct cell identity information is retransmitted.

[0017] In response to the control command sent by the main control module after the communication connection is established, the cell status data stored in the storage module is transmitted; wherein, the control command includes a module wake-up command and a cell balancing control command.

[0018] In one possible implementation, when the system includes multiple monitoring units, each monitoring unit corresponds to a different cell in the battery pack and establishes communication with the same main control module through its respective antenna lead-out structure; each monitoring unit is specifically used for:

[0019] In response to the control command sent by the main control module at the same time;

[0020] During the data transmission phase, the cell status data is transmitted sequentially in a polling manner. Each monitoring unit initiates its own data transmission after receiving an implicit signal indicating that the previous monitoring unit has completed data transmission or a polling switching command issued by the main control module.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the support layer of the antenna lead-out structure is a metal boss structure, which is fixedly connected to the cell cover plate through the insulating layer, and a radiation gap is formed between the metal boss structure and the cell cover plate; the end of the conductor layer exposed to the outside of the cell is located near the radiation gap.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the plastic seal is a thermosensitive polymer, and the sealing strength of the thermosensitive polymer is adaptively adjusted according to the operating temperature of the battery cell.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the monitoring unit further includes a microcontroller unit (MCU) and a sensor module; wherein,

[0024] The MCU is connected to the acquisition module, the wireless communication module and the sensor module, and is used to coordinate the working timing of each module and control the acquisition and transmission of data.

[0025] The sensor module includes a pressure sensor and / or a leakage sensor, used to collect environmental parameters inside the battery cell.

[0026] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery cell, the battery cell including a battery cell body and a battery cell monitoring system, wherein the battery cell body includes a metal casing and a battery cell cover plate;

[0027] The battery cell monitoring system includes a monitoring unit and an antenna lead-out structure. The monitoring unit is integrated inside the metal-cased battery cell and fixedly connected to the battery cell cover plate. The monitoring unit includes a data acquisition module, a wireless communication module, and an antenna electrically connected to the wireless communication module.

[0028] The antenna lead-out structure is a composite structure disposed on the cell cover plate. The composite structure includes a support layer, an insulating layer, and a conductor layer. One end of the conductor layer is used for electrical connection with the antenna, and the other end is exposed outside the cell. It is also insulated from the support layer and the cell cover plate by the insulating layer.

[0029] The wireless communication module is used to establish contactless data communication with the main control module of the battery pack containing the battery cell through the antenna and the conductor layer, so as to transmit the battery cell status data collected by the acquisition module.

[0030] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack, the battery pack including at least one battery module and a main control module corresponding to the battery module, the battery module including a plurality of battery cells as described in the first aspect; wherein...

[0031] The main control module includes a communication module and a control module. The communication module is equipped with a communication antenna. The communication antenna is arranged above the antenna lead-out structure of the cell in the corresponding battery module, and the distance between the communication antenna and the antenna lead-out structure is less than a preset distance, so that the communication module can establish non-contact data communication with the cell monitoring system.

[0032] This application provides a battery cell monitoring system, a battery cell, and a battery pack. The system integrates a monitoring unit containing a data acquisition module, a wireless communication module, and an antenna inside a metal-cased battery cell and connects it to a cell cover. An antenna lead-out structure with a support layer-insulation layer-conductor layer composite structure extends the antenna to the outside of the battery cell. The wireless communication module establishes contactless communication with the lead-out structure and the main control module via the antenna to transmit battery cell status data. In this process, the built-in monitoring unit improves sampling real-time performance, the composite lead-out structure overcomes signal shielding from the metal casing, and contactless communication simplifies wiring. This effectively solves the problems of metal casing hindering wireless communication, low sampling accuracy, and difficulty in battery pack expansion, thereby improving the reliability of battery cell monitoring and the flexibility of the battery pack. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application scenario of the battery cell monitoring system provided in this application;

[0035] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cell monitoring system provided in this application Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the monitoring unit provided in this application;

[0037] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cell monitoring system provided in this application Figure 2 ;

[0038] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of communication data transmission provided in this application;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack provided in this application.

[0040] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0041] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0042] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, energy storage systems, and other fields, the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries and other cells, as core energy carriers, have increasingly become the focus of industry attention. Under abnormal operating conditions such as long-term charge-discharge cycles, high and low temperature fluctuations, overcharging, over-discharging, internal short circuits, and electrolyte leakage, cells are prone to problems such as active material aging, SEI film rupture, and internal gas generation and bulging, which can trigger a chain reaction of thermal runaway, leading to serious safety accidents such as smoke, fire, or even explosion.

[0043] Especially in high-capacity applications such as power batteries for new energy vehicles and large-scale energy storage power stations, a single cell failure can spread to the entire battery pack, causing significant property damage and safety risks. Therefore, breaking through the limitations of traditional external indirect monitoring and enabling real-time and accurate direct monitoring of the core internal state of the cell (such as internal temperature, real-time voltage, electrolyte leakage, and internal gas pressure) is a key prerequisite for achieving early fault warning (such as early identification of thermal runaway precursors) and active safety protection (such as timely triggering of equalization and power-off protection) of the battery system.

[0044] Currently, the industry primarily relies on external Battery Management Systems (BMS) for monitoring battery cells. The core logic of BMS is to achieve state awareness through indirect external sampling and wired transmission. A typical implementation involves arranging data acquisition lines on the cell's external tabs, casing surface, or module bracket: voltage acquisition lines (such as wire harness-type voltage sampling boards) connect to the cell's tabs to obtain the cell's terminal voltage; temperature sensors (such as thermistors) attached to the cell's casing surface indirectly monitor the cell's external temperature; and communication cables (such as CAN bus or SPI lines) transmit the voltage and temperature data to the external BMS main control unit, which then analyzes and interprets the data.

[0045] To further cover the monitoring dimensions related to the health status of the battery cells, some solutions will also try to integrate additional auxiliary sensors at the battery module or battery pack level. For example, gas sensors are placed in the gaps between modules (to monitor gases such as CO and HF generated by electrolyte decomposition), and pressure sensors are placed at the bottom of the pack (to monitor the expansion force of the module caused by cell bulging). The signals of these sensors are then connected to the external control circuit through the extension harness to supplement the judgment of the overall status of the battery system.

[0046] However, the aforementioned external wired monitoring methods rely on complex external cable connections, which can easily lead to the system failing to meet the reliability and monitoring accuracy requirements of high-safety scenarios. Specifically, on the one hand, a large number of voltage sampling lines and sensor harnesses are densely arranged inside the battery pack. Long-term exposure to vibrations (such as vehicle bumps), temperature cycling (fluctuations between -30℃ and 80℃), and electrolyte evaporation and corrosion can easily cause problems such as harness aging, loose connections, and insulation damage. This can not only lead to distorted sampling data but also potentially cause short-circuit faults, increasing safety hazards. On the other hand, external indirect sampling cannot accurately reflect the true internal state of the battery cell. For example, there is a lag of 5℃ to 15℃ between the surface temperature of the battery cell monitored by the NTC sensor and the internal active material temperature. When an abnormality is detected in the surface temperature, the battery cell may already be close to the thermal runaway threshold. Simultaneously, external sensors cannot directly monitor core faults inside the battery cell such as electrolyte leakage, SEI film damage, and internal short circuits. This makes it difficult for the BMS to provide early warnings, forcing it to react passively only after the fault has spread externally, missing the critical window for safety protection.

[0047] To address at least one of the aforementioned problems, this application provides a battery cell monitoring system, a battery cell, and a battery pack. Specifically, the monitoring system proposes to integrate the monitoring unit inside the battery cell and utilize a composite antenna lead-out structure located on the battery cell cover to achieve wireless signal transmission, thereby eliminating the risk of failure caused by external cables and connectors.

[0048] It is understood that the cell monitoring system of this application is applicable to any scenario requiring high-reliability internal state monitoring of the cell. For example, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application scenario of the battery cell monitoring system provided in this application, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the cell monitoring system of this application can be used in the scenario of power batteries for new energy vehicles to monitor the internal temperature, real-time voltage, internal air pressure and electrolyte leakage status of individual cells in the power battery pack of new energy vehicles in real time.

[0049] Currently, in the aforementioned scenarios, the safety of the power battery system of new energy vehicles, as a means of transportation for people, is directly related to the life safety of drivers and passengers. During vehicle operation, they will continuously face complex operating conditions such as bumps and vibrations, alternating high and low temperature environments (such as starting at low temperatures below -20℃ in winter and driving at high temperatures above 40℃ in summer), and high charging frequency (1-2 fast or slow charges per day). The battery cells are in an operating environment with superimposed dynamic stress and electrochemical stress for a long time, and the probability of failure is significantly higher than in static energy storage scenarios. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on highly reliable battery cell monitoring methods to identify potential risks in advance and avoid safety accidents such as thermal runaway.

[0050] In the above-described scenario, when applying the cell monitoring system of this application, the monitoring unit, which includes a temperature sensing module, a voltage sensing module, a pressure sensing module, and an electrolyte detection module, is first integrated into the internal cavity of the cell used in the power battery of new energy vehicles, ensuring that the monitoring unit has no physical interference with the internal electrode components and electrolyte of the cell. Then, a mounting hole is opened at a preset position on the cell cover, and the composite antenna lead-out structure is fixed at the mounting hole, so that the signal receiving end of the composite antenna is connected to the internal monitoring unit through a high-temperature resistant wire, and the signal transmitting end is exposed to the outside of the cell and forms a signal match with the wireless receiving module in the battery pack. When the vehicle is running or charging, the monitoring unit collects the temperature, voltage, pressure, and electrolyte status data inside the cell in real time, and transmits the data in the form of wireless signals to the receiving module in the battery pack through the composite antenna lead-out structure. The receiving module then forwards the data to the external BMS main control unit to complete the data analysis and fault diagnosis.

[0051] By applying the cell monitoring system of this application in the scenario of new energy vehicle power batteries, on the one hand, it is not necessary to lay out a large number of voltage sampling lines and sensor harnesses in the battery pack, avoiding problems such as harness aging and loosening of connectors caused by vibration and temperature cycling, reducing the risk of system short circuit, and improving the long-term operational reliability of the power battery system; on the other hand, the monitoring unit directly collects the internal state data of the cell, which can eliminate the lag bias of external indirect sampling, and can directly capture the early signs of core faults such as electrolyte leakage and internal short circuit, enabling the BMS to issue thermal runaway warnings in advance, leaving sufficient emergency handling time for drivers and passengers, while preventing the failure of a single cell from spreading to the entire battery pack, reducing vehicle property damage.

[0052] It should be understood that the cell monitoring system of this application can be applied not only to the power battery scenario of new energy vehicles, but also to the scenario of large-scale energy storage power stations, portable energy storage devices, power batteries of electric ships, etc. This embodiment does not limit it in this regard.

[0053] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] This application provides a battery cell monitoring system. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cell monitoring system provided in this application Figure 1 The following is combined with Figure 2 The cell monitoring system of this embodiment will be described in detail. Figure 2 As shown, the battery cell monitoring system in this embodiment includes a monitoring unit and an antenna lead-out structure.

[0055] In this embodiment, the monitoring unit is integrated inside the metal-cased battery cell and fixedly connected to the battery cell cover. The monitoring unit includes a data acquisition module, a wireless communication module, and an antenna electrically connected to the wireless communication module.

[0056] In this embodiment, the antenna lead-out structure is a composite structure disposed on the cell cover plate. The composite structure includes a support layer, an insulating layer, and a conductor layer. One end of the conductor layer is used for electrical connection with the antenna, and the other end is exposed to the outside of the cell. It is insulated from the support layer and the cell cover plate by the insulating layer. The wireless communication module is used to establish contactless data communication with the main control module of the battery pack containing the cell through the antenna and the conductor layer to transmit the cell status data collected by the acquisition module.

[0057] Specifically, in this embodiment, the monitoring unit is located inside the cell cover plate. The monitoring unit is fixedly connected to the cell cover plate through an antenna lead-out structure. The cell cover plate has a mounting hole at the position corresponding to the monitoring unit, and the antenna lead-out structure is set in the mounting hole.

[0058] More specifically, in this embodiment, the acquisition module is used to collect cell status data such as cell voltage and temperature, and the collected data is transmitted to the wireless communication module connected to it; the wireless communication module transmits the data outward through an antenna electrically connected to it, the antenna is electrically connected to the conductor layer of the antenna lead-out structure, and the conductor layer leads the antenna signal out to the outside of the cell, so that the wireless signal can penetrate the metal shell and communicate with the external main control module; the support layer provides structural support for the antenna lead-out structure, and the insulation layer realizes the insulation between the support layer and the conductor layer and ensures the cell's sealing.

[0059] It should be understood that the cell cover can be a positive cover or a negative cover, or monitoring units and antenna lead-out structures can be set on both the positive and negative covers according to actual design requirements. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0060] The battery cell monitoring system provided in this embodiment integrates a monitoring unit containing a data acquisition module, a wireless communication module, and an antenna inside the metal-cased battery cell and connects it to the battery cell cover. At the same time, a composite antenna lead-out structure consisting of a support layer, an insulating layer, and a conductor layer is set at the mounting hole of the battery cell cover. The antenna is electrically connected to the conductor layer of the antenna lead-out structure. Finally, the wireless communication module establishes non-contact data communication with the main control module of the battery pack containing the battery cell through the antenna and the antenna lead-out structure to transmit the battery cell status data.

[0061] In the aforementioned cell monitoring system, the built-in design of the monitoring unit allows the acquisition module to directly collect real-time data from inside the cell, avoiding delays and biases caused by external indirect sampling. The antenna lead-out structure overcomes the shielding of wireless signals by the metal casing, ensuring communication stability. Non-contact communication eliminates complex external wiring, reducing the risk of system failure. Thus, it achieves the effects of improving cell monitoring accuracy, ensuring communication reliability, and simplifying the battery system structure.

[0062] As a further explanation of the monitoring unit, Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the monitoring unit provided in this application. Figure 3 As shown, the monitoring unit also includes a storage module, which is used to store the cell identification information and the cell status data collected by the acquisition module.

[0063] Specifically, in this embodiment, the storage module is an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM). This EEPROM is non-volatile, can still stably save data after power failure, and supports electrical signal erasure and writing, adapting to the data update needs during long-term use of the battery cell.

[0064] In this embodiment, the cell identification information includes traceability information such as the cell's unique identifier (UUID), manufacturer code, production date, rated capacity, rated voltage, cell model, and quality inspection batch number. Cell status data includes operating parameters such as real-time voltage value, real-time temperature value, number of charge / discharge cycles, capacity change per charge / discharge cycle, peak voltage fluctuation, temperature change rate, and historical fault records.

[0065] Accordingly, in this embodiment, the acquisition module includes acquisition circuits such as a voltage acquisition circuit and a temperature acquisition circuit, as well as a data preprocessing submodule. The voltage acquisition circuit acquires real-time voltage signals through elastic probes that make elastic contact with the cell tabs. The temperature acquisition circuit integrates a high-precision NTC thermistor to capture ambient temperature. The data preprocessing submodule is connected to each acquisition circuit and performs filtering, noise reduction, and analog-to-digital conversion on the raw signals acquired by each acquisition circuit to ensure data accuracy. Based on this, the input end of the storage module in this embodiment is connected to the output end of the data preprocessing submodule to obtain the processed cell status data and store it.

[0066] In this embodiment, the cell identity information is written during the cell production process. Specifically, before the cell leaves the factory, a wired communication connection is established between the programming equipment on the production line and the storage module of the monitoring unit. The staff will pre-enter the identity information into the cell production information management system and write it into the designated storage area of ​​the storage module in the form of electrical signals through the programming equipment. After writing is completed, the data is read through a verification command to verify consistency and ensure that the information is without deviation. At the same time, the storage module will set write protection permissions for this area, allowing only authorized devices to modify it, to prevent the identity information from being tampered with during the use of the cell. Unauthorized read operations can only obtain the information but cannot change it.

[0067] In practical applications, the storage module can also be a Flash memory, a ferroelectric memory (FRAM), or a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM). In addition, in addition to the above-mentioned parameters such as temperature and voltage, the cell status data can also include the cell's internal air pressure value, electrolyte leakage status, internal resistance change value, estimated remaining charge value, health status assessment value, etc., as long as the monitoring unit integrates the corresponding acquisition circuit. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0068] In this embodiment, by including a storage module in the monitoring unit, local storage of cell identity information and historical status data can be achieved, providing a data foundation for traceability management, identity verification, and fault analysis throughout the entire lifecycle of the cell. At each stage of cell production, factory testing, vehicle installation, and recycling / dismantling, identity verification and status traceability can be completed by reading data from the storage module. When a cell malfunctions, historical data provides direct evidence for technicians to pinpoint the cause of the fault, without relying on external database support, thus enhancing the system's independence and traceability.

[0069] like Figure 3 As shown, the monitoring unit also includes a microcontroller unit (MCU) and a sensor module; the MCU is connected to the acquisition module, the wireless communication module, and the sensor module to coordinate the working sequence of each module and control the acquisition and transmission of data; the sensor module includes a pressure sensor and / or a leakage sensor to acquire environmental parameters inside the battery cell.

[0070] In this embodiment, the sensor module is also located inside the battery cell. Specifically, it is fixed inside the battery cell near the electrolyte using a high-temperature resistant insulating bracket. The bracket can be made of polyimide material to ensure that there is no physical interference with the electrode components inside the battery cell and that it can withstand the high-temperature environment during the operation of the battery cell.

[0071] In this embodiment, the environmental parameters include the real-time air pressure value inside the battery cell, the rate of air pressure change, and the electrolyte leakage status. The air pressure sensor adopts a miniature absolute pressure sensor, while the leakage sensor uses an electrode-type detection principle to immediately trigger an electrical signal change when it comes into contact with the electrolyte.

[0072] In practical applications, the sensor module can also be located on the outside of the battery cell, or partially located on the outside of the battery cell. In addition, environmental parameters can also include the humidity value inside the battery cell, the pH value of the electrolyte, the concentration of gas components (such as CO, HF) and the internal stress value, as long as the sensor module integrates the corresponding sensor. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0073] Based on this, the monitoring unit is specifically used for: responding to the identity recognition request sent by the main control module, transmitting the cell identity information stored in the storage module; responding to the communication connection command sent by the main control module, returning a response signal to establish a communication connection; responding to the identity correction request sent by the main control module, retransmitting the correct cell identity information; and responding to the control command sent by the main control module after the communication connection is established, transmitting the cell status data stored in the storage module; wherein, the control command includes the module wake-up command and the cell equalization control command.

[0074] It should be understood that, in the above process, the MCU of the monitoring unit specifically undertakes the core control function. When the MCU receives the identification request from the main control module through the wireless communication module, it immediately sends a read command to the storage module to retrieve the cell identification information and encapsulates and feeds it back through the wireless communication module; when it receives a communication connection command, the MCU controls the wireless communication module to switch to pairing mode, generates a response signal containing its own identifier, and completes the establishment of the communication link; when it receives an identity correction request, the MCU first verifies the permission code in the request command, and after confirming its legality, it rereads the correct information from the storage module and transmits it; after the communication connection is established, if a module wake-up command is received, the MCU will activate the acquisition module and sensor module that are in a dormant state to start working; if a cell equalization control command is received, the MCU will synchronously transmit the stored cell status data such as cell voltage and capacity, and adjust its own working mode according to the command to cooperate with the equalization control.

[0075] In addition, the monitoring unit is also used to respond to real-time acquisition commands sent by the main control module. After receiving the command, the MCU first sends a start signal to the acquisition module and the sensor module, triggering the acquisition module to acquire real-time status data such as cell voltage and temperature. At the same time, the sensor module acquires environmental parameters such as internal air pressure and leakage of the cell. After the acquisition is completed, the acquisition module and the sensor module transmit the data to the MCU. After the MCU integrates and verifies the data, it sends the data to the storage module for real-time storage. On the other hand, it transmits the integrated cell status data and environmental parameters to the main control module in real time through the wireless communication module. If data abnormalities occur during the acquisition process, the MCU will also immediately generate abnormal warning information and transmit it to the main control module first to achieve rapid fault reporting.

[0076] In this embodiment, the MCU configuration enables intelligent collaboration and precise control of various modules, avoiding power waste and data chaos caused by disordered module operation. This creates an efficient closed loop for data acquisition, storage, and transmission, improving system response speed. The sensor module configuration breaks through the limitations of traditional external monitoring, directly capturing key safety indicators such as internal cell pressure and leakage. These indicators are early warning signs of faults such as thermal runaway and electrolyte leakage, helping the BMS to identify risks in advance. This solves the problem of external sensors being unable to perceive the internal environment of the cell, effectively improving the comprehensiveness of cell monitoring and the timeliness of fault warnings.

[0077] In this embodiment, the wireless communication module is an integrated radio frequency communication module, which integrates a radio frequency transmitting circuit, a radio frequency receiving circuit, and a communication protocol processing chip. It is the core communication carrier for data interaction between the monitoring unit and the main control module. This wireless communication module can implement basic wireless communication functions based on a single protocol, either Near Field Communication (NFC) or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). Its communication frequency band is compatible with industrial-grade wireless communication standards. The NFC protocol operates in the 13.56MHz band, and the BLE operates in the 2.4GHz ISM band, meeting the short-range, low-power communication requirements within the battery pack.

[0078] Under the basic communication architecture, the wireless communication module is electrically connected to the conductor layer of the antenna lead-out structure through the antenna. It encapsulates the cell identification information, cell status data and environmental parameters transmitted by the MCU into wireless communication data packets and sends them to the main control module. At the same time, it receives various instructions issued by the main control module, parses the instructions and transmits them to the MCU, realizing bidirectional data interaction between the monitoring unit and the main control module.

[0079] As a preferred example, the wireless communication module includes a protocol switching unit, which is used to: detect the metal structure interference intensity and / or signal attenuation in the communication environment in real time, and switch to the target communication protocol according to the metal structure interference intensity and / or signal attenuation; the target communication protocol is the Near Field Communication (NFC) protocol or the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol.

[0080] Specifically, as one possible approach, when protocol switching is based solely on the interference intensity of the metal structure, the protocol switching unit incorporates an interference detection circuit with two preset interference intensity thresholds: a low interference threshold (e.g., 20 dBμV / m) and a high interference threshold (e.g., 80 dBμV / m). When the detected interference intensity is below the low interference threshold, the system defaults to the NFC protocol, utilizing its short-range and metal-resistant characteristics to achieve high-speed data transmission. When the interference intensity is between the low and high interference thresholds, the NFC protocol is maintained, and the transmit power of the wireless communication module is increased via the MCU. When the interference intensity exceeds the high interference threshold, the system immediately switches to the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol, leveraging its frequency-hopping communication capability to avoid strong interference.

[0081] As another possible approach, when protocol switching is based solely on signal attenuation, the protocol switching unit calculates the signal attenuation by receiving the Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) value from the main control module and presets an attenuation threshold (e.g., 35dB). When the attenuation is below the threshold, it indicates that the communication link is unobstructed, and the NFC protocol is prioritized for data interaction to meet the needs of batch data transmission. When the attenuation is above the threshold, the system switches to the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol, trading a slightly lower transmission rate (approximately 1Mbps) for stronger signal penetration to ensure uninterrupted data transmission.

[0082] As another possible approach, when combining the interference intensity of the metal structure and the signal attenuation to achieve protocol switching, the protocol switching unit simultaneously collects two parameters and establishes a two-dimensional judgment matrix. When the interference intensity is low and the attenuation is small, the NFC protocol is used. When the interference intensity is high but the attenuation is small, the NFC protocol is maintained and the anti-interference algorithm is activated. When the interference intensity is low but the attenuation is large, the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol is switched to. When both parameters exceed the limit, the adaptive frequency hopping mode of the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol is activated to further improve the anti-interference performance.

[0083] In practical applications, a switching mechanism can also be implemented based on characteristics such as communication latency and data packet loss rate. For example, when the loss rate of five consecutive data packets exceeds 8%, a protocol switch is triggered. Alternatively, a fixed protocol can be used without switching based on the working state of the battery cell. For example, Bluetooth Low Energy protocol can be used to ensure real-time performance during fast charging, while NFC protocol can be used to reduce power consumption when the battery is idle. It can also be compatible with protocols such as ZigBee and LoRa, which are suitable for medium and long-distance communication. This embodiment does not impose any limitations on these protocols.

[0084] In this embodiment, the dynamic adjustment capability of the protocol switching unit overcomes the dynamic interference of the complex metallic environment inside the battery pack on a single communication protocol. It should be understood that the dense metal casing, terminals, and module supports within the battery pack generate a dynamic electromagnetic environment due to cell charging and discharging, vehicle vibrations, etc., making a single protocol prone to communication interruptions or data distortion. The above-mentioned design allows the built-in wireless monitoring system to match the optimal communication protocol throughout its entire lifecycle and under various operating conditions, ensuring communication link stability and data reliability. For example, during the operation of a new energy vehicle, when battery pack vibration causes changes in the relative positions of metal components, the system can automatically switch to the appropriate protocol, preventing data transmission interruptions from affecting BMS decision-making.

[0085] As a further explanation of the antenna lead-out structure Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cell monitoring system provided in this application Figure 2 .like Figure 4As shown, the support layer of the antenna lead-out structure is a metal boss structure. The metal boss structure is fixedly connected to the cell cover plate through an insulating layer, and a radiation gap is formed between the metal boss structure and the cell cover plate. The end of the conductor layer exposed to the outside of the cell is located near the radiation gap.

[0086] In this embodiment, the metal boss structure is specifically an independent metal plate, the shape of which can be designed as circular, square, or polygonal according to the layout requirements of the cell cover plate; this embodiment does not limit this. In this embodiment, the metal boss structure is fixed and sealed to the cell cover plate through an insulating layer, i.e., a plastic sealant.

[0087] In this embodiment, the insulating layer is a plastic sealant, and the conductor layer is a copper antenna conductor. Specifically, in this embodiment, the plastic sealant fills the mounting hole of the cell cover plate, with its circumferential sidewall tightly fitted to the inner wall of the mounting hole. The top of the plastic sealant protrudes above the upper surface of the cell cover plate, and the circumferential sidewall of the protruding part near the top is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the slot opened at the bottom of the boss structure. The protruding part away from the top is exposed on the outside of the cell, thereby forming a radiation gap between the metal boss structure and the cell cover plate.

[0088] In this embodiment, the conductor layer penetrates the through hole of the plastic seal, with one end extending into the cell and electrically connected to the antenna of the monitoring unit via laser welding, and the other end fixed to the metal boss structure.

[0089] More specifically, in this embodiment, the boss structure is made of 304 stainless steel, which possesses excellent structural strength and corrosion resistance, and can withstand the stress generated by changes in internal air pressure within the battery cell. The insulating layer, also known as the plastic seal, is made of modified PP (polypropylene), which, with the addition of glass fiber, can withstand a temperature range of -40℃ to 120℃, and possesses both insulation and resistance to electrolyte corrosion. The conductor layer is made of oxygen-free copper with a purity of over 99.95%, with a tin-plated surface, ensuring low-loss signal transmission and preventing copper oxidation. Its diameter is precisely matched to the antenna coil of the monitoring unit to ensure welding stability.

[0090] In practical applications, the connection method between the metal boss structure and the cell cover can be flexibly adjusted. It can use the sealing connection of this embodiment, or it can be integrally molded according to production needs, such as using a stamping process to make the boss and cover a single unit. It can also be fixed by welding (resistance welding, laser welding) or bolt fastening, adapting to different production scenarios. However, it should be noted that in this case, the metal boss structure needs to have a radiation window on the top or side wall to lead the antenna signal out of the metal casing. Regarding materials, the boss can be replaced with lightweight metals such as aluminum alloy or titanium alloy, the insulation layer can be replaced with high-performance engineering plastics such as PEEK or PPS, and the conductor layer can be made of silver-copper alloy, gold-plated copper, etc. This embodiment does not limit these options.

[0091] Furthermore, in practical applications, the support layer can also be a non-metallic boss structure, made of high-performance engineering plastics such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), or ceramics. This embodiment is not limited to this. With this configuration, wireless signals can directly penetrate the insulating support layer, thus enabling signal transmission without the need for additional radiation gaps or windows.

[0092] In this embodiment, the metal boss structure, the radiating gap, and the internal conductor layer together constitute an antenna system. The metal boss structure acts as the ground reference surface of the antenna, and electromagnetic waves are mainly radiated outward from the radiating gap. This configuration effectively overcomes the shielding of wireless signals by the metal casing of the battery cell, while the insulating layer achieves reliable physical sealing and electrical insulation.

[0093] As a preferred example, the plastic seal is made of a thermosensitive polymer, and the sealing strength of the thermosensitive polymer is adaptively adjusted according to the change of the cell's operating temperature.

[0094] Specifically, the aforementioned thermosensitive polymer is a thermotropic shape memory polypropylene material. After modification, this material has a glass transition temperature as low as -40℃, far below the normal operating temperature limit of the battery cell (-20℃). It maintains stable elasticity and sealing performance throughout the entire operating temperature range of the battery cell, and its internal molecular structure undergoes reversible reconstruction with temperature changes. When the battery cell operating temperature rises above 60℃, the thermosensitive polymer molecular chains contract, slightly reducing its volume. This increases the adhesion pressure between the polymer and the inner wall of the boss structure and the sidewall of the conductor layer, improving the sealing strength by more than 30% compared to the normal temperature state. This effectively resists the increase in gas pressure inside the battery cell caused by temperature rise. When the battery cell operating temperature drops below 0℃, the thermosensitive polymer molecular chains expand, maintaining a certain degree of elastic deformation to prevent gaps from appearing on the sealing surface due to low-temperature embrittlement. Under normal operating temperatures of 25℃ to 45℃, its sealing strength remains within a stable range, balancing sealing performance and structural compatibility.

[0095] In practical applications, a composite method of heat-sensitive adhesive layer + elastic matrix can also be used. That is, the plastic seal uses silicone as the elastic matrix and mixes heat-sensitive curing adhesive inside. When the temperature rises, the heat-sensitive adhesive cures and enhances the sealing strength, and when the temperature drops, the silicone matrix maintains elasticity and sealing. A composite material of thermally expandable graphite and plastic can also be used, utilizing the temperature sensitivity of thermally expandable graphite to achieve adaptive adjustment of sealing performance. This embodiment does not limit this approach.

[0096] In this embodiment, by using a thermosensitive polymer as a plastic sealant, dynamic adaptive optimization of the sealing effect is achieved. Under conditions such as charge-discharge cycles and ambient temperature fluctuations, the internal temperature of the battery cell continuously changes, ensuring optimal sealing pressure under different temperature conditions. This avoids the risk of electrolyte leakage and protects the assembly stability of the antenna lead-out structure, further guaranteeing the long-term effectiveness of the sealing effect from a material perspective.

[0097] This application also provides an embodiment of a battery cell monitoring system. In this embodiment, the battery cell monitoring system includes multiple monitoring units, each of which corresponds to a different battery cell in the battery pack and establishes communication with the same main control module through its respective antenna lead-out structure.

[0098] Based on this, each monitoring unit is specifically used to: respond to control commands sent by the main control module at the same time; and transmit cell status data sequentially in a polling manner during the data transmission phase. Each monitoring unit starts its own data transmission after receiving the implicit signal that the previous monitoring unit has completed data transmission or the polling switching command issued by the main control module.

[0099] Specifically, as an example, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of communication data transmission provided in this application, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the entire polling communication process is divided into two core stages: the instruction issuance stage and the data upload stage.

[0100] During the instruction issuance phase, the main control module synchronously sends control signals containing data acquisition and transmission instructions to all monitoring units in the battery pack at the timing start point t0. All monitoring units complete instruction reception and parsing and enter the waiting-to-transmit state at time t1. This process takes no more than 1ms to ensure instruction synchronization.

[0101] After entering the data upload phase, monitoring unit 1 completes instruction parsing at time t1 and actively uploads the collected cell status data (voltage, temperature, sensor sampling data, etc.) to the main control module, and completes data transmission at time t2. Monitoring unit 2, upon detecting the completion of monitoring unit 1's transmission at time t2, immediately starts its own data transmission, which is completed at time t3. Monitoring unit 3, upon detecting the completion of monitoring unit 2's transmission at time t3, starts its own transmission, which is completed at time t4. Subsequent monitoring units 3 to n all upload data sequentially according to the logic of triggering their own transmission immediately after the previous unit's transmission is completed. The data transmission time of each monitoring unit is controlled within 2ms, and the transmission interval between adjacent monitoring units does not exceed 0.5ms, ensuring that the data upload of all units is completed within the preset period.

[0102] In practical applications, a non-polling Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) method can also be used. The main control module allocates a unique fixed time slice to each monitoring unit. The time slices are arranged sequentially according to the cell number and do not overlap. The control commands sent by the main control module include a time slice allocation table. After receiving the table, each monitoring unit starts data transmission only within its corresponding time slice, without waiting for the signal from the previous unit or the switching command from the main control module. For example, if there are 10 cells in the battery pack, the main control module allocates a 0-10ms time slice to monitoring unit 1, 10-20ms to unit 2, and so on. Each unit completes data transmission independently within its dedicated time slice, avoiding transmission conflicts. In addition, a cell-priority-based transmission method can also be used, assigning high priority to cells in the core area or cells that have historically experienced anomalies. After the main control module's control command is triggered, high-priority monitoring units transmit data first, and low-priority units transmit data sequentially after the high-priority units have completed their transmissions. This embodiment does not limit this approach.

[0103] The cell monitoring system provided in this embodiment enables each monitoring unit of the battery pack to occupy the communication channel in a time-sharing manner under the coordination of the main control module, ensuring that the status data of each cell can be transmitted to the main control module completely and accurately. Simultaneously, this cell monitoring system is adaptable to application scenarios with densely packed multiple cells, while also ensuring the orderly and reliable transmission of data. This provides stable data support for the BMS to accurately assess the overall status of the battery pack, and avoids system misjudgments or malfunctions caused by communication conflicts.

[0104] This application also provides a battery cell, which includes a battery cell body and a battery cell monitoring system. The battery cell body includes a metal casing and a battery cell cover. The battery cell monitoring system includes a monitoring unit and an antenna lead-out structure. The monitoring unit is integrated inside the metal casing of the battery cell and is fixedly connected to the battery cell cover. The monitoring unit includes a data acquisition module, a wireless communication module, and an antenna electrically connected to the wireless communication module. The antenna lead-out structure is a composite structure disposed on the battery cell cover. The composite structure includes a metal layer, an insulating layer, and a conductor layer. The wireless communication module is used to establish non-contact data communication with the main control module of the battery pack containing the battery cell through the antenna and the antenna lead-out structure to transmit the battery cell status data acquired by the data acquisition module.

[0105] It should be understood that the cell monitoring system mentioned here is the same as the cell monitoring system in the aforementioned embodiments. Therefore, for specific limitations of each part, please refer to the aforementioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0106] It should be noted that the battery cell includes a positive electrode cover and a negative electrode cover. In practical applications, a battery cell monitoring system can be installed on both the positive and negative electrode covers to achieve redundant acquisition and cross-verification of battery cell status data through dual monitoring units, thereby improving data accuracy. Alternatively, a battery cell monitoring system can be installed on either the positive or negative electrode cover, allowing for flexible selection based on the battery cell structure layout and monitoring requirements. This reduces production costs while meeting basic monitoring needs. This application does not impose any limitations on this approach.

[0107] The battery cell provided in this application solves the core problem of communication failure caused by the metal casing shielding wireless signals, which is a common issue in traditional battery cells. By integrating a monitoring unit inside the metal casing and using a dedicated antenna lead-out structure, it achieves non-contact and stable transmission of internal cell status data. The fixed connection between the monitoring unit and the cell cover avoids structural damage to the monitoring module caused by vibration during charging and discharging, ensuring long-term stability. The acquisition module can capture key status parameters such as cell voltage and temperature in real time. Combined with the real-time interaction between the wireless communication module and the main control module, the BMS can accurately grasp the operating status of each cell, providing data support for battery pack equalization control and fault warning, effectively reducing the risks of overcharging, over-discharging, and thermal runaway.

[0108] Meanwhile, the composite structure design of the antenna lead-out structure combines insulation, sealing, and signal transmission functions. While ensuring the cell's sealing and safety, it does not compromise the integrity of the metal casing, is compatible with existing cell manufacturing processes, and possesses strong industrial application value. Furthermore, the flexible configuration of the positive and negative electrode covers can adapt to the needs of cells with different capacities and application scenarios, improving versatility and adaptability.

[0109] This application also provides a battery pack, which includes at least one battery module and a main control module corresponding to the battery module. The battery module includes multiple battery cells as described in the foregoing embodiments. The main control module includes a communication module and a control module. The communication module is equipped with a communication antenna. The communication antenna is arranged above the antenna lead-out structure of the battery cell in the corresponding battery module, and the distance between the communication antenna and the antenna lead-out structure is less than a preset distance, so that the communication module can establish non-contact data communication with the battery cell monitoring system.

[0110] Specifically, in this embodiment, the battery pack achieves centralized control of the cell status through a hierarchical architecture of main control module-battery module-cell. Each battery module is composed of multiple cells connected in series and parallel. All cells are equipped with the aforementioned integrated monitoring unit and antenna lead-out structure monitoring system to ensure that the status of a single cell can be collected independently.

[0111] In this embodiment, the main control module serves as the core control unit. Its control module is responsible for generating instructions, processing data, and overall scheduling, while the communication module is specifically responsible for data transmission and reception. The configured communication antenna adopts a frequency band that matches the battery cell monitoring system (such as the 13.56MHz frequency band corresponding to NFC communication).

[0112] To ensure the stability of contactless communication, the communication antenna is precisely positioned above the battery module, forming a vertical correspondence with the antenna lead-out structure of each battery cell below. The preset distance is usually controlled within the range of 5-10mm. This distance can avoid the impact of battery cell heating on the antenna and ensure that the signal transmission loss is controlled within 10dB, meeting the signal-to-noise ratio requirements for data interaction, thereby realizing a reliable wireless data link between the communication module and the monitoring system of each battery cell.

[0113] As an example, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack provided in this application, such as... Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the battery pack includes two independent battery modules, each containing 12 cells. Each cell has a cell monitoring system installed on both its positive and negative cover plates, forming a dual monitoring unit configuration.

[0114] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, the positive and negative cover plates of the battery cell are respectively equipped with independent boss structures, plastic seals and conductor layers. Two sets of antenna lead-out structures are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the battery cell, corresponding to two independent monitoring units inside the battery cell, which can collect voltage, temperature and other status data of the positive and negative sides of the battery cell respectively, realizing redundant data acquisition.

[0115] In this example, each battery module is configured with an independent communication module. The communication antenna of the communication module is long and covers the width of the entire battery module. The antenna is kept at a preset distance from the two sets of antenna leads of all the cells in the module. It can establish communication with the two monitoring units of each cell in turn through polling, obtain two sets of status data respectively and transmit them to the control module for cross-verification.

[0116] like Figure 6 As shown, in this example, the communication module and the control module interact with each other via the CAN bus. The control module is connected to the main management unit of the battery pack via the main control line to complete data aggregation and command issuance.

[0117] In practical applications, multiple battery modules can correspond to one communication module. In this case, the communication module needs to be equipped with a higher-power communication antenna or adopt an array antenna design, extending the antenna coverage to the area above all corresponding battery modules to ensure that the antenna lead-out structures of the cells within each module can meet the communication distance requirements. Regarding connectivity, the communication module establishes logical communication links with each battery module through a multi-channel signal processing unit. The control module pre-assigns a unique module identifier to each battery module. When sending control commands, the communication module carries the target module identifier; only the cell monitoring system within the corresponding module will respond to the command and transmit data. When receiving data, the communication module parses the module identifier and cell identifier carried in the data, classifies them, and transmits them to the control module, achieving centralized communication management of multiple modules. This embodiment does not limit this aspect.

[0118] The battery pack provided in this application effectively solves the wireless communication shielding problem of metal-cased cells through precise layout and distance control of the communication antenna-antenna lead-out structure, achieving non-contact and stable transmission of cell status data. Compared with traditional wired monitoring solutions, this eliminates complex wiring connections, reducing assembly difficulty and failure risk. Furthermore, the configuration of a single communication module for each battery module enables independent data management at the module level. Combined with the dual-monitoring unit design of the cell's dual-cover plate, redundant data acquisition and cross-validation effectively improve the accuracy of cell status assessment, providing a more reliable basis for fault early warning. Simultaneously, this battery pack supports flexible configuration of multiple battery modules and a single communication module, dynamically adjusting according to the battery pack's capacity and cost requirements, adapting to various application scenarios from small energy storage battery packs to large power battery packs, thus improving versatility.

[0119] In addition, the main control module achieves orderly transmission of data from each cell through centralized communication scheduling, avoiding signal conflicts caused by simultaneous communication of multiple devices, effectively improving the reliability of data transmission, providing efficient data support for the balanced control and safety protection of the BMS system, effectively extending the service life of the battery pack and reducing maintenance costs.

[0120] Finally, it should be noted that other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein, and is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery cell monitoring system, characterized in that, The system includes a monitoring unit and an antenna lead-out structure, wherein... The monitoring unit is integrated inside the metal-cased battery cell and is fixedly connected to the battery cell cover plate. The monitoring unit includes a data acquisition module, a wireless communication module, and an antenna electrically connected to the wireless communication module. The antenna lead-out structure is a composite structure disposed on the cell cover plate. The composite structure includes a support layer, an insulating layer, and a conductor layer. One end of the conductor layer is used for electrical connection with the antenna, and the other end is exposed outside the cell. It is also insulated from the support layer and the cell cover plate by the insulating layer. The wireless communication module is used to establish contactless data communication with the main control module of the battery pack containing the battery cell through the antenna and the conductor layer, so as to transmit the battery cell status data collected by the acquisition module.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless communication module includes a protocol switching unit, which is used for: Real-time detection of the interference intensity and / or signal attenuation of metal structures in the communication environment, and switching to the target communication protocol based on the interference intensity and / or signal attenuation of the metal structures; The target communication protocol is either Near Field Communication (NFC) or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The monitoring unit also includes a storage module, which is used to store the cell identification information and the cell status data collected by the acquisition module.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The monitoring unit is specifically used for: In response to the identity recognition request sent by the main control module, the cell identity information stored in the storage module is transmitted; In response to the communication connection command sent by the main control module, a response signal is returned to establish a communication connection; In response to the identity correction request sent by the main control module, the correct cell identity information is retransmitted. In response to the control command sent by the main control module after the communication connection is established, the cell status data stored in the storage module is transmitted; wherein, the control command includes a module wake-up command and a cell balancing control command.

5. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the system includes multiple monitoring units, each monitoring unit corresponds to a different cell in the battery pack and establishes communication with the same main control module through its respective antenna lead-out structure; each monitoring unit is specifically used for: In response to the control command sent by the main control module at the same time; During the data transmission phase, the cell status data is transmitted sequentially in a polling manner. Each monitoring unit initiates its own data transmission after receiving an implicit signal indicating that the previous monitoring unit has completed data transmission or a polling switching command issued by the main control module.

6. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The support layer of the antenna lead-out structure is a metal boss structure. The metal boss structure is fixedly connected to the cell cover plate through the insulating layer, and a radiation gap is formed between the metal boss structure and the cell cover plate. The end of the conductor layer exposed to the outside of the cell is located close to the radiation gap.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The plastic seal is made of a thermosensitive polymer, and the sealing strength of the thermosensitive polymer is adaptively adjusted according to the operating temperature of the battery cell.

8. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The monitoring unit also includes a microcontroller unit (MCU) and a sensor module; wherein... The MCU is connected to the acquisition module, the wireless communication module and the sensor module, and is used to coordinate the working timing of each module and control the acquisition and transmission of data. The sensor module includes a pressure sensor and / or a leakage sensor, used to collect environmental parameters inside the battery cell.

9. A battery cell, characterized in that, The battery cell includes a battery cell body and a battery cell monitoring system, wherein the battery cell body includes a metal casing and a battery cell cover plate; The battery cell monitoring system includes a monitoring unit and an antenna lead-out structure. The monitoring unit is integrated inside the metal-cased battery cell and fixedly connected to the battery cell cover plate. The monitoring unit includes a data acquisition module, a wireless communication module, and an antenna electrically connected to the wireless communication module. The antenna lead-out structure is a composite structure disposed on the cell cover plate. The composite structure includes a support layer, an insulating layer, and a conductor layer. One end of the conductor layer is used for electrical connection with the antenna, and the other end is exposed outside the cell. It is also insulated from the support layer and the cell cover plate by the insulating layer. The wireless communication module is used to establish contactless data communication with the main control module of the battery pack containing the battery cell through the antenna and the conductor layer, so as to transmit the battery cell status data collected by the acquisition module.

10. A battery pack, characterized in that, The battery pack includes at least one battery module and a main control module corresponding to the battery module, wherein the battery module includes multiple battery cells as described in claim 9; wherein... The main control module includes a communication module and a control module. The communication module is equipped with a communication antenna. The communication antenna is arranged above the antenna lead-out structure of the cell in the corresponding battery module, and the distance between the communication antenna and the antenna lead-out structure is less than a preset distance, so that the communication module can establish non-contact data communication with the cell monitoring system.

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