An antenna element and antenna array that integrates radiation and scattering

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of antenna technology and discloses an integrated radiation and scattering antenna element and antenna array. The integrated radiation and scattering antenna element provided by this invention includes a first antenna subarray and a second antenna subarray; two first antenna subarrays and two second antenna subarrays form a checkerboard-like array; there is a height difference between the first antenna subarrays and the second antenna subarrays, forming a staggered structure. The antenna array provided by this invention includes multiple integrated radiation and scattering antenna elements, which are periodically arranged to form the antenna array. The integrated radiation and scattering antenna scheme provided by this invention can achieve ultra-wideband low scattering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of antenna technology, and more specifically, relates to an antenna element and antenna array that integrates radiation and scattering. Background Technology

[0002] As modern radar detection and electromagnetic stealth technologies develop towards ultra-wideband, low-profile, highly integrated, and multifunctional technologies, antenna systems face increasingly stringent requirements. On the one hand, stealth platforms require antennas to have a low radar cross section (RCS) in the ultra-wideband frequency range to achieve strong stealth capabilities. However, existing low-scatter antennas have narrow RCS reduction bandwidths, which cannot meet the engineering requirements of ultra-wideband stealth. For example, traditional checkerboard metasurfaces and other low-scatter configurations can only achieve RCS reduction within a limited frequency band, and cannot simultaneously cover the C-band, X-band, Ku-band, K-band, and Ka-band commonly used in radar detection, making it difficult to cope with multi-band detection in complex electromagnetic environments. On the other hand, many applications require antenna structures to be thin, low-profile, and easy to conformally integrate. However, traditional antennas design their "radiation function" and "scattering suppression function" separately, employing a separate design scheme of "radiating antenna + low-scattering metasurface." These two systems are independently configured and do not share a structural layer, resulting not only in low overall antenna space utilization, high profile height, and poor system integration, but also in the potential for mutual constraints and interference between radiation and scattering control characteristics. Against this backdrop, achieving both high-efficiency radiation and ultra-wideband low-scattering using a single structure has become a key development trend in the antenna field.

[0003] However, existing integrated radiation and scattering antenna solutions generally employ planar structures, relying solely on the resonance of the antenna elements to achieve phase difference. This results in a single phase adjustment dimension and limited bandwidth. Furthermore, existing integrated antenna solutions, due to their reliance on planar two-dimensional phase compensation, exhibit poor adaptability to obliquely incident and multi-polarized electromagnetic waves, are angle-sensitive, and have weak polarization stability, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve ultra-wideband stealth, stable radiation, and engineering versatility. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an integrated radiation and scattering antenna element and antenna array, which solves the problem that existing integrated radiation and scattering antenna schemes are difficult to achieve ultra-wideband low scattering.

[0005] The present invention provides an antenna unit integrating radiation and scattering, comprising: a first antenna subarray and a second antenna subarray; two of the first antenna subarrays and two of the second antenna subarrays form a checkerboard array; there is a height difference between the first antenna subarray and the second antenna subarray, forming a staggered structure.

[0006] Preferably, the two second antenna subarrays are disposed on the same antenna structure; the antenna structure is divided into four regions of 2 rows × 2 columns, the two second antenna subarrays are respectively located in the first region and the fourth region on one diagonal of the antenna structure, and the second region and the third region on the other diagonal of the antenna structure are hollow structures; the two first antenna subarrays are respectively arranged above the two hollow structures.

[0007] Preferably, the first antenna subarray and the second antenna subarray have the same stacked structure, each including a first radiating layer, a second radiating layer, and a slot-coupled feed assembly arranged sequentially from top to bottom; the first radiating layer includes a first dielectric substrate and a first radiator disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate; the second radiating layer includes a second dielectric substrate and a second radiator disposed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate; the slot-coupled feed assembly includes a ground layer, a third dielectric substrate, and a feed layer, the ground layer having multiple slots, and the third dielectric substrate being located between the ground layer and the feed layer.

[0008] Preferably, the first radiator layer is formed by arranging at least two different sizes of radiating patches; the second radiator layer is formed by arranging at least two different sizes of radiating patches, and the size of the radiating patches in the second radiator layer is different from the size of the radiating patches in the first radiator layer.

[0009] Preferably, radiation patches of different specifications have different sizes but the same shape.

[0010] Preferably, the first radiator layer includes a first radiating patch and a second radiating patch; a plurality of first radiating patches are arranged to form four cross shapes, and second radiating patches are arranged around the periphery of the cross shapes; gaps exist between two adjacent first radiating patches, between two adjacent second radiating patches, and between adjacent first radiating patches and second radiating patches; The second radiator includes a third radiating patch and a fourth radiating patch; the third radiating patch is arranged in a position corresponding to the first radiating patch, and the fourth radiating patch is arranged in a position corresponding to the second radiating patch.

[0011] Preferably, the feeder structure arranged in the feeder layer adopts a stepped feeder.

[0012] Preferably, the height difference between the first antenna subarray and the second antenna subarray ranges from 7mm to 11mm.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides an antenna array comprising a plurality of the above-mentioned radiation-scattering integrated antenna elements; the plurality of antenna elements are periodically arranged to form the antenna array.

[0014] Preferably, the scattered field of the antenna array achieves stable phase cancellation in the ultra-wide frequency band of 4 GHz to 40 GHz, achieving a radar cross-section reduction of not less than 5 dB.

[0015] One or more technical solutions provided in this invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages: The radiation-scattering integrated antenna element provided by this invention includes a first antenna subarray and a second antenna subarray; two first antenna subarrays and two second antenna subarrays form a checkerboard-like array; there is a height difference between the first antenna subarray and the second antenna subarray, forming a staggered structure. This invention also constructs an antenna array by periodically arranging multiple of the above-mentioned antenna elements. This invention utilizes a phase cancellation mechanism to achieve ultra-wideband low scattering. A 2.5D three-dimensional structure is formed through the staggered heights of the antenna subarrays, and a fixed spatial phase shift is introduced through the longitudinal height difference between the high and low antenna subarrays. This overcomes the two-dimensional limitation of traditional planar arrays that rely solely on the antenna's own resonant characteristics to adjust the phase. Under the synergistic effect of spatial phase shift and the inherent phase response of the antenna subarrays, the scattered field of the antenna array provided by this invention achieves stable phase cancellation in the ultra-wideband frequency range of 4GHz to 40GHz, achieving a radar cross section reduction of no less than 5dB. That is, this invention can achieve ultra-wideband RCS reduction. Meanwhile, the invention adopts an integrated structure reuse design, with radiation function and scattering control function relying on the same physical carrier. The three-dimensional staggered layout simultaneously takes into account phase cancellation conditions and radiation excitation conditions. The electromagnetic environment required for the two types of functions does not conflict with each other. Therefore, radiation performance and low scattering characteristics do not restrict each other, reflecting the synergistic optimization effect of integrated design. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an antenna unit that integrates radiation and scattering, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 An exploded view of the first antenna subarray in a radiation-scattering integrated antenna unit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 An exploded view of the second antenna subarray in a radiation-scattering integrated antenna unit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a detailed schematic diagram of a portion of the structure of an integrated radiation and scattering antenna unit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a simulation result diagram of the scattering parameters of an antenna array provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a scattering effect diagram of an antenna array in various frequency bands provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 7This is a simulation performance diagram of the radar cross-section reduction performance of an antenna array provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a simulation result diagram of the radiation direction of an antenna array provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0017] Among them, 1 is the first antenna subarray, and 2 is the second antenna subarray; 3-First radiator, 4-First dielectric substrate, 5-Second radiator, 6-Second dielectric substrate, 7-Ground layer, 8-Third dielectric substrate, 9-Feed layer; 31-First radiating patch, 32-Second radiating patch, 51-Third radiating patch, 52-Fourth radiating patch, 71-Gap, 91-Input port of feeder. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0019] Example 1: Example 1 provides an antenna element that integrates radiation and scattering, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a first antenna subarray 1 and a second antenna subarray 2; the two first antenna subarrays 1 and the two second antenna subarrays 2 form a chessboard-like array; the first antenna subarray 1 and the second antenna subarray 2 have a height difference h, forming a staggered structure.

[0020] The two types of antenna subarrays in Example 1 can be referred to as "high element" and "low element" respectively. By arranging the high and low elements alternately, a deformed checkerboard array is formed, which not only retains the phase cancellation logic of the checkerboard, but also introduces a new control dimension through the vertical height difference.

[0021] Example 1 employs a three-dimensional staggered chessboard-like structure with height differences (which can also be understood as a 2.5D metasurface high-low staggered structure). It relies on the longitudinal dimension of space to supplement phase adjustment capabilities, rather than solely on planar position to divide the phase. Compared to a purely planar, regular chessboard layout, Example 1 utilizes the high-low staggered structure to construct a wideband phase difference, enabling the scattered waves to achieve interference cancellation over an ultra-wideband range. This achieves stable and efficient RCS reduction. Example 1 significantly improves wideband phase maintenance capabilities, solving the problem of high-frequency and low-frequency phase shift failure in traditional structures. Based on its 2.5D multi-layered structure, Example 1 enhances the degree of freedom in electromagnetic control, maintaining stable low-scattering characteristics across a wide frequency band and wide incident angle, possessing strong engineering versatility and scalability.

[0022] See Figure 2 , Figure 3The first antenna subarray 1 and the second antenna subarray 2 have the same stacked structure, both including a first radiating layer, a second radiating layer and a slot-coupled feed assembly arranged from top to bottom.

[0023] Taking the first antenna subarray as an example, the first antenna subarray includes a first radiating layer, a second radiating layer, and a slot-coupled feed assembly arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The first antenna subarray is a fully fitted structure with no cavities.

[0024] Specifically, the first radiating layer includes a first dielectric substrate 4 and a first radiator 3 disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 4; the second radiating layer includes a second dielectric substrate 6 and a second radiator 5 disposed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 6.

[0025] The first radiator 3 is formed by arranging at least two different sizes of radiating patches; the second radiator 5 is formed by arranging at least two different sizes of radiating patches, and the size of the radiating patches in the second radiator 5 is different from the size of the radiating patches in the first radiator 3.

[0026] Different radiating patches can have different sizes but the same shape. For example, they can be square or square derivatives. This invention also uses radiating patches of different sizes arranged in an alternating pattern. The inherent electromagnetic resonant frequency bands of the various types of radiating patches are staggered, and each can output a suitable phase signal over a wide frequency range. That is, this invention does not use radiating patches of a single size and the same properties, but instead uses a combination of multiple complementary radiating patches. By relying on the inherent differences in the electromagnetic characteristics of the radiating patches, the frequency domain coverage is broadened. Compared to traditional homogeneous designs, the frequency band compatibility of this invention is significantly improved.

[0027] The following explanation uses the example of each radiator being formed by arranging two different sizes of radiating patches.

[0028] See Figure 4 (a) and Figure 4In (b), the first layer of radiators 3 includes a first radiating patch 31 and a second radiating patch 32. Multiple first radiating patches 31 are arranged to form four cross shapes, which can be considered as being located in four sub-regions of 2 rows × 2 columns. The second radiating patches 32 are arranged around the periphery of the cross shapes, which can be understood as using the second radiating patches 32 to complete the remaining areas. The second radiating patches 32 also separate the four cross shapes. Gaps exist between adjacent first radiating patches 31, between adjacent second radiating patches 32, and between adjacent first radiating patches 31 and second radiating patches 32. The second layer of radiators 5 includes a third radiating patch 51 and a fourth radiating patch 52; the third radiating patch 51 corresponds to the arrangement position of the first radiating patches 31, and the fourth radiating patch 52 corresponds to the arrangement position of the second radiating patches 32.

[0029] See Figure 2 The slot-coupled power supply assembly includes a ground layer 7, a third dielectric substrate 8, and a power supply layer 9. See also... Figure 4 In (c), the ground layer 7 has multiple slots 71 (e.g., four slots 71, each corresponding to a cross shape as described above), forming a slot-coupled feed path. The third dielectric substrate 8 is located between the ground layer 7 and the feed layer 9. See also Figure 4 In (d), the feed layer 9 includes the input port 91 of the feed line.

[0030] The feeding structure is hidden in the bottom layer to avoid scattering interference. The feeding layer 9 located below couples the feeding excitation of the periodic array located above through the gap 71, realizing the coordinated operation of broadband radiation and scattering control. The gap 71 serves as an electromagnetic energy transmission channel, which can smoothly complete cross-layer energy coupling. The feed line structure arranged in the feeding layer 9 can adopt a stepped feed line. The stepped feed line structure can continuously optimize the impedance matching degree across the entire frequency band and effectively weaken the impedance mismatch problem caused by frequency fluctuations, thus achieving broadband stable radiation.

[0031] The height difference between the first antenna subarray 1 and the second antenna subarray 2 ranges from 7mm to 11mm. The method of mounting and fixing to create this height difference is not limited in this invention; for example, it can be achieved using support columns.

[0032] See Figure 1 , Figure 3The two second antenna subarrays 2 can be disposed on the same antenna structure; the antenna structure is divided into four regions of 2 rows × 2 columns, the two second antenna subarrays 2 are respectively located in the first region and the fourth region on one diagonal of the antenna structure, and the second region and the third region on the other diagonal of the antenna structure are hollow structures; the two first antenna subarrays 1 are respectively arranged above the two hollow structures.

[0033] For ease of fabrication, the two first antenna subarrays 1 and the two second antenna subarrays 2 can all originate from the same antenna structure. The antenna structure is divided into four regions of 2 rows × 2 columns. The first and fourth regions on one diagonal of the antenna structure are retained to form the two second antenna subarrays 2. The second and third regions on the other diagonal of the antenna structure are cut off to form the two first antenna subarrays 1. Then, they are fixedly installed according to a preset height difference.

[0034] Example 2: Example 2 provides an antenna array, which includes multiple antenna elements that integrate radiation and scattering as described in Example 1; the multiple antenna elements are periodically arranged to form the antenna array.

[0035] The antenna array exhibits high-efficiency, high-gain radiation characteristics in the frequency range of 5.6 GHz to 6.3 GHz, and its scattered field achieves stable phase cancellation in the ultra-wideband of 4 GHz to 40 GHz, resulting in a radar cross-section reduction of at least 5 dB. Specifically, the antenna array can form a stable near 180° reflection phase difference in the ultra-wideband of 4 GHz to 40 GHz, causing the scattered waves to undergo destructive interference in the far-field region, achieving a radar cross-section reduction of at least 5 dB.

[0036] The antenna array has a reduction of more than 10 dB in the 7 GHz to 20 GHz and 22 GHz to 40 GHz ranges.

[0037] Furthermore, the antenna array can form a stable 180°±37° reflection phase difference in the ultra-wideband of 4GHz to 40GHz, causing the scattered waves to interfere and cancel each other in the far field region, achieving a radar cross-section reduction of no less than 10dB.

[0038] The antenna array provided in Example 2 adopts a regular periodic arrangement, with high consistency in electromagnetic excitation of antenna elements, uniform distribution of high and low staggered layer structure across the entire array surface, controllable superposition of electromagnetic wave radiation from each radiating element, uniform and orderly spatial radiation field distribution, clear main lobe of radiation pattern, and stable gain.

[0039] The performance of the antenna array is then verified through simulation.

[0040] Figure 5 The figure shown is a simulation result of the scattering parameters (i.e., S-parameters) of the antenna array. Figure 6 The image shows the scattering effect of the antenna array in various frequency bands. Figure 6 (a) to Figure 6 The bands corresponding to (f) are 6.5GHz, 8GHz, 14GHz, 19GHz, 30GHz, and 37GHz, respectively. The right-hand figure for each band is a scattering effect diagram of the radiating patch, and the left-hand figure is a scattering effect diagram of the antenna array. Figure 7 The figure shows the simulated performance of the antenna array in terms of radar cross-section reduction. Figure 7 (a) in the figure is a simulation diagram of the RCS reduction of electromagnetic waves with different oblique incident angles under horizontal polarization; Figure 7 (b) in the figure is a simulation diagram of the RCS reduction of electromagnetic waves with different polarizations under vertical incidence conditions. Figure 8 The figure shows the simulation results of the radiation direction of the antenna array. As can be seen from the simulation results, the antenna array constructed based on the antenna element provided by this invention can achieve beam control over a wide frequency band from 4GHz to 40GHz; through phase shift control, independent beam control can be achieved in different frequency bands while maintaining stable low scattering characteristics; under oblique incidence and multi-polarization conditions, the RCS reduction effect is stable, demonstrating good engineering adaptability. In terms of radiation performance, the antenna exhibits high common-polarization gain and concentrated energy in the main lobe direction, with excellent cross-polarization suppression, effectively ensuring the anti-interference capability and signal quality of the communication link; the array possesses good beamwidth and scanning capability, and can be extended to area arrays and conformal platform applications.

[0041] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Compared with the existing scheme of separate loading of "antenna + metasurface", the present invention adopts a 2.5D metasurface high-low staggered layer structure (i.e. 2.5D multi-layer three-dimensional structure), so that the same structure can simultaneously undertake the functions of high-efficiency radiation and RCS reduction, realizing triple reuse of structure, aperture and function, and significantly improving utilization. The present invention realizes integrated use of radiation and scattering, which can greatly improve the aperture utilization rate and achieve common aperture, low profile and high integration.

[0042] (2) This invention relies on the 2.5D metasurface high-low staggered layer structure, breaking through the limitations of traditional two-dimensional planes which can only be arranged in a planar manner (i.e. Figure 1The invention overcomes the limitations of a single-plane control (xoy plane) by extending the electromagnetic control dimension from the plane to the vertical space, significantly improving the degree of freedom of electromagnetic control. Specifically, planar structures can only adjust the electromagnetic response by relying on the position and size of the unit plane, resulting in a limited number of adjustable parameters and restricted means of controlling phase, polarization, and field distribution. The 2.5D multilayer structure used in this invention can simultaneously utilize planar arrangement, vertical interlayer spacing (i.e., the height difference h along the z-axis), and the height difference between high and low layers to achieve multi-variable coordinated control of decoupled antenna elements. This allows for flexible correction of the electromagnetic wave reflection phase and propagation trajectory at different frequency bands and incident angles. Facing a wide operating frequency band (e.g., 4GHz to 40GHz), the multilayer structure can adapt to high and low frequency electromagnetic resonance characteristics in layers, compensating for the frequency band adaptation shortcomings of a single planar structure. When electromagnetic waves are incident obliquely at different angles, the vertical layered space can disperse the incident electromagnetic energy, weakening the phase disturbance and scattering distortion caused by changes in the incident angle, and maintaining a stable phase difference between units. Compared to the planar checkerboard scheme, this invention, through a 2.5D metasurface high-low staggered layer structure combined with dual-dimensional phase modulation, achieves a fundamental difference in four aspects: integrated integration, ultra-wideband RCS reduction, angle / polarization stability, and radiation scattering synergistic optimization. The high-low staggered layer low profile structure provided by this invention also has the advantages of being compact, thin, easy to conformal and easy to integrate.

[0043] (3) Compared with existing solutions that can only achieve narrow-band RCS reduction, are sensitive to incident angle and polarization, and have limited applicable frequency bands, this invention, based on an ultra-wideband low-scattering mechanism of phase cancellation, significantly improves the stealth bandwidth and can achieve stable RCS reduction in the ultra-wideband range of 4GHz to 40GHz, breaking through the bandwidth limitation of single phase modulation. This invention utilizes the multi-dimensional electromagnetic modulation capability of a 2.5D multilayer structure to improve the low-scattering performance under oblique incidence and multi-polarization conditions, and enhances the stealth stability under multiple angles and multiple polarizations.

[0044] (4) Compared to existing solutions that struggle to balance scattering and radiation performance, this invention, through a synergistic design of slot-coupled feeding and metasurface radiation, achieves ultra-wideband low scattering while maintaining high gain, high aperture efficiency, and a stable radiation pattern. It optimizes the synergy between radiation and low scattering performance without sacrificing radiation efficiency. This invention balances ultra-wideband radiation with high-efficiency low scattering, achieving ultra-wideband, high-stability, and low-loss stealth effects while ensuring wide antenna radiation and high aperture efficiency, thus meeting the requirements of next-generation stealth platforms.

[0045] (5) Compared with existing antenna unit schemes with complex structures, the present invention has a regular structure, is easy to expand and engineer, adopts a standard periodic array layout, can be directly expanded into area array and scanning array, maintains stable radiation and low scattering characteristics in a wide frequency range, and has strong versatility and scalability.

[0046] This invention replaces the traditional planar metasurface with a 2.5D metasurface high-low layered structure and introduces a spatial phase modulation mechanism to connect the originally discrete high-order usable frequency bands into a continuous frequency band, significantly breaking through bandwidth limitations and ultimately achieving an ultra-high bandwidth ratio RCS reduction of nearly 10:1 (4GHz to 40GHz). Simultaneously, the 2.5D metasurface high-low layered structure also possesses radiation functionality, effectively improving antenna element isolation, suppressing spurious modes, and reducing radiation pattern sidelobes, while simultaneously optimizing antenna radiation performance and wideband low-scattering characteristics, achieving integrated radiation and wideband scattering modulation. This invention has significant advantages over existing technologies in terms of integrated radiation and scattering, ultra-wideband RCS reduction, low-profile structure, and array integration. It maintains reliable scattering cancellation effects across the entire operating frequency band and a wide range of incident angles, significantly improving low-scattering performance stability. The structure also possesses good engineering versatility and array expansion potential.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna element integrating radiation and scattering, characterized in that, include: First antenna subarray and second antenna subarray; The two first antenna subarrays and the two second antenna subarrays form a chessboard-like array; The first antenna subarray and the second antenna subarray have a height difference, forming a staggered structure.

2. The integrated radiation and scattering antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two second antenna subarrays are mounted on the same antenna structure; the antenna structure is divided into four regions of 2 rows × 2 columns, and the two second antenna subarrays are located in the first and fourth regions on one diagonal of the antenna structure, respectively. The second and third regions on the other diagonal of the antenna structure are hollow structures; the two first antenna subarrays are respectively arranged above the two hollow structures.

3. The integrated radiation and scattering antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first antenna subarray and the second antenna subarray have the same stacked structure, each including a first radiating layer, a second radiating layer and a slot-coupled feed assembly arranged sequentially from top to bottom; the first radiating layer includes a first dielectric substrate and a first radiator disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate; the second radiating layer includes a second dielectric substrate and a second radiator disposed on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate; the slot-coupled feed assembly includes a ground layer, a third dielectric substrate and a feed layer, the ground layer has multiple slots, and the third dielectric substrate is located between the ground layer and the feed layer.

4. The integrated radiation and scattering antenna element according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first radiator is formed by arranging at least two different sizes of radiating patches; the second radiator is formed by arranging at least two different sizes of radiating patches, and the size of the radiating patches in the second radiator is different from the size of the radiating patches in the first radiator.

5. The integrated radiation and scattering antenna element according to claim 4, characterized in that, Radiation patches of different specifications have different sizes but the same shape.

6. The integrated radiation and scattering antenna element according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first radiator includes a first radiating patch and a second radiating patch; multiple first radiating patches are arranged to form four cross shapes, and second radiating patches are arranged around the periphery of the cross shapes; there are gaps between two adjacent first radiating patches, between two adjacent second radiating patches, and between adjacent first radiating patches and second radiating patches; The second radiator includes a third radiating patch and a fourth radiating patch; the third radiating patch is arranged in a position corresponding to the first radiating patch, and the fourth radiating patch is arranged in a position corresponding to the second radiating patch.

7. The integrated radiation and scattering antenna element according to claim 3, characterized in that, The feeder structure deployed in the feeder layer adopts a stepped feeder.

8. The integrated radiation and scattering antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height difference between the first antenna subarray and the second antenna subarray ranges from 7mm to 11mm.

9. An antenna array, characterized in that, The antenna array includes a plurality of antenna elements that integrate radiation and scattering as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; the plurality of antenna elements are periodically arranged to form the antenna array.

10. The antenna array according to claim 9, characterized in that, The scattered field of the antenna array achieves stable phase cancellation in the ultra-wide frequency band from 4 GHz to 40 GHz, resulting in a radar cross-section reduction of no less than 5 dB.

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