Hybrid coding and modulation methods, apparatus, systems, and storage media

Abstract

This application provides a hybrid coding and modulation method, apparatus, system, and storage medium, relating to the field of wireless communication technology. Low-rate coded control information is embedded into high-rate coded information bits, enabling control information and service data to share coding and transmission resources, avoiding the waste of resources by having control information occupy time slots independently. The control information is first pre-mapped using BPSK, and then differentiated and mapped to the maximum amplitude position of a higher-order constellation diagram according to the target modulation scheme of the service data, thus retaining the core features of low-order modulation and adapting to various high-order modulation scenarios. The receiver uses fixed low-order demodulation logic for the control information, and simultaneously performs unified channel estimation and equalization on the entire frame of data, ensuring that control information and service data receive equal channel compensation. This application effectively reduces the implementation complexity of the receiver and significantly improves transmission reliability and system spectrum utilization under multipath channels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, specifically to a hybrid coding and modulation method, apparatus, system, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] In wireless communication systems, reliable transmission of physical layer control information is a prerequisite for ensuring the normal transmission and reception of service data. The receiving end must first correctly demodulate the control information before it can perform corresponding demodulation and decoding processing on the service data according to the parameters indicated therein. Therefore, the reliability of control information transmission is directly related to the establishment and maintenance of the entire communication link.

[0003] In related technologies, control information and service data are transmitted separately. Control information is independently encoded and transmitted in a dedicated control channel or control time slot, while service data is transmitted in a service channel or service time slot using an independent coding and modulation scheme. To improve the reliability of control information transmission, related technologies employ a low-code-rate channel coding scheme combined with low-order modulation to enhance the anti-interference capability of control information under adverse channel conditions. For service data, related technologies employ a high-code-rate channel coding scheme combined with high-order modulation to improve spectrum utilization and data transmission rate.

[0004] In the process of implementing the embodiments of this application, at least the following problems were found in the related technology: First, the independent transmission of control information requires dedicated time slot resources. When the amount of control information data is small, occupying a single time slot results in a significant waste of time slot resources and reduces overall transmission efficiency. Second, the control information time slot is separated from the service data time slot. The receiver needs to perform channel estimation and equalization processing on the control information time slot and the service data time slot separately. Since the control information time slot is usually short, the channel characteristics extracted based on short data blocks are not comprehensive enough, resulting in the control information time slot's multipath resistance being weaker than that of the service data time slot. In complex multipath channel environments, the demodulation reliability of control information is difficult to guarantee. Furthermore, in related technologies, control information and service data use their own independent coding and modulation links, requiring the receiver to configure multiple independent demodulation and decoding modules, increasing the complexity of hardware design and resource consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a hybrid coding and modulation method, apparatus, system, and storage medium.

[0006] A first aspect of this application provides a hybrid coding and modulation method applied at a transmitting end, comprising: acquiring control information and service data; performing a first coding on the control information to obtain first coded data, embedding the first coded data into second coded information bits, and pre-mapping the embedded data to a specific position in a constellation diagram of a target modulation scheme to obtain control information modulation symbols; performing a second coding on the service data to obtain second coded data, mapping the second coded data according to the target modulation scheme to obtain service data modulation symbols; placing the control information modulation symbols in a first resource position in the time domain or frequency domain, and placing the service data modulation symbols in a second resource position to form a transmitted signal.

[0007] A second aspect of this application provides a hybrid coding and modulation method applied at a receiving end, comprising: receiving a whole frame of data, the whole frame of data including a control information portion and a service data portion; performing signal processing on the whole frame of data to obtain processed data; extracting data corresponding to the control information portion from the processed data; performing a first demodulation on the data corresponding to the control information portion to obtain first demodulated data; performing a first decoding on the first demodulated data to obtain control information, the control information including the modulation scheme and coding rate of the service data portion; and performing corresponding second demodulation and second decoding on the data corresponding to the service data portion in the processed data according to the modulation scheme and coding rate in the control information.

[0008] A third aspect of the embodiments of this application provides a hybrid coding and modulation apparatus, including a processor and a memory storing program instructions, wherein the processor is configured to execute the hybrid coding and modulation method as described in the first and / or second aspects of the embodiments of this application when running the program instructions.

[0009] A fourth aspect of this application provides a hybrid coding and modulation system, comprising: The hybrid coding and modulation system body includes a transmitter and a receiver; and a hybrid coding and modulation apparatus, as described in the third aspect of the embodiments of this application, is installed on the hybrid coding and modulation system body.

[0010] A fifth aspect of the embodiments of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing program instructions, which, when executed, cause a computer to perform the hybrid coding and modulation method as described in the first and / or second aspects of the embodiments of this application.

[0011] The hybrid coding and modulation method, apparatus, system, and storage medium provided in the embodiments of this application have the following beneficial effects: This application embodiment embeds the control information into the second encoded information bits after the control information is encoded in the first encoding, so that the control information and the service data share the encoding resources and transmission frame structure, avoiding the resource waste caused by the control information occupying time slots separately; by mapping the control information modulation symbols to specific positions in the target modulation scheme constellation diagram, the control information can adapt to high-order modulation scenarios while maintaining low-order modulation characteristics. The receiving end uses fixed low-order demodulation logic to demodulate the control information, without needing to adjust the demodulation logic according to changes in the service data modulation scheme, thus reducing the implementation complexity of the receiving end; by performing unified signal processing on the entire frame of data at the receiving end and making the control information part and the service data part share the channel estimation results and equalization coefficients, the control information part obtains channel compensation of the same quality as the service data part, improving the transmission reliability of the control information in a multipath channel environment. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of this application and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a time frame data provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a transmitter for a hybrid coding and modulation method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a receiver for another hybrid coding and modulation method provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the exemplary embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not an exhaustive list of all embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0014] This application provides a hybrid coding and modulation system, including a transmitter and a receiver. The hybrid coding and modulation system also includes a processor electrically connected to the aforementioned components, used to control the aforementioned components to perform corresponding actions.

[0015] Figure 2 and Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hybrid coding and modulation method provided in the embodiments of this application. Any of the following methods can be executed in the hybrid coding and modulation system, or in a server or terminal device that is communicatively connected to the hybrid coding and modulation system.

[0016] Based on the structure of the hybrid coding and modulation system described above, such as Figure 2 The embodiment shown in this application provides a hybrid coding and modulation method applied at a transmitter, including: S21, Obtain control information and business data.

[0017] S22, the control information is first encoded to obtain first encoded data, the first encoded data is embedded into second encoded information bits, the embedded data is first modulated pre-mapping is performed to obtain pre-mapped symbols, and the pre-mapped symbols are then mapped to a specific position in the constellation diagram of the target modulation mode to obtain control information modulation symbols.

[0018] S23, perform a second encoding on the service data to obtain second encoded data, and map the second encoded data according to the target modulation method to obtain the service data modulation symbol.

[0019] S24, place the control information modulation symbol in the first resource position in the time or frequency domain, and place the service data modulation symbol in the second resource position to form a transmission signal.

[0020] In this embodiment, step S24 includes: placing the control information modulation symbols in a first resource location (e.g., the first time slot in a time frame structure) in the time or frequency domain, and placing at least a portion of the service data modulation symbols together with the control information modulation symbols in the first resource location, while placing the remaining service data modulation symbols in a second resource location to form a transmitted signal. By embedding the control information into second encoded information bits after first encoding, and making the control information share the same time slot (first resource location) with some service data, resource waste caused by the control information occupying a time slot separately is avoided, thereby improving time slot utilization and overall transmission efficiency.

[0021] In this embodiment, the control information and service data are obtained by receiving physical layer control signaling and user plane data packets from the upper-layer protocol stack, or by reading pre-configured encoding and modulation parameters from internal registers. The control information includes physical layer signaling used to indicate service data reception parameters, and the service data is the payload data that needs to be transmitted on the user plane.

[0022] In this embodiment, control information is first encoded to obtain first encoded data. The first encoding uses a low-rate turbine code, enabling reliable transmission of control information even at extremely low signal-to-noise ratios. The first encoded data is embedded into second encoded information bits, allowing the first time slot to carry both control information and some service data, avoiding resource waste in pure control signal time slots. The embedded data undergoes a first modulation pre-mapping to obtain pre-mapped symbols. This pre-mapping is a binary phase-shift keying pre-mapping, mapping bits to +1 or -1. The pre-mapped symbols are then mapped to the maximum amplitude position in the constellation diagram of the target modulation scheme, allowing the control information symbols to obtain the highest transmission energy, further enhancing their noise immunity.

[0023] By employing the hybrid coding and modulation method provided in this application, the control information achieves extremely high transmission reliability after low code rate coding and high energy mapping, while the service data achieves high spectrum utilization through high code rate coding and high-order modulation. At the same time, the control information is embedded with the second coding information bit so that the first time slot carries effective service data, avoiding the waste of resources in the pure control signal time slot.

[0024] Optionally, the control information includes coding rate parameters and modulation scheme parameters.

[0025] In this embodiment, the control information is represented using a fixed-length bit field. For example, three bits are used to represent the encoding rate: 000 represents half the code rate, 001 represents two-thirds the code rate, 010 represents three-quarters the code rate, and 011 represents five-sixths the code rate. The other three bits represent the modulation scheme: 000 represents binary phase-shift keying (PSK), 001 represents quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), 010 represents hexadecimal quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and 011 represents hexadecimal quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).

[0026] In this embodiment, the coding rate parameter indicates the specific code rate of the low-density parity-check code used in the service data, and the modulation scheme parameter indicates the specific type of the target modulation scheme used in the service data. After parsing these parameters, the receiving end can accurately configure the demapper and decoder, thereby correctly recovering the service data.

[0027] In this way, the control information contains the key parameters required for demodulation and decoding at the receiving end, which allows the modulation and coding scheme of the service data to be flexibly configured, and the system to be dynamically adjusted according to the channel quality.

[0028] Optionally, the first encoding is turbine code encoding.

[0029] In this embodiment, the turbocode encoder consists of a first component encoder, a second component encoder, and an interleaver. The input information bit sequence is directly fed into the first component encoder for recursive systematic convolutional encoding, and simultaneously, the information bit sequence is rearranged by the interleaver before being fed into the second component encoder for encoding.

[0030] In this embodiment, the parity bits output by the two component encoders, together with the original information bits, constitute the encoded output. The interleaver reduces the correlation between the input sequences of the two component encoders, thereby achieving significant interleaving gain during iterative decoding.

[0031] In this way, turbine codes can achieve extremely high coding gain under low code rate conditions and can still achieve transmission close to the channel capacity in environments with very low signal-to-noise ratios, making them particularly suitable for control information with extremely high reliability requirements.

[0032] Optionally, the first encoding has a code rate of one-quarter or one-eighth of the code rate.

[0033] In this embodiment, a quarter-bit code rate means that each information bit generates 4 encoded bits, including 1 system bit and 3 parity bits, with a coding efficiency of 0.25. An eighth-bit code rate means that each information bit generates 8 encoded bits, including 1 system bit and 7 parity bits, with a coding efficiency of 0.125.

[0034] In this embodiment, for critical control signaling in ad hoc network communication, such as frequency switching commands or power control commands, a 1 / 8 code rate turbo code is used to ensure correct reception under any possible worst-case channel conditions. For general control information, such as periodic channel quality indications, a 1 / 4 code rate is sufficient.

[0035] In this way, the code rate can be flexibly selected according to the importance of the control information and the channel environment, achieving a balance between reliability and resource consumption.

[0036] Optionally, the second encoding is a low-density parity check code encoding.

[0037] In the embodiments of this application, the low-density parity-check code is a linear block code whose parity-check matrix is ​​sparse, meaning that the number of 1s in the matrix is ​​much less than the number of 0s. The encoding typically employs an approximate lower triangular matrix structure and is implemented using Gaussian elimination or iterative coding algorithms.

[0038] In this embodiment, the low-density parity-check code uses a belief propagation algorithm for decoding, performing message passing on a factor graph, which is highly parallel. For fifth-generation mobile communication systems, the low-density parity-check code supports a decoding rate of tens of gigabits per second.

[0039] Thus, for the transmission of large amounts of business data, low-density parity-check codes can achieve a very high decoding throughput, meeting the requirements of high-speed communication systems.

[0040] Optionally, the code rate of the second encoding is one of one-half, two-thirds, three-quarters, or five-sixths.

[0041] In the embodiments of this application, a 1 / 2 code rate provides the highest redundancy, with one parity bit accompanying each information bit, suitable for environments with poor channel quality. A 2 / 3 code rate generates approximately one parity bit for every two information bits. A 3 / 4 code rate generates approximately one parity bit for every three information bits. A 5 / 6 code rate generates approximately one parity bit for every five information bits, providing the lowest redundancy, suitable for environments with excellent channel quality.

[0042] In this embodiment of the application, the transmitting end can dynamically select the code rate of the second encoding according to the real-time channel quality indication, and inform the receiving end of the selected code rate parameter through control information.

[0043] In this way, spectral efficiency can be maximized while ensuring reliable transmission of business data, thus achieving adaptive coding and modulation.

[0044] Optionally, the code rate of the first encoding is lower than that of the second encoding.

[0045] In the embodiments of this application, the code rate of the first encoding is typically no more than one-quarter, while the code rate of the second encoding is typically no less than one-half, with a code rate difference of at least 100%. Control information requires higher reliability, therefore a lower code rate is used to increase redundancy; service data requires higher transmission efficiency, therefore a higher code rate is used to reduce redundancy.

[0046] In this way, the performance advantages of turbine codes at low code rates and the throughput advantages of low-density parity-check codes at high code rates are fully utilized, achieving the best trade-off between reliability and efficiency.

[0047] Optionally, embedding the first encoded data into the second encoded information bits includes: using the first encoded data as part of the second encoded information bits, together with other information bits of the second encoding, to form the input data block of the second encoding.

[0048] In this embodiment, the total length of the second encoded information bits is K bits, where the first K1 bits are used to carry the turbine code encoded frame, and the remaining K-K1 bits are used to carry other service data. If the length of the turbine code encoded frame is less than the reserved length of K1, zeros are added to the end; if it is greater than the reserved length, the turbine code encoded frame is segmented or multiple frames share the reserved position.

[0049] In another embodiment of this application, the turbine code encoded frame is inserted into multiple positions of the second encoded information bits in a distributed manner. For example, one turbine code encoded bit is inserted every M bits. This interleaved embedding method can further disperse burst errors and improve anti-interference capability.

[0050] In this way, by embedding control information into the encoded information bits of the business data, the first time slot is no longer a pure control signal time slot, but simultaneously transmits valid business data, thus greatly improving the utilization rate of time slot resources.

[0051] Optionally, the first modulation premap is a binary phase shift keying premap.

[0052] In this embodiment, binary phase-shift keying premapping maps each bit to a real value of +1 or -1. The premapping uses a non-return-to-zero (NRZ) code format, where bit 0 corresponds to a +1 voltage and bit 1 corresponds to a -1 voltage. The result of the premapping is a real symbol with an amplitude of 1.

[0053] In this application embodiment, another equivalent alternative is to map the bits to +j and -j, i.e., pure imaginary signs, which is similar to the real axis mapping, with only a 90-degree rotation difference, and the receiving end can recover it by rotating accordingly.

[0054] In this way, the data stream of control information is converted into a symbol sequence with clear polarity characteristics, laying the foundation for subsequent mapping to the maximum amplitude position of higher-order constellation diagrams.

[0055] Optionally, the specific position is the position with the largest amplitude in the constellation diagram of the target modulation mode.

[0056] In the embodiments of this application, the positions with the largest amplitude have the highest transmission energy, and under the same transmission power constraint, the symbols at these positions have the highest received signal-to-noise ratio. For example, in hexadecimal quadrature amplitude modulation, the position with the largest amplitude on the real axis is ±3A. Mapping the pre-mapped symbols to the ±3A position allows the control information symbols to obtain a higher transmission power than the service data symbols.

[0057] In this embodiment, this unequal power allocation provides further enhanced protection for control information without requiring an additional increase in the total transmit power. The average power of the service data symbols can be reduced accordingly to maintain a constant average transmit power throughout the frame.

[0058] In this way, enhanced protection of control information is achieved without increasing the total transmission power, and the demodulation reliability of control information is improved.

[0059] Optionally, the pre-mapped symbols are then remapped to the position of maximum amplitude in the constellation diagram of the target modulation scheme, including: when the target modulation scheme is binary phase shift keying (BPSK), the pre-mapped symbols are directly used as control information modulation symbols. When the target modulation scheme is quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), the pre-mapped symbols are mapped to the maximum amplitude positive and negative positions on the real axis or the maximum amplitude positive and negative positions on the imaginary axis of the QPSK constellation diagram to obtain control information modulation symbols. When the target modulation scheme is hexadecimal quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), the pre-mapped symbols are mapped to the maximum amplitude positive and negative positions on the real axis of the hexadecimal QAM constellation diagram to obtain control information modulation symbols. When the target modulation scheme is base-64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), the pre-mapped symbols are mapped to the maximum amplitude positive and negative positions on the real axis of the base-64 quadrature amplitude modulation constellation diagram to obtain control information modulation symbols.

[0060] In this embodiment, for binary phase shift keying (PSK), the constellation diagram itself has only two points, +1 and -1, so the pre-mapped symbols are directly used as control information modulation symbols. For quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), the two points on the real axis correspond to the maximum real amplitude, and the two points on the imaginary axis correspond to the maximum imaginary amplitude. The system can agree to always use real axis mapping, and the receiving end only needs to extract the real part.

[0061] In this embodiment, for hexadecimal quadrature amplitude modulation, the pre-mapped symbol +1 is mapped to +3A, -1 is mapped to -3A, and the imaginary part is zero. For hexadecimal quadrature amplitude modulation, +1 is mapped to +7A, -1 is mapped to -7A, and the imaginary part is zero. In another implementation, the pre-mapped symbol can also be mapped to the maximum amplitude position on the imaginary axis.

[0062] In this way, the control information symbols always occupy the highest energy position in the target modulation constellation diagram, and have the highest decision reliability even under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. At the same time, the receiver can recover bits through simple polarity decision without the need for complex demodulation logic.

[0063] Optionally, the maximum amplitude positive position and maximum amplitude negative position on the real axis of the hexadecimal quadrature amplitude modulation constellation diagram correspond to the positions in the constellation diagram with an amplitude of ±3 times the basic amplitude.

[0064] In this embodiment, the base amplitude A is understood as half the minimum distance between adjacent constellation points. In the normalized hexadecimal quadrature amplitude modulation constellation diagram, the coordinates are ±1 and ±3, the average power is 10, and the normalization factor is 1 / √10. Mapping the pre-mapped symbol to the ±3A position means mapping it to the coordinates (±3A, 0).

[0065] In the embodiments of this application, if a non-normalized constellation diagram is used, the basic amplitude A is determined by the linear range of the transmitter's power amplifier and the full-scale voltage of the digital-to-analog converter.

[0066] This clarifies the definition of the basic amplitude, facilitating precise amplitude control and power calculation in engineering implementation.

[0067] Optionally, mapping the second coded data according to the target modulation scheme includes: mapping the second coded data according to the constellation diagram of the target modulation scheme to obtain the service data modulation symbols.

[0068] In the embodiments of this application, for quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), every 2 bits are mapped to one symbol, with mapping rules such as 00 mapping to (1 / √2, 1 / √2), 01 mapping to (1 / √2, -1 / √2), etc. For hexadecimal quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), every 4 bits are mapped to one symbol, and the mapping rules follow Gray coding so that adjacent constellation points differ by only one bit.

[0069] In this embodiment, the power of the service data modulation symbol can be scaled independently of the control information modulation symbol. To maintain a constant average power across the entire frame, a scaling factor less than 1 can be multiplied by the service data symbol, and the saved power can be allocated to the control information symbol.

[0070] In this way, the business data can be mapped using conventional high-order modulation methods, which is simple to implement, and the reliability of control information is further enhanced by power allocation.

[0071] Optionally, the first resource location is the first slot in a time frame structure.

[0072] In this embodiment, a time slot is the basic time unit in a time-division multiplexing system, and each time slot has a fixed symbol length and guard interval. By placing the control information modulation symbol in the first time slot, the receiver can immediately start processing the control information from the beginning position after receiving the entire frame of data, without waiting for subsequent time slots.

[0073] In the embodiments of this application, the time frame structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, there are n time slots, S1, S2, ..., Sn, where S1 is the first time slot. The length of the first time slot can be the same as the other time slots, or it can be set to a different length according to the amount of control information data.

[0074] In this way, the receiving end can quickly parse the control parameters and promptly configure the demodulation and decoding module to process the subsequent service data time slots, reducing processing latency.

[0075] Optionally, the second resource location is at least one time slot after the first time slot.

[0076] In the embodiments of this application, service data typically occupies one or more time slots, the specific number being determined by the size of the service data and the capacity of each time slot. The total number of time slots n can be negotiated and determined during communication establishment, or it can be dynamically indicated by control information.

[0077] In the embodiments of this application, Figure 1 Service data frame block 1 and the turbo code encoded frame are both located in time slot S1. Service data frame blocks 2 to n are mapped to time slots S2 to Sn, respectively, for a total of n time slots. These time slots are arranged consecutively in time and together constitute a complete time frame.

[0078] In this way, the time frame structure is flexible and can adapt to the transmission requirements of different service data lengths, while also providing the receiving end with a predictable number of time slots.

[0079] Optionally, placing the control information modulation symbol in the first resource location and the service data modulation symbol in the second resource location to form a transmit signal includes: framing the control information modulation symbol and the service data modulation symbol and then transmitting them.

[0080] In the embodiments of this application, the framing operation encapsulates the modulation symbols of each time slot together according to a predetermined frame structure, and adds necessary frame headers, frame trailers, synchronization sequences or pilot symbols. Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the communication process at the transmitter, where the encoding and framing module combines control information frames encoded with turbine codes and pre-mapped by binary phase shift keying and differential mapping, as well as service data frames encoded with low-density parity check codes and modulated and mapped, into a complete transmission frame.

[0081] In this embodiment, the framed data undergoes parallel-to-serial conversion and pulse shaping filtering to become the baseband transmit signal. The pulse shaping filter typically employs a root-raised cosine filter, with the roll-off factor determined based on the system bandwidth and symbol rate.

[0082] This forms a complete physical layer frame structure, which facilitates signal detection, synchronization, and channel estimation at the receiver.

[0083] Optionally, the control information modulation symbols and service data modulation symbols are framed and then transmitted, including: arranging the control information modulation symbols and service data modulation symbols in time slot order to form time frame data, and converting the time frame data into a transmission signal.

[0084] In this embodiment, the conversion process includes: converting the parallel modulation symbol sequence into a serial data stream, performing pulse shaping filtering, up-converting to an RF carrier, and then transmitting via an antenna. A guard time can be inserted between each time slot of the time frame data to prevent crosstalk between adjacent time slots.

[0085] In this embodiment, the length of the protection time is set according to the maximum system delay spread, typically several symbol periods. No signals are transmitted or cyclic prefixes are transmitted during the protection time.

[0086] This ensures that the signal meets the physical layer requirements for air interface transmission, has good spectral characteristics and low adjacent channel interference, and resists multipath delay spread.

[0087] Optionally, converting time frame data into a transmit signal includes: converting the time frame data from parallel to serial, encapsulating it according to an air interface frame structure, and then transmitting it through an RF module.

[0088] In this embodiment, the air interface frame structure includes a preamble sequence, a frame header, a data payload, and a check sequence. The preamble sequence is used for signal detection, automatic gain control, and symbol synchronization at the receiver. The frame header may contain information such as a frame type identifier and frame length. The data payload is the time frame data in this application.

[0089] In this embodiment, the encapsulated frame is radiated by the antenna after digital-to-analog conversion, up-conversion, and power amplification. The RF module supports multi-band switching and transmit power control to adapt to different communication environments and link budgets.

[0090] This forms a complete signal transmission link, ensuring that the signal can be reliably transmitted through the wireless channel and meets the requirements of the air interface protocol.

[0091] Optionally, the second encoded information bit and the check bit of each time slot in the time frame structure are independent of each other.

[0092] In this embodiment, the encoded information bits and check bits of the low-density parity-check code within each time slot are independent and do not require cross-time slot dependency. The check bits of the low-density parity-check code for each time slot are calculated independently based on the information bits of their respective time slots.

[0093] In this embodiment, the information bits of the first time slot include a turbine code encoded frame. The low-density parity check bit of this time slot is calculated only based on the information bits of this time slot and does not depend on subsequent time slots. Subsequent service data time slots independently calculate their own parity bits.

[0094] In this way, after parsing the control information, the receiving end can independently perform low-density parity check decoding on each service data time slot, which reduces the complexity of the decoding implementation and facilitates parallel processing of service data in multiple time slots.

[0095] Optionally, before performing the first encoding of the control information, the method further includes: performing a third encoding of the control information, and using the data after the third encoding as the input of the first encoding.

[0096] In this embodiment, the third code is used as the outer code, and the first code is used as the inner code, forming a concatenated code structure. Concatenated codes can further improve coding performance, especially when the inner code cannot correct all errors, the outer code can correct residual errors.

[0097] In another embodiment of this application, the third encoding adopts a cyclic redundancy check code. Although it cannot correct errors, it can be used to detect errors and trigger automatic retransmission requests, which can also improve the reliability of control information transmission.

[0098] In this way, under extremely harsh channel conditions, additional coding gain can be obtained through concatenated coding, further reducing the bit error rate of control information.

[0099] Optionally, the third code is a Reed-Solomon code, which is used as an internal code, concatenated with the first code, and then concatenated with the second code.

[0100] In this embodiment, the control information is first processed by Reed-Solomon coding to generate a codeword containing a redundancy check symbol. This codeword is then used as input for low-rate turbine coding. Finally, the turbine-coded data is embedded into the information bits of a low-density parity check code. Reed-Solomon coding is a non-binary BCH code, particularly suitable for correcting burst errors.

[0101] In the embodiments of this application, the parameters of the Reed Solomon code can be selected, for example, RS(255,239), that is, each codeword contains 239 information symbols and 16 check symbols, which can correct up to 8 symbol errors.

[0102] In this way, triple concatenated coding provides extremely high protection for control information, making it suitable for communication in environments with extremely low signal-to-noise ratios or strong interference, such as deep space communication or military data links.

[0103] Figure 1 This paper illustrates a time frame data structure of the hybrid coding and modulation method provided in this application. Figure 1 In the process, control information is encoded using turbine code (TURBO in the diagram) to form a turbine code encoded frame (TURBO encoded frame in the diagram). This turbine code encoded frame is embedded into the low-density parity check (LDPC) encoding information bits of the first time slot (LDPC encoding information bits in the diagram), and together with service data frame block 1 (service data frame block 1 in the diagram), constitutes the input for the first low-density parity check encoding. The low-density parity check encoding information bits of the second to nth time slots respectively carry service data frame blocks 2 to n. Each low-density parity check encoding information bit corresponds to its own low-density parity check encoding parity bit (LDPC encoding parity bit in the diagram). Figure 1The S1 time slot carries the turbine code encoded frame and the service data frame block 1 and its corresponding parity bit. The S2 to Sn time slots carry the service data frame blocks 2 to n and their corresponding parity bits, respectively. The low-density parity check code encoded information bits and parity bits of each time slot are independent of each other.

[0104] Based on the structure of the hybrid coding and modulation system described above, such as Figure 3 As shown, this application provides a hybrid coding and modulation method applied at a receiving end, including: S31: Receive the entire frame of data, which includes control information and service data. S32: Perform signal processing on the entire frame of data to obtain processed data. Extract the data corresponding to the control information from the processed data.

[0105] S33, Perform first demodulation on the data corresponding to the control information section to obtain first demodulated data. S34, Perform first decoding on the first demodulated data to obtain control information, which includes the modulation scheme and coding rate of the service data section.

[0106] S35, based on the modulation scheme and coding rate in the control information, performs corresponding second demodulation and second decoding on the data corresponding to the service data portion of the processed data.

[0107] In this embodiment, the receiving end receives the air interface signal through the radio frequency front end, and obtains the baseband sampling data after down-conversion and analog-to-digital conversion. The entire frame of data corresponds to the time frame structure formed by the transmitting end, wherein the control information part is the data corresponding to the first time slot in the entire frame of data, and the service data part is the data corresponding to the time slots after the first time slot.

[0108] In the embodiments of this application, signal processing performed on the entire frame of data includes symbol synchronization, channel estimation, and channel equalization. These processes are performed uniformly on the entire frame of data, and the control information part and the service data part share the channel estimation results and equalization coefficients.

[0109] By employing the hybrid coding and modulation method provided in this application, the receiver uniformly performs symbol synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization on the entire frame of data. The control information part and the service data part share the channel estimation results and equalization coefficients. The channel characteristics extracted based on longer time frame data are more comprehensive, making the anti-multipath effect of the first control information time slot better than the independent channel processing method that transmits control frames separately. At the same time, the receiver always uses binary phase shift keying demodulation for the first time slot, without needing to change the demodulation logic according to the service data modulation method, thus simplifying the receiver design.

[0110] Optionally, signal processing includes symbol synchronization, channel estimation, and channel equalization.

[0111] In this way, symbol timing and channel characteristics can be accurately extracted from the received signal, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent demodulation and decoding.

[0112] Optionally, symbol synchronization, channel estimation, and channel equalization are performed uniformly on all parts of the entire frame of data, with the control information part and the service data part sharing the same channel estimation result and the same equalization coefficient.

[0113] In this embodiment, after symbol synchronization is completed, the receiver extracts all known pilot symbols from the entire frame of data, performs frequency domain interpolation and time domain interpolation to obtain the channel response at each symbol position, and then performs equalization on the data of the entire time frame. The control information part is located at the beginning of the time frame. Since channel estimation is performed on the entire frame, the equalization of the control information part utilizes the pilot information of subsequent time slots. This phenomenon is called non-causal filtering.

[0114] In the embodiments of this application, the total length of the entire frame of data is typically designed to be within the channel coherence time, so the channel characteristics can be considered to be essentially unchanged. Channel estimation based on the entire frame of data can obtain more pilot symbols and achieve higher estimation accuracy.

[0115] In this way, the control information part benefits from the channel estimation accuracy of the whole frame data, and its equalized signal-to-noise ratio is significantly improved compared with the equalization based on short time slots alone, thus enhancing its anti-multipath performance.

[0116] Optionally, channel estimation is based on extracting the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of the multipath channel from the whole frame data.

[0117] In the embodiments of this application, a multipath channel refers to a transmitted signal reaching the receiver through multiple paths with different delays and attenuations, exhibiting frequency-selective fading in the frequency domain. The purpose of channel estimation is to measure the channel complex gain, i.e., the amplitude-frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic, for each subcarrier or each symbol period.

[0118] In this embodiment, pilot symbols are uniformly inserted into the entire frame of data. The receiver extracts the channel response at these pilot symbols and then obtains the channel response at all data symbol positions through an interpolation algorithm. Since the time span of the entire frame of data is much larger than that of a single control slot, the number of pilot symbols is greater, and the interpolated channel response is closer to the real channel.

[0119] This allows for a more accurate time-delay power spectrum, improving the equalization effect, especially for multipath channels with long time-delay spread.

[0120] Optionally, channel equalization employs frequency domain channel equalization to eliminate signal distortion caused by multipath channels.

[0121] Optionally, the control information portion is the data corresponding to the first time slot in the entire frame, and the service data portion is the data corresponding to the time slots after the first time slot.

[0122] In this embodiment, each time slot has a fixed number of symbols L. After completing symbol synchronization, the receiver takes the first L symbols as the data for the first time slot, and then takes every L symbols as the data for a subsequent time slot. If there is a guard interval between time slots, the receiver needs to skip the guard interval before extracting data.

[0123] In the embodiments of this application, Figure 1 This time slot structure is shown, where S1 is the first time slot carrying control information and part of the service data (i.e., service data frame block 1), and S2 to Sn are the subsequent time slots carrying the remaining service data (i.e., service data frame blocks 2 to service data frame blocks n).

[0124] This strictly corresponds to the resource mapping method at the transmitting end, ensuring that control information and business data can be correctly separated, providing accurate data segmentation for subsequent processing.

[0125] Optionally, the control information portion of the data is extracted from the processed data, including: extracting the data of the first time slot from the processed data as the control information portion based on the known time slot location information.

[0126] In this embodiment, the known time slot location information can be pre-configured static parameters or dynamically negotiated through signaling interaction during the communication establishment phase. The time slot location information includes the time slot start offset, time slot length, and guard interval length.

[0127] In this embodiment, after symbol synchronization, the receiving end can calculate the start and end index of each time slot in the data stream based on these parameters, thereby accurately capturing the data of the first time slot.

[0128] This ensures that the control information is extracted correctly, avoids data misalignment or misjudgment of time slots, and guarantees the correctness of subsequent demodulation and decoding.

[0129] Optionally, the first demodulation is binary phase shift keying demapping.

[0130] In this embodiment, regardless of the high-order modulation used in the service data, the control information section always employs binary phase-shift keying demapping. The specific demapping operation is as follows: for the received complex symbol, take its real part; if the real part is greater than 0, it is determined to be +1 corresponding to bit 0; otherwise, it is determined to be -1 corresponding to bit 1.

[0131] In this embodiment, a soft-decision output log-likelihood ratio (LLR) can also be used, where LLR equals 2 divided by the noise variance and then multiplied by the real part. Inputting soft-decision information into the turbine code decoder can achieve better decoding performance. Because the control information symbols are mapped to the maximum amplitude position, the absolute value of their real parts is large, resulting in a high decision margin.

[0132] In this way, the demodulation logic of the control information is completely independent of the modulation method of the service data, which simplifies the demodulation circuit of the receiver, while the soft decision output ensures the decoding performance.

[0133] Optionally, binary phase shift keying demapping is performed on the data corresponding to the control information section, including: demapping the symbol at the position with the largest amplitude in the constellation diagram in the control information section to 1 or -1 of binary phase shift keying.

[0134] In this embodiment, the receiving end can simultaneously extract the symbols of the real and imaginary parts, and then make a comprehensive judgment: if the absolute value of the real part is significantly greater than the absolute value of the imaginary part, the judgment is mainly based on the real part; otherwise, the judgment is based on the imaginary part. If the absolute values ​​of the real and imaginary parts are similar and both are large, it indicates that the transmitting end may have mapped the pre-mapped symbols to the four corner points. In this case, the judgment can be made jointly based on the symbols of the real and imaginary parts.

[0135] In this embodiment, the adaptive extraction method can adapt to the real axis mapping, imaginary axis mapping or corner point mapping that the transmitter may choose, further improving robustness.

[0136] In this way, even if the specific mapping method at the transmitting end changes during communication, the receiving end can still correctly demodulate the control information.

[0137] Optionally, the first decoding is turbine decoding, with a code rate of one-quarter or one-eighth of the code rate.

[0138] In this embodiment, the turbine code decoding employs an iterative decoding structure, consisting of two soft-input, soft-output component decoders cascaded through an interleaver and a deinterleaver. Each component decoder uses either the maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm or the logarithmic domain MAP algorithm.

[0139] In this embodiment, the two decoders exchange external information during the iteration process, and after multiple iterations, the decoding performance approaches maximum likelihood decoding. The receiving end configures the parameters of the turbine code decoder according to the length and code rate of the control information, setting the maximum number of iterations to 8 to 12, thus achieving a balance between decoding performance and computational complexity.

[0140] This allows for reliable recovery of control information, achieving an extremely low bit error rate even under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions.

[0141] Optionally, the second demodulation corresponds to the modulation scheme of the service data section, and the second decoding is low-density parity check code decoding.

[0142] In this embodiment, after parsing the modulation scheme parameters in the control information, the receiving end dynamically configures the operating mode of the demapper. If the modulation scheme parameter indicates hexadecimal quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), the demapper uses a 16QAM soft demapping algorithm to calculate the log-likelihood ratio of each bit. If the parameter indicates quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), QPSK demapping is used.

[0143] In this embodiment, the low-density parity-check code decoder configures the decoding matrix and decoding algorithm according to the parsed coding rate parameters, and performs multiple iterative updates using the minimum sum algorithm or its improved algorithm until the parity-check equation is satisfied or the maximum number of iterations is reached.

[0144] In this way, the demodulation and decoding methods of business data can be flexibly adapted according to the control information, and adaptive processing of different modulation and coding formats can be achieved.

[0145] Optionally, the code rate of the low-density parity-check code decoding is one of one-half, two-thirds, three-quarters, or five-sixths.

[0146] In this embodiment, the receiving end stores multiple parity check matrices with different code rates and selects the corresponding matrix for decoding based on the parsed code rate parameters. For quasi-cyclic low-density parity check codes, parity check matrices with different code rates can be obtained by expanding the base matrix.

[0147] In another embodiment of this application, the receiving end stores a high-rate parity check matrix and recovers the low-rate codewords by de-punching, thereby reducing storage overhead.

[0148] This allows for multiple code rate configurations to adapt to different channel conditions and service requirements, while also balancing storage efficiency and decoding performance.

[0149] The receiver always uses binary phase shift keying to demap the data in the first time slot, and the demodulation logic does not change with the target modulation method of the service data.

[0150] In this embodiment, the receiver contains a dedicated binary phase-shift keying demodulator whose output is directly connected to a turbo code decoder. This path is independent of the demodulation and decoding path for the service data, and the two can operate in parallel. Control information is first decoded and then used to configure the demodulation and decoding of the service data.

[0151] In this embodiment, the binary phase-shift keying demodulator does not need to know the modulation scheme of the service data, or even whether service data exists, throughout the entire process. This design allows the control channel processing hardware to be completely fixed.

[0152] In this way, the control channel demodulation circuit of the receiver is fixed and does not need to be reconfigured according to different service scenarios, which greatly simplifies the design of the receiver and reduces hardware resource consumption and power consumption.

[0153] Optionally, the parsed modulation parameters are used to determine the demapping method of the service data section, and the parsed coding rate parameters are used to determine the low-density parity-check code decoding rate of the service data section.

[0154] In this embodiment, the receiving end transmits the modulation scheme parameter to the demapping module, which then selects the corresponding constellation diagram for soft bit calculation based on the parameter. For example, when the modulation scheme parameter is 16QAM, the demapping module uses a 16QAM soft demapping algorithm and outputs a 4-bit log-likelihood ratio.

[0155] In this embodiment, the receiver passes the encoded code rate parameter to the low-density parity-check code decoder module. The decoder selects the corresponding parity-check matrix or configures the parameters for decoding iteration based on this parameter. The receiver also uses these parameters to configure the deinterleaver, rate matching module, etc.

[0156] This ensures that the demodulation and decoding of business data are precisely matched with the encoding and modulation at the transmitting end, enabling correct data recovery, and also provides a basis for closed-loop control of adaptive encoding and modulation.

[0157] This application provides a hybrid coding and modulation apparatus, including a processor and a memory storing program instructions. The processor is configured to execute at least any of the above-described hybrid coding and modulation methods when running the program instructions.

[0158] This application provides a hybrid coding and modulation system, including: a hybrid coding and modulation system body, including a transmitter and a receiver; and a hybrid coding and modulation device as described above, which is installed on the hybrid coding and modulation system body.

[0159] This application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing program instructions that, when executed, cause a computer to perform the hybrid encoding and modulation method described in any of the above embodiments of this application.

[0160] The foregoing description and accompanying drawings fully illustrate embodiments of this application to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may include structural, logical, electrical, procedural, and other changes. The embodiments represent only possible variations. Individual components and functions are optional unless explicitly required, and the order of operation may vary. Parts and features of some embodiments may be included in or replace parts and features of other embodiments. Moreover, the terminology used in this application is for describing embodiments only and is not intended to limit the claims. As used in the description of embodiments and claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to equally include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Similarly, the term “and / or” as used in this application means including one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations thereof. Additionally, when used in this application, the term "comprise" and its variations "comprises" and / or "comprising" refer to the presence of stated features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprises a..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, or apparatus that includes said element. In this document, each embodiment may focus on the differences from other embodiments, and similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. For methods, products, etc., of the embodiments claimed, if they correspond to the method section of the embodiments claimed, then the relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method section.

[0161] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments claimed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0162] The methods and products (including but not limited to devices and equipment) disclosed in the embodiments herein can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units may be merely a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to implement this embodiment according to actual needs. In addition, the functional units in the embodiments of this application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0163] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than that shown in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. In the descriptions corresponding to the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings, the operations or steps corresponding to different blocks may also occur in a different order than disclosed in the description; sometimes there is no specific order between different operations or steps. For example, two consecutive operations or steps may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. Each block in a block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in a block diagram and / or flowchart, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

Claims

1. A hybrid coding and modulation method, characterized in that, Applications to the transmitting end include: Acquire control information and business data; The control information is first encoded to obtain first encoded data. The first encoded data is then embedded into second encoded information bits. The embedded data is pre-mapped to a specific position in the constellation diagram of the target modulation mode to obtain the control information modulation symbol. The business data is second-encoded to obtain second-encoded data, and the second-encoded data is mapped according to the target modulation method to obtain the business data modulation symbol; The control information modulation symbol is placed in the first resource position in the time or frequency domain, and the service data modulation symbol is placed in the second resource position to form the transmitted signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control information includes coding rate parameters and modulation parameters.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Embedding the first encoded data into the second encoded information bits includes: using the first encoded data as part of the second encoded information bits, together with other information bits of the second encoding, to form the input data block of the second encoding.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bitrate of the first encoding is lower than that of the second encoding.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific location is the position with the largest amplitude in the constellation diagram of the target modulation mode.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Placing control information modulation symbols in the first resource position and service data modulation symbols in the second resource position to form a transmit signal includes: framing the control information modulation symbols and service data modulation symbols and then transmitting them.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Applied to the receiving end, including: Receive complete frames of data, which include control information and service data. Perform signal processing on the entire frame of data to obtain the processed data; Extract the data corresponding to the control information section from the processed data; The first demodulation is performed on the data corresponding to the control information section to obtain the first demodulated data; The first demodulated data is decoded to obtain control information, which includes the modulation scheme and coding rate of the service data portion. Based on the modulation scheme and coding rate in the control information, the corresponding second demodulation and second decoding are performed on the data corresponding to the business data portion of the processed data.

8. A hybrid encoding and modulation apparatus, comprising a processor and a memory storing program instructions, characterized in that, The processor is configured to execute the hybrid coding and modulation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 when running the program instructions.

9. A hybrid coding and modulation system, characterized in that, include: The hybrid coding and modulation system body includes a transmitter and a receiver; and, The hybrid coding and modulation apparatus as described in claim 8 is installed on the hybrid coding and modulation system body.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing program instructions, characterized in that, When the program instructions are executed, they cause the computer to perform the hybrid coding and modulation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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