A smart forestry monitoring system

Abstract

This invention discloses a smart forestry monitoring system, comprising a monitoring system, a data system, and an operating system. The monitoring system includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a smoke detector, a camera, a light sensor, a GPS locator, and a recording device. Data collected by the monitoring system is transmitted to the data system; signals converted by the data system are directly transmitted to the operating system. The operating system includes a central control module and a remote monitoring terminal. The central control module receives data collected by the data system and displays it on a monitor for easy viewing. After entering the central control module, the data undergoes centralized processing, classification, and comparison with preset values. The central control module connects to fire extinguishing, cooling, and repelling modules. The operating system also includes a science education module. The advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies are: this system integrates multiple monitoring modules, achieving comprehensive and multi-level monitoring of the forest ecosystem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forestry management and protection technology, specifically a smart forestry monitoring system that integrates multiple monitoring and data analysis functions. It aims to achieve comprehensive, real-time, and efficient monitoring of the forest environment through advanced Internet of Things technology, sensor technology, and data analysis methods, so as to promote the sustainable management of forestry resources and ecological protection. Background Technology

[0002] As one of the most important ecosystems on Earth, the health of forests directly affects the planet's ecological balance and the sustainable development of human society. Forests often cover large areas and have complex ecosystems, facing challenges such as frequent fires, biodiversity loss, air and water pollution, and soil hardening during natural succession. Traditional manual monitoring methods are not only inefficient but also unable to cover vast forest areas, failing to meet the needs of modern forestry management.

[0003] To address this issue, several monitoring systems have been developed. For example, Chinese patent CN202010849639.2 proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based forest environment monitoring system. This system collects environmental data through sensor nodes deployed in the forest and transmits it to a remote monitoring center via a wireless network. However, this system primarily focuses on monitoring single environmental parameters, such as temperature and humidity, and lacks comprehensive monitoring and data analysis capabilities.

[0004] By monitoring forest environmental parameters using temperature and humidity sensors and soil moisture sensors, and transmitting data wirelessly, preliminary monitoring of the forest environment has been achieved. However, the system still has shortcomings in monitoring range, data processing capabilities, and response mechanisms to emergencies, and has not fully met the needs of smart forestry management.

[0005] Another Chinese patent, CN201711315554.0, proposes a forest fire early warning system. This system focuses on early fire warning, using smoke sensors and infrared cameras to quickly detect and alert on fires. While this system performs well in fire prevention, it lacks comprehensive solutions for integrated monitoring of the forest ecosystem, biodiversity conservation, and carbon budget management. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a smart forestry monitoring system that integrates multiple monitoring and data analysis functions to address the above problems.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a smart forestry monitoring system, including a monitoring system, a data system and an operating system. The monitoring system includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a smoke detector, a camera, a light sensor, a GPS locator and a recording device. The data collected by the monitoring system is transmitted to the data system through a network.

[0008] The data system includes storage hard drives and cloud disks. The signals converted by the data system are directly transmitted to the operating system.

[0009] The operating system includes a central control module and a remote monitoring terminal. The central control module receives data collected by the data system and displays the data on the monitor for easy viewing. After the data enters the central control module, it is centrally processed, and the data is classified and compared with preset values ​​for judgment. The central control module is connected to the fire extinguishing module, cooling module and repelling module. The remote monitoring terminal monitors the data in real time through network transmission. The operating system also includes a science popularization module.

[0010] As an improvement, the temperature detection module includes a first sensor, a second sensor, and a third sensor. The first sensor is located at a high position, the second sensor is located in the middle, and the third sensor is located at a low position. The height of the sensors is determined by the height of the tallest tree in the forest. This is used to detect the temperature longitudinally in the forest. It also works with the cooling module to spray water to cool down areas with excessively high temperatures. The cooling module is an automatic sprinkler system. The central control module uses the temperature detection results to spray water to cool down areas with excessively high temperatures.

[0011] As an improvement, the smoke detection module is a smoke detector. The smoke detector is connected to a large database and a central control module through a channel. The central control module is connected to an alarm, which will trigger an audible and visual alarm when smoke is detected.

[0012] As an improvement, an environmental monitoring module is composed of a camera, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a light sensor, and a GPS positioning module. It collects environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, light, and geographical location in the forest. The camera is an infrared camera.

[0013] As an improvement, the video surveillance and image recognition system, which transmits the images captured by the cameras to the central control module, is used to monitor images and video data in the forest in real time, providing an intuitive monitoring view.

[0014] As an improvement, the deflection module is an audio-visual deflection device that uses audio-visual alarms to drive away animals or insects that may damage the forest; the fire extinguishing module consists of carbon dioxide nozzles and water mist nozzles; and the cooling module consists of water mist nozzles and fans.

[0015] As an improvement, the monitoring system also includes a water environment monitoring module, a soil environment monitoring module, a carbon budget monitoring module, and a biodiversity monitoring module. The water environment monitoring module uses sensors to detect water level, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and permanganate index in rivers and ponds. The soil environment monitoring module uses sensors to detect temperature and humidity, electrical conductivity / salt content, and heavy metal indicators.

[0016] As an improvement, the biodiversity monitoring module uses cameras and recording equipment to monitor plants and animals, integrates audio and video monitoring for birds, and uses infrared cameras to monitor mammals and reptiles.

[0017] As an improvement, a carbon budget monitoring module is added, which includes greenhouse gas monitoring, biomass monitoring, and carbon source management in the sample plots.

[0018] As an improvement, the big data database connects the central control module and the remote monitoring terminal through the Internet of Things. The central control module, as the core of the system, is responsible for receiving data from each module, processing and analyzing it, and controlling the operation of other modules.

[0019] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0020] Comprehensiveness: This system integrates multiple monitoring modules, including temperature, smoke, environment, monitoring, fire suppression, cooling, repelling, water environment, soil environment, biodiversity, and carbon balance, achieving comprehensive and multi-level monitoring of the forest ecosystem. Intelligence: Through advanced IoT technology and data analysis methods, this system can monitor changes in the forest environment in real time, automatically identify abnormal events, and take corresponding countermeasures, such as automatic water spraying for cooling and sound and light repelling. Scalability: This system adopts a modular design, allowing for flexible configuration of modules and sensors according to the characteristics of the forest area and monitoring needs, facilitating system upgrades and expansion. Efficiency: Through a cloud computing platform and big data analytics, this system can efficiently process and analyze monitoring data, providing scientific basis and decision support for forestry management, and assisting forest managers in early warning and judgment. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a smart forestry integrated monitoring system. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] In a specific implementation, the present invention provides a smart forestry monitoring system, comprising a monitoring system, a data system, and an operating system. The monitoring system includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a smoke detector, a camera, a light sensor, a GPS locator, and a recording device. The data collected by the monitoring system is transmitted to the data system via a network.

[0024] The data system includes storage hard drives and cloud disks. The signals converted by the data system are directly transmitted to the operating system.

[0025] The operating system includes a central control module and a remote monitoring terminal. The central control module receives data collected by the data system and displays the data on the monitor for easy viewing. After the data enters the central control module, it undergoes centralized data processing, including data classification and comparison with preset values. The central control module is connected to the fire extinguishing module, cooling module, and repelling module. The remote monitoring terminal monitors the data in real time through network transmission. The operating system also includes a science popularization module.

[0026] As an improvement, the temperature detection module includes a first sensor, a second sensor, and a third sensor. The first sensor is located at a high position, the second sensor is located in the middle, and the third sensor is located at a low position. The height of the sensors is determined by the height of the tallest tree in the forest. This is used to detect the temperature longitudinally in the forest. It also works with the cooling module to spray water to cool down areas with excessively high temperatures. The cooling module is an automatic sprinkler system. The central control module uses the temperature detection results to spray water to cool down areas with excessively high temperatures.

[0027] As an improvement, the smoke detection module is a smoke detector. The smoke detector is connected to a large database and a central control module through a channel. The central control module is connected to an alarm, which will trigger an audible and visual alarm when smoke is detected.

[0028] As an improvement, an environmental monitoring module is composed of a camera, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a light sensor, and a GPS positioning module. It collects environmental (meteorological) parameters such as humidity, light intensity, geographical location, rainfall, negative oxygen ions, and particulate matter in the forest. The camera is an infrared camera.

[0029] As an improvement, the video surveillance and image recognition system, which transmits the images captured by the cameras to the central control module, is used to monitor images and video data in the forest in real time, providing an intuitive monitoring view.

[0030] As an improvement, the deflection module is an audio-visual deflection device that uses audio-visual alarms to drive away animals or insects that may damage the forest; the fire extinguishing module consists of carbon dioxide nozzles and water mist nozzles; and the cooling module consists of water mist nozzles and fans.

[0031] As an improvement, the water environment monitoring module uses sensors to detect water level, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and permanganate index in rivers and ponds, referencing the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard GB3838-2002". It can be used in conjunction with water diversion and irrigation water control. The soil environment monitoring module uses sensors to detect temperature and humidity, conductivity / salt content, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and heavy metal indicators, which can be used in conjunction with soil and water conservation, land drought control, agricultural operations, and crop growth management.

[0032] As an improvement, the biodiversity monitoring module uses camera and audio recording equipment to monitor plants and animals. Key protected plants are mainly monitored by fixed-point shooting, animals, including birds, are monitored by integrated audio and video, and mammals, reptiles and amphibians are mainly monitored by infrared cameras. The monitoring of mammals, reptiles and amphibians by infrared cameras can be combined with electronic banding, disease sampling and detection, and electronic files of key protected species and invasive alien species (management and cleanup).

[0033] As an improvement, a pest and disease monitoring module has been added, which includes intelligent pheromone traps, insect monitoring equipment, and tree monitoring equipment, and can be used in conjunction with manual and mechanical methods to drive away pests.

[0034] As an improvement, a platform or module for drone flight and interpretation is added to regularly analyze and interpret forest vegetation coverage, forest area, soil drought (hardening), outbreak of invasive alien species, illegal construction, etc. Finally, the layers can be overlaid and compared in a large database.

[0035] As an improvement, a carbon budget monitoring module is added, which includes greenhouse gas monitoring, biomass monitoring, and carbon source management in the sample plots.

[0036] As an improvement, the big data database connects the central control module and remote monitoring terminals through the Internet of Things to perform personnel and equipment positioning, closed-loop event handling, etc. The central control module, as the core of the system, is responsible for receiving data from each module, processing and analyzing it, and controlling the operation of other modules.

[0037] The working principle of this invention: The smart forestry monitoring system proposed in this invention mainly consists of three parts: a monitoring system, a data system, and an operating system.

[0038] Monitoring System: Responsible for collecting various data from the forest environment in real time. Each monitoring module collects data, such as temperature, humidity, smoke concentration, water quality parameters, and soil parameters, through sensor nodes deployed throughout the forest. This data is transmitted to the data system via a wireless network.

[0039] Temperature sensor

[0040] Models: Various types, such as thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), semiconductor sensors, infrared temperature sensors, fiber optic temperature sensors, etc.

[0041] Working principle: A temperature sensor detects temperature and converts it into a usable output signal. Different types of temperature sensors have different working principles, for example:

[0042] Thermocouple sensors are based on the thermoelectric effect and consist of two wires made of different metals or alloys connected together. When there is a temperature difference between the two ends, a thermoelectric potential is generated, and the temperature is determined by measuring the thermoelectric potential.

[0043] Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) determine temperature by measuring changes in resistance, which is based on the property that the resistance of a metal changes with temperature.

[0044] Semiconductor temperature sensors utilize the temperature characteristics of semiconductor devices, such as silicon temperature sensors, to determine temperature by measuring changes in resistance.

[0045] Humidity sensor

[0046] Models: Various types, such as resistive, capacitive, thermistor, dew point, optical, and semiconductor types.

[0047] Working principle: Humidity sensors can sense and measure the ambient humidity level and convert it into a measurable signal. For example, capacitive humidity sensors reflect humidity changes by measuring changes in the resistivity of a thin film or the dielectric constant of the moisture-sensing medium.

[0048] smoke detector

[0049] Models: Various types, such as ionization smoke detectors and photoelectric smoke detectors.

[0050] Smoke detectors primarily prevent fires by monitoring smoke concentration. Ionization smoke detectors contain a small amount of radioactive material in the ionization chamber, making the air inside a conductor and allowing a certain current to flow between two electrodes. When smoke particles enter the ionized region, they combine with ions, reducing the air's conductivity and slowing ion movement. When the conductivity falls below a predetermined value, the detector sounds an alarm. Photoelectric smoke detectors, on the other hand, detect smoke by utilizing the absorption and scattering of light by smoke particles.

[0051] Camera

[0052] Models: Various, such as digital cameras, analog cameras, etc. The specific model varies depending on factors such as brand, function, and resolution.

[0053] After the camera captures an image through its lens, its internal photosensitive circuitry and control components process the image and convert it into a digital signal that a computer can recognize. This digital signal can then be input to a computer via a parallel port or USB connection, where software reconstructs the image.

[0054] Light sensor

[0055] Models: Multiple models are available, and the specific model varies depending on factors such as brand, measurement range, and accuracy.

[0056] A light sensor is an electronic device that can detect ambient light; its working principle is based on the photoelectric effect. Light sensors can measure the intensity and direction of light and are widely used in industries such as robotics and automation control.

[0057] GPS locator

[0058] Models: Multiple models are available, and the specific model may vary depending on factors such as brand, function, and precision.

[0059] GPS locators use the Global Positioning System (GPS) to obtain location information. They are built-in receivers of signals from GPS satellites in the sky and determine their position by calculating the distance to each satellite. This distance information is called "pseudorange," which is the time delay between the receiver and the satellite. Through triangulation and precise algorithms, GPS locators can obtain accurate location information.

[0060] Recording equipment

[0061] Models: Various types, such as portable voice recorders, professional recording equipment, smartphones, and other devices with recording functions.

[0062] Recording devices capture sound signals through a built-in microphone and convert them into electrical signals for storage or transmission. These electrical signals can be digitized and saved as audio files for later playback or editing.

[0063] Data System: Based on a cloud computing platform, this system is responsible for storing, processing, and analyzing data transmitted from the monitoring system. Through big data analytics and machine learning algorithms, the data system can identify changing trends and abnormal events in the forest environment, providing early warnings and decision support for forestry management.

[0064] Operating System: Provides a user interface and supports science education, central control, and remote monitoring functions. Users can view real-time data, historical data, and analysis reports through the operating system, and can also remotely control and configure the monitoring system.

[0065] In practical implementation, this system can flexibly configure monitoring modules and sensors according to the characteristics of the forest area and monitoring needs. For example, in areas with high fire risk, smoke detection and fire suppression modules can be deployed; in areas with severe water pollution, water environment monitoring modules can be deployed. Through comprehensive analysis and processing of monitoring data, this system can provide comprehensive scientific basis and decision support for forestry management, promote the sustainable use of forestry resources and ecological protection, unify the collection of monitored data, display the monitoring results to the public, use virtual reality technology for popular science education, and use the collected data for patrols. The central control system judges the data based on preset data values. If the data exceeds the threshold, it is judged as abnormal, requiring forest rangers to go to the site for on-site inspection and observation for secondary confirmation, and then report back to the relevant departments for handling, finally completing the closed loop of the event.

[0066] Example:

[0067] Temperature detection module: Employs high-precision digital temperature sensors (such as DS18B20 or PT1000), including sensors at high (such as the canopy), middle (such as near the trunk), and low (such as the ground surface) locations, to monitor the vertical temperature distribution in the forest and work in conjunction with automatic sprinkler systems (such as Rain Bird I-20 rotary sprinklers) for precise cooling.

[0068] Smoke detection module: A photoelectric smoke detector (such as Honeywell 5808) is selected, which can sensitively detect smoke particles in the air and issue a timely fire warning.

[0069] Environmental monitoring module: integrates infrared camera (such as Axis P3365-LVE), humidity sensor (such as HIH6130), and GPS positioning module (such as u-bloxNEO-6M) to comprehensively monitor forest humidity, light intensity and geographical location information.

[0070] Monitoring module: Employs high-definition network cameras (such as Hikvision DS-2CD2T86G4-I5) and image recognition algorithms to achieve 24-hour uninterrupted monitoring and automatically identify abnormal events.

[0071] Fire suppression module: In addition to automatic sprinklers, a high-pressure fine water mist fire suppression system can be added to quickly respond to initial fires.

[0072] Repellent module: Employs an audible and visual alarm device (such as Bosch Security Systems D-TEC HF) to repel harmful animals or insects through sound and bright light at specific frequencies.

[0073] Water environment monitoring module: Utilizes multi-parameter water quality sensors (such as YSIProDSS) to monitor water level, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, permanganate index, etc. in rivers and ponds.

[0074] Soil environment monitoring module: It uses soil temperature and humidity sensors (such as Decagon EC-5), conductivity sensors (such as Sentek EnviroSCAN) and heavy metal detection kits to achieve comprehensive monitoring of the soil environment.

[0075] Biodiversity Monitoring Module: This is a comprehensive system integrating multiple technologies, designed for long-term, systematic observation and data collection of the abundance, distribution, and dynamic changes of biological species within a specific area. This module uses infrared cameras (such as the Bushnell Trophy CamHD Essential) for animal monitoring and combines them with high-definition cameras and audio recorders (such as the Zoom H6) for bird audio and video monitoring. Its working principle can be explained in detail below:

[0076] I. Infrared Camera Monitoring Section

[0077] Infrared camera configuration:

[0078] Infrared cameras, such as the Bushnell Trophy CamHD Essential, use infrared spectral capture technology and can work normally at night or in low-light environments to capture images of animals.

[0079] These cameras are typically equipped with high-sensitivity sensors and wide-angle lenses to ensure that animal activity is captured over a large area.

[0080] Deployment and setup:

[0081] Infrared cameras are deployed in appropriate locations, such as trees, rocks, or the ground, based on the characteristics of the survey area and the habitat requirements of the target species, to ensure that they can capture the activities of the target species.

[0082] Parameters such as trigger distance, trigger time interval, and shooting mode can be set to adapt to the behavioral patterns of different species and survey needs.

[0083] Data collection and processing:

[0084] Photos and videos taken regularly by the infrared camera are stored on memory cards, and the memory cards are periodically recycled and the data is downloaded.

[0085] Species identification and classification are performed on the collected photos and videos, and species identity and taxonomic position are determined using professional knowledge or reference materials.

[0086] In the data analysis phase, statistical and ecological principles are used to process and analyze the collected data to reveal the patterns of change in biological populations and the trends of change in the ecological environment.

[0087] II. Monitoring Section of High-Definition Cameras and Audio Recorders

[0088] High-definition camera configuration:

[0089] High-definition cameras are used to capture clear images of birds and other animals, providing high-resolution video recording.

[0090] Cameras are typically equipped with wide-angle lenses and stabilization devices to ensure stable video capture under varying lighting conditions.

[0091] Audio recorder configuration:

[0092] Audio recorders, such as the Zoom H6, feature a modular design and are equipped with high-performance microphones that can automatically record ambient sounds and convert them into digital formats.

[0093] This device supports multi-channel recording and can capture the calls and sound characteristics of birds and other animals, which is of great significance for understanding their distribution and behavior.

[0094] Deployment and setup:

[0095] High-definition cameras and audio recorders are installed in appropriate locations based on the characteristics of the monitoring area and the target species to ensure that the activities and sounds of birds and other animals can be captured.

[0096] Configure the camera's shooting parameters and the audio recorder's recording parameters to adapt to the behavioral patterns and monitoring needs of different species.

[0097] Data collection and processing:

[0098] Regularly recycle memory cards from high-definition cameras and audio recorders, and download video and audio data.

[0099] The collected videos and audio recordings were used for species identification and classification, and the behavioral and vocal characteristics of birds, as well as their interactions with other animals, were analyzed.

[0100] By combining other ecological data, a comprehensive analysis of changes in biodiversity can be conducted to provide a scientific basis for ecological protection.

[0101] III. System Integration and Data Analysis

[0102] Data integration:

[0103] Data collected by infrared cameras, high-definition cameras, and audio recorders are integrated to form a complete biodiversity monitoring dataset.

[0104] Data Analysis:

[0105] By utilizing advanced data analysis techniques and ecological principles, the integrated data is processed and analyzed to reveal the patterns of change in biological populations and the trends in ecological environment changes.

[0106] The analysis results can be used to assess the level of biodiversity, species richness, and species distribution, providing a scientific basis for the formulation of ecological protection strategies.

[0107] Carbon budget monitoring module: Greenhouse gas emissions from the sample plots are monitored using a greenhouse gas analyzer (such as Picaro G2401-m), and combined with biomass estimation models and carbon source management software, to achieve precise management of carbon budget.

[0108] Data systems and operating systems:

[0109] The data system is based on a cloud computing platform (such as Alibaba Cloud or AWS), using big data analytics and machine learning algorithms to process monitoring data. It interacts with a central control module (such as a Siemens S7-1200 PLC) and remote monitoring terminals (such as PCs and mobile apps) via IoT technology (such as the MQTT protocol), providing functions such as real-time data display, anomaly alarms, and historical data analysis. Specifically, the central control module first presets a data range based on actual conditions. Multiple sensors detect various data points, and the data collected by the sensors is transmitted to the data system in real time. The central control module compares and judges the data. If the data is abnormal, and can be remotely operated via the operating system, the monitoring screen is retrieved for image identification. If an event is identified, it is handled (firefighting, cooling, driving away). If the event cannot be resolved remotely, the forest ranger conducts a secondary confirmation. If the event is confirmed, it is handled directly if it can be handled directly; otherwise, it is notified to relevant specialists in specific departments for handling.

[0110] Science Popularization Module: Through virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies, the module showcases the structure and function of forest ecosystems to the public, raising public awareness of environmental protection.

[0111] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature, and in the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0112] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0113] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0114] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0115] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart forestry monitoring system, comprising a monitoring system, a data system, and an operating system, characterized in that: The monitoring system includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a smoke detector, a camera, a light sensor, a GPS locator, and a recording device. The data collected by the monitoring system is transmitted to a data system via a network. The data system includes storage hard drives and cloud disks. The signals converted by the data system are directly transmitted to the operating system. The operating system includes a central control module and a remote monitoring terminal. The central control module receives data collected by the data system and displays the data on the monitor for easy viewing. After the data enters the central control module, it undergoes centralized data processing, including data classification and comparison with preset values. The central control module is connected to the fire extinguishing module, cooling module, and repelling module. The remote monitoring terminal monitors the data in real time through network transmission. The operating system also includes a science popularization module.

2. The intelligent forestry monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature detection module includes a first sensor, a second sensor, and a third sensor. The first sensor is located at a high position, the second sensor is located in the middle, and the third sensor is located at a low position. The height of the sensors is determined by the height of the tallest tree in the forest. This module is used to detect the temperature longitudinally in the forest and works with a cooling module to spray water to cool down areas with excessively high temperatures. The cooling module is an automatic sprinkler system. The central control module uses the temperature detection results to spray water to cool down areas with excessively high temperatures.

3. The intelligent forestry monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: smoke The detection module is a smoke detector. The smoke detector is connected to a large database and a central control module via a channel. The central control module is connected to an alarm, which will trigger an audible and visual alarm when smoke is detected.

4. The intelligent forestry monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The environmental monitoring module consists of a camera, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a light sensor, and a GPS positioning module. It collects environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and geographical location in the forest. The camera is an infrared camera.

5. The intelligent forestry monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The video surveillance and image recognition system, which transmits images captured by the cameras to the central control module, is used to monitor images and video data in the forest in real time and provide intuitive monitoring views.

6. The intelligent forestry monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The deterrence module is an audio-visual deterrence device that uses audio-visual alarms to drive away animals or insects that may damage the forest. The fire extinguishing module consists of carbon dioxide nozzles and water mist nozzles, and the cooling module consists of water mist nozzles and fans.

7. The intelligent forestry monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The monitoring system also includes a water environment monitoring module, a soil environment monitoring module, a carbon budget monitoring module, and a biodiversity monitoring module. The water environment monitoring module uses sensors to detect water level, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and permanganate index in rivers and ponds. The soil environment monitoring module uses sensors to detect temperature and humidity, electrical conductivity / salt content, and heavy metal indicators.

8. The intelligent forestry monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The biodiversity monitoring module uses cameras and recording equipment to monitor plants and animals, and integrates audio and video monitoring for birds, while infrared cameras are used to monitor mammals and reptiles.

9. The intelligent forestry monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that: Carbon budget monitoring module, including greenhouse gas monitoring, biomass monitoring, and carbon source management in sample plots.

10. The intelligent forestry monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The big data database connects the central control module and remote monitoring terminals via the Internet of Things. The central control module, as the core of the system, is responsible for receiving data from each module, processing and analyzing it, and controlling the operation of other modules.

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