Modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system and method. The system includes a shore-based data center, a surface buoy platform, and an underwater main control module. The shore-based data center receives and processes data from the surface buoy platform. The surface buoy platform supplies power to the underwater main control module and transmits information between itself and both the shore-based data center and the underwater main control module. The underwater main control module includes a main control module, a synchronization clock module, a data fusion module, and an expansion interface module. The expansion interface module includes multiple standardized interfaces for connecting corresponding expansion devices as needed. The main control module is used for task scheduling, data storage, and communication control. The synchronization clock module provides a unified timestamp for all expansion devices. The data fusion module receives data from all expansion devices in real time and packages it into data packets with a unified timestamp.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underwater ecological monitoring technology, specifically to a modular, multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] Underwater monitoring in the field is a key means of aquatic ecological research and conservation management. Traditional underwater monitoring equipment often has the following drawbacks:

[0003] (1) Single function: It cannot simultaneously collect sound signals from vocal organisms, acoustic beacon signals, environmental sound, water quality parameters, eDNA and video data.

[0004] (2) System fragmentation: Different monitoring tasks require the deployment of different equipment, resulting in inconsistent spatiotemporal benchmarks for data, making subsequent fusion analysis difficult, and incurring high deployment and maintenance costs.

[0005] (3) Poor scalability: The existing platform hardware interface and data processing architecture do not reserve the ability to expand multimodal data acquisition, making it difficult to adapt to the rapidly developing comprehensive monitoring needs.

[0006] (4) Sampling asynchrony: The sampling processes of acoustic, optical, water quality, eDNA and other samples lack hardware-level synchronization mechanisms, making it difficult to accurately correlate multi-source data.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to design a modular underwater integrated ecological monitoring system and method for synchronous acquisition of multi-source data to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A modular underwater integrated ecological monitoring system for synchronous acquisition of multi-source data includes a shore-based data center, a surface buoy platform, and an underwater main control cabin;

[0010] The shore-based data center is wirelessly connected to the surface buoy platform, and the surface buoy platform is connected to the underwater main control cabin via an underwater cable.

[0011] The shore-based data center is used to receive and process data from the surface buoy platform;

[0012] The surface buoy platform is used to supply power to the underwater main control cabin and to transmit information between the shore-based data center and the underwater main control cabin.

[0013] The underwater main control cabin includes a main control module, a synchronization clock module, a data fusion module, and an expansion interface module;

[0014] The expansion interface module includes multiple standardized interfaces for connecting to corresponding expansion devices as needed.

[0015] The main control module is used to implement task scheduling, data storage and communication control;

[0016] The synchronization clock module is used to provide a unified timestamp for all extended devices;

[0017] The data fusion module is used to receive data from all extended devices in real time and package it into data packets with a unified timestamp.

[0018] In some embodiments, the number of standardized interfaces of each type in the extended interface module is one or more, and the types of standardized interfaces include, but are not limited to:

[0019] Acoustic interface, used to connect to the acoustic acquisition subsystem;

[0020] Water quality sensor interface, used to connect a water quality sensor;

[0021] Optical device interface, used to connect optical devices;

[0022] The eDNA sampling control interface is used to connect to eDNA sampling equipment.

[0023] In some embodiments, the optical device includes an underwater high-definition camera and / or an infrared imaging module.

[0024] In some embodiments, the eDNA sampling device includes a miniature submersible pump and an eDNA filtering module, wherein the eDNA filtering module employs a replaceable eDNA filter membrane;

[0025] The eDNA filter membrane is normally located in the sealed chamber of the eDNA sampling device, and the sealed chamber opens automatically when the miniature submersible pump is working.

[0026] In some embodiments, the types of water quality sensors include, but are not limited to, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, temperature, and conductivity sensors.

[0027] In some embodiments, the acoustic acquisition subsystem includes a broadband hydrophone array and / or a beacon receiving module;

[0028] The bandwidth of the broadband hydrophone array covers 10Hz~500kHz;

[0029] The beacon receiving module uses a dedicated ultrasonic receiver to work in conjunction with ultrasonic beacons placed on aquatic organisms to receive and decode ultrasonic signals.

[0030] In some embodiments, the acoustic acquisition subsystem further includes an acoustic signal processing board for detecting the presence of a target acoustic signal, which is an acoustic signal emitted by the target aquatic organism itself or an ultrasonic signal from an ultrasonic beacon.

[0031] In some embodiments, the optical device and the eDNA sampling device are configured to be in a dormant state under normal conditions. When a trigger condition is met, the optical device is triggered to perform optical imaging, and the eDNA sampling device performs eDNA sampling. The trigger condition includes one or more combinations of the following:

[0032] Acoustic event triggering: When the acoustic acquisition subsystem detects the target acoustic signal, it triggers optical imaging and eDNA sampling;

[0033] Water quality threshold trigger: When the water quality sensor detects that any water quality data reaches a preset threshold, it triggers optical imaging and eDNA sampling;

[0034] Timed trigger: Automatically triggers optical imaging and eDNA sampling according to a preset time cycle.

[0035] In some embodiments, the surface buoy platform is integrated with photovoltaic panels, positioning equipment, and meteorological monitoring equipment.

[0036] Another aspect of the present invention provides a modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring method, which employs the aforementioned modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system and includes the following steps:

[0037] S1. In the underwater main control cabin, a unified timestamp is generated through the synchronization clock module;

[0038] S2. Real-time collection of multi-source data from multiple devices connected via an extended interface module;

[0039] S3. Package the multi-source data into a data packet with a unified timestamp and transmit it to the surface buoy platform;

[0040] S4. After adding the information collected by the surface buoy platform to the data packet, it is transmitted to the shore-based data center;

[0041] S5. Analyze and visualize multi-source data at the shore-based data center to complete comprehensive underwater ecological monitoring.

[0042] Compared with existing technologies, the modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system and method provided by this invention has the following advantages:

[0043] Significantly enhanced comprehensiveness: It breaks through the limitations of existing equipment that only monitors a single or few parameters, and integrates multi-dimensional data acquisition capabilities such as acoustics, optics, water quality, and eDNA on the same platform to achieve "one station for multiple uses" and meet the needs of modern ecological research for simultaneous acquisition of multi-source data.

[0044] Data spatiotemporal consistency assurance: Through a high-precision synchronization clock module and a unified data fusion architecture, all sensor data are ensured to have accurate and unified timestamps, which solves the problems of data time asynchrony and spatial location deviation caused by the deployment of multiple devices, and provides a reliable foundation for multi-source data fusion analysis.

[0045] Flexible, scalable, and cost-effective: The modular interface design allows users to select sensors according to specific research needs, eliminating the need to repeatedly deploy the entire system for different tasks. This not only reduces hardware procurement costs but also significantly reduces the manpower and time costs of deployment and maintenance, making it particularly suitable for the construction of long-term, large-scale integrated monitoring networks. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system provided by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring method provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, further explains how this invention is implemented.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system, including a shore-based data center 30, a surface buoy platform 20, and an underwater main control cabin 10; the shore-based data center 30 and the surface buoy platform 20 are wirelessly connected, and the surface buoy platform 20 and the underwater main control cabin 10 are connected by an underwater cable.

[0050] The shore-based data center 30 is used to receive and process data from the surface buoy platform 20.

[0051] The surface buoy platform 20 is used to power the underwater main control room 10 and to transmit information between the shore-based data center 30 and the underwater main control room 10. The surface buoy platform 20 can be equipped with photovoltaic panels, positioning equipment and meteorological monitoring equipment. The surface buoy platform 20 can be powered by solar energy and batteries or connected to shore power.

[0052] The underwater main control cabin 10 is the core unit of the system, including the main control module 1, the synchronization clock module 2, the data fusion module 3, and the expansion interface module 4.

[0053] The underwater main control cabin 10 can be designed as a bottom-mounted or anchored structure, or it can be carried on the vehicle together with the surface buoy platform 20.

[0054] The expansion interface module 4 includes multiple standardized interfaces (all conforming to the ISO / IEC 11801 underwater connector standard) for connecting to corresponding expansion devices as needed.

[0055] The main control module 1 can use a low-power embedded processor (such as the ARM Cortex-A series) to run an embedded Linux system for task scheduling, data storage and communication control.

[0056] Synchronization clock module 2 can use a high-precision GPS disciplined clock (PTP protocol) to provide a unified timestamp for all extended devices, with a synchronization accuracy of ±1ms.

[0057] The data fusion module 3 can use an FPGA chip to receive data from all extended devices in real time and package it into data packets with a unified timestamp.

[0058] In this embodiment, among the multiple standardized interfaces of the extended interface module 4, each type of standardized interface has one or more interfaces, and the types of the multiple standardized interfaces include, but are not limited to:

[0059] The water quality sensor interface supports RS-485 / Modbus protocol and is used to connect to water quality sensor 5; the types of water quality sensor 5 include, but are not limited to, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, temperature, and conductivity sensors.

[0060] An optical device interface, supporting Gigabit Ethernet or Camera Link, is used to connect to optical device 6; optical device 6 may include an underwater high-definition camera and / or an infrared camera module.

[0061] The eDNA sampling control interface is used to connect to the eDNA sampling device 7. The eDNA sampling device 7 includes a miniature submersible pump (flow rate 0.1-1 L / min) and an eDNA filter module. The eDNA filter module uses a replaceable eDNA filter membrane (pore size 0.22 μm). The eDNA filter membrane is normally located in the sealed chamber of the eDNA sampling device 7, and the sealed chamber automatically opens when the miniature submersible pump is working. In addition, each water quality sensor 5 can be configured near the eDNA sampling device 7 to ensure that the eDNA sample and water quality parameters originate from the same water mass, enhancing data correlation.

[0062] Acoustic interface, used to connect to acoustic acquisition subsystem 8.

[0063] The acoustic acquisition subsystem 8 may include a broadband hydrophone array and / or a beacon receiving module; the broadband hydrophone array has a frequency band covering 10Hz to 500kHz; the beacon receiving module uses a dedicated ultrasonic receiver to cooperate with ultrasonic beacons configured on aquatic organisms to receive and decode ultrasonic signals.

[0064] The acoustic acquisition subsystem 8 also includes an acoustic signal processing board for detecting the presence of a target acoustic signal, which is either an acoustic signal emitted by the target aquatic organism itself or an ultrasonic signal from an ultrasonic beacon.

[0065] For example, for aquatic creatures like cetaceans with specific calls, such acoustic signals can be directly collected using a broadband hydrophone array to determine the presence of nearby cetaceans. In another scenario, ultrasonic beacons need to be configured for released aquatic organisms, and subsequent long-term tracking and research can be achieved by detecting ultrasonic signals. Therefore, in the application scenarios of this invention, broadband hydrophone arrays and / or beacon receiving modules can be connected via acoustic interfaces as needed to achieve different functions.

[0066] In one specific application, a particular algorithm can be deployed at the edge of the MCU on the acoustic signal processing board to achieve automatic detection of cetaceans:

[0067] The acoustic signal processing board can employ parallel bandpass filter banks, designed specifically for the finless porpoise click sound (center frequency 120kHz, bandwidth 40kHz), the dolphin whistle sound (center frequency 8kHz, bandwidth 12kHz), and the dolphin click sound (center frequency 40kHz, bandwidth 30kHz).

[0068] The MCU on the acoustic signal processing board is normally in sleep mode, with only the broadband hydrophone array and a simple energy detection circuit and related circuits operating. When the broadband hydrophone array receives a signal with energy exceeding a preset threshold, it wakes up the MCU on the acoustic signal processing board. The MCU first judges the short-time energy and spectral flatness of the signal to exclude non-target signals such as ship noise (low frequency, broadband) and raindrop interference (high frequency, short pulse). After determining that it does not belong to the above non-target signals, the MCU further executes a pre-trained quantized convolutional neural network to identify the call type, and finally outputs five categories including finless porpoise, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, bottlenose dolphin, other cetaceans, and non-cetaceans (noise / other organisms), and outputs a confidence score. It can be applied to coastal or estuarine areas to realize the ecological health diagnosis of cetaceans.

[0069] Preferably, the optical device 6 and the eDNA sampling device 7 are configured to be in sleep mode under normal conditions. When a trigger condition is met, the optical device 6 is triggered to perform optical imaging, and the eDNA sampling device 7 performs eDNA sampling. The trigger condition includes one or more combinations of the following:

[0070] Acoustic event triggering: When the acoustic acquisition subsystem 8 detects the target acoustic signal, it triggers optical imaging and eDNA sampling.

[0071] Water quality threshold trigger: When the water quality sensor 5 detects that any water quality data reaches the preset threshold, it triggers optical imaging and eDNA sampling.

[0072] Timed trigger: Automatically triggers optical imaging and eDNA sampling according to a preset time cycle.

[0073] This method enables intelligent directional monitoring and reduces system power consumption.

[0074] Furthermore, addressing the issue of underwater sound propagation being significantly affected by environmental factors (temperature, salinity, depth, etc.), detection parameters can be dynamically adjusted by fusing data from water quality sensor 5, improving detection robustness under different environmental conditions. Additionally, conditional neural networks can be applied to dynamically adjust network parameters based on environmental vectors. This mechanism allows the same model to exhibit different characteristic response properties under different environmental conditions. For example, during the high-temperature period of summer, increased water temperature leads to increased sound speed and exacerbated high-frequency signal attenuation; the high-frequency detection threshold can be lowered to compensate for signal loss. In turbid estuarine areas, increased background noise in high-turbidity environments allows for stricter spectral shape constraints to reduce false detections. In deep water areas, considering multipath propagation caused by acoustic channel effects, time delay parameters can be adjusted to accommodate the dispersed signal arrival times.

[0075] Specifically, the present invention can introduce an adaptive detection parameter generation method based on environmental parameters and frequency band acoustic noise statistics to achieve hierarchical trigger control of low-power acoustic wake-up and high-resource-consuming actions (optical imaging, eDNA sampling, high-sampling-rate acoustic recording, etc.), and effectively suppress false triggering in adverse environments.

[0076] In this embodiment, the system collects water environment parameters and frequency band acoustic noise statistics for any underwater acoustic event frequency band k, and generates frequency band-level acoustic states:

[0077] ;

[0078] in: To estimate the speed of sound in water, For the uncertainty of sound speed estimation, For propagation attenuation levels, Noise floor level, Transient pulse interference level, It is classified as a multipath risk level. This represents the relative detection margin level.

[0079] Furthermore, the system generates propagation compensation requirements. , At least including the propagation attenuation level The resulting propagation term, including the relative detection margin level. And the margin / budget term determined based on the propagation loss budget term formed by the threshold of the previous cycle. Furthermore, the system is at least based on the noise floor level. Transient pulse interference level Jointly generate false trigger risk And generate a risk veto status. and compensation allowance coefficient .when , or When entering a high-risk state, or when sensor malfunctions, frequency band energy saturation, maintenance actions, or abnormal self-noise occur, =1 and =0, so that the propagation compensation requirement cannot reduce the energy wake-up threshold or candidate threshold.

[0080] The system divides the detection parameters into three parameter groups:

[0081] First action-level parameter: Energy wake-up threshold Candidate threshold First action-level wake-up hysteresis and optional gain and detection time window The first action-level parameters only allow for low-power acoustic wake-up, local candidate cache, or further local discrimination.

[0082] Second action-level parameter: Trigger threshold Trigger hysteresis Number of confirmations triggered And category trigger strictness The second action level parameter is used to permit at least one high-resource-consuming action among high-sampling-rate acoustic recording, data uploading, optical imaging, eDNA sampling, or external sampling device startup.

[0083] Neutral tuning parameter: Bandpass filter bandwidth and categorical feature gating parameters The neutral tuning parameters do not change the trigger pass domain of the first and second action levels, and are only used for frequency band tracking or candidate generation of the first and second action levels.

[0084] The first action-level parameter can only be set within the compensation permission coefficient. When the preset limit is met, the gain may be reduced or enhanced according to the propagation compensation requirement. Increases in gain, extension of the detection window, or adjustments to the first action-level pre-acknowledgment caused by the propagation compensation requirement may not, individually or in combination, replace the second action-level parameters. The second action-level parameters are constrained by a second generating function and a non-relaxed projection operator, different from the first action-level parameters, and are not relaxed due to increased propagation compensation requirements, increased propagation attenuation, or decreased relative detection margin. When the neutral tuning parameter participates in the triggering judgment of high-resource-consuming actions, this parameter is incorporated into the second action-level parameters or the classification trigger strictness and is constrained by the non-relaxed projection operator.

[0085] In the control process, the system first collects core environmental parameters through multiple water quality sensors (which can be woken up at preset time intervals to collect data). Where T is water temperature (°C), S is salinity (PSU, practical salinity unit), D is depth (m), Tu is turbidity (NTU), DO is dissolved oxygen (mg / L), and pH is acidity / alkalinity. Furthermore, statistical frequency-band acoustic noise is calculated within non-event time windows. ,in, For background noise flooring, For noise fluctuation intensity, Transient pulse interference level, This represents the statistical value of the background spectrum shape or flatness.

[0086] The speed of sound in water can be estimated based on environmental parameters. (m / s), can be expressed in a simplified form using the UNESCO formula:

[0087] =1449.2+4.6T-0.055T²+0.00029T³+(1.34-0.01T)(S-35)+0.016D.

[0088] When some sensors are missing or malfunctioning, the system enters a false trigger suppression-type degradation operation. For example, when salinity S data is unavailable, only temperature T and depth D are used to calculate and estimate the speed of sound in water. And increase the uncertainty of sound speed estimation The value. When all core environmental sensors fail, it will... Set to 1 or Set to zero to disable threshold compensation and increase the strictness of the second action level parameters.

[0089] Furthermore, based on the above parameters, the system calculates the propagation compensation requirements. Risk of accidental triggering And determine the risk veto status. and compensation allowance coefficient Subsequently, the first action-level sensitivity compensation branch generates the first action-level parameter vector, and the second action-level trigger protection branch generates the second action-level parameter vector.

[0090] In the low-power acoustic detection path, the system retains the operation of the hydrophone front end, the target bandpass filter, and the energy detection circuit while the MCU is in sleep mode. When the bandpass energy exceeds... + At this time, the MCU is woken up to perform lightweight feature discrimination. Only if the discrimination result meets the candidate threshold... When this occurs, the first action level is triggered, the system saves the candidate fragments and proceeds to further discrimination. Only when the discrimination result meets the trigger threshold... And trigger hysteresis Number of confirmations triggered The system will only trigger the second action level when all additional conditions under the protection state are met, namely, triggering high-sampling-rate acoustic recording, local storage, data upload, or external sampling devices (optical imaging devices or eDNA sampling devices).

[0091] To prevent a circular dependency between noise floor updates and threshold generation, the system employs a state update protection mechanism: a fixed conservative threshold is used during the initialization phase; during normal operation, the previous cycle threshold is used to determine the quiet window, and noise statistics are updated only from the quiet window; when candidate acoustic events occur, the freeze time after event confirmation occurs, the frequency band energy saturates, equipment is under maintenance, sensor malfunctions occur, or a risk rejection state is activated, the updates of background noise statistics and related detection parameter vectors are frozen or restricted.

[0092] The above scheme allows the number of candidate segments per unit time to be increased within a limit to reduce missed detections when there is high propagation attenuation and low false trigger risk; while when there is high propagation attenuation and high false trigger risk, the number of high resource consumption actions triggered will not increase due to the increase in propagation compensation requirements, thereby reducing the high sampling rate recording time per unit time, communication upload volume, number of external sampling initiation times and battery power consumption.

[0093] Reference Figure 2 As shown, another aspect of the present invention provides a modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring method, which employs the above-mentioned modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system and includes the following steps:

[0094] S1. In the underwater main control cabin 10, a unified timestamp is generated through the synchronization clock module 2;

[0095] S2. Real-time collection of multi-source data from multiple devices connected via the expansion interface module 4;

[0096] S3. Package the multi-source data into a data packet with a unified timestamp and transmit it to the surface buoy platform 20;

[0097] S4. After adding the information collected by the surface buoy platform 20 to the data packet, it is transmitted to the shore-based data center 30.

[0098] S5. Analyze and visualize 30 pairs of multi-source data in the shore-based data center, such as providing automatic acoustic spectrum recognition (whale and dolphin calls, ultrasonic beacons), water quality trend analysis, eDNA sequence comparison (with public databases), and multi-source data association visualization tools to complete comprehensive underwater ecological monitoring.

[0099] In summary, this invention provides a comprehensive monitoring solution integrating acoustic, optical, water quality sensors, and eDNA sampling technology. By reserving standardized hardware interfaces and a unified data processing architecture, it enables on-demand configuration and flexible expansion, thereby reducing the deployment and maintenance costs of comprehensive monitoring and improving data acquisition efficiency and multi-dimensional data fusion and analysis capabilities. This invention is particularly suitable for fields such as aquatic biodiversity assessment, ecosystem health diagnosis, and species behavioral ecology research.

[0100] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular underwater integrated ecological monitoring system for synchronous acquisition of multi-source data, characterized in that, This includes a shore-based data center, a surface buoy platform, and an underwater main control module; The shore-based data center is wirelessly connected to the surface buoy platform, and the surface buoy platform is connected to the underwater main control cabin via an underwater cable. The shore-based data center is used to receive and process data from the surface buoy platform; The surface buoy platform is used to supply power to the underwater main control cabin and to transmit information between the shore-based data center and the underwater main control cabin. The underwater main control cabin includes a main control module, a synchronization clock module, a data fusion module, and an expansion interface module; The expansion interface module includes multiple standardized interfaces for connecting to corresponding expansion devices as needed. The main control module is used to implement task scheduling, data storage and communication control; The synchronization clock module is used to provide a unified timestamp for all extended devices; The data fusion module is used to receive data from all extended devices in real time and package it into data packets with a unified timestamp.

2. The modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extended interface module has multiple standardized interfaces, each type of standardized interface has one or more interfaces, and the types of standardized interfaces include, but are not limited to: Acoustic interface, used to connect to the acoustic acquisition subsystem; Water quality sensor interface, used to connect a water quality sensor; Optical device interface, used to connect optical devices; The eDNA sampling control interface is used to connect to eDNA sampling equipment.

3. The modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The optical equipment includes an underwater high-definition camera and / or an infrared imaging module.

4. The modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The eDNA sampling device includes a miniature submersible pump and an eDNA filtering module, wherein the eDNA filtering module uses a replaceable eDNA filter membrane. The eDNA filter membrane is normally located in the sealed chamber of the eDNA sampling device, and the sealed chamber opens automatically when the miniature submersible pump is working.

5. The modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The types of water quality sensors include, but are not limited to, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, temperature, and conductivity sensors.

6. The modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The acoustic acquisition subsystem includes a broadband hydrophone array and / or a beacon receiver module; The bandwidth of the broadband hydrophone array covers 10Hz~500kHz; The beacon receiving module uses a dedicated ultrasonic receiver to work in conjunction with ultrasonic beacons placed on aquatic organisms to receive and decode ultrasonic signals.

7. The modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The acoustic acquisition subsystem also includes an acoustic signal processing board for detecting the presence of a target acoustic signal, which is either an acoustic signal emitted by the target aquatic organism itself or an ultrasonic signal from an ultrasonic beacon.

8. The modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The optical device and the eDNA sampling device are configured to be in sleep mode under normal conditions. When a trigger condition is met, the optical device is triggered to perform optical imaging, and the eDNA sampling device performs eDNA sampling. The trigger condition includes one or more combinations of the following: Acoustic event triggering: When the acoustic acquisition subsystem detects the target acoustic signal, it triggers optical imaging and eDNA sampling; Water quality threshold trigger: When the water quality sensor detects that any water quality data reaches a preset threshold, it triggers optical imaging and eDNA sampling; Timed trigger: Automatically triggers optical imaging and eDNA sampling according to a preset time cycle.

9. The modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition underwater integrated ecological monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface buoy platform is equipped with photovoltaic panels, positioning equipment, and meteorological monitoring equipment.

10. A modular, multi-source data synchronous acquisition method for underwater integrated ecological monitoring, characterized in that, The underwater integrated ecological monitoring system employing the modular multi-source data synchronous acquisition method described in any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: S1. In the underwater main control cabin, a unified timestamp is generated through the synchronization clock module; S2. Real-time collection of multi-source data from multiple devices connected via an extended interface module; S3. Package the multi-source data into a data packet with a unified timestamp and transmit it to the surface buoy platform; S4. After adding the information collected by the surface buoy platform to the data packet, it is transmitted to the shore-based data center; S5. Analyze and visualize multi-source data at the shore-based data center to complete comprehensive underwater ecological monitoring.

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