An energy-saving cooling system for containerized data centers with adaptive heat pipe composite heat dissipation

Abstract

This invention discloses an energy-saving cooling system for containerized data centers with adaptive heat pipe composite heat dissipation, applied to the field of refrigeration and heat exchange technology. Through the setting of three different operating modes, the system can adaptively switch according to the indoor and outdoor temperature difference and load conditions: in cold seasons, it relies entirely on passive cooling via heat pipes to achieve near-zero power consumption; in hot seasons, it activates compression refrigeration to ensure unconditional heat dissipation; and in transitional seasons, it uses a composite mode to prioritize the use of natural cold sources, supplemented by compressors, thereby maximizing energy savings and reducing PUE under all climate conditions, while reducing compressor start-up and shutdown time, improving system reliability and service life. The inclusion of leak detection connectors effectively monitors the sealing condition of the heat pipe joints, facilitating timely detection of leaks before complete sealing, enabling timely repairs, reducing the adverse effects of working fluid leakage, and improving the stability of heat pipe heat dissipation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of refrigeration and heat exchange technology, and in particular to an energy-saving cooling system for container data centers with adaptive heat pipe composite heat dissipation. Background Technology

[0002] Containerized data centers have been widely used in edge computing, emergency response, field operations, and communication base stations due to their advantages such as flexible deployment, factory prefabrication, and rapid delivery. However, with the continuous increase in server chip power consumption and deployment density, the heat flux density inside the containers has increased dramatically, with single rack power reaching 10kW-30kW, posing a severe challenge to cooling systems. Traditional cooling solutions mostly use CRAC (Compressed Refrigerant Air Conditioning) or precision air conditioning, relying on vapor compression refrigeration cycles year-round, resulting in data center power utilization efficiency (PUE) generally exceeding 1.5 and enormous energy consumption.

[0003] To reduce cooling energy consumption, technologies utilizing natural cold sources have gained attention. Among them, heat pipe heat exchange technology is gradually being introduced into the data center cooling field due to its advantages such as high heat transfer efficiency, no need for additional power or only low-power fans, and reliable operation. However, existing heat pipe cooling systems have significant limitations: on the one hand, the heat exchange capacity of heat pipes is heavily dependent on the indoor and outdoor temperature difference. During transitional seasons or when outdoor temperatures are high in summer, the heat transfer temperature difference of heat pipes is insufficient to meet the cooling needs of data centers, and compression refrigeration still needs to be activated as a supplement; on the other hand, most current composite cooling systems use simple seasonal switching or fixed temperature difference threshold switching control. The container cooling scheme combining heat pipes and compression refrigeration disclosed in Chinese patent application CN114126332A still uses fixed temperature difference segmented switching in its control logic, lacking adaptive adjustment capabilities. It fails to dynamically optimize the operating mode according to real-time load and temperature difference, resulting in frequent compressor start-stop or insufficient utilization of heat pipe capacity, leading to still high overall energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The core of this invention lies in its ability to adaptively adjust the operating mode based on actual conditions through the setting of three operating modes, thereby fully utilizing the heat pipe and achieving energy saving and consumption reduction. Simultaneously, the addition of a floating mode switching threshold further improves the stability and energy-saving effect of switching between different modes while ensuring efficient cooling of the containerized data center.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0006] An adaptive heat pipe composite heat dissipation container data center energy-saving cooling system includes a container body with server racks, a heat pipe heat exchange unit, a compression refrigeration unit, a fan unit, a sensor assembly, and a control unit installed on the container body. The heat pipe heat exchange unit, the compression refrigeration unit, the fan unit, and the sensor assembly are all signal-connected to the control unit. The heat pipe heat exchange unit includes a heat pipe evaporator and a heat pipe condenser installed inside and outside the container body, respectively. The heat pipe evaporator and the heat pipe condenser are connected by a pipeline to form a first refrigeration circuit. The compression refrigeration unit includes a compressor, a compression condenser, an expansion valve, and a compression evaporator, which are connected by pipelines to form a second refrigeration circuit. The fan unit includes an internal fan and a condenser fan installed inside and outside the container body, respectively. The sensor assembly includes an internal temperature sensor and an external temperature sensor installed inside and outside the container body, respectively, and a load monitoring module for acquiring the real-time load of the server. The heat pipe evaporator and the compressor evaporator are arranged in series along the airflow direction, with the heat pipe evaporator located upstream of the compressor evaporator. This allows the hot air exhausted from the server to first flow through the heat pipe evaporator for pre-cooling, and then through the compressor evaporator for deep cooling. The control unit operates based on the indoor and outdoor temperature difference ΔT=T. 室内 -T 室外 The heat dissipation is divided into three operating modes: Heat pipe cooling mode: When ΔT ≥ the second preset temperature difference, the compression refrigeration unit is shut down, and only the first refrigeration circuit is started; Compression refrigeration mode: When ΔT≤ first preset temperature difference, the first refrigeration circuit is shut down and only the second refrigeration circuit is started; Composite cooling mode: When ΔT is between the first preset temperature difference and the second preset temperature difference, the first refrigeration circuit and the second refrigeration circuit are activated simultaneously. Wherein, the first preset temperature difference is less than the second preset temperature difference.

[0007] Furthermore, the heat pipe condenser and the compressor condenser share the same condenser fan; the control unit controls the condenser fan to operate at a first speed in heat pipe cooling mode, at a second speed in combined cooling mode, and at a third speed in compressor refrigeration mode, with the first speed < the second speed < the third speed; wherein the fan power corresponding to the first speed does not exceed 30% of the fan power in compressor refrigeration mode.

[0008] Furthermore, when controlling the switching between the three modes, the control unit sets a compensation value ΔT1 for ΔT, where ΔT1 is 1-3℃. When the system is in compression refrigeration mode or combined cooling mode, it must be ΔT≥2 preset temperature difference+ΔT1 before switching to heat pipe cooling mode; When the system is in heat pipe cooling mode or composite cooling mode, it must be ΔT ≤ first preset temperature difference - ΔT1 before switching to compression refrigeration mode.

[0009] Furthermore, when controlling the switching between the three modes, the control unit also sets a correction value ΔT2 for ΔT based on the dynamic changes in server load, where ΔT2 is 2-5℃. When the load rate L is higher than the high load threshold, the first preset temperature difference is reduced by ΔT2, and the second preset temperature difference is reduced by ΔT2, so as to enter the composite cooling mode or compression refrigeration mode earlier. When the load rate L is lower than the low load threshold, the first preset temperature difference increases by ΔT2, and the second preset temperature difference increases by ΔT2, so as to enter the heat pipe cooling mode earlier.

[0010] Furthermore, leak test connectors are connected between the heat pipe evaporator and the heat pipe condenser and the outlet of the heat pipe. The ends of the two leak test connectors that are far apart from each other are welded to the ends of the heat pipe evaporator and the heat pipe condenser, respectively, while the ends that are close to each other are inserted and matched to the two ends of the heat pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the leak detection connector includes a connector tube body and a threaded protrusion ring fixedly connected to the outer end of the connector tube body. The threaded protrusion ring is located at the end of the connector tube body near the heat pipe. The end of the heat pipe is machined to make the cross-section of the heat pipe end into a two-stage stepped shape. Along the direction near the middle of the heat pipe, the inner diameter of the first stage step is larger than the inner diameter of the second stage step. The first stage step is threadedly connected to the outer end of the threaded protrusion ring, and the second stage step contacts the outer wall of the connector tube body. A multi-layer sealing unit is provided between the end of the heat pipe and the leak detection connector. A leak detection unit is also provided at the outer end of the heat pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, the multi-layer sealing unit includes a third sealing ring between the end of the threaded protruding ring and the radial inner wall of the first step, a first sealing ring between the end of the connector tube and the radial inner wall of the second step, and a second sealing ring between the two. The axial inner wall of the second step is chiseled with a sealing ring groove, and the second sealing ring is placed in the sealing ring groove. The first sealing ring, the second sealing ring, and the third sealing ring are all in a compressed state.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner wall of the second step is chiseled with a monitoring cavity, multiple main through holes and multiple right through holes. The monitoring cavity is located between the second sealing ring and the third sealing ring. The multiple main through holes are axially arranged and connect the monitoring cavity and the sealing ring groove. The right through holes are radially arranged and connect the monitoring cavity and the leak detection unit. Both monitoring cavities are equipped with leak detection sensor groups, which include at least a micro differential pressure sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor.

[0014] Furthermore, the leak detection unit includes an external display cover fixedly connected to the outer wall of the heat pipe, and an isolation membrane and a protective membrane fixedly connected to the inner wall of the external display cover. The isolation membrane is located between the protective membrane and the inner wall of the external display cover, and the space enclosed by the isolation membrane and the external display cover is filled with dark ink.

[0015] Furthermore, both the isolation membrane and the protective membrane are made of elastic sealing material, the outer display cover is made of transparent material, the surface of the isolation membrane away from the protective membrane is coated with a water-insoluble colored coating, the radial distance between the outer display cover and the isolation membrane is no greater than 5 mm, the protective membrane and the isolation membrane are close to each other but do not contact each other, and the radial distance between them is no greater than 2 mm, and the elastic modulus of the protective membrane is less than that of the isolation membrane.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are: (1) This solution enables the system to adaptively switch according to the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor environments and load conditions by setting three different operating modes: in the cold season, it relies entirely on heat pipe passive cooling to achieve near-zero power consumption operation; in the hot season, it uses compression refrigeration to ensure unconditional heat dissipation; in the transitional season, it uses a composite mode to prioritize the use of natural cold sources and allows the compressor to supplement, thereby maximizing energy saving and reducing PUE under all climate conditions, while reducing compressor start-up and shutdown time and improving system reliability and service life.

[0017] (2) By setting the compensation value ΔT1 and the load correction value ΔT2, ΔT1 is used to suppress the frequent switching of modes caused by small environmental fluctuations, ensuring the stable operation of the system and reducing equipment wear. ΔT2 is used to dynamically adjust the switching threshold according to the server load, adapting to the heat dissipation requirements as needed, taking into account the stability of operation, the service life of equipment, the temperature control accuracy of the computer room and the overall energy-saving effect. (3) By setting the leak detection connector, the sealing condition of the heat pipe joint can be effectively monitored, so that the leakage signal can be received in time before complete sealing, and then timely repair can be carried out to reduce the adverse effects of working fluid leakage and improve the stability of heat pipe heat dissipation. At the same time, with the setting of the leak detection unit, it can indicate the leakage location for on-site maintenance personnel, thereby reducing the difficulty and tediousness of determining the leakage point on-site and improving maintenance efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall framework of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of heat exchange under the composite cooling mode of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic block diagram illustrating the switching between different operating modes of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the graded speed control system for the condenser fan of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the connection between the leak detection connector and the heat pipe of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a perspective sectional view of the connection between the leak detection connector and the heat pipe of the present invention; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 8 This is a half-sectional view of the heat pipe and leak detection connector of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a planar cross-sectional view of the connection between the leak detection connector and the heat pipe of the present invention; Figure 10 for Figure 9 A schematic diagram at point B in the middle; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the changes in the leak detection unit after leakage occurs at the heat pipe joint of the present invention.

[0019] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1 Leak test connector, 11 Connector body, 12 Convex ring, 101 Monitoring cavity, 102 Main through hole, 103 Right through hole, 21 First sealing ring, 22 Second sealing ring, 23 Third sealing ring, 3 Leak test unit, 31 External display cover, 32 Isolation membrane, 33 Protective membrane. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] First implementation method: like Figure 1 An adaptive heat pipe composite heat dissipation container data center energy-saving cooling system includes a container body with server racks, a heat pipe heat exchange unit, a compression refrigeration unit, a fan unit, a sensor assembly, and a control unit installed on the container body. The heat pipe heat exchange unit, the compression refrigeration unit, the fan unit, and the sensor assembly are all signal-connected to the control unit. The heat pipe heat exchange unit includes a heat pipe evaporator and a heat pipe condenser installed inside and outside the container body, respectively. The heat pipe evaporator and the heat pipe condenser are connected by a pipeline to form a first refrigeration circuit. The compression refrigeration unit includes a compressor, a compression condenser, an expansion valve, and a compression evaporator, which are connected by a pipeline to form a second refrigeration circuit. The fan unit includes an internal fan and a condenser fan installed inside and outside the container body, respectively. The sensor assembly includes an internal temperature sensor, an external temperature sensor installed inside and outside the container body, respectively, and a load monitoring module for obtaining the real-time load of the server. like Figure 2 The heat pipe evaporator and the compressor evaporator are arranged in series along the airflow direction, with the heat pipe evaporator located upstream of the compressor evaporator. This allows the hot air discharged from the server to first flow through the heat pipe evaporator for pre-cooling, and then flow through the compressor evaporator for deep cooling.

[0022] like Figure 3 The control unit is based on the indoor and outdoor temperature difference ΔT=T 室内 -T 室外 The heat dissipation is divided into three operating modes: Heat pipe cooling mode: When ΔT ≥ the second preset temperature difference, the compressor refrigeration unit is shut down, and only the first refrigeration circuit is started. In this mode, the compressor can be completely shut down, and heat is transferred solely by the passive phase change cycle of the heat pipe working fluid. The condenser fan and internal fan operate at low speeds. The compressor is the most power-consuming component of the cooling system. Shutting it down reduces the power consumption of the cooling system and the overall PUE of the unit. Furthermore, in low temperatures during winter (large temperature difference between inside and outside), the continuous heat pipe mode allows the compressor to rest fully, significantly reducing the cumulative running time and thus extending its maintenance cycle and overall service life.

[0023] Compression refrigeration mode: When ΔT ≤ the first preset temperature difference, the first refrigeration circuit is shut down, and only the second refrigeration circuit is activated. If the heat pipe is used forcibly when the temperature difference is insufficient, the heat transfer is very small and may cause liquid accumulation in the condenser and drying out of the evaporator, which wastes the power consumption of the fan. At this time, the first refrigeration circuit is shut down, allowing the compressor to work independently to ensure the cooling effect.

[0024] Composite cooling mode: When ΔT is between the first and second preset temperature differences, both the first and second refrigeration circuits are activated simultaneously. In this mode, the heat pipe evaporator prioritizes handling the basic cooling load (pre-cooling hot air), lowering the air temperature to near the outdoor temperature; the compressor evaporator only needs to handle the remaining cooling load. Compared to pure compression refrigeration, the compressor does not need to operate at full load and can operate at a lower frequency or lower power output within its optimal energy efficiency ratio range, while reducing start-stop frequency and extending its lifespan.

[0025] Wherein, the first preset temperature difference is less than the second preset temperature difference.

[0026] like Figure 4 The heat pipe condenser and the compressor condenser share the same condenser fan, thereby reducing the number of condenser fans required and lowering costs. The control unit controls the condenser fan to operate at a first speed in heat pipe cooling mode, a second speed in combined cooling mode, and a third speed in compressor refrigeration mode, with the first speed < the second speed < the third speed. The fan power corresponding to the first speed does not exceed 30% of the fan power in compressor refrigeration mode.

[0027] The fan speed is matched according to different cooling operation modes. Low speed is adapted to heat pipe mode to achieve energy saving and consumption reduction, medium speed is adapted to composite mode to balance heat dissipation and energy consumption, and high speed is adapted to compression refrigeration mode to enhance heat dissipation capacity. On-demand speed adjustment can not only accurately meet the heat dissipation requirements of various working conditions, but also effectively reduce operating power consumption, delay fan aging, and improve the overall economy and operation stability of the system.

[0028] In summary, by setting three different operating modes, the system can adaptively switch according to the indoor and outdoor temperature difference and load conditions: in the cold season, it relies entirely on heat pipe passive cooling to achieve near-zero power consumption operation; in the hot season, it uses compression refrigeration to ensure unconditional heat dissipation; and in the transitional season, it uses a composite mode to prioritize the use of natural cold sources and allow the compressor to supplement, thereby maximizing energy savings and reducing PUE under all climate conditions, while reducing compressor start-up and shutdown time, improving system reliability and service life.

[0029] Second implementation method: Based on the first implementation method, the following further improvements are made.

[0030] When controlling the switching between the three modes, the control unit sets a compensation value ΔT1 for ΔT, where ΔT1 is 1-3℃. When the system is in compression refrigeration mode or combined cooling mode, it must be ΔT≥2 preset temperature difference+ΔT1 before switching to heat pipe cooling mode; When the system is in heat pipe cooling mode or composite cooling mode, it must be ΔT≤first preset temperature difference-ΔT1 before switching to compression refrigeration mode.

[0031] By setting ΔT1, the stability of each mode can be improved, making the switching between the two modes less susceptible to excessive interference from the external environment. This effectively avoids frequent switching between modes, improves the stability of the operating conditions, retains the advantage of rapid response to load and environmental changes, locks in the stable operating range, and balances temperature control sensitivity and system operation stability.

[0032] When controlling the switching between the three modes, the control unit also sets a correction value ΔT2 for ΔT based on the dynamic changes in server load. ΔT2 is 2-5℃. When the load rate L is higher than the high load threshold, the first preset temperature difference is reduced by ΔT2, and the second preset temperature difference is reduced by ΔT2, so as to enter the composite cooling mode or compression refrigeration mode earlier. When the load rate L is lower than the low load threshold, the first preset temperature difference increases by ΔT2, and the second preset temperature difference increases by ΔT2, so as to enter the heat pipe cooling mode earlier.

[0033] By setting ΔT2, the mode switching threshold can be flexibly adjusted as needed. Forced cooling is activated in advance to ensure heat dissipation under high load, while heat pipe energy-saving operation is prioritized under low load, achieving a high degree of matching between heat dissipation capacity and load, and balancing heat dissipation safety and overall energy saving effect.

[0034] Therefore, by setting both the compensation value ΔT1 and the load correction value ΔT2, we can both rely on ΔT1 to suppress frequent mode switching caused by small environmental fluctuations, ensuring stable system operation and reducing equipment wear, and use ΔT2 to dynamically adjust the switching threshold according to the server load, adapting to heat dissipation needs as required, and taking into account operational stability, equipment lifespan, data center temperature control accuracy and overall energy saving effect.

[0035] The third implementation method: This embodiment adds a leak detection connector 1 and its related structures to the first embodiment, while the rest remains the same as the first embodiment.

[0036] like Figure 5 In the diagram, a represents the outlet of the heat pipe evaporator or the inlet of the heat pipe condenser, b represents the weld seam, and c represents the heat pipe opening. Leak test connectors 1 are connected between the heat pipe evaporator and the heat pipe condenser and the heat pipe opening. The ends of the two leak test connectors 1 that are far apart from each other are welded to the ends of the heat pipe evaporator and the heat pipe condenser, respectively. The ends that are close to each other are plugged into both ends of the heat pipe. Welding at one end can effectively ensure the connection strength and reduce the probability of leakage. The plugging connection at the other end makes the heat pipe detachable, which is convenient for subsequent maintenance.

[0037] like Figures 6-7 The leak detection connector 1 includes a connector body 11 and a threaded protruding ring 12 fixedly connected to the outer end of the connector body 11. The threaded protruding ring 12 is located at the end of the connector body 11 near the heat pipe. The end of the heat pipe is machined to make the cross-section of the heat pipe end into a two-stage stepped shape. Along the direction near the middle of the heat pipe, the inner diameter of the first stage step is larger than the inner diameter of the second stage step. The first stage step is threadedly connected to the outer end of the threaded protruding ring 12, and the second stage step contacts the outer wall of the connector body 11. A multi-layer sealing unit is provided between the end of the heat pipe and the leak detection connector 1. A leak detection unit 3 is also provided at the outer end of the heat pipe. The multi-layer sealing unit includes a third sealing ring 23 between the end of the threaded convex ring 12 and the radial inner wall of the first step, a first sealing ring 21 between the end of the connector tube body 11 and the radial inner wall of the second step, and a second sealing ring 22 between the two. A sealing ring groove is chiseled in the axial inner wall of the second step. The second sealing ring 22 is placed in the sealing ring groove, and the first sealing ring 21, the second sealing ring 22 and the third sealing ring 23 are all in a compressed state, so as to improve the sealing effect.

[0038] like Figures 8-10The inner wall of the second-level step is carved with a monitoring cavity 101, multiple main through holes 102, and multiple right through holes 103. The monitoring cavity 101 is located between the second sealing ring 22 and the third sealing ring 23. The multiple main through holes 102 are axially arranged and connect the monitoring cavity 101 and the sealing ring groove. The right through holes 103 are radially arranged and connect the monitoring cavity 101 and the leak detection unit 3. Both monitoring cavities 101 are equipped with leak detection sensor groups, which include at least a micro differential pressure sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor. Through the setting of the multi-level sealing unit, the connection between the heat pipe and the leak detection joint 1 is effectively sealed, and the leakage of the working fluid inside is effectively avoided. In addition, by setting the monitoring cavity 101 and the leak detection unit 3 between the second sealing ring 22 and the third sealing ring 23, an independent sealed space can be formed. When a leak occurs, the working fluid can enter the independently sealed monitoring cavity 101 before leaking outside the joint, so that the leak detection sensor group can obtain the leakage signal in time to provide early warning and facilitate timely maintenance by the staff to ensure the stability of heat pipe heat dissipation.

[0039] like Figure 10 The leak detection unit 3 includes an external display cover 31 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the heat pipe, and an isolation membrane 32 and a protective membrane 33 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the external display cover 31. The isolation membrane 32 is located between the protective membrane 33 and the inner wall of the external display cover 31. The space enclosed by the isolation membrane 32 and the external display cover 31 is filled with dark ink. Both the isolation membrane 32 and the protective membrane 33 are made of elastic sealing material. The protective membrane 33 serves as a protective layer to effectively prevent accidental leakage of the dark ink directly into the monitoring chamber 101. The external display cover 31 is made of transparent material. The surface of the isolation membrane 32 away from the protective membrane 33 is coated with a water-insoluble colored coating. The radial distance between the external display cover 31 and the isolation membrane 32 is no greater than 5 mm. The protective membrane 33 and the isolation membrane 32 are close to each other but do not contact each other, and the two are... The radial distance between the protective film 33 and the isolation film 32 is less than that of the protective film 33, making the protective film 33 more easily deformable. When leakage occurs, it is less likely to obstruct the leaking gaseous or liquid working fluid. This facilitates the activation of the isolation film 32 and its deformation towards the outer display cover 31, thereby expelling some dark ink to both sides of the deformation point and contacting the inner wall of the outer display cover 31. As a result, when viewed from the outside, the part of the outer display cover 31 that overlaps with the isolation film 32 appears colored, distinguishing it from the color of the dark ink. When personnel arrive at the site for repairs after leakage occurs, the location can be indicated, reducing the difficulty and complexity of determining the leakage point on site, improving maintenance efficiency, reducing the adverse effects of working fluid leakage, and improving the stability of heat pipe heat dissipation.

[0040] It is worth noting that, for cost control purposes, the leak detection unit 3 can be omitted, and only a leak detection sensor group can be installed in the monitoring cavity 101. In this case, the right through hole 103 can also be omitted. In specific implementation, whether to install it can be selected according to actual needs. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention; it includes all the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and its improved concept, should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-saving cooling system for a containerized data center with adaptive heat pipe composite heat dissipation, comprising a container housing with server racks, a heat pipe heat exchange unit, a compression refrigeration unit, a fan unit, a sensor assembly, and a control unit mounted on the container housing, wherein the heat pipe heat exchange unit, the compression refrigeration unit, the fan unit, and the sensor assembly are all signal-connected to the control unit, characterized in that: The heat pipe heat exchange unit includes a heat pipe evaporator and a heat pipe condenser respectively installed inside and outside the container. The heat pipe evaporator and the heat pipe condenser are connected by a pipeline to form a first refrigeration circuit. The compression refrigeration unit includes a compressor, a compression condenser, an expansion valve, and a compression evaporator, which are connected by pipelines to form a second refrigeration circuit. The fan unit includes an internal fan and a condenser fan respectively installed inside and outside the container. The sensor assembly includes an internal temperature sensor, an external temperature sensor respectively installed inside and outside the container, and a load monitoring module for obtaining the real-time load of the server. The heat pipe evaporator and the compressor evaporator are arranged in series along the airflow direction, with the heat pipe evaporator located upstream of the compressor evaporator. The control unit is based on the indoor and outdoor temperature difference ΔT=T. 室内 -T 室外 The heat dissipation is divided into three operating modes: Heat pipe cooling mode: When ΔT ≥ the second preset temperature difference, the compression refrigeration unit is turned off, and only the first refrigeration circuit is started; Compression refrigeration mode: When ΔT≤ first preset temperature difference, the first refrigeration circuit is shut down, and only the second refrigeration circuit is started; Composite cooling mode: When ΔT is between the first preset temperature difference and the second preset temperature difference, the first refrigeration circuit and the second refrigeration circuit are activated simultaneously. Wherein, the first preset temperature difference is less than the second preset temperature difference.

2. The container data center energy-saving cooling system with adaptive heat pipe composite heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat pipe condenser and the compressor condenser share the same condenser fan; the control unit controls the condenser fan to operate at a first speed in heat pipe cooling mode, at a second speed in combined cooling mode, and at a third speed in compressor refrigeration mode, with the first speed < the second speed < the third speed. The fan power corresponding to the first rotational speed shall not exceed 30% of the fan power in the compression refrigeration mode.

3. The container data center energy-saving cooling system with adaptive heat pipe composite heat dissipation according to claim 2, characterized in that: When controlling the switching between the three modes, the control unit sets a compensation value ΔT1 for ΔT, where ΔT1 is 1-3℃. When the system is in compression refrigeration mode or combined cooling mode, it must be ΔT≥2 preset temperature difference+ΔT1 before switching to heat pipe cooling mode; When the system is in heat pipe cooling mode or composite cooling mode, it must be ΔT ≤ first preset temperature difference - ΔT1 before switching to compression refrigeration mode.

4. The container data center energy-saving cooling system with adaptive heat pipe composite heat dissipation according to claim 3, characterized in that: When controlling the switching between the three modes, the control unit also sets a correction value ΔT2 for ΔT based on the dynamic changes in server load, where ΔT2 is 2-5℃. When the load rate L is higher than the high load threshold, the first preset temperature difference is reduced by ΔT2, and the second preset temperature difference is reduced by ΔT2, so as to enter the composite cooling mode or compression refrigeration mode earlier. When the load rate L is lower than the low load threshold, the first preset temperature difference increases by ΔT2, and the second preset temperature difference increases by ΔT2, so as to enter the heat pipe cooling mode earlier.

5. The container data center energy-saving cooling system with adaptive heat pipe composite heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Leak test connectors (1) are connected between the heat pipe evaporator and the heat pipe condenser and the outlet of the heat pipe. The ends of the two leak test connectors (1) that are far apart from each other are welded to the ends of the heat pipe evaporator and the heat pipe condenser, respectively, and the ends that are close to each other are inserted and matched to the two ends of the heat pipe.

6. The container data center energy-saving cooling system with adaptive heat pipe composite heat dissipation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The leak test connector (1) includes a connector tube body (11) and a threaded protrusion ring (12) fixedly connected to the outer end of the connector tube body (11). The threaded protrusion ring (12) is located at the end of the connector tube body (11) near the heat pipe. The end of the heat pipe is machined and the cross section of the end of the heat pipe is in the form of two steps. Along the direction near the middle of the heat pipe, the inner diameter of the first step is larger than the inner diameter of the second step. The first step is threadedly connected to the outer end of the threaded protrusion ring (12). The second step is in contact with the outer wall of the connector tube body (11). A multi-layer sealing unit is provided between the end of the heat pipe and the leak test connector (1). A leak test unit (3) is also provided at the outer end of the heat pipe.

7. The container data center energy-saving cooling system with adaptive heat pipe composite heat dissipation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The multi-layer sealing unit includes a third sealing ring (23) between the end of the threaded protruding ring (12) and the radial inner wall of the first step, a first sealing ring (21) between the end of the connector tube (11) and the radial inner wall of the second step, and a second sealing ring (22) between the two. The axial inner wall of the second step is chiseled with a sealing ring groove, and the second sealing ring (22) is placed in the sealing ring groove. The first sealing ring (21), the second sealing ring (22) and the third sealing ring (23) are all in a compressed state.

8. The container data center energy-saving cooling system with adaptive heat pipe composite heat dissipation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner wall of the second step is provided with a monitoring cavity (101), multiple main through holes (102) and multiple right through holes (103). The monitoring cavity (101) is located between the second sealing ring (22) and the third sealing ring (23). The multiple main through holes (102) are axially arranged and connect the monitoring cavity (101) and the sealing ring groove. The right through holes (103) are radially arranged and connect the monitoring cavity (101) and the leak detection unit (3). Both monitoring cavities (101) are equipped with leak detection sensor groups, which include at least a micro differential pressure sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor.

9. The container data center energy-saving cooling system with adaptive heat pipe composite heat dissipation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The leak detection unit (3) includes an external display cover (31) fixedly connected to the outer wall of the heat pipe, and an isolation membrane (32) and a protective membrane (33) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the external display cover (31). The isolation membrane (32) is located between the protective membrane (33) and the inner wall of the external display cover (31). The space enclosed by the isolation membrane (32) and the external display cover (31) is filled with dark ink.

10. The container data center energy-saving cooling system with adaptive heat pipe composite heat dissipation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The isolation membrane (32) and the protective membrane (33) are both made of elastic sealing material. The external display cover (31) is made of transparent material. The surface of the isolation membrane (32) away from the protective membrane (33) is coated with a color coating that is insoluble in water. The radial distance between the external display cover (31) and the isolation membrane (32) is no greater than 5 mm. The protective membrane (33) and the isolation membrane (32) are close to each other but do not contact each other, and the radial distance between them is no greater than 2 mm. The elastic modulus of the protective membrane (33) is less than that of the isolation membrane (32).

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