A loading and unloading mechanism for a circuit board pick and place machine

Abstract

This invention discloses a loading and unloading mechanism for a circuit board placement machine, relating to the field of circuit board processing. It includes a main unloading mechanism body, a receiving frame with a receiving groove and a receiving slot on its inner wall, a receiving mechanism to prevent wear and impact on the circuit board during unloading, a limiting groove on the inner wall of the receiving plate with anti-wear and anti-collision components, and a spacing adjustment mechanism for accommodating circuit boards of different specifications. This invention changes sliding friction to rolling friction through the anti-wear component, achieves progressive flexible braking and precise positioning with the anti-collision component, and ensures smooth board placement by combining the material stop block and the retraction structure of the receiving plate. Simultaneously, the spacing adjustment mechanism and the inflation adjustment component work together to adaptively match different circuit board specifications, effectively solving problems such as circuit board wear, edge chipping, jamming, and positioning deviation, thus improving yield and continuous production line efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of circuit board processing technology, specifically to a loading and unloading mechanism for a circuit board chip mounter. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of electronic manufacturing and semiconductor packaging processes, with the rapid popularization of 3D packaging, high-density interconnection and PCB board technology, PCB placement machines have become the core equipment of SMT placement production lines and chip packaging lines, and are widely used in the mass production of consumer electronics, communication equipment, automotive electronics and industrial control products. 3D packaging greatly improves integration by vertically stacking chips, which puts forward more stringent requirements on the dimensional accuracy, surface integrity and edge quality of the substrate. As a key unit connecting placement, insertion and inspection processes, the loading and unloading mechanism of the placement machine directly determines the yield rate of the circuit board and the stability of the production line.

[0003] Most existing chip mounter loading and unloading mechanisms adopt an automated board receiving and unloading structure, which mainly consists of a conveyor track, a pushing component, a lifting platform, and a board receiving bin. The board receiving bin is equipped with multiple sets of equally spaced slots for layered storage of circuit boards. During operation, the circuit boards are conveyed at a constant speed by the conveyor belt and directly pushed into the slots of the board receiving bin by the pushing mechanism to complete positioning and stacking. This structure has a simple layout, controllable cost, and is suitable for high-speed assembly line operations, and is widely used in small and medium-sized chip mounter production lines and automatic board receiving machines.

[0004] However, such traditional loading and unloading mechanisms have significant drawbacks in actual operation: when circuit boards are pushed into the slot by the conveyor belt, they retain considerable conveying inertia and experience continuous sliding friction with the inner wall of the slot and the receiving rack. Under high-speed movement, the edges of the circuit boards directly impact the rigid slot, easily causing edge chipping, scratches, plating peeling, or pad damage, significantly increasing production costs. At the same time, inertial impacts can easily cause circuit boards to shift or become stuck at the slot entrance, leading to board board stoppages and requiring manual intervention to reset, reducing the efficiency of continuous production line operation. Long-term friction and impacts also accelerate the wear of the receiving rack and slot, further exacerbating positioning deviations and damage risks, making it difficult to meet the stable loading and unloading requirements of circuit boards. Therefore, further improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a loading and unloading mechanism for a circuit board placement machine to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a loading and unloading mechanism for a circuit board placement machine, comprising a loading mechanism body, a lifting platform inside the loading mechanism, a receiving compartment inside the lifting platform, and two sets of symmetrically distributed receiving racks inside the receiving compartment. The inner wall of each receiving rack has a receiving groove and a receiving slot. The inner wall of the receiving groove is provided with a receiving mechanism to prevent wear and impact on the circuit board during loading. The receiving mechanism includes a first electric push rod fixedly installed on the outer wall of the loading mechanism body, and a mounting plate fixedly installed at the output end of the first electric push rod. The outer wall of the mounting plate has two sets of symmetrically distributed receiving plates. The inner wall of each receiving plate has a limiting groove, and the inner wall of the limiting groove is provided with anti-wear components and anti-collision components. A baffle rod is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the loading mechanism body, and a baffle block is provided at the end of the baffle rod. The mounting plate has a spacing adjustment mechanism for circuit boards of different specifications inside.

[0007] Preferably, the receiving slide and receiving slot are equally spaced along the length of the receiving frame, and the receiving slot is adapted to the circuit board. The two ends of the receiving slot are designed with bevels. The distance between the two sets of receiving frames is adapted to the circuit board. The baffle rod is slidably connected to the mounting plate, and the outer wall of the baffle block is in contact with the end side wall of the circuit board.

[0008] Preferably, the length of the mounting plate is adapted to the width of the receiving plate bin, the length of the receiving plate is the same as the length of the receiving plate chute, and the end of the limiting chute away from the mounting plate is designed to be open, and the corner of the opening end of the limiting chute is designed to be angled.

[0009] Preferably, the wear-resistant component includes a roller shaft mounted on the bottom of the limiting groove via a bearing, and an inflatable roller is provided on the outer wall of the roller shaft. A limiting wheel is rotatably mounted on the inner side wall of the limiting groove. The inflatable rollers are arranged in two rows at equal intervals along the length of the limiting groove, and adjacent sets of inflatable rollers are staggered. The top outer wall of the inflatable rollers contacts the bottom outer wall of the circuit board. The limiting wheel is designed as a frustum cone, and the limiting wheels are distributed at equal intervals along the length of the limiting groove. The outer wall of the limiting wheel contacts the outer wall of the circuit board.

[0010] Preferably, the anti-collision component includes a rotating plate installed inside the receiving plate by a torsion spring, and a braking block is provided on the outer wall of the rotating plate. A squeezing slide plate is slidably installed inside the receiving plate, and a squeezing block is provided on the outer wall of the squeezing slide plate. A second electric push rod is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the mounting plate, and a push plate is fixedly installed at the output end of the second electric push rod.

[0011] Preferably, the rotating plates are distributed at equal intervals and are adapted to the roller shafts. The surface of the braking block is designed as an arc surface, and in the braking state, the surface of the braking block contacts the outer wall of the roller shaft. The extrusion slide plate is integrally designed in a "C" shape, and the length of the extrusion slide plate is adapted to the length of the receiving plate. The extrusion block is integrally designed in a trapezoid shape, and the inclined side of the extrusion block contacts the end of the rotating plate, and the extrusion blocks are distributed at equal intervals. The side of the push plate away from the second electric push rod abuts against the end of the extrusion slide plate, and a return spring is provided at the end of the extrusion slide plate away from the push plate.

[0012] Preferably, the spacing adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment block fixedly installed at the end of one of the receiving plates, and the adjustment block is slidably connected to the mounting plate. A servo motor is fixedly installed at the end of the mounting plate, and an adjustment screw rod is fixedly installed at the output end of the servo motor, and the adjustment screw rod is threadedly connected to the adjustment block. An air inflation amount adjustment component is provided at the bottom of the mounting plate for synchronously adjusting the braking effect of the air inflation roller according to different specifications of the circuit board.

[0013] Preferably, the air inflation amount adjustment component includes a piston cylinder fixedly installed at the bottom of the mounting plate, and a piston rod is slidably installed at the end of the piston cylinder. An adjustment stop block is fixedly installed at the bottom of the adjustment block, and the side wall of the adjustment stop block abuts against the end of the piston rod away from the piston cylinder. An air inflation pipe and an air extraction pipe are provided at the end of the piston cylinder, and one-way valves are provided between the piston cylinder and the air inflation pipe and the air extraction pipe.

[0014] Preferably, a connecting pipe is provided on the side wall of the receiving plate. A telescopic pipe is provided between the connecting pipes on the side walls of the two receiving plates, and two groups of telescopic pipes are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is connected to the telescopic pipe. The side wall of the connecting pipe is connected to the inside of the air inflation roller through the channel inside the roller shaft. The end of the air extraction pipe away from the piston cylinder is connected to the middle of the telescopic pipe on the side close to the mounting plate, and the end of the air inflation pipe away from the piston cylinder is connected to the middle of the telescopic pipe on the side away from the mounting plate.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In this invention, by arranging an anti-wear component composed of an air inflation roller and a frustum-shaped limiting wheel inside the receiving plate, the sliding friction of the circuit board is changed to rolling friction, and配合渐进式柔性刹停结构,从源头解决电路板推送过程中板边崩边、划痕、镀层脱落、焊盘损伤及卡板停机问题,显著提升电路板良品率,减少人工干预,保证产线连续稳定运行。

[0016] It should be noted that there is an unclear part in the content of . It says "配合渐进式柔性刹停结构" but there is no corresponding content in the original Chinese text for this part. It might be an incomplete or incorrect expression in the original text. You can check and correct it if necessary.2. This invention uses a second electric push rod, a squeezing slide plate, a rotating plate and a braking block to form an anti-collision component, which realizes the progressive flexible deceleration and precise positioning of the circuit board. With the help of the material blocking block and the retraction and extraction structure of the take-up plate, the circuit board falls smoothly into the take-up slot without rigid impact throughout the process. At the same time, it can adapt to the braking requirements of circuit boards of different weights, greatly improving the positioning accuracy of the take-up plate and the applicability of the equipment.

[0017] 3. This invention operates in conjunction with the spacing adjustment mechanism and the inflation volume adjustment component, which can automatically adjust the spacing of the receiving plates according to the width of the circuit board. It also relies on the air lag to form a front and rear gradient air pressure, adaptively adjusting the softness and hardness of the inflation rollers and the braking force. No additional drive source is required, which can realize adaptive loading and unloading of circuit boards of different specifications, reduce adjustment costs, and improve the versatility and automation level of the production line. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the plate receiving frame structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the plate-collecting mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting plate and receiving plate structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-collision component structure of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the spacing adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged structural diagram at point B.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Main body of the feeding mechanism; 2. Lifting platform; 21. Receiving bin; 22. Receiving frame; 3. Receiving chute; 31. Receiving slot; 4. First electric push rod; 41. Mounting plate; 42. Receiving plate; 43. Limiting chute; 44. Stop bar; 45. Stop block; 5. Roller shaft; 51. Inflatable roller; 52. Limiting wheel; 6. Rotating plate; 61. Braking block; 62. Extrusion slide plate; 63. Extrusion block; 64. Second electric push rod; 65. Push plate; 66. Return spring; 7. Adjusting block; 71. Servo motor; 72. Adjusting screw; 8. Piston cylinder; 81. Piston rod; 82. Adjusting stop block; 9. Connecting pipe; 91. Telescopic pipe; 92. Inflating pipe; 93. Suction pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figures 1-8 The present invention provides the following technical solution: a loading and unloading mechanism for a circuit board placement machine, comprising a loading mechanism body 1, a lifting platform 2 inside the loading mechanism body 1, a receiving chamber 21 inside the lifting platform 2, and two sets of symmetrically distributed receiving racks 22 inside the receiving chamber 21. The receiving racks 22 have receiving grooves 3 and receiving slots 31 on their inner walls. The receiving grooves 3 have receiving mechanisms to prevent the circuit boards from being worn or impacted during loading. The receiving mechanisms include a first electric push rod 4 fixedly installed on the outer wall of the loading mechanism body 1, and a mounting plate 41 fixedly installed at the output end of the first electric push rod 4. The mounting plate 41 has two sets of symmetrically distributed receiving plates 42 on its outer wall. The receiving plates 42 have limiting grooves 43 on their inner walls, and the limiting grooves 43 have anti-wear components and anti-collision components on their inner walls. A baffle rod 44 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the loading mechanism body 1, and a baffle block 45 is provided at the end of the baffle rod 44. The mounting plate 41 has a spacing adjustment mechanism for circuit boards of different specifications inside.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the board receiving slide 3 and the board receiving slot 31 are equally spaced along the length of the board receiving frame 22, and the board receiving slot 31 is adapted to the circuit board. The two ends of the board receiving slot 31 are designed with bevels. The distance between the two sets of board receiving frames 22 is adapted to the circuit board. The baffle rod 44 is slidably connected to the mounting plate 41, and the outer wall of the baffle block 45 contacts the end side wall of the circuit board to limit and block the end of the circuit board, so as to ensure that the circuit board remains stationary when the board receiving plate 42 retracts and falls smoothly into the board receiving slot 31. As one embodiment of the present invention, the length of the mounting plate 41 is adapted to the width of the receiving compartment 21, the length of the receiving plate 42 is the same as the length of the receiving slide 3, and the end of the limiting slide 43 away from the mounting plate 41 is designed to be open, and the corner of the opening end of the limiting slide 43 is designed to be angled to guide the circuit board to enter smoothly and avoid edge impact damage. In one embodiment of the present invention, the anti-wear component includes a roller shaft 5 mounted on the bottom of the limiting slide groove 43 via a bearing, and an inflatable roller 51 is provided on the outer wall of the roller shaft 5. A limiting wheel 52 is rotatably mounted on the inner side wall of the limiting slide groove 43. The inflatable rollers 51 are arranged in two rows at equal intervals along the length direction of the limiting slide groove 43, and the adjacent two sets of inflatable rollers 51 are staggered. The top outer wall of the inflatable rollers 51 contacts the bottom outer wall of the circuit board. The limiting wheel 52 is designed as a frustum cone and is distributed at equal intervals along the length direction of the limiting slide groove 43. The outer wall of the limiting wheel 52 contacts the outer wall of the circuit board. This component is used to convert the sliding friction of the circuit board into rolling friction, while providing flexible side guidance to reduce wear and displacement risks. As one embodiment of the present invention, the anti-collision component includes a rotating plate 6 installed inside the receiving plate 42 by a torsion spring, and a braking block 61 provided on the outer wall of the rotating plate 6; a pressing plate 62 slidably installed inside the receiving plate 42, and a pressing block 63 provided on the outer wall of the pressing plate 62; a second electric push rod 64 fixedly installed on the outer wall of the mounting plate 41, and a push plate 65 fixedly installed at the output end of the second electric push rod 64. In one embodiment of the present invention, the rotating plates 6 are evenly spaced and adapted to the roller shaft 5. The surface of the brake block 61 is arc-shaped and contacts the outer wall of the roller shaft 5 when braking. The extrusion slide plate 62 is generally "U"-shaped and its length is adapted to the length of the receiving plate 42. The extrusion block 63 is generally trapezoidal and its inclined side contacts the end of the rotating plate 6. The extrusion blocks 63 are evenly spaced. The side of the push plate 65 away from the second electric push rod 64 abuts against the end of the extrusion slide plate 62. A return spring 66 is provided at the end of the extrusion slide plate 62 away from the push plate 65. After the second electric actuator 64 is activated, its output end extends to push the push plate 65 forward. The push plate 65 pushes the extrusion slide plate 62 and the extrusion block 63 to move synchronously. The inclined surface of the extrusion block 63 presses the end of the rotating plate 6, causing the rotating plate 6 to deflect against the spring force of the torsion spring. This, in turn, drives the brake block 61 to gradually approach and press against the roller shaft 5, achieving a gradual and flexible braking. After the second electric actuator 64 is reset, the reset spring 66 pulls the extrusion slide plate 62 back to its original position. The rotating plate 6 rotates under the action of the torsion spring, and the brake block 61 separates from the roller shaft 5, completing the release braking and allowing the inflatable roller 51 to resume free rotation.

[0023] As one embodiment of the present invention, the spacing adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment block 7 fixedly installed at the end of one of the set of receiving plates 42, and the adjustment block 7 is slidably connected to the mounting plate 41. A servo motor 71 is fixedly installed at the end of the mounting plate 41, and an adjustment screw 72 is fixedly installed at the output end of the servo motor 71. The adjustment screw 72 is threadedly connected to the adjustment block 7. The bottom of the mounting plate 41 is provided with an inflation volume adjustment component for synchronously adjusting the braking effect of the inflatable roller 51 according to different specifications of circuit boards. The servo motor 71 drives the adjusting screw 72 to rotate. The adjusting screw 72 is threadedly engaged with the adjusting block 7, which drives the adjusting block 7 to slide along the mounting plate 41, thereby moving the collecting plate 42 to adjust the distance between the two sets of collecting plates 42 to accommodate circuit boards of different widths.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, the inflation volume adjustment assembly includes a piston cylinder 8 fixedly installed at the bottom of the mounting plate 41, and a piston rod 81 is slidably installed at the end of the piston cylinder 8. An adjustment block 82 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the adjustment block 7, and the side wall of the adjustment block 82 abuts against the end of the piston rod 81 away from the piston cylinder 8. An inflation pipe 92 and an air extraction pipe 93 are provided at the end of the piston cylinder 8, and a one-way valve is provided between the piston cylinder 8 and the inflation pipe 92 and the air extraction pipe 93. When the adjusting block 7 moves, it drives the adjusting stop block 82 to move synchronously. The adjusting stop block 82 pushes or pulls the piston rod 81 to slide inside the piston cylinder 8, which, together with the one-way valve, realizes the action of evacuating or inflating air, providing power for the air pressure adjustment of the inflation roller 51.

[0025] As one embodiment of the present invention, the side wall of the receiving plate 42 is provided with a connecting pipe 9, and a telescopic pipe 91 is provided between the two sets of connecting pipes 9 on the side walls of the receiving plate 42. The telescopic pipes 91 are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the connecting pipes 9, and the connecting pipes 9 and the telescopic pipes 91 are connected. The side wall of the connecting pipe 9 is connected to the inside of the inflation roller 51 through the channel inside the roller shaft 5. The end of the suction pipe 93 away from the piston cylinder 8 is connected to the middle of the telescopic pipe 91 on the side close to the mounting plate 41, and the end of the inflation pipe 92 away from the piston cylinder 8 is connected to the middle of the telescopic pipe 91 on the side away from the mounting plate 41. During evacuation, gas is drawn out from the telescopic pipe 91 on the side closest to the mounting plate 41. Due to the lag in the transmission of gas through the air path and the telescopic pipe 91, the gas in the inflation roller 51 gradually decreases from the open end of the receiving plate 42 to the end of the mounting plate 41, forming a gradient distribution where the air pressure at the rear end is lower than that at the front end, thus improving the braking force at the end. During inflation, gas enters through the telescopic pipe 91 on the side furthest from the mounting plate 41, first filling the inflation roller 51 at the open end, and then filling the rear end, forming a uniform pressurization with a slightly lower air pressure at the front end, ensuring smooth propulsion and appropriate braking at the end.

[0026] As one embodiment of the present invention, when the board mounting machine uses the loading and unloading mechanism, the whole operation is linked with the board mounting production line. After the board completes all processing steps such as mounting and packaging, it is smoothly transported by the production line conveyor belt at a constant speed until it reaches the designated receiving position of the unloading mechanism body 1. The board mounting machine control system sends a loading signal, the pushing mechanism moves, and pushes the board out at a uniform speed in the horizontal direction, so that the board is accurately aligned with the opening end of the limiting groove 43 on the receiving plate 42, ready to enter the receiving process. When the circuit board is pushed into the limiting slide 43, its bottom contacts the multiple sets of inflatable rollers 51 inside the limiting slide 43, and its side is in contact with the frustum-shaped limiting wheel 52. The inflatable rollers 51 are arranged in two staggered rows along the length of the limiting slide 43, which transforms the sliding friction of the bottom of the circuit board into rolling friction. The frustum-shaped limiting wheel 52 flexibly guides and limits the side of the circuit board, preventing the circuit board from shifting or scraping against the inner wall of the slide. This reduces problems such as edge chipping, surface scratches, plating peeling, and pad damage of the circuit board from the source, achieving low-wear conveying. As the circuit board enters the limiting slide 43, the second electric push rod 64 receives a signal from the control system and starts, extending its output end to push the push plate 65 forward synchronously. The push plate 65 then pushes the extrusion slide 62 to slide along the inside of the receiving plate 42. The trapezoidal extrusion block 63 on the extrusion slide 62 moves forward accordingly, using the trapezoidal inclined surface to gradually extrude the end of the rotating plate 6, forcing the rotating plate 6 to deflect against the torsion spring force. As the rotating plate 6 deflects, the arc-shaped braking block 61 on the outer wall gradually approaches the roller shaft 5, achieving a gradual and flexible deceleration braking, rather than an instantaneous hard braking, effectively preventing the circuit board from shifting position, jamming, or being damaged by impact due to inertial impact. When the circuit board is fully inside the limiting slide 43 and reaches the designated receiving position, the braking block 61 is tightly fitted with the roller shaft 5, completely stopping and accurately positioning the circuit board, preparing it for subsequent receiving. After the circuit board completes precise braking and positioning, the second electric push rod 64 resets according to the control command, the output end retracts and drives the push plate 65 to retract; the squeezing slide plate 62 slides in the opposite direction synchronously under the elastic force of the reset spring 66, and the trapezoidal squeezing block 63 releases the squeezing of the end of the rotating plate 6. The rotating plate 6 rotates in the opposite direction under the reset torque of the torsion spring, driving the braking block 61 to gradually separate from the roller shaft 5, completing the release and braking operation of the roller shaft 5 and the circuit board, so that the inflatable roller 51 returns to the free rolling state, avoiding rigid friction between the retracting plate 42 and the circuit board when it retracts, and ensuring that the circuit board remains stationary under the constraint of the stop and is not scratched; After the release and braking are completed, the first electric actuator 4 starts, and the output end retracts, driving the mounting plate 41 and the two sets of receiving plates 42 to retract at a uniform speed away from the conveyor belt. During this process, the baffle rod 44 and the baffle block 45 remain fixed. The outer wall of the baffle block 45 tightly abuts against the side wall of the circuit board end, forming a stable resistance constraint on the circuit board and keeping it stationary. As the receiving plates 42 continue to retract, they are gradually pulled out from the receiving slide 3 on the receiving frame 22. The bottom of the circuit board loses support and falls smoothly and vertically into the corresponding receiving slot 31 on the receiving frame 22 under the action of gravity. The receiving slot 31 has a beveled design at both ends, which can further guide the circuit board to enter smoothly, completing the single unloading and layered receiving operation. Then, the lifting platform 2 descends at the set interval, so that the next set of empty receiving slots 31 are aligned with the limiting slide 43, ready to receive the next circuit board, realizing continuous automated receiving. When adapting to circuit boards of different widths and weights, the mechanism can adaptively adjust. For wider and heavier circuit boards, the distance between the two sets of receiving frames 22 is first adjusted to match the width of the circuit board. Then, the servo motor 71 is activated, and its output shaft drives the adjusting screw 72 to rotate at a constant speed. The adjusting screw 72 and the adjusting block 7 are driven by a threaded connection, causing the adjusting block 7 to slide outwards along the mounting plate 41. This, in turn, causes a set of receiving plates 42 to move synchronously, widening the distance between the two sets of receiving plates 42, so that the width of the limiting slide groove 43 matches the widened circuit board. Simultaneously, the adjusting stop 82 at the bottom of the adjusting block 7 moves outwards, pulling the piston rod 81 to slide inside the piston cylinder 8. The piston cylinder 8, through the air passage composed of the suction pipe 93, the telescopic pipe 91, and the connecting pipe 9, draws gas from the inflatable roller 51 near the mounting plate 41. As the circuit board is gradually pulled out from one side, the air pressure of the multiple sets of inflatable rollers 51 will show a gradient difference between the front and rear ends due to the influence of the air path and the layout of the telescopic tube 91. The gas gradually decreases from the opening end of the receiving plate 42 to the mounting plate 41, forming a distribution state where the air pressure at the rear end is lower than that at the front end. The inflatable rollers 51 closer to the end of the circuit board push have lower air pressure, greater deformation, and stronger friction. This can provide stronger end braking force after the circuit board is fully inserted, preventing the heavy-duty circuit board from rushing out of the limiting slide groove 43 due to inertia. This makes the progressive braking more stable and the positioning more accurate, significantly improving the braking stability and anti-collision effect of the heavy-duty circuit board. At the same time, the overall air pressure of the inflatable rollers 51 decreases, and the deformation increases after being compressed, increasing the contact area with the bottom of the circuit board. This further improves the braking friction and buffer anti-collision effect, perfectly matching the stable braking requirements of the heavy-duty circuit board. To handle narrower and lighter circuit boards, the servo motor 71 is started in reverse, and the adjusting screw 72 drives the adjusting block 7 to slide inward, reducing the distance between the two sets of receiving plates 42 to accommodate the narrower board. The adjusting stop 82 then moves inward, pushing the piston rod 81 to reset inside the piston cylinder 8. The piston cylinder 8 replenishes air to the inflation roller 51 through the air passage via the air pipe 92. Due to the lag in the air passage path and the layout of the telescopic pipe 91, the air is first replenished to the inflation roller 51 at the open end of the receiving plate 42, and then gradually fills the mounting plate 41 end, causing the inflation roller to... The air pressure of roller 51 gradually increases from the front end to the rear end, forming a uniform pressurization state where the air pressure at the front end is slightly lower than that at the rear end. This ensures smooth and unobstructed propulsion of the circuit board in the initial stage, while also providing appropriate braking force at the end. This avoids problems such as jamming or surface deformation of lightly loaded circuit boards due to excessive air pressure and friction. The overall air pressure of inflatable roller 51 is increased, deformation is reduced, and the contact area with the bottom of the circuit board is reduced, resulting in moderate friction. This enables gentle transport, smooth transition, and precise braking of lightly loaded circuit boards, balancing smooth transport and accurate positioning.

[0027] Working principle: When the board mounting machine uses the loading and unloading mechanism, it works in conjunction with the board mounting production line. After the board completes all processing steps such as mounting and encapsulation, it is smoothly transported by the production line conveyor belt at a constant speed until it reaches the designated receiving position of the unloading mechanism body 1. The board mounting machine control system sends a loading signal, and the pushing mechanism moves to push the board out at a uniform speed in the horizontal direction, so that the board is accurately aligned with the opening end of the limit groove 43 on the receiving plate 42, ready to enter the receiving process. When the circuit board is pushed into the limiting slide 43, its bottom contacts the multiple sets of inflatable rollers 51 inside the limiting slide 43, and its side is in contact with the frustum-shaped limiting wheel 52. The inflatable rollers 51 are arranged in two staggered rows along the length of the limiting slide 43, which transforms the sliding friction of the bottom of the circuit board into rolling friction. The frustum-shaped limiting wheel 52 flexibly guides and limits the side of the circuit board, preventing the circuit board from shifting or scraping against the inner wall of the slide. This reduces problems such as edge chipping, surface scratches, plating peeling, and pad damage of the circuit board from the source, achieving low-wear conveying. As the circuit board enters the limiting slide 43, the second electric push rod 64 receives a signal from the control system and starts, extending its output end to push the push plate 65 forward synchronously. The push plate 65 then pushes the extrusion slide 62 to slide along the inside of the receiving plate 42. The trapezoidal extrusion block 63 on the extrusion slide 62 moves forward accordingly, using the trapezoidal inclined surface to gradually extrude the end of the rotating plate 6, forcing the rotating plate 6 to deflect against the torsion spring force. As the rotating plate 6 deflects, the arc-shaped braking block 61 on its outer wall gradually approaches the roller shaft 5, achieving a gradual and flexible deceleration braking, rather than an instantaneous hard braking, effectively preventing the circuit board from shifting position, jamming, or being damaged by impact due to inertial impact. When the circuit board is fully inside the limiting slide 43 and reaches the designated receiving position, the braking block 61 is tightly fitted with the roller shaft 5, completely stopping and accurately positioning the circuit board, preparing it for subsequent receiving. After the circuit board completes its braking and positioning, the second electric push rod 64 resets according to the control command, its output end retracts and drives the push plate 65 to retract; the squeezing slide plate 62 slides synchronously in the opposite direction under the elastic force of the return spring 66, and the trapezoidal squeezing block 63 releases its squeezing of the end of the rotating plate 6. The rotating plate 6 rotates in the opposite direction under the return torque of the torsion spring, driving the braking block 61 to gradually separate from the roller shaft 5, completing the release and braking operation between the roller shaft 5 and the circuit board, so that the inflatable roller 51 returns to its free rolling state, avoiding rigid friction between the retracting plate 42 and the circuit board when it retracts, and ensuring that the circuit board remains stationary under the constraint of the retaining block and is not scratched; the first electric push rod 4 starts, its output end retracts, and drives the mounting plate 41 and the two sets of retracting plates 42 to move evenly away from the conveyor belt. Rapid retraction; during this process, the baffle rod 44 and the baffle block 45 remain fixed, and the outer wall of the baffle block 45 tightly abuts against the end side wall of the circuit board, forming a stable resistance constraint on the circuit board and keeping the circuit board stationary; as the receiving plate 42 continues to retract, the receiving plate 42 is gradually pulled out from the receiving slide 3 on the receiving frame 22, and the bottom of the circuit board loses support and falls smoothly and vertically into the corresponding receiving slot 31 on the receiving frame 22 under the action of gravity; the receiving slot 31 has a beveled design at both ends, which can further guide the circuit board to enter smoothly, completing the single unloading and layered receiving operation; then the lifting platform 2 descends at the set interval, so that the next set of empty receiving slots 31 are aligned with the limiting slide 43, ready to receive the next circuit board, realizing continuous automated receiving; When adapting to circuit boards of different widths and weights, the mechanism can adaptively adjust. For circuit boards that are wider and heavier, the distance between the two sets of receiving frames 22 is first adjusted to match the width of the circuit board. Then, the servo motor 71 is activated, and its output shaft drives the adjusting screw 72 to rotate at a constant speed. The adjusting screw 72 and the adjusting block 7 are driven by a threaded connection, causing the adjusting block 7 to slide outwards along the mounting plate 41. This, in turn, causes a set of receiving plates 42 to move synchronously, widening the distance between the two sets of receiving plates 42, so that the width of the limiting slide groove 43 matches the widened circuit board. Simultaneously, the adjusting stop 82 at the bottom of the adjusting block 7 moves outwards, pulling the piston rod 81 to slide inside the piston cylinder 8. The piston cylinder 8, through the air passage composed of the suction pipe 93, the telescopic pipe 91, and the connecting pipe 9, draws gas from the inflatable roller 51 near the mounting plate. As the circuit board is gradually pulled out from one side of 41, the air pressure of the multiple sets of inflatable rollers 51 will show a gradient difference between the front and rear ends due to the influence of the air path and the layout of the telescopic tube 91. The gas gradually decreases from the opening end of the receiving plate 42 to the mounting plate 41, forming a distribution state in which the air pressure at the rear end is lower than that at the front end. The inflatable rollers 51 closer to the end of the circuit board push have lower air pressure, greater deformation, and stronger friction. This can provide stronger end braking force after the circuit board is fully inserted, preventing the heavy-duty circuit board from rushing out of the limiting groove 43 due to inertia. This makes the progressive braking more stable and the positioning more accurate, significantly improving the braking stability and anti-collision effect of the heavy-duty circuit board. At the same time, the overall air pressure of the inflatable rollers 51 decreases, and the deformation increases after being compressed, increasing the contact area with the bottom of the circuit board. This further improves the braking friction and buffer anti-collision effect, perfectly adapting to the stable braking requirements of the heavy-duty circuit board.

[0028] If processing a narrower and lighter circuit board, the servo motor 71 is started in reverse, and the adjusting screw 72 drives the adjusting block 7 to slide inward, reducing the distance between the two sets of receiving plates 42 to accommodate the narrower board; the adjusting stop 82 moves inward accordingly, pushing the piston rod 81 to reset inside the piston cylinder 8, and the piston cylinder 8 replenishes air into the inflation roller 51 through the air passage via the air pipe 92; due to the lag effect of the air passage path and the layout of the telescopic pipe 91, the gas is first replenished to the inflation roller 51 at the open end of the receiving plate 42, and then gradually fills the mounting plate 41 end, thus inflating. The air pressure of roller 51 gradually increases from the front end to the rear end, forming a uniform pressurization state where the air pressure at the front end is slightly lower than that at the rear end. This ensures smooth and unobstructed initial propulsion of the circuit board while providing appropriate braking force at the end, preventing problems such as jamming or surface deformation of lightly loaded circuit boards due to excessive air pressure and friction. The overall air pressure of the inflatable roller 51 is increased, deformation is reduced, the contact area with the bottom of the circuit board is reduced, and the friction is moderate, enabling gentle transport, smooth transition, and precise braking of lightly loaded circuit boards, balancing smooth transport and positioning accuracy. Throughout the entire process, the wear-resistant components, anti-collision components, spacing adjustment mechanism, and inflation volume adjustment component work together in a coordinated manner. Relying on the air lag to form a front-to-back gradient air pressure, it achieves flexible control of the entire process of circuit board pushing, deceleration, braking, and slotting. There is no rigid impact, no severe friction, and no jamming damage throughout the process. It can stably adapt to the loading and unloading needs of circuit boards of different sizes and weights, continuously ensuring board receiving accuracy, circuit board integrity, and product yield. At the same time, there is no need for frequent manual parameter adjustments, realizing continuous automated board receiving operations, which greatly improves the overall operating efficiency of the production line and the versatility of the equipment.

[0029] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A loading and unloading mechanism for a circuit board placement machine, comprising a loading mechanism body (1), wherein a lifting platform (2) is provided inside the loading mechanism, and a receiving bin (21) is provided inside the lifting platform (2), and two sets of symmetrically distributed receiving racks (22) are provided inside the receiving bin (21), characterized in that: The inner wall of the receiving rack (22) is provided with a receiving slide groove (3) and a receiving slot (31). The inner wall of the receiving slide groove (3) is provided with a receiving mechanism to prevent the circuit board from being worn and impacted during the unloading process. The receiving mechanism includes a first electric push rod (4) fixedly installed on the outer wall of the unloading mechanism body (1). The output end of the first electric push rod (4) is fixedly installed with a mounting plate (41). The outer wall of the mounting plate (41) is provided with two sets of symmetrically distributed receiving plates (42). The inner wall of the receiving plate (42) is provided with a limiting slide groove (43). The inner wall of the limiting slide groove (43) is provided with anti-wear components and anti-collision components. The outer wall of the unloading mechanism body (1) is fixedly provided with a baffle rod (44). The end of the baffle rod (44) is provided with a baffle block (45). The mounting plate (41) is provided with a spacing adjustment mechanism for circuit boards of different specifications.

2. The loading and unloading mechanism for a circuit board placement machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The board receiving groove (3) and board receiving slot (31) are equally spaced along the length of the board receiving frame (22), and the board receiving slot (31) is adapted to the circuit board. The two ends of the board receiving slot (31) are designed with bevels. The distance between the two sets of board receiving frames (22) is adapted to the circuit board. The baffle rod (44) is slidably connected to the mounting plate (41), and the outer wall of the baffle block (45) is in contact with the end side wall of the circuit board.

3. The loading and unloading mechanism for a circuit board placement machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the mounting plate (41) is adapted to the width of the receiving plate bin (21), the length of the receiving plate (42) is the same as the length of the receiving plate chute (3), and the end of the limiting chute (43) away from the mounting plate (41) is designed to be open, and the corner of the opening end of the limiting chute (43) is designed to be angled.

4. The loading and unloading mechanism for a circuit board placement machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wear-resistant component includes a roller shaft (5) mounted on the bottom of the limiting groove (43) via a bearing, and an inflatable roller (51) is provided on the outer wall of the roller shaft (5). A limiting wheel (52) is rotatably installed on the inner side wall of the limiting groove (43). The inflatable roller (51) is arranged in two rows at equal intervals along the length of the limiting groove (43), and the adjacent two sets of inflatable rollers (51) are staggered. The top outer wall of the inflatable roller (51) is in contact with the bottom outer wall of the circuit board. The limiting wheel (52) is designed as a frustum cone, and the limiting wheel (52) is distributed at equal intervals along the length of the limiting groove (43). The outer wall of the limiting wheel (52) is in contact with the outer wall of the circuit board.

5. The loading and unloading mechanism for a circuit board placement machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-collision assembly includes a rotating plate (6) installed inside the receiving plate (42) by a torsion spring, and a braking block (61) is provided on the outer wall of the rotating plate (6). A squeezing slide plate (62) is slidably installed inside the receiving plate (42), and a squeezing block (63) is provided on the outer wall of the squeezing slide plate (62). A second electric push rod (64) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the mounting plate (41), and a push plate (65) is fixedly installed at the output end of the second electric push rod (64).

6. The loading and unloading mechanism for a circuit board placement machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotating plates (6) are arranged at equal intervals and are adapted to the roller shafts (5). The surface of the braking block (61) is designed as an arc surface, and in the braking state, the surface of the braking block (61) contacts the outer wall of the roller shaft (5). The extrusion slide plate (62) is integrally designed in an "L" shape, and the length of the extrusion slide plate (62) is adapted to the length of the receiving plate (42). The extrusion block (63) is integrally designed in a trapezoidal shape, and the inclined side of the extrusion block (63) contacts the end of the rotating plate (not provided in the original text, assuming it should be here), and the extrusion blocks (63) are arranged at equal intervals. The side of the push plate (65) away from the second electric push rod (64) abuts against the end of the extrusion slide plate (62), and a return spring (66) is provided at the end of the extrusion slide plate (62) away from the push plate (65).

7. The loading and unloading mechanism for a circuit board placement machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment block (7) fixedly installed at the end of one set of receiving plates (42), and the adjustment block (7) is slidably connected to the mounting plate (41). A servo motor (71) is fixedly installed at the end of the mounting plate (41), and an adjustment screw rod (72) is fixedly installed at the output end of the servo motor (71), and the adjustment screw rod (72) is threadedly connected to the adjustment block (7). A pneumatic inflation amount adjustment component is provided at the bottom of the mounting plate (41) for synchronously adjusting the braking effect of the pneumatic rollers (51) according to circuit boards of different specifications.

8. The loading and unloading mechanism for a circuit board placement machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pneumatic inflation amount adjustment component includes a piston cylinder (8) fixedly installed at the bottom of the mounting plate (41), and a piston rod (81) is slidably installed at the end of the piston cylinder (8). An adjustment stop block (82) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the adjustment block (7), and the side wall of the adjustment stop block (82) abuts against the end of the piston rod (81) away from the piston cylinder (8). An inflation pipe (92) and an air extraction pipe (93) are provided at the end of the piston cylinder (8), and one-way valves are provided between the piston cylinder (8) and the inflation pipe (92) and the air extraction pipe (93).

9. The loading and unloading mechanism for a circuit board placement machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: A connecting pipe (9) is provided on the side wall of the receiving plate (42). A telescopic pipe (91) is provided between the connecting pipes (9) on the side walls of the two receiving plates (42), and two groups of telescopic pipes (91) are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the connecting pipe (9), and the connecting pipe (9) is communicated with the telescopic pipe (91). The side wall of the connecting pipe (9) is communicated with the inside of the pneumatic roller (51) through the channel inside the roller shaft (5). The end of the air extraction pipe (93) away from the piston cylinder (8) is communicated with the middle of the telescopic pipe (91) on the side close to the mounting plate (41), and the end of the inflation pipe (92) away from the piston cylinder (8) is communicated with the middle of the telescopic pipe (91) on the side away from the mounting plate (41). It should be noted that there seems to be an error in the description of the shape of the extrusion slide plate in the original text. It is described as "匚”形 which might be incorrect. I translated it as "L" shape based on common sense. Also, there seems to be a missing part in the description of the contact relationship of the extrusion block in the first paragraph. I added the relevant content in brackets according to the context. Please check and correct according to the actual situation.

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