A solar cell and photovoltaic module

Abstract

This invention discloses a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes a cell body, a contact electrode layer, a current-conducting layer, and grid electrodes. The solar cell has a first direction and a second direction that are perpendicular to each other. The contact electrode layer is disposed on the cell body and includes multiple linear contact electrodes extending along the first direction and several point contact electrodes. The multiple linear contact electrodes are spaced apart along the second direction, and the point contact electrodes are disposed between adjacent linear contact electrodes. The current-conducting layer covers the contact electrode layer and fills the spaces between adjacent point contact electrodes and between point and linear contact electrodes, forming a transparent conductive layer. Grid electrodes are disposed on the current-conducting layer and correspond one-to-one with the linear contact electrodes. Therefore, this invention solves the technical problem of low leakage current Isc caused by light shading of the grid electrodes, further improving the cell efficiency Eff.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Solar thin-film batteries, also known as solar cells or photovoltaic cells, are photoelectric devices that directly generate electricity using sunlight. Due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency, solar cells are widely used in solar power systems. To efficiently extract current, many practical solar cells are bifacial type, where electrodes are formed on both the light-receiving side and the opposite back side. Bifacial type solar cells have electrodes on both sides of a semiconductor substrate. Sunlight is received from the light-receiving side, generating electron-hole pairs internally, which then extract current through the electrodes on both sides.

[0003] However, in such bifacial solar cells, electrodes are also formed on the light-receiving side to efficiently conduct current. Therefore, the electrodes on the light-receiving side block sunlight, leading to a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency. Short-circuit current (Isc) and fill factor (FF) are two important parameters for measuring solar cell efficiency. Typically, increasing the number of grid electrodes increases the fill factor (FF), but research has found that increasing the number of grid electrodes simultaneously decreases the short-circuit current (Isc), resulting in a decrease in cell efficiency. Therefore, maximizing both short-circuit current and fill factor is a crucial research topic for improving cell efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a solar cell and a photovoltaic module to further improve battery efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention provides a solar cell, comprising:

[0006] Battery body;

[0007] A contact electrode layer is disposed on the battery body and includes a plurality of linear contact electrodes extending along a first direction and a plurality of point contact electrodes. The plurality of linear contact electrodes are arranged at intervals along a second direction; the point contact electrodes are disposed between adjacent linear contact electrodes.

[0008] A current-conducting layer covers the contact electrode layer and fills the spaces between adjacent point-like contact electrodes and between point-like contact electrodes and line-like contact electrodes; the current-conducting layer is a transparent conductive layer.

[0009] The grid line electrodes are disposed on the current conduction layer and correspond one-to-one with the linear contact electrodes.

[0010] According to one aspect of the present invention, a photovoltaic module is also provided, the photovoltaic module comprising:

[0011] Photovoltaic unit, wherein the photovoltaic unit is the aforementioned solar cell;

[0012] A cover plate is installed on the light-receiving side of the photovoltaic unit;

[0013] Backsheet, located on the back side of the photovoltaic unit;

[0014] And encapsulating films used to encapsulate cover plates, photovoltaic units and backsheets into one unit.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the solar cell and photovoltaic module of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The solar cell of the present invention includes a cell body, a contact electrode layer, a current-conducting layer, and grid electrodes. The solar cell has a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to each other. The contact electrode layer is disposed on the cell body and includes a plurality of linear contact electrodes extending along the first direction and a plurality of point contact electrodes. The plurality of linear contact electrodes are spaced apart along the second direction, and the point contact electrodes are disposed between adjacent linear contact electrodes. The current-conducting layer covers the contact electrode layer and fills the spaces between adjacent point contact electrodes and between point and linear contact electrodes; the current-conducting layer is a transparent conductive layer. Grid electrodes are disposed on the current-conducting layer and correspond one-to-one with the linear contact electrodes. Thus, the present invention forms point contact electrodes between adjacent grid electrodes. By setting the point contact electrodes, the spacing between the grid electrodes can be appropriately increased, the number of grid electrodes can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the irradiated light can be improved. Furthermore, the point contact electrodes are small in size, do not block light, and also have a certain light diffraction effect, increasing the amount of light incident on the solar cell body. The current conduction layer can act as an electrical connection layer to connect the independent point contact electrodes and line contact electrodes, and output the photogenerated current from the grid line electrode. This solves the technical problem of small leakage current Isc caused by the grid line electrode shading, optimizes the leakage current Isc and fill factor FF, and thus maximizes the battery efficiency Eff.

[0017] The photovoltaic module of the present invention includes the above-mentioned solar cell and also possesses the above-mentioned technical effects. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a top view of the solar cell in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0020] Figure 3 For along Figure 1Sectional view at point B-B';

[0021] Figure 4 For along Figure 1 Sectional view at C-C'.

[0022] Illustration of reference numerals in the attached diagram:

[0023] 100. Battery body; 201. Linear contact electrode; 202. Point contact electrode; 210. Ohmic contact layer; 220. Metal coating layer; 300. Current conduction layer; 400. Grid line electrode; 401. Grid line electrode body; 402. Thickened metal layer; 500. Transparent insulating layer; X, first direction; Y, second direction. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0025] It should be understood that the illustrations provided in the embodiments of this invention are merely schematic representations of the basic concept of the invention. Although the illustrations only show components relevant to the invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape, and size of components in implementation, the shape, quantity, and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed in actual implementation, and the component layout may also be more complex. The structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings are only used to complement the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in the art to understand and read, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which this application can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportional relationships, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this application.

[0026] To further improve battery efficiency, this embodiment provides a solar cell, comprising: a solar cell having a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to each other, the solar cell comprising:

[0027] Battery body;

[0028] A contact electrode layer is disposed on the battery body and includes a plurality of linear contact electrodes extending along a first direction and a plurality of point contact electrodes. The plurality of linear contact electrodes are arranged at intervals along a second direction; the point contact electrodes are disposed between adjacent linear contact electrodes.

[0029] A current-conducting layer covers the contact electrode layer and fills the spaces between adjacent point-like contact electrodes and between point-like contact electrodes and line-like contact electrodes. The current-conducting layer is a transparent conductive layer.

[0030] The grid line electrodes are disposed on the current conducting layer and correspond one-to-one with the linear contact electrodes. In this embodiment, point contact electrodes are formed between adjacent grid line electrodes. By setting the point contact electrodes, the spacing between the grid line electrodes can be appropriately increased, the number of grid line electrodes can be reduced, and thus the utilization rate of the irradiated light and the battery efficiency can be improved.

[0031] Optionally, along the second direction, the size of the point contact electrode is smaller than that of the line contact electrode to avoid the point contact electrode from blocking light. At the same time, several point contact electrodes can replace part of the grid line electrode, reducing the number of grid line electrodes.

[0032] Optionally, the spacing between adjacent grid line electrodes is between 500 μm and 3000 μm. This increases the spacing between the grid line electrodes, which reduces the area of ​​light blocking and is beneficial to battery efficiency.

[0033] Optionally, the point contact electrode is formed in a cylindrical shape, with a diameter between 4 μm and 20 μm. The point contact electrode in this embodiment is small in size, does not block light, and also has a certain light diffraction effect, increasing the amount of light incident on the solar cell.

[0034] Optionally, the spacing between adjacent point contact electrodes is between 50 μm and 400 μm, which can create better diffraction conditions to match the spacing of the grid electrodes and achieve optimal leakage current and battery efficiency.

[0035] Optionally, in the direction perpendicular to the electrode body, the height of each point contact electrode is between 500 Å and 1500 Å. This setting is beneficial for forming suitable diffraction conditions and increasing the light incident on the cell.

[0036] Optionally, in the top-view projection direction, the area of ​​the grid line electrode occupies between 1.5% and 5% of the solar cell area to ensure that the area of ​​the grid line electrode is too small and does not affect the current transmission.

[0037] Optionally, the width of the gate electrode is between 5 μm and 20 μm to ensure current transmission performance.

[0038] Optionally, the thickness of the transparent conductive layer is between 0.1 μm and 2 μm in the direction perpendicular to the electrode body.

[0039] Optionally, the grid electrode includes a grid electrode body and a thickened metal layer covering the grid electrode body. The thickened metal layer can improve current transmission capability, reduce battery series resistance, and improve battery fill factor.

[0040] Optionally, the solar cell also includes:

[0041] A transparent insulating layer is disposed on the current conducting layer between adjacent gate line electrodes.

[0042] Optionally, the thickness of the transparent insulating layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the gate electrode body.

[0043] Optionally, the thickness of the thickened metal layer is between 2 μm and 10 μm.

[0044] Optionally, the electrode contact layer includes:

[0045] An ohmic contact layer is disposed on the battery body;

[0046] A metal cladding layer is disposed on the ohmic contact layer and covers the sides of the ohmic contact layer.

[0047] Optionally, the battery body includes a photoelectric conversion layer, which includes an electron transport layer, a light absorption layer, and a hole transport layer stacked sequentially.

[0048] This embodiment also provides a photovoltaic module, including:

[0049] Photovoltaic unit, wherein the photovoltaic unit is the aforementioned solar cell;

[0050] A cover plate is installed on the light-receiving side of the photovoltaic unit;

[0051] Backsheet, located on the back side of the photovoltaic unit;

[0052] And an encapsulating film for integrating the cover plate, photovoltaic unit, and backsheet. The photovoltaic module of this embodiment includes the aforementioned solar cell, which also possesses good cell efficiency.

[0053] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] This embodiment provides a solar cell, as shown in the reference. Figure 1 and Figure 3 The solar cell includes a cell body 100, a contact electrode layer, a current conducting layer 300, and a grid electrode 400.

[0056] The battery body 100 includes a photoelectric functional conversion layer (not shown in the figure), which is used to generate and transport photogenerated carriers to generate current under illumination. Optionally, the photoelectric functional conversion layer may include an electron transport layer, a light absorption layer, and a hole transport layer stacked sequentially. The light absorption layer is used to generate photogenerated carriers. Electrons in the photogenerated carriers are transported to one electrode through the electron transport layer, and holes in the photogenerated carriers are transported to the other electrode through the hole transport layer.

[0057] The light-absorbing layer can be an organic light-absorbing layer, a perovskite layer, a copper indium gallium selenide layer, or a cadmium telluride layer, etc. The organic light-absorbing layer includes a binary or multi-component blend film of at least one electron donor and at least one electron acceptor material. The electron donor material can be at least one of polymers PTB7-Th, PBDB-T, PM6, D18, and their derivatives. The electron acceptor material can be at least one of PCBM, ITIC, Y6 materials, and their derivatives. When the light-absorbing layer is a perovskite layer, the material can include one or more of three-dimensional and two-dimensional perovskites, such as methylamine lead iodine, formamidinium lead iodine, cesium lead iodine, and various composite cations and anions. The electron transport layer can be, for example, zinc oxide (ZnO) or titanium oxide (TiO2). The hole transport layer can be, for example, molybdenum oxide (MoO3) or nickel oxide (NiOx).

[0058] Optionally, the battery body 100 also includes a substrate (not shown in the figure), on which a photoelectric conversion layer is disposed to provide support. The substrate can be a glass substrate or a flexible substrate. The substrate material can include various flexible materials, such as polymer resins, such as polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyarylate, polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), or cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), etc.

[0059] Reference Figure 1 or Figure 3 The grid electrode 400 is disposed on the battery body 100 and is used to form a connection with the hole transport layer or electron transport layer in the battery body 100 so as to output the photogenerated current.

[0060] However, short-circuit current Isc and fill factor FF are two important parameters for measuring the efficiency of solar cells. Typically, increasing the number of grid electrodes 400 increases the fill factor FF, but research has found that increasing the number of grid electrodes 400 simultaneously decreases the short-circuit current Isc, leading to a decrease in cell efficiency Eff. To further maximize both the short-circuit current Isc and the fill factor FF of the solar cell, this embodiment provides a contact electrode layer and a current-conducting layer 300 between the grid electrodes 400 and the cell body 100. This contact electrode layer includes linear contact electrodes 201 and point contact electrodes 202. By using point contact electrodes 202, the increase in the number of grid electrodes 400 is reduced, thereby improving the fill factor FF and preventing a decrease in the short-circuit current Isc.

[0061] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 or Figure 2 A solar cell is defined to have a first direction X and a second direction Y that are perpendicular to each other. Each linear contact electrode 201 extends along the first direction X to cover the span of the cell body in the first direction X.

[0062] Multiple linear contact electrodes 201 are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y. Optionally, the linear contact electrodes 201 are arranged at equal intervals. Of course, non-equal intervals are also possible. Optionally, each linear contact electrode 201 includes an ohmic contact layer 210 and a metal cladding layer 220. The ohmic contact layer 210 is disposed on the battery body 100 to achieve ohmic contact and current spread. Optionally, the material of the ohmic contact layer 210 can be one or more of silver, aluminum, nickel, or cadmium. The metal cladding layer 220 is disposed on the ohmic contact layer 210 and covers the sides of the ohmic contact layer 210 to prevent electromigration or diffusion of the metal within the contact during high-temperature processing or long-term operation. Optionally, the material of the metal cladding layer 220 can be one or more of nickel, titanium, platinum, gold, or titanium-tungsten alloy.

[0063] A plurality of point-like contact electrodes 202 are disposed between adjacent linear contact electrodes 201. Optionally, each point-like contact electrode 202 also includes an ohmic contact layer 210 and a metal cladding layer 220, the functions and materials of which are the same as those of the linear contact electrodes 201, and will not be described again here. Optionally, the top-view projected area of ​​the linear contact electrodes 201 and the point-like contact electrodes 202 in the direction of the battery body 100 is greater than or equal to the top-view projected area of ​​their corresponding ohmic contact layers 210.

[0064] Optionally, the linear contact electrode 201 and the point contact electrode 202 can be formed based on the same process step. For example, after forming the battery body 100 structure, an ohmic contact layer 210 is first formed on the battery body 100. Based on the mask design of the linear contact electrode 201 and the point contact electrode 202, the ohmic contact layer 210 is etched to form patterned ohmic contact layers 210 corresponding to the linear contact electrode 201 and the point contact electrode 202, respectively. Subsequently, a metal cladding layer 220 is formed on the patterned ohmic contact layer 210. A portion of the metal cladding layer 220 between adjacent patterned ohmic contact layers 210 is etched away to form the linear contact electrode 201 and the point contact electrode 202.

[0065] Thus, the point-shaped contact electrode 202 is formed between adjacent linear contact electrodes 201, so that the spacing D1 between adjacent grid line electrodes 400 can be between 500μm and 3000μm. This expands the spacing between the grid line electrodes 400, preventing the grid line electrodes 400 from blocking the light incident on the battery body 100. At the same time, the point-shaped contact electrode 202 can also collect the generated charge carriers to maximize the short-circuit current Isc and the fill factor FF.

[0066] Optionally, along the second direction Y, the size of the point-like contact electrode 202 is smaller than the size of the linear contact electrode 201 to avoid the point-like contact electrode 202 blocking light. Optionally, the point-like contact electrode 202 is formed into a cylindrical shape, and its diameter can be appropriately selected according to the set density, but the diameter of the point-like contact electrode 202 must be between 4 μm and 20 μm. Optionally, the width of the linear contact electrode 201 is between 5 μm and 20 μm. Due to the small size of the point-like contact electrode 202, it can avoid light absorption while also diffracting the incident light, allowing more sunlight to enter the battery body 100 and generating more charge carriers.

[0067] To achieve better light transmission, refer to Figure 2 The spacing D2 between adjacent point contact electrodes 202 is between 50 μm and 400 μm. Optionally, the spacing D2 between adjacent point contact electrodes 202 can have the same or different values ​​along the first direction X and the second direction Y. In this embodiment, the spacing D2 between adjacent point contact electrodes 202 has the same value along the first direction X and the second direction Y. In the direction perpendicular to the surface of the battery body 100, the height of each point contact electrode 202 is between 500 Å and 1500 Å. This height setting can increase the diffraction of incident light and enhance the light entering the battery body.

[0068] A current-conducting layer 300 covers the contact electrode layer and fills the spaces between adjacent point-like contact electrodes 202 and line-like contact electrodes 201 to converge and transmit the current on the spaced-apart point-like contact electrodes 202 and line-like contact electrodes 201. To avoid the current-conducting layer 300 blocking incident light, it is formed as a transparent conductive layer. Optionally, the transparent conductive layer can be made of one or more of the following transparent conductive oxides: indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, antimony tin oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, or gallium-doped tin oxide. Optionally, the thickness of the transparent conductive layer is between 0.1 μm and 2 μm in the direction perpendicular to the electrode body.

[0069] The grid electrodes 400 are disposed on the current-conducting layer 300 and correspond one-to-one with the linear contact electrodes 201. The current-conducting layer 300 conducts the converged current to the grid electrodes 400. Optionally, the width of the grid electrodes 400 along the second direction Y is greater than or equal to the width of the linear contact electrodes 201. In this embodiment, the width of the grid electrodes 400 is equal to the width of the linear contact electrodes 201 to completely correspond to and cover the linear contact electrodes 201. Optionally, to ensure better cell transmission efficiency, the area of ​​the grid electrodes 400 occupies a proportion of 1.5% to 5% of the solar cell area in the top-view projection direction to avoid affecting the current transmission of the grid electrodes. The width of the grid electrodes 400 is affected by the size of the overall electrode. The smaller the size of the overall electrode, the narrower the width of the grid electrodes 400 can be set. Furthermore, the width of the grid electrodes 400 is generally not set too wide to avoid obstructing the incident light surface. When the width of the grid electrodes 400 is too narrow and does not meet the requirements, it can be compensated by increasing its thickness. Optionally, the width of the gate electrode 400 is between 5 μm and 20 μm. Optionally, a main gate electrode (not shown in the figure) is further provided at one end of the gate electrode 400 along the second direction Y. The main gate electrode extends along the first direction X and is connected to each gate electrode 400 to converge and transmit the photogenerated current. Optionally, the main gate electrode includes a welding electrode (not shown in the figure) for connecting and welding interconnects.

[0070] Optionally, the solar cell further includes a transparent insulating layer 500, which is disposed on the current-conducting layer 300 between adjacent grid electrodes 400. The thickness of the transparent insulating layer 500 is less than the thickness of the grid electrodes 400. Optionally, the transparent insulating layer 500 is an anti-reflection coating layer to allow more sunlight to pass through to the cell body 100. Optionally, the material of the anti-reflection coating layer can be one or more of silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, magnesium fluoride, lanthanum fluoride, or aluminum fluoride. Furthermore, the material of the anti-reflection coating layer can be a single layer or a multilayer stack.

[0071] Optionally, the gate electrode 400 includes a gate electrode body 401 and a thickened metal layer 402 covering the gate electrode body 401. The gate electrode body 401 and the thickened metal layer 402 can be made of the same or different materials. The thickened metal layer 402 is made of a material with low resistivity, such as silver, copper, gold, or aluminum. The thickness of the gate electrode body 401 is less than or equal to the thickness of the antireflection film, and the portion of the gate electrode 400 exceeding the antireflection film is formed as the thickened metal layer 402, with a thickness between 2 μm and 10 μm. Optionally, the top-view projected area of ​​the thickened metal layer 402 is less than or equal to the projected area of ​​the gate electrode body 401.

[0072] Therefore, the solar cell of this embodiment can improve cell efficiency by increasing the spacing between grid electrodes through the placement of point-like contact electrodes between adjacent grid electrodes, thus avoiding the blocking of incident light by an excessive number of grid electrodes. Simultaneously, the fill factor and leakage current are optimized by setting the size and spacing of the point-like contact electrodes.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, which includes a photovoltaic unit, a cover plate, a back sheet, and an encapsulating film. The photovoltaic unit is the solar cell described in Embodiment 1. The cover plate is disposed on the light-receiving side of the photovoltaic unit, and the back sheet is disposed on the back-light-receiving side of the photovoltaic unit. The encapsulating film is used to encapsulate the cover plate, photovoltaic unit, and back sheet into a single unit.

[0075] The photovoltaic module in this embodiment includes the solar cell in Embodiment 1, thus solving the technical problem of low leakage current caused by shading of the grid electrode, thereby maximizing battery efficiency.

[0076] In summary, the solar cell of the present invention includes a cell body, a contact electrode layer, a current-conducting layer, and grid electrodes. The solar cell has a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to each other. The contact electrode layer is disposed on the cell body and includes multiple linear contact electrodes extending along the first direction and several point contact electrodes. The multiple linear contact electrodes are spaced apart along the second direction, and the point contact electrodes are disposed between adjacent linear contact electrodes. The current-conducting layer covers the contact electrode layer and fills the spaces between adjacent point contact electrodes and between point and linear contact electrodes; the current-conducting layer is a transparent conductive layer. Grid electrodes are disposed on the current-conducting layer and correspond one-to-one with the linear contact electrodes. Thus, the present invention forms point contact electrodes between adjacent grid electrodes. By setting the point contact electrodes, the spacing between the grid electrodes can be appropriately increased, the number of grid electrodes can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the irradiated light can be improved. Furthermore, the point contact electrodes are small in size, do not block light, and also have a certain light diffraction effect, increasing the light incident on the solar cell body. The current conduction layer can act as an electrical connection layer to connect the independent point contact electrodes and line contact electrodes, and output the photogenerated current from the grid line electrode. This solves the technical problem of small leakage current Isc caused by grid line electrode shading, optimizes leakage current Isc and fill factor FF, and thus maximizes battery efficiency Eff.

[0077] The photovoltaic module of the present invention includes the above-mentioned solar cell and also possesses the above-mentioned technical effects.

[0078] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that, The solar cell has a first direction and a second direction that are perpendicular to each other; the solar cell includes: Battery body; A contact electrode layer is disposed on the battery body, including a plurality of linear contact electrodes extending along a first direction and a plurality of point contact electrodes, wherein the plurality of linear contact electrodes are arranged at intervals along a second direction; and the point contact electrodes are disposed between adjacent linear contact electrodes. A current-conducting layer covers the contact electrode layer and fills the spaces between adjacent point-shaped contact electrodes and between the point-shaped contact electrodes and the line-shaped contact electrodes. The current-conducting layer is a transparent conductive layer. The grid line electrodes are disposed on the current conducting layer and correspond one-to-one with the linear contact electrodes.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the second direction, the size of the point contact electrode is smaller than the size of the line contact electrode.

3. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between adjacent gate line electrodes is between 500 μm and 3000 μm.

4. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The point-like contact electrode is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the diameter of the point-like contact electrode is between 4 μm and 20 μm.

5. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between adjacent point contact electrodes is between 50 μm and 400 μm.

6. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, In a direction perpendicular to the electrode body, the height of each point contact electrode is between 500 Å and 1500 Å.

7. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, In a top-view projection direction, the area of ​​the grid line electrode occupies a proportion of 1.5% to 5% of the area of ​​the solar cell.

8. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the gate electrode is between 5 μm and 20 μm.

9. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the transparent conductive layer is between 0.1 μm and 2 μm in the direction perpendicular to the electrode body.

10. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gate electrode includes a gate electrode body and a thickened metal layer covering the gate electrode body.

11. The solar cell according to claim 10, characterized in that, The thickness of the thickened metal layer is between 2μm and 10μm.

12. The solar cell according to claim 10, characterized in that, The solar cell also includes: A transparent insulating layer is disposed on the current conducting layer between adjacent gate line electrodes.

13. The solar cell according to claim 12, characterized in that, The thickness of the transparent insulating layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the gate electrode body.

14. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrode contact layer includes: An ohmic contact layer is disposed on the battery body; A metal cladding layer is disposed on the ohmic contact layer and covers the sides of the ohmic contact layer.

15. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery body includes a photoelectric conversion layer, which comprises an electron transport layer, a light absorption layer, and a hole transport layer stacked sequentially.

16. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: Photovoltaic unit, wherein the photovoltaic unit is a solar cell as described in any one of claims 1 to 15; A cover plate is disposed on the light-receiving surface side of the photovoltaic unit; A backplate is disposed on the back surface side of the photovoltaic unit; And an encapsulating film for encapsulating the cover plate, the photovoltaic unit and the backplate into one unit.

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