Disruptor and Battery Management System

Abstract

A battery management system is provided, comprising one or more batteries and circuitry electrically connected to the one or more batteries and further connectable to a power source for charging and / or an electrical load for discharging. The battery management system further includes a disturbance, comprising a magnetic field generator configured to generate a varying magnetic field, the disturbance being coupled to the circuitry to disturb electromagnetic energy within the circuitry using the generated varying magnetic field. A disturbance for use with the battery management system is also provided. A method of operating a wireless power transmission system is also provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a disturbance, and to a battery management system including a disturbance. Background Technology

[0002] To improve battery performance and lifespan, various controls and diagnostics are typically performed during battery charging / discharging.

[0003] For example, battery management systems (BMS) can employ dynamic control to improve system performance. While conventional BMSs use a mix of constant current (I), constant voltage (V), or constant power (P) schemes to charge / discharge cells / batteries, it has been found that dynamic charging (where I / V / P are not constant) can provide more efficient operation. For instance, pulse charging has been found to improve charging efficiency and extend battery cycle life. Specifically, pulse charging can suppress lithium dendrite growth and promote a stable solid electrolyte (SEI) film, thereby inhibiting battery degradation. Additionally, pulse charging can improve battery performance in low-temperature environments by effectively preheating the battery.

[0004] Other types of beneficial dynamic control include, for example, variable resistance control, where the current can decrease in response to resistance spikes, thereby reducing the risk of battery damage. This can be particularly advantageous in the case of pulse charging.

[0005] Additionally, it is desirable to obtain measurements such as impedance measurements during battery charging / discharging to measure performance and lifespan metrics, including battery health, state of charge, and internal resistance.

[0006] However, performing battery diagnostics, as well as dynamic control and / or dynamic charge / discharge, typically requires hardware upgrades in the BMS, making its implementation costly. Furthermore, it may also require highly optimized and predictive control, further increasing complexity and cost.

[0007] The present invention was designed based on the above considerations. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In a first aspect, a battery management system is provided, comprising:

[0009] One or more batteries;

[0010] A circuit, electrically connected to the one or more batteries, and capable of being further connected to a power source for charging and / or an electrical load for discharging; and

[0011] A disturbance, comprising a magnetic field generator configured to generate a magnetic field, wherein the disturbance is:

[0012] It can be coupled to the circuit to use the generated magnetic field to disturb the electromagnetic energy within the circuit.

[0013] The magnetic field can be a static magnetic field (e.g., generated by DC through an electromagnet) or a changing magnetic field.

[0014] The disturbance can be configured to disturb electromagnetic energy within the circuit (such as a portion of the circuit). The electromagnetic energy may include inductive energy, capacitive energy, magnetomotive force energy, and / or electric potential energy.

[0015] The electromagnetic energy that perturbs the circuit can include, for example, temporarily stopping the flow of current through the circuit, and / or perturbing the voltage (potential) within the circuit, such as causing no current flow, and / or altering the magnitude and / or direction and / or rate of the current flowing through the circuit. Stopping the flow of current through the circuit can include limiting (e.g., temporarily limiting) the current flow through the circuit. This can be achieved by perturbing the Lorentz forces such that they interact with the electrons in the circuit in a way that redirects them (i.e., changes their direction). Thus, the flow of current can be temporarily reduced or even temporarily stopped. Typically, after a temporary reduction in current flow, a surge of current flow in the opposite direction, i.e., in the original direction of current flow, may occur.

[0016] Therefore, the perturber in this disclosure is configured to control the ripple effect within the circuit (i.e., by perturbing the electromagnetic energy within the circuit in a predictable manner) to create benefits in terms of the electrochemistry of one or more batteries. For example, controlling the ripple effect in the circuit can allow for more uniform deposition of lithium ions within one or more batteries.

[0017] Therefore, a disturbance can be used to change the electromagnetic energy within a circuit, and thus the electrical and magnetic properties of the circuit, as needed, without requiring an upgrade to the circuit hardware.

[0018] In some cases, a disturbance can be used to disrupt the constant current rate and / or direction through a circuit in order to change a constant charging mode to a pulse charging mode.

[0019] In some cases, a disturbance may be used to disrupt a constant current rate and / or direction in order to obtain measurements of the circuit / battery during operation.

[0020] In some examples, a perturber can be configured to generate a known magnetic wave function. The response in one or more cell / battery properties can then be measured. Measurements may include current and / or voltage and / or impedance and / or amplitude and phase shift measurements, and capacitance and inductance measurements. Differences between the input and output wave functions (e.g., phase shift and amplitude) can be evaluated at various frequencies to determine the system's capacitance, inductance, and resistance. These can be used to help determine battery performance and battery life metrics, including state of health, state of charge, and / or internal resistance during operation (i.e., in separate test cycles without shutdown). Therefore, perturbers can be used for reliable and non-invasive battery diagnostics without interrupting system operation.

[0021] The measurement can be performed by a disturbance or by a measurement unit. The battery management system may include a measurement unit.

[0022] In some cases, perturbators can be used to perform variable resistance control on a circuit. Resistance is typically not constant during the charging / discharging of a cell / battery and can rise to a maximum value during some period of operation. It can be beneficial to perturb the system during both low and high resistance phases to cause resistance variations that are normally possible. Benefits can include redistributing localized resistance build-ups, such as lithium-ion aggregation.

[0023] The perturbator can be reversibly coupled to the circuit. In this way, the perturbator can be retrofitted to any existing circuit as an add-on component that can be reversibly coupled.

[0024] A disturbance can be coupled to a circuit at any location. In some cases, a disturbance can be coupled to a location on the circuit that is far from one or more batteries, for example, closer to a power source or electrical load than one or more batteries on the circuit. This can help obtain decoupled measurements of different parameters, such as more accurate impedance measurements.

[0025] In some examples, a perturbator can be coupled to a location on the circuit close to one or more batteries, for example, causing the generated magnetic field to pass through (penetrate) at least some of the batteries. This can create additional electrochemical benefits in the batteries exposed to the magnetic field, such as reduced overpotential to achieve increased charge / discharge rates and / or reduced degradation, resulting in longer usable lifetime and, in some cases, increased usable capacity. In other words, at least some of the batteries can be penetrated (exposed to) by the stray magnetic field generated by the perturbator. In this way, the same hardware can be used to simultaneously achieve the electrochemical benefits in one or more batteries and the ripple benefits in the circuit.

[0026] As mentioned above, a disturbance can disrupt the electromagnetic energy within a circuit by generating a magnetic field. This magnetic field can be a static (DC) magnetic field or a changing magnetic field. A changing magnetic field can be a time-varying magnetic field whose amplitude and / or direction and / or distribution and / or frequency varies over time. In some examples, the changing magnetic field can be quasi-variable over time. That is, the changing magnetic field can be periodically switched on and off over time, resulting in a periodically alternating distribution of zero and non-zero magnetic fields. The changing magnetic field can be rotating and / or pulsed and / or oscillating.

[0027] The varying magnetic field may have a frequency of at least 0.001 Hz, or at least 0.01 Hz, or at least 0.1 Hz, or at least 1 Hz, or at least 10 Hz, or at least 20 Hz, or at least 50 Hz, or at least 75 Hz, or at least 90 Hz, or at least 100 Hz, or at least 500 Hz, or at least 1 MHz. The varying magnetic field may have a frequency of 6 MHz or less, or 1 MHz or less, or 500 Hz or less, or 365 Hz or less, or 100 kHz or less, or 90 Hz or less, or 75 Hz or less, or 50 Hz or less, or 25 Hz or less, or 10 Hz or less, or 1 Hz or less, or 0.1 Hz or less, or 0.01 Hz or less. The varying magnetic field can have an amplitude of at least 0.01 mT, or at least 0.1 mT, or at least 1 mT, or at least 10 mT, or at least 100 mT, or at least 250 mT, or at least 500 mT, or at least 750 mT, or at least 1 T, or at least 2 T, or at least 5 T, or at least 7 T, or at least 10 T. The varying magnetic field can also have an amplitude of 10 T or less, 7 T or less, 5 T or less, 2 T or less, 1 T or less, 750 mT or less, 500 mT or less, 250 mT or less, 100 mT or less, 50 mT or less, 10 mT or less, 1 mT or less, or 0.1 mT or less.

[0028] The circuit may include one or more cables. For example, the circuit may include one or more positive battery cables for connecting to the positive terminal of one or more batteries in the battery management system. The circuit may also include one or more negative cables for connecting to the negative terminal of one or more batteries in the battery management system.

[0029] One or more batteries may be lithium-ion batteries or electrolyzers or any other electrochemical system, including but not limited to battery cells using other ions (such as sodium), other battery forms (such as redox flow batteries), fuel cells (such as hydrogen), and electrolytes (such as water). One or more batteries may be quasi-solid-state and / or all-solid-state batteries. One or more batteries may be coin cell cells, cylindrical cell cells, pouch cell cells, or prismatic cell cells.

[0030] A battery management system may include multiple batteries. These batteries may be arranged and connected in one or more battery modules. Multiple batteries may provide a battery pack. The battery pack may be used to power an electric vehicle (EV), or it may be used in conjunction with a stationary battery storage system, or it may be used to power a portable electronic device such as a mobile phone.

[0031] Battery management systems can be used with motor vehicles and / or ships (including, for example, EVs), or stationary battery storage systems, or portable electronic devices (such as mobile phones).

[0032] Electrical loads can be EV systems such as electric motors, or in the case of stationary battery storage systems, electrical loads can be electrical equipment in buildings, or electrical loads can power portable electronic devices such as mobile phones.

[0033] A magnetic field generator may include one or more transmitter coils configured to generate a magnetic (e.g., a varying magnetic) field. In some examples, selected transmitter coils may be configured to generate a correspondingly different magnetic field (i.e., magnetic field waveform) relative to a magnetic field generated by at least some of the remaining transmitter coils. In some examples, each transmitter coil may be configured to generate a corresponding varying magnetic field. In other examples, each transmitter coil may be configured to generate a static / constant magnetic field. The magnetic field generator may be configured to generate a convergent varying magnetic field by switching selected transmitter coils on and off over time.

[0034] Each transmitter coil may include one or more turns (windings), such as only one turn or multiple turns. When each transmitter coil includes multiple turns, the turns may be arranged in a helical configuration, i.e., overlapping each other.

[0035] A perturber, such as a magnetic field generator, can be connected to a power supply to obtain electricity for generating the magnetic field. The power supply can be one or more batteries. That is, one or more batteries can supply current to the perturber (e.g., to one or more transmitter coils) to generate a changing magnetic field.

[0036] In some examples, the power supply may be different from one or more batteries. The power supply may be different from a power source configured to charge one or more batteries. Alternatively, the power supply may be consistent with a power source configured to charge one or more batteries. That is, the power source may be configured to both charge said or more batteries and power a disturbance (e.g., a magnetic field generator for the disturbance).

[0037] The power supply can be configured to supply different current signals (e.g., waveforms) to the corresponding different transmitter coils. In this way, the disturbance can be tuned via waveform control to generate asymmetrical or “biased” disturbances.

[0038] The disturbance may include a power supply for powering the magnetic field generator. One or more transmitter coils may be electrically connected to the power supply.

[0039] A disturbance may include a housing enclosing one or more transmitter coils and / or one or more receiver coils (discussed below) and / or a power supply. The housing may be formed of a ferromagnetic material, allowing it to transmit the magnetic flux generated by the disturbance to the circuitry. The housing may provide the additional functionality / benefit of acting as a field guide. The housing may be elongated. The housing may be tubular. The housing may have an elongated block shape.

[0040] The battery management system may include a controller. In some examples, the perturber may include a controller. The controller may be configured to control the magnetic field generated by the perturber (e.g., a magnetic field generator). For example, the controller may be configured to control the amplitude and / or direction and / or distribution and / or frequency of the changing magnetic field over time. When the perturber includes multiple transmitter coils, the controller may be configured to switch selected transmitter coils on / off in a time-varying manner, for example, to generate a changing magnetic field or to temporarily disable magnetic field generation. In some examples, the controller may be configured to sequentially activate multiple transmitter coils.

[0041] The controller can be configured to adjust the operation of the disturbance, for example, to adjust the generated changing magnetic field based on feedback from the circuit and / or one or more batteries. For example, the circuit may include a feedback circuit, and the controller may be coupled to the feedback circuit to receive feedback signals / data from it. Alternatively or additionally, the controller may be coupled (e.g., electrically or communicatively) to a measurement unit to obtain feedback data from the measurement unit, for example, in the form of a measurement.

[0042] Feedback data may include electrical, thermal, magnetic and / or electrochemical signals / data from the system.

[0043] The controller can be a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, configured to use PID analysis to analyze the feedback data. Alternatively, the controller can be a fuzzy logic-based controller.

[0044] In some examples, the controller may include a machine learning model, such as a neural network. The machine learning model can be trained using training data. Training data may include electrical, thermal, and / or magnetic data characterizing the system. The neural network may include multiple layers and, optionally, can be trained using various different types of training data. The neural network may have multiple nodes, including one or more input nodes and output nodes. The output nodes may output the electrochemical performance of one or more batteries and / or the magnetic properties of the system's magnetic field generating components (such as a disturbance).

[0045] Advantageously, the controller can thus help monitor and control the macroscopic to nanoscale characteristics of the system and optimize its performance.

[0046] The disturbance can be coupled to the circuit wirelessly or via a wired connection, as discussed below.

[0047] In some cases, the perturber can be wirelessly coupled to the circuit, causing the generated changing magnetic field to disturb the electromagnetic energy within the circuit.

[0048] In other words, the perturber can be arranged relative to the circuit such that at least a portion of the circuit is placed within the changing magnetic field generated by the perturber. In this way, the perturber can disturb the inductive energy, capacitive energy, magnetomotive force energy, and / or electric potential energy within the circuit.

[0049] For example, when current flows through a circuit during operation, a magnetic field is generated near and around the circuit according to the laws of electromagnetism. A disturbance can be arranged relative to the circuit such that the changing magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator at least partially overlaps spatially with the magnetic field generated by the current-carrying circuit. In this way, the changing magnetic field generated by the disturbance can interfere with the magnetic field generated by the circuit, thereby disturbing the electromagnetic energy within the circuit, for example, in one of the ways discussed above. The changing magnetic field generated by the disturbance can constructively and / or destructively interfere with the magnetic field generated by the circuit. In this way, the disturbance can suppress or enhance the characteristics of the circuit.

[0050] To ensure that the changing magnetic field generated by the perturber penetrates at least a portion of the circuit, the perturber can be arranged to be physically close to the circuit. For this purpose, the perturber can be designed in shape and size such that it can be placed as part of the circuit in physical proximity.

[0051] For example, a disturbance may be designed to be shaped and sized to at least partially surround a portion of a circuit. In some examples, the disturbance (e.g., its housing) may include one or more curved sections.

[0052] In some examples, the perturber (e.g., its housing) may define an opening for receiving a portion of cable (e.g., a part of a circuit). The cable portion can thus be threaded through the opening in the perturber. In some examples, the perturber may include one or more transmitter coils in the form of a solenoid. The hollow core of the solenoid may define the opening for receiving the cable portion individually or together. For example, the solenoids may be arranged concentrically such that their respective cores form channels to provide an opening for the perturber.

[0053] In some examples, the perturber may include a pair of jaws. The pair of jaws may be movable between a closed configuration and an open configuration, in which the jaws contact to define an opening, and in an open configuration, the jaws are spaced apart to allow insertion of a portion of circuitry (e.g., a cable portion) into the opening. In this way, by using movable jaws to surround a portion of circuitry, the perturber can be easily electromagnetically coupled to existing circuitry. The pair of jaws may be provided by the housing of the perturber. The one or more transmitter coils may be enclosed within the pair of jaws.

[0054] In some examples, the disturbance may include multiple transmitter coils arranged to sandwich at least one cable portion (such as a straight cable portion) therebetween.

[0055] In some examples, the transmitter coil may clamp at least one coiled cable portion comprising at least one turn (winding). In some examples, the transmitter coil may be arranged to face and / or be adjacent to at least one coiled cable portion. In some examples, at least one coiled cable portion may be coiled around a portion of the perturber, for example, coiled around a portion of the transmitter coil. In some examples, at least one coiled cable portion may be threaded through an opening in the perturber and may subsequently be coiled around a portion of the perturber, such as around a portion of a magnetic field generator, such as around the transmitter coil.

[0056] In some examples, the disturbance may include multiple transmitter coils arranged alternately with multiple coiled cable portions, such that each coiled cable portion is sandwiched between a pair of transmitter coils.

[0057] One or more cable segments (coiled or straight) can be part of a circuit, such as part of the wiring of a circuit. For example, one or more cable segments can be part of the positive and / or negative battery wires of a circuit.

[0058] Alternatively, the disruptor may include one or more cable portions (coiled or straight). For example, one or more cable portions may be enclosed within a disruptor housing, for instance, together with one or more transmitter coils. One or more cable portions may be electrically connected to a circuit. One or more cable portions may be electrically connected to one or more ports of the disruptor, as discussed in more detail below. One or more cable portions may include a positive cable portion and a negative cable portion. The positive cable portion may be electrically connected to the positive battery cable of the circuit. The negative cable portion may be electrically connected to the negative battery cable of the circuit.

[0059] In some examples, the disturbance may be electrically connected to a circuit via a wired connection. The disturbance may be electrically connected to and aligned with the circuit. As mentioned above, the disturbance may include one or more (such as two) ports for connection to the circuit. Specifically, one or more portions of the circuit (such as cables) may be configured to insert into one or more ports of the disturbance to provide a wired connection therebetween. The one or more ports may be housed within the disturbance's housing.

[0060] In some examples, the perturbator may include a first port and a second port. The first port may include the positive terminal of the perturbator, and the second port may include the negative terminal of the perturbator.

[0061] A disturbance can be configured to supply current to a circuit via a wired connection to disturb the electromagnetic energy within the circuit.

[0062] When a disturbance includes one or more cable sections (straight or coiled), the cable sections can be positioned physically close to the emitter coil of the disturbance, such that a changing magnetic field generated by the emitter coil penetrates the cable section to disturb the electromagnetic energy therein. In this way, when the disturbance (and therefore the cable section) is electrically connected to a circuit (e.g., via a port), electromagnetic energy within a wider circuit can be disturbed.

[0063] In addition to one or more transmitter coils, the magnetic field generator may also include one or more receiver coils. Each receiver coil may have one or more turns (windings). The one or more receiver coils can be configured to receive the magnetic field generated by the one or more transmitter coils. In this way, a current can be induced in the one or more receiver coils.

[0064] One or more receiver coils can be electrically connected to the circuit, for example, via one or more ports of the disturbance. In this way, induced current can be injected into the circuit via a wired connection to disturb the electromagnetic energy within the circuit.

[0065] In some examples, one or more receiver coils may be electrically connected to the positive or negative battery cable of the circuit. One or more receiver coils may be electrically connected to one or more cable sections of the disturbance. For example, one or more receiver coils may be electrically connected to the positive or negative cable section. In some examples, one or more transmitter coils may be electrically connected in parallel with one or more receiver coils. Alternatively, one or more transmitter coils and one or more receiver coils may be electrically connected to corresponding different circuits (e.g., within the disturbance).

[0066] In some examples, one or more receiver coils may be oriented parallel to one or more transmitter coils. In other examples, one or more receiver coils may be orthogonal to one or more transmitter coils.

[0067] In some examples, one or more receiver coils may be intertwined with one or more transmitter coils in a single coil. The wires of the receiver and transmitter coils may be covered with an electrically insulating material such as enamel, allowing the wires of the receiver and transmitter coils to contact each other without conducting electricity. In this way, the transmitter and receiver coils can be tightly wound together to form a single, compact coil.

[0068] The battery management system can be controlled by the charging current I. C This can be characterized as the minimum current required to effectively charge one or more batteries. The current supplied by the disturbance can be less than the charging current I. C The amplitude. In other words, the disturbance can be configured to supply current to the circuit, the current itself being insufficient to charge one or more batteries within a short time frame. For example, the current supplied by the disturbance can have a value less than the charging current I. C The amplitude is 50%, or less than 30%, or less than 20%, or less than 10%, or less than 5% or less than 1%.

[0069] In some examples, the battery management system may include a wireless charger configured to charge one or more batteries. The wireless charger may include a charger transmitter coil configured to generate magnetic flux to charge one or more batteries. The circuitry may include a charger receiver coil configured to receive magnetic flux from the wireless charger to supply current to the one or more batteries for charging.

[0070] In addition to providing a wireless charger, a perturber is also provided separately, making the wireless charger and the perturber functionally distinct. The purpose of a wireless charger may be to charge one or more batteries, while the purpose of a perturber is to disturb the electromagnetic energy within a circuit to adjust its characteristics as needed.

[0071] Alternatively, the wireless charger may include a perturber. In this case, the wireless charger can be configured to conduct a superposition of two varying magnetic fields (waveforms)—one for charging and one for perturbing. For example, the charger transmitter coil can be configured to generate a charging magnetic field, and the perturber's magnetic field generator can be configured to generate a perturbed (variing) magnetic field. In other examples, the charger transmitter coil can be configured to generate both a charging magnetic field and a perturbing magnetic field. This can be achieved by using an arbitrary waveform as input to drive the charger transmitter coil. The charging magnetic field can have a higher frequency than the perturbing magnetic field. For example, the perturbing magnetic field can have a frequency less than 50%, or less than 30%, or less than 20%, or less than 10%, or less than 5%, or less than 1%, or less than 0.1%, or less than 0.01% of the charging magnetic field frequency. Alternatively or additionally, the frequency of the perturbing magnetic field can be at least 0.005%, or at least 0.01%, or at least 0.1%, or at least 1%, or at least 5%, or at least 10%, or at least 20%, or at least 30%, or at least 50% of the charging magnetic field frequency. In some cases, the charging frequency can be adapted to high-power EV charging. For example, the charging frequency can be approximately 130 kHz. In some cases, the perturbing magnetic field can have a frequency between 13 Hz (i.e., 0.01% of 130 kHz) and 130 Hz (i.e., 0.1% of 130 kHz), including the boundary values ​​at both ends. The superimposed magnetic field can be conducted to the receiver coil of the battery management system, such as the charger receiver coil.

[0072] The disturbance may include a magnetic field guide. The magnetic field guide may be formed of a ferromagnetic material.

[0073] Magnetic field guides can be configured to conduct the magnetic flux generated by the disturbance to the circuit to improve the coupling between the disturbance and the circuit.

[0074] One or more transmitter coils can be mounted to a magnetic field guide, such that the generated magnetic field is conducted to the magnetic field guide. The magnetic field guide can then direct the generated field to a circuit to disturb the electromagnetic energy therein.

[0075] In some examples, one or more transmitter coils may be mounted to the magnetic field guide. One or more transmitter coils may be wound around multiple portions of the magnetic field guide. In some examples, two or more transmitter coils may be mounted to the magnetic field guide. The magnetic fields generated by the two or more transmitter coils can be interfering to provide a superimposed magnetic field waveform, said superimposed magnetic field waveform being a changing magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator of the perturber.

[0076] In some examples, one or more transmitter coils and one or more receiver coils can be mounted (e.g., coiled around) a magnetic field guide. In this way, the magnetic field guide can improve the conduction of magnetic flux from the transmitter coil to the receiver coil. The relative positions of the transmitter coil and receiver coil on the magnetic field guide can be selected to tune the waveform characteristics in the receiver coil.

[0077] Magnetic field guides can be used passively (i.e., when one or more transmitter coils are off) to filter current spikes during charging / discharging.

[0078] The magnetic field guide may include a frame. The frame may include one or more branches. A transmitter coil and / or receiver coil may be mounted (e.g., coiled around) a branch of the frame. In some examples, the frame may include a pair of opposing branches. A receiver coil may be mounted (e.g., coiled around) one of the opposing branches, and a transmitter coil may be mounted (e.g., coiled around) the other of the opposing branches. In some examples, the perturbator may include two or more transmitter coils mounted (e.g., coiled around) corresponding opposing branches of the magnetic field guide. The frame may be runway-shaped, defining an internal opening. The pair of opposing branches may be a pair of long sides of the runway-shaped frame.

[0079] The transmitter coil and / or receiver coil and / or cable portion and / or magnetic field guide can be enclosed within the housing of the disturbance.

[0080] Constructively, a battery management system may include multiple disturbances. These disturbances may be identical or different. For example, based on the disclosure above, a battery management system may include one or more disturbances that can be electrically connected to a circuit via a wired connection, and one or more disturbances that can be wirelessly connected to the circuit.

[0081] In a second aspect, an electric vehicle (EV) charging point is provided, which includes the battery management system of the first aspect.

[0082] The circuit may include a charging cable for the EV charging point. The charging cable may be connected to the power grid (i.e., a power source) and may be able to connect to an EV battery pack comprising one or more batteries. A disturbance may be configured to disturb electromagnetic energy within the circuit (e.g., within the charging cable).

[0083] In some examples, the perturbator can be wirelessly coupled to the charging cable, as described above. For example, the perturbator can be arranged to at least partially surround a portion of the charging cable. When the perturbator includes a pair of jaws, the perturbator can clamp around a portion of the charging cable.

[0084] In some examples, as described above, the disturbance can be electrically connected to a charging cable (circuit) via a wired connection. For example, the charging cable can be inserted into one of the first and second ports of the disturbance. The disturbance can also be electrically connected to the EV charging point (and thus to a power source, such as the mains), for example, via the other of the first and second ports of the disturbance. In some examples, the power supply cable of the disturbance can electrically connect the EV charging point to the port of the disturbance. In this way, the disturbance can be plugged in between the charging point and the EV.

[0085] In some examples, the disturbance can be configured to draw power from the charging point (e.g., from the power grid) via an electrical connection to the charging point (e.g., via a power supply cable).

[0086] In a third aspect, a charger for charging a portable electronic device is provided, the charger including a battery management system as described in the first aspect.

[0087] The portable electronic device may be, for example, a mobile phone. The charger may include a charging cable as part of a circuit. The charging cable may be able to connect to the battery of the portable electronic device and further to a power source (which may be the mains). The charger may include an electrical plug for insertion into an electrical outlet to connect to a power source. The electrical plug may include a disturbance. The disturbance may be connected to the charging cable (circuit) via a wired connection, for example, in one of the ways described above. The disturbance may be able to be electrically connected to the power source to draw power from it (e.g., via pins of the electrical plug).

[0088] In a fourth aspect, a disturbance is provided for use with a battery management system of the first aspect, the disturbance comprising:

[0089] A magnetic field generator, the magnetic field generator being configured to generate a changing magnetic field;

[0090] The disturbance is coupled to a circuit to use the changing magnetic field to disturb the electromagnetic energy within the circuit.

[0091] The disturbance has any one or any combination of the features of the disturbance described with reference to the battery management system of the first aspect, unless such combination is obviously not permitted or explicitly avoided.

[0092] For example, a disturbance may be able to be wirelessly coupled to a circuit. Alternatively, a disturbance may be coupled to a circuit via a wired connection.

[0093] The disturbance can be mounted to and electrically connected to an EV charging point. The EV charging point can have circuitry including a charging cable. The charging cable can be connected to the power grid and can be connected to an EV battery pack. The disturbance can be configured to disturb electromagnetic energy within the circuitry (e.g., within the charging cable). To do this, the disturbance can be arranged to at least partially surround a portion of the charging cable. For example, when the disturbance includes a pair of jaws, the disturbance can clamp around a portion of the charging cable. The disturbance can be configured to draw power from the charging point (e.g., from the power grid) via its electrical connection to the charging point (e.g., via a power supply cable).

[0094] In a fifth aspect, a method for perturbing electromagnetic energy within a circuit using a perturber is provided, wherein:

[0095] The disturbance includes:

[0096] A magnetic field generator, the magnetic field generator being configured to generate a changing magnetic field;

[0097] The disturbance is coupled to a circuit to use the changing magnetic field to disturb the electromagnetic energy within the circuit.

[0098] The method includes:

[0099] Couple the disturbance to the circuit;

[0100] The changing magnetic field is generated to disturb the electromagnetic energy within the circuit.

[0101] The disturbance may have any one or any combination of the features of a disturbance as described in the fourth aspect.

[0102] In a sixth aspect, a method for perturbing electromagnetic energy within a circuit of a battery management system is provided, wherein:

[0103] The battery management system includes:

[0104] One or more batteries;

[0105] A circuit, electrically connected to the one or more batteries, and capable of being further connected to a power source for charging and / or an electrical load for discharging; and

[0106] A disturbance, comprising a magnetic field generator configured to generate a varying magnetic field, the disturbance being coupled to the circuit to use the generated varying magnetic field to disturb electromagnetic energy within the circuit.

[0107] The method includes:

[0108] Couple the disturbance to the circuit;

[0109] The changing magnetic field is generated to disturb the electromagnetic energy within the circuit.

[0110] The battery management system may have any one or any combination of the features of the battery management system as described in the first aspect.

[0111] As discussed above, coupling the disturbance to the circuit can be wireless, i.e., by arranging the disturbance such that the generated changing magnetic field interferes with the magnetic field produced by the current-carrying circuit during operation. Alternatively, coupling the disturbance to the circuit can involve electrically connecting the disturbance to the circuit via a wired connection.

[0112] In a seventh aspect, a method for operating a wireless power transmission system is provided, the wireless power transmission system comprising:

[0113] power supply;

[0114] One or more batteries;

[0115] A circuit, the circuit being electrically connected to the one or more batteries and the power source; and

[0116] A wireless charger configured to charge the one or more batteries, the wireless charger including a charger transmitter coil configured to generate magnetic flux to charge the one or more batteries, and a charger receiver coil configured to receive the magnetic flux from the wireless charger transmitter coil.

[0117] The method includes:

[0118] Current is supplied from the power source to the one or more batteries via the circuit, and

[0119] Simultaneously, current is supplied from the power source to the charger receiver coil via the circuit, thereby generating a magnetic field through the one or more batteries.

[0120] Conveniently, the magnetic field generated by the receiver coil can enhance the electrochemical performance of one or more batteries, for example by increasing the charging / discharging rate, capacity, and / or lifespan of one or more batteries.

[0121] In some examples, the charger receiver coil may be electrically connected (in series or parallel) to a power source via a wired connection (such as via a circuit). In other examples, the charger receiver coil may not be electrically connected to a circuit. This could be, for example, in telephone-to-telephone charging applications where the WPT system does not have a bidirectional power transfer mechanism. In these cases, the method may include the step of electrically connecting (in series or parallel) the charger receiver coil to a power source, for example via a wired connection (such as via a circuit), before supplying current to the charger receiver coil.

[0122] The magnetic field generated by the charger receiver coil can be a static magnetic field (generated using DC) or a varying magnetic field (generated using AC) or a combination thereof. The magnetic field can have any one or any superposition of the following waveforms: sinusoidal, triangular / sawtooth, square / pulsating, DC-biased sinusoidal, or arbitrary (multi-harmonic).

[0123] Optionally, the power supply, charger receiver coil, and one or more batteries can be electrically connected in series with each other via a circuit.

[0124] Alternatively, the charger receiver coil can be connected in parallel to one or more batteries via a wired connection. The wired connection can be part of a circuit. The wired connection can include a switch. The method may further include periodically turning the switch on and off to switch between the wired connection and the parallel branch connection.

[0125] For example, a switch can be turned on and off at regular time intervals, such as every 1 x 10 -12 Up to once per second. The switch can conduct from 0% to 100% of the time. For example, the switch can conduct at least 5%, or at least 10%, or at least 20%, or at least 30%, or at least 40%, or at least 50%, or at least 60%, or at least 70%, or at least 80%, or at least 90% of the time. Alternatively or alternatively, the switch can conduct for 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% or less, 60% or less, 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, 20% or less, 10% or less, or 5% or less of the time.

[0126] The current supplied by the power source can be greater than that typically supplied for charging one or more batteries, so as to both charge the batteries via a wired connection and induce a magnetic field in the receiver coil.

[0127] Therefore, in a general sense, this aspect provides a process:

[0128] Determine the “wired” characteristics of the wireless power transmission system, such as the limitations of charger receiver coil design / resonance “drive” and “load” circuit compensation topology in inductive and capacitive loads;

[0129] Reconfigure the existing hardware of the WPT system (WPT charger drive circuit) to superimpose an additional magnetic field onto the WPT “wired” charging waveform selected from the drive function, taking care not to exceed the existing design limits determined in the previous step, and ensuring that the resonant “drive” and “load” circuit limits are not exceeded when the DC load increases.

[0130] The driving function is adjusted based on the additional magnetic field and electrochemical resonance modes (SoH, SoC, B) to maintain optimal WPT operating efficiency.

[0131] The electrochemical benefits are observed due to the improved “WPT ‘wired’ charging + MF” drive waveform components penetrating the electrochemical system to obtain the core MF benefits and / or penetrating the circuit elements to generate ripple benefits.

[0132] In an eighth aspect, a method for operating a wireless power transmission system is provided, the wireless power transmission system comprising:

[0133] power supply;

[0134] One or more batteries;

[0135] A wireless charger configured to charge the one or more batteries, the wireless charger including a charger transmitter coil configured to generate magnetic flux to charge the one or more batteries, and a charger receiver coil configured to receive the magnetic flux from the wireless charger transmitter coil; and

[0136] The circuit is electrically connected to the charger transmitter coil and the power source.

[0137] The method includes:

[0138] A current signal is supplied to the charger transmitter coil, the current signal including a charging component and an additional component for electrochemical enhancement; and

[0139] A magnetic field is generated by the charger's transmitting coil that passes through the charger's receiver coil to induce a charging current therein, and also passes through the one or more batteries.

[0140] The magnetic field passing through the receiver coil can also be referred to as magnetic flux.

[0141] The magnetic field generated by the charger transmitter coil can be a static magnetic field (generated using DC) or a varying magnetic field (generated using AC) or a combination thereof. The magnetic field can have any one or any superposition of the following waveforms: sinusoidal, triangular / sawtooth, square / pulsating, DC-biased sinusoidal, or arbitrary (multi-harmonic).

[0142] Optionally, the charger receiver coil can be connected in series with one or more batteries to supply induced charging current to the one or more batteries. Alternatively, the charger receiver coil can be connected in parallel with one or more batteries.

[0143] The method may include electrically connecting and disconnecting the charger receiver coil to one or more batteries over time, for example via an electrical switch. In this way, the magnetic field generated by the charger transmitter coil can induce a charging current in the charger receiver coil, which is then supplied to the battery; or the magnetic field can penetrate the battery when the battery is electrically disconnected from the charger receiver coil, for example during a rest period of the battery charging circuit.

[0144] For example, the charger receiver coil can be disconnected from one or more batteries at regular time intervals, such as every 1 x 10 -12 Once every 1 second. The charger receiver coil can be disconnected from one or more batteries for 0% to 100% of the time. For example, the charger receiver coil can be disconnected from one or more batteries for at least 5%, or at least 10%, or at least 20%, or at least 30%, or at least 40%, or at least 50%, or at least 60%, or at least 70%, or at least 80%, or at least 90% of the time. Alternatively or alternatively, the charger receiver coil can be disconnected from one or more batteries for 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% or less, 60% or less, 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, 20% or less, 10% or less, or 5% or less of the time.

[0145] Therefore, in a general sense, this aspect provides a process:

[0146] Determine wireless power transmission characteristics, such as charger transmitter / receiver coil design, and / or resonant frequency, and / or limitations of “drive” and “load” circuitry compensation topologies in inductive and capacitive loads;

[0147] Reconfigure the existing hardware (WPT charger driver circuit) to superimpose the additional DC / AC magnetic field waveform onto the WPT charging waveform in the charger transmitter coil driver circuit, taking care not to exceed the existing design limitations identified in the previous steps.

[0148] The resonant / tuned circuit conditions are controlled to maintain optimal WPT operating efficiency by adjusting the "drive" and "load" compensation strategies based on the additional magnetic field and electrochemical resonant modes (ω, SoH, SoC, B) and the mutual coupling coefficient.

[0149] Electrochemical and / or ripple benefits were observed due to the improved “WPT+magnetic field” driven waveform penetration system.

[0150] In a ninth aspect, a wireless power transmission system is provided, the wireless power transmission system comprising:

[0151] power supply;

[0152] One or more batteries;

[0153] A wireless charger configured to charge the one or more batteries, the wireless charger including a charger transmitter coil configured to generate magnetic flux to charge the one or more batteries, and a charger receiver coil configured to receive the magnetic flux from the wireless charger transmitter coil.

[0154] The circuit, which is electrically connected to the charger transmitter coil and the power source, and

[0155] An electromagnetic coil, which is electrically connected to the power source via the circuit and configured to generate a magnetic field through the one or more batteries.

[0156] In some examples, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil can also pass through the charger transmitter coil and / or the charger receiver coil.

[0157] Therefore, in some cases, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil can be superimposed on the magnetic field (flux) generated by the charger transmitter coil.

[0158] The magnetic flux generated by the charger transmitter coil can have a sinusoidal waveform.

[0159] In each of the seventh, eighth, and ninth aspects, the wireless power transmission system may include multiple batteries. The multiple batteries may be arranged and connected in one or more battery modules. The multiple batteries may provide a battery pack. The battery pack may be used to power an electric vehicle (EV), or it may be used in conjunction with a stationary battery storage system, or it may be used to power a portable electronic device such as a mobile phone.

[0160] As discussed above, in the seventh and / or eighth and / or ninth aspects, the current supplied by the power source can have an AC waveform, a DC waveform, or a combination thereof. The intensity and / or frequency of the current can be selected to maximize the electrochemical enhancement in the battery.

[0161] The current supplied by the power source can be characterized by the driving function f(t). Examples of driving functions include:

[0162]

[0163] The methods described in aspects seven or eight can be executed by a computer program, and therefore can be computer-implemented methods.

[0164] The wireless power transmission system may include a controller configured to perform the steps of the method described in aspect seven or aspect eight.

[0165] The wireless power transmission systems discussed in the seventh, eighth or ninth aspects can be used with EVs, or stationary battery storage systems, or portable electronic devices such as mobile phones.

[0166] The wireless power transmission system in the seventh, eighth, and / or ninth aspects may include a battery management system as described with reference to the foregoing aspects. This can conveniently generate, for example, ripple benefits through the terminals of the electrochemical system (one or more batteries) and electrochemical benefits due to the magnetic field generated through the one or more batteries, thereby providing additional degrees of freedom in the system.

[0167] It has been observed that, for example, in addition to the magnetic flux generated for wireless charging, providing a magnetic field through a wireless power transfer system can affect the inductive and capacitive characteristics of the system (e.g., the charger transmitter coil and charger receiver coil), thereby altering the resonant conditions used for wireless power transfer in the system. Furthermore, the low health stage (SoH) of one or more batteries, for example due to lifespan degradation, and / or the low state of charge (SoC), for example due to cell cycling, can also cause changes in the resonant conditions in the WPT circuit due to variations in load capacitance. Low SoH / SoC can be caused by electrochemical degradation in one or more batteries.

[0168] Therefore, applying a magnetic field to the wireless power transmission system according to the seventh, eighth and / or ninth aspects above can be conveniently used to compensate for the variation in the resonant conditions in the system caused by the low SoH / SoC of one or more batteries over the lifetime of said / each battery.

[0169] Furthermore, the effects of the magnetic field and / or SoH / SoC on the system's resonance conditions can be compensated for by modifying the circuitry and / or the characteristics of the charger transmitter coil and / or charger receiver coil. For example, the distance between the charger transmitter coil and the charger receiver coil, and / or the number of turns of the charger transmitter coil, and / or the number of turns of the charger receiver coil can be selected to achieve a predetermined mutual coupling coefficient between the charger transmitter coil and the charger receiver coil.

[0170] For example, in wireless power transmission systems where a relatively high mutual coupling coefficient k is expected, such as in portable electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones), the charger transmitter coil and receiver coil can be configured to operate in a frequency range of 1 kHz to 1000 kHz. For this purpose, the charger transmitter coil and / or charger receiver coil can each comprise 10 to 50 turns. The mutual coupling coefficient can be approximately 0.2 or greater. The charger transmitter coil and / or charger receiver coil can be formed of copper, lizard, nickel-chromium alloy, or magnetic wire.

[0171] In wireless power transmission systems intended for relatively long transmission distances (such as 0.2 m to 4 m), such as in motor vehicle / marine applications, the charger transmitter coil and charger receiver coil are configured to operate in a frequency range of 1 MHz to 10 MHz. The mutual coupling factor can be approximately 0.2 or less. The charger transmitter coil and / or charger receiver coil can each comprise 2 to 20 turns. The charger transmitter coil and / or charger receiver coil can be formed of copper (e.g., copper bars).

[0172] The method described in the seventh or eighth aspect may further include adjusting the operation of the wireless power transmission system, for example, adjusting the generated magnetic field based on feedback from the circuit and / or one or more batteries.

[0173] In some examples, such as the methods described in the seventh and / or eighth aspects, the operation of the controller may be adjusted by adjusting the inductance of the charger receiver coil and / or charger transmitter coil. This can be achieved by changing (increasing or decreasing the magnetic field strength B), for example by changing (increasing or decreasing) the amount of current supplied to the charger receiver coil and / or charger transmitter coil.

[0174] Changing the inductance of the coil can bring the WPT resonant operating frequency of the system to optimal operating conditions, which enhances the WPT and reduces ohmic losses. Alternatively, it can deviate from optimal operating conditions due to changes in the system's reactive load (impedance Z), thereby increasing ohmic losses in the WPT system and leading to an increase in localized temperature. Adjusting the system's resonant operating frequency in the latter manner can be used to generate / control thermal fields in the system (e.g., around one or more cells), which can produce further electrochemical benefits in the system. For example, the method may include receiving feedback signals / data, for instance, from a feedback circuit or measurement unit. Feedback data may include electrical, thermal, magnetic, and / or electrochemical signals / data from the system.

[0175] Adjusting the operation of a wireless power transmission system may involve using PID analysis to analyze feedback data.

[0176] Adjusting the operation of a wireless power transmission system can involve the use of fuzzy logic-based analysis.

[0177] In some examples, adjusting the operation of a wireless power transmission system may involve training a machine learning model, such as a neural network, using training data. Training data may include electrical, thermal, and / or magnetic data characterizing the system. The neural network may include multiple layers and, optionally, may be trained using various different types of training data. The neural network may have multiple nodes, including one or more input nodes and output nodes. The output node may output the electrochemical performance of one or more batteries and / or the magnetic properties of the system's magnetic field generating components, such as charger receiver coils and / or charger transmitter coils and / or electromagnetic coils. The input node may be a displacement system control data node.

[0178] The wireless power transmission system described in the seventh, eighth, or ninth aspect may include a controller. The controller may be configured to adjust the operation of the wireless power transmission system, for example, to adjust the generated magnetic field based on feedback from a circuit and / or one or more batteries. For example, the circuit may include a feedback circuit, and the controller may be coupled to the feedback circuit to receive feedback signals / data therefrom. Alternatively or additionally, the controller may be coupled (e.g., electrically or communicatively) to a measurement unit included by the wireless power transmission system to obtain feedback data, for example, in measurement form.

[0179] Feedback data may include electrical, thermal, magnetic and / or electrochemical signals / data from the system.

[0180] The controller can be a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, configured to use PID analysis to analyze the feedback data. Alternatively, the controller can be a fuzzy logic-based controller.

[0181] In some examples, the controller may include a machine learning model, such as a neural network. The machine learning model can be trained using training data. Training data may include electrical, thermal, and / or magnetic data characterizing the system. The neural network may include multiple layers and, optionally, may be trained using various different types of training data. The neural network may have multiple nodes, including one or more input nodes and output nodes. The output node may output the electrochemical performance of one or more batteries and / or the magnetic properties of the system's magnetic field generating components (such as charger receiver coils and / or charger transmitter coils and / or electromagnetic coils). The input node may be a displacement system control data node.

[0182] Advantageously, the controller can thus help monitor and control the macroscopic to nanoscale characteristics of the system and optimize its performance.

[0183] In some instances, the battery management system or wireless power transmission system described in any of the foregoing aspects may include electronic components sensitive to electromagnetic interference (EMI). These may also be referred to as EMC-sensitive electronic devices, where EMC stands for electromagnetic compatibility.

[0184] Therefore, it can be expected that the magnetic field generated by the system will not negatively affect the performance of EMC-sensitive electronic devices.

[0185] Therefore, the battery management system or wireless power transmission system described in any of the foregoing aspects may further include one or more magnetic field shielding elements. Each magnetic field shielding element may be configured to dissipate a portion of the magnetic field passing through it. Each magnetic field shielding element may be configured to prevent the magnetic field incident thereon from reaching predetermined portions of the system, such as portions including electronic components sensitive to electromagnetic interference. Alternatively, the strength of the magnetic field may be reduced by a predetermined amount as it passes through the magnetic field shielding element (i.e., the magnetic field may not be completely dissipated to prevent it from propagating through the magnetic field shielding element).

[0186] Each of the magnetic field shielding elements can be substantially planar.

[0187] Each magnetic field shielding element may be formed of a conductive material. Conveniently, the conductive material may actively control the magnetic field penetration distance and / or its position on the other side of the magnetic field shielding element, since applying a magnetic field to the conductive material induces eddy currents in the material and thus dissipates some or all of the magnetic field, thereby hindering its propagation downstream of the magnetic field shielding element.

[0188] Alternatively, each magnetic field shielding element may be formed of a ferromagnetic material. The ferromagnetic material can act as a magnetic field flux conductor and can be used to guide the magnetic field through the ferromagnetic material and away from EMC-sensitive electronic devices. Magnetic field penetration into the wireless power transmission system / battery management system / electrochemical system (i.e., one or more batteries) can be controlled by selecting appropriate materials and / or locations and / or thicknesses and / or shapes for the magnetic field shielding elements.

[0189] Each magnetic field shielding element may include one or more perforations. Conveniently, these perforations allow an incident magnetic field to pass unimpeded onto the shielding element. Therefore, the depth of magnetic field penetration can be controlled at a finer level without requiring a separate magnetic field shielding element for each region.

[0190] The shape of each perforation can be regular (e.g., rectangular, elliptical, etc.).

[0191] The perforations can be spaced regularly according to a predetermined pattern. The perforations can be used together to form a grating.

[0192] In some examples, at least one of the magnetic field shielding elements may be positioned between the charger receiver coil / charger transmitter coil / external electromagnetic coil and the EMC-sensitive electronic device. One or more magnetic field shielding elements may be provided to at least partially surround the EMC-sensitive electronic device.

[0193] At least one of the one or more magnetic field shielding elements may be provided as an air gap rather than a solid component.

[0194] The present invention includes combinations of the described aspects and preferred features, unless such combinations are obviously not permitted or explicitly stated to be avoided. Attached Figure Description

[0195] The embodiments and experiments illustrating the principles of the invention will now be discussed with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0196] Figure 1 A variant of the battery management system according to this disclosure is illustrated schematically.

[0197] Figure 2 A variant of the battery management system according to this disclosure is illustrated schematically.

[0198] Figure 3A and Figure 3B Example implementations of the perturbator according to this disclosure are illustrated in closed and open configurations, respectively.

[0199] Figure 4A and Figure 4B It shows the one used with EV charging points. Figure 3A and Figure 3B The disturbance.

[0200] Figure 5 An implementation of a battery management system according to this disclosure is shown, wherein the battery management system includes a wireless charger, and the wireless charger includes a disturbance.

[0201] Figure 6A The waveform of the magnetic field generated by the wireless charger is shown. Figure 6B The waveform of the magnetic field generated by the disturbance is shown; Figure 6C It shows Figure 6A and Figure 6B The superposition of waveforms.

[0202] Figure 7A and Figure 7B The implementation of the disturbances, respectively connected to and disconnected from the circuit, according to this disclosure is illustrated.

[0203] Figure 8 The illustration shows, including, according to Figures 7A-7BAn example implementation of the battery management system for the disturbance.

[0204] Figure 9 The illustration shows, including, according to Figures 7A-7B An example implementation of the battery management system for the disturbance.

[0205] Figure 10A , Figure 10B , Figure 10C , Figure 10D and Figure 10E They are shown respectively Figures 7A-7B An example implementation of a current disturbance.

[0206] Figure 11A and Figure 11B It shows the use for EV charging Figures 7A-7B An example implementation of the disturbance.

[0207] Figure 12 A and Figure 12 B illustrates a method for charging portable electronic devices. Figures 7A-7B An example implementation of the disturbance.

[0208] Figure 13A and Figure 13B An example implementation of a perturbator according to this disclosure is illustrated schematically.

[0209] Figure 14A and Figure 14B An example implementation of a perturbator according to this disclosure is illustrated schematically.

[0210] Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C and Figure 15D An example implementation of a perturbator according to this disclosure is illustrated schematically.

[0211] Figure 16A and Figure 16B An example implementation of a perturbator according to this disclosure is illustrated schematically.

[0212] Figure 17A and Figure 17B An example implementation of a perturbator according to this disclosure is illustrated schematically.

[0213] Figure 18 An example implementation of a perturbator according to this disclosure is illustrated schematically.

[0214] Figure 19 An example implementation of a perturbator according to this disclosure is illustrated schematically.

[0215] Figure 20A , Figure 20B , Figure 20C and Figure 20D Perspective, front, side and top views of the disturbance according to this disclosure are shown respectively.

[0216] Figure 21A , Figure 21B and Figure 21C It shows including Figures 20A-20D The corresponding battery management system for the type of disturbance.

[0217] Figure 22A A wireless power transmission system is shown that is operated to generate a magnetic field for electrochemical benefits; Figure 22B It shows Figure 22A The equivalent circuit of the wireless power transmission system and the voltage waveform of the example drive function.

[0218] Figure 23A A wireless power transmission system is shown that is operated to generate a magnetic field for electrochemical benefits; Figure 23B It shows Figure 23A The equivalent circuit of a wireless power transmission system and the voltage waveform of an example driving function; and Figure 23C An equation is shown that illustrates how to determine the resonant frequency.

[0219] Figure 24A A wireless power transmission system is shown that is operated to generate a magnetic field for electrochemical benefits; Figure 24B It shows Figure 24A The equivalent circuit of the wireless power transmission system, and Figure 24C An equivalent circuit is shown, which is illustrated as having multiple mutual inductance contributions.

[0220] Figure 25 The high-frequency wireless power transmission waveform is shown superimposed with the additional sinusoidal field generated according to Figure 24.

[0221] Figures 26A to 26F A further example of a high-frequency wireless power transmission waveform superimposed with an additional magnetic field generated according to Figure 24 is shown.

[0222] Figure 27A and Figure 27B The components of a wireless power transmission system required for efficient inductive power transmission are shown, as well as the factors that affect the efficiency of wireless power transmission.

[0223] Figure 28A A plot of experimental data is shown, illustrating the effect of the applied static magnetic field on the inductive element as the frequency increases; Figure 28BA potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) plot of the experimental data is shown, illustrating the effect of the applied varying magnetic field on the capacitive element as the frequency decreases.

[0224] Figure 29A and Figure 29B An example compensation strategy for portable electronic device applications is shown.

[0225] Figure 30A and Figure 30B An example compensation strategy for motor vehicle / ship applications is shown.

[0226] Figures 31A-31D They respectively show that they can be used in Figure 22A , Figure 23A and Figure 24A An example of control performed on a wireless power transmission system.

[0227] Figure 32 A and Figure 32 B illustrates magnetic field shielding elements placed in correspondingly different locations. Figure 24A It is part of a wireless power transmission system.

[0228] Figure 33 An example of a magnetic field shielding element including perforations is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0229] Various aspects and embodiments of the invention will now be discussed with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. All documents mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference.

[0230] This disclosure provides a battery management system 100. An example implementation of the battery management system 100 is described in... Figure 1 As shown in the image.

[0231] The battery management system (BMS) 100 includes a battery 20 and circuitry 50 electrically connecting the battery 20 to a power source 40 for charging and an electrical load 30 for discharging. The BMS 100 also includes a disturbance 60. The disturbance 60 includes a magnetic field generator 67 configured to generate a varying magnetic field. The disturbance 60 can be coupled to the circuitry 50 to disturb electromagnetic energy within the circuitry 50.

[0232] exist Figure 1In this example, circuit 50 is for wired charging of battery 20 because it electrically connects battery 20 to power source 40 via a wired connection. Circuit 50 includes a positive battery cable 52 and a negative battery cable 54 for connecting to the positive and negative battery terminals, respectively. Battery 20 in this example is a Li-ion battery, such as a cylindrical Li-ion battery. It is envisioned that battery 20 could be multiple batteries, for example, arranged in one or more battery modules and / or provided as a battery pack, such as a battery pack for an EV.

[0233] Figure 1 The disturbance 60 can be wirelessly and reversibly coupled to the circuit 50, such that the generated changing magnetic field disturbs the electromagnetic energy within the circuit 50. Specifically, in operation, at least a portion of the circuit 50 is placed within the generated changing magnetic field, such that the changing magnetic field penetrates said portion of the circuit 50 and its vicinity to disturb the electromagnetic energy within the circuit, such as inductive energy, capacitive energy, magnetomotive force energy, and / or electromotive force energy.

[0234] When current flows through circuit 50, the changing magnetic field generated by disturbance 60 interferes with the magnetic field generated by current-carrying circuit 50. This causes the current flowing through circuit 50 to be disturbed. To decouple disturbance 60 from circuit 50, it is sufficient, for example, to shut off the changing magnetic field of electromagnetic energy within circuit 50, or to space disturbance 60 from circuit 50, to prevent the changing magnetic field from penetrating the circuit (or to prevent interference with the magnetic field generated by circuit 50).

[0235] A changing magnetic field is time-varying, causing its amplitude and / or direction and / or distribution and / or frequency to change over time. In this example, the changing magnetic field has a frequency between 0.001 Hz and 100 kHz and an amplitude between 0.01 mT and 10 T.

[0236] The magnetic field generator 67 in this example includes a transmitter coil 64 configured to generate a changing magnetic field. The transmitter coil 64 is connected to a power supply 80. In this example, the power supply 80 is different from the power source 40 used to charge the battery and is included by the disturbance 60. However, it is contemplated that the two could be the same, or the disturbance 60 could alternatively be powered by the battery 20 itself.

[0237] Although not shown in the figures, BMS 100 may include a measurement unit configured to acquire measurements of the circuit / battery during operation. In some examples, perturber 60 generates a known magnetic wave function, and the measurement unit measures the response in battery 20. Measurements obtained in this way may include impedance measurements and / or amplitude and phase shift measurements. Perturber 60 may also include a controller. The controller is not shown in the figures but may be housed in the same housing as transmitter coil 64 and communicatively coupled (e.g., electrically grounded) to the transmitter coil. The controller may be configured to control a varying magnetic field generated by perturber 60 (e.g., by magnetic field generator 67). The controller may be configured to adjust the generated varying magnetic field based on feedback from circuit 50. For example, circuit 50 may include a feedback circuit, and the controller may be coupled to the feedback circuit to receive feedback signals therefrom. Alternatively or additionally, the controller may be coupled to the measurement unit to obtain feedback data in the form of measurements from the measurement unit.

[0238] Figure 2 Different implementations of BMS 100 are shown. Figure 2 BMS 100 and Figure 1 The difference in BMS 100 is that circuit 50 is for wireless charging of battery 20. In this case, BMS 100 includes a wireless charger 57, which includes a power source 40. Wireless charger 57 also includes a charger transmitter coil 58 electrically coupled to power source 40 to generate magnetic flux for wireless charging. Circuit 50 includes a charger receiver coil 59 wirelessly coupled to charger transmitter coil 58 to receive the generated magnetic flux. Wireless charger 57 is configured to sense the charging current I in circuit 50. C This is to charge the battery. The current supplied by the disturbance 60 has a greater current than the charging current I. C Small amplitude. In other words, the disturbance 60 is configured to supply current to the circuit 50, but this current is insufficient to charge the battery 20. For example, the current supplied by the disturbance 60 has a smaller amplitude than the charging current I. C The amplitude is 50%, or less than 30%, or less than 20%, or less than 10%, or less than 5% or less than 1%.

[0239] Figure 3A and Figure 3B An implementation of the disturbance 60 according to this disclosure is shown.

[0240] The disturbance 60 defines an opening 75 for receiving a portion of the circuit 50 (such as a portion of the cable of the circuit 50).

[0241] The disturbance 60 includes a pair of jaws 76, 78. The jaws 76, 78 can be in a closed configuration (e.g., Figure 3A (as shown) and open configuration (as shown) Figure 3B The jaws 76 and 78 move between the two openings (shown in the diagram). In a closed configuration, the jaws 76 and 78 contact to define an opening 75. In an open configuration, the jaws 76 and 78 are spaced apart to allow a portion of the circuit 50 to be inserted into the opening 75. The pair of jaws 76 and 78 are provided by the housing 68 of the disturbance 60. The transmitter coil 64 is enclosed within the pair of jaws 76 and 78. Conversely, multiple transmitter coils 64 may be enclosed within the pair of jaws 76 and 78. The disturbance 60 includes a power cable 79 for connection to a power supply device 80, in which case the power supply device is not housed within the jaws 76 and 78.

[0242] Figure 3A and Figure 3B The disturbance 60 can be used to disturb the circuit 50 used for EV charging. This is in Figure 4A and Figure 4B As shown, the disturbance 60 is mounted to and electrically connected to the EV charging point 97 via a disturbance power supply cable 79. The EV charging point 97 has a charging cable 98 that can be connected to the EV to electrically connect the EV battery pack 20 to the power grid (i.e., power source 40). The disturbance 60 clamps around the charging cable 98 using its movable jaws 76, 78. In this way, the disturbance 60 is wirelessly coupled to the charging cable 98 to disturb the electromagnetic energy within the charging cable 98.

[0243] The disturbance 60 is powered by the EV charging point 97 via the disturbance power supply cable 79.

[0244] Next, Figure 5 Another implementation of the battery management system 100 according to this disclosure is shown. The BMS 100 includes, as referenced... Figure 2 The wireless charger 57 under discussion. However, in this implementation, in addition to the charger transmitter coil 68, the wireless charger 57 also includes a disturbance 60. The wireless charger 57 is electrically coupled to the EV charging point 97 via cable 105, and therefore electrically coupled to the power source 40 (e.g., the power grid).

[0245] The wireless charger 57 is configured to transmit a superposition of two varying magnetic fields (waveforms)—one for charging and one for disturbance. The charging transmitter coil 58 is configured to transmit the varying magnetic field for charging (i.e., the charging magnetic field), while one or more transmitter coils 64 of the disturbance 60 are configured to transmit different varying magnetic fields (i.e., the disturbance magnetic field) to disturb electromagnetic energy through the onboard circuitry 50 of the EV99.

[0246] Figure 6A The charging magnetic field shown has a higher density than that shown. Figure 6B The perturbed magnetic field shown has a higher frequency. The perturbed magnetic field has a frequency that is less than 50%, or less than 30%, or less than 20%, or less than 10%, or less than 5%, or less than 1% of the frequency of the charging magnetic field. The charging magnetic field and the perturbed magnetic field are superimposed to form a single waveform, such as... Figure 6C As shown, the waveform is transmitted to the on-board charger receiver coil 59 of the EV 99.

[0247] As an alternative to wireless coupling, the disturbance 60 can be electrically connected to the circuit 50 via a wired connection 82, in a straight line with the circuit 50.

[0248] exist Figure 7A and Figure 7B In this example, the disturbance 60 has an elongated, blocky housing 68. The disturbance 60 includes a first port 72 and a second port 74 for connection to the circuit 50. Ports 72 and 74 are disposed within the housing 68. The first port 72 includes the positive terminal of the disturbance 60, while the second port 74 includes the negative terminal of the disturbance 60. A portion of the circuit 50 can be connected to the first port 72 and the second port 74, as shown below. Figure 7A and Figure 7B As shown.

[0249] In this implementation, the disturbance 60 is a retrofittable component that can be electrically connected to the circuit 50 to disturb the electromagnetic energy therein.

[0250] Figure 8 It shows including Figures 7A-7B The implementation method of BMS 100 for the disturbance 60. Figure 8 With reference Figure 1 The same circuits 50, battery 20, power supply 40, and load 30 are described. Figure 1 The only difference between the implementation in [the previous method] and the one in the present method is that the disturbance 60 is connected to the circuit 50 via a wired connection 82 through its ports 72 and 74. For example, it can be seen from [the previous method]. Figure 12 As can be seen, circuit 50 is electrically connected to each of the positive and negative terminals of disturbance 60 (via its ports 72, 74).

[0251] Figure 9 It shows including Figures 7A-7B Alternative implementations of the BMS 100 for the disturbance 60. Figure 9 With reference Figure 2 The same circuitry 50, battery 20, power supply 40, load 30, wireless charger 57, and charger receiver coil 59 are described. Figure 2 The only difference between the implementation in [the previous method] and the one in the present method is that the disturbance 60 is connected to the circuit 50 via a wired connection 82 through its ports 72 and 74. For example, it can be seen from [the previous method]. Figure 9As can be seen, circuit 50 is electrically connected to each of the positive and negative terminals of disturbance 60 (via its ports 72, 74).

[0252] Next, refer to Figures 10A-10D discuss Figures 7A-7B Various example implementations of the perturbator 60.

[0253] refer to Figure 10A In addition to the housing 68 and ports 72, 74, the disturbance 60 also includes a transmitter coil 64 and a power supply 80. The transmitter coil 64 is electrically connected to the power supply 80. The disturbance also includes positive and negative cable portions 65 electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the disturbance 60. The positive and negative cable portions 65 are connectable to the circuit 50 via the two ports 72, 74 (e.g., to its positive and negative battery cables). The cable portions 65 are arranged close to the transmitter coil 80. Therefore, when the cable portions 65 are connected to the circuit 50, the transmitter coil can interfere with the electromagnetic energy within the cable portions, and thus interfere with the electromagnetic energy within the circuit 50.

[0254] The disturbance 60 may not shut down its power supply device 80. This is in Figure 10B As shown, the transmitter coil 64 is electrically connected to the second port 74 of the disturbance 60 (which is used to connect to the power supply 40), so that when connected to the circuit 50, the transmitter coil 64 can be powered by the power supply 40.

[0255] exist Figures 10C-10E In an example implementation, the perturber 60 also includes a receiver coil 66 coupled to the transmitter coil 64 to receive the magnetic flux (changing magnetic field) generated by the transmitter coil 64. The receiver coil 66 is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the perturber 60 (i.e., connected to the first port 72 and the second port 74). Therefore, when the circuit 50 is connected to the ports of the perturber 60, the receiver coil 66 can supply current to the circuit 50 (i.e., inject current into the circuit) to perturb the electromagnetic energy therein.

[0256] exist Figure 10C In this example, the disruptor includes a power supply 80 connected to the transmitter coil 64. The receiver coil 66 is coupled to the first port 72 and the second port 74 via separate circuitry. In this example, the receiver coil is electrically connected to the positive cable portion of the disruptor 60. However, it is also contemplated that the receiver coil 66 could alternatively be connected to the negative cable portion.

[0257] exist Figure 10DIn this example, the disturbance 60 does not shut off the power supply 80. Instead, the transmitter coil 64 is electrically connected to a second port 74 for connection to the power supply 40. The transmitter coil 64 and the receiver coil 66 are electrically connected to the second port 74 via separate circuits. The receiver coil 66 is connected to the positive cable portion 65; however, it is also contemplated that the receiver coil 66 may alternatively be connected to the negative cable portion.

[0258] Finally, Figure 10E In this example, the transmitter coil 64 and the receiver coil 66 are connected in parallel in the same circuit that is electrically connected to the first port 72 and the second port 74 of the disturbance 60. The receiver coil 66 is connected to the positive cable portion 65; however, it is also contemplated that the receiver coil 66 may alternatively be connected to the negative cable portion.

[0259] by Figures 10A-10D The disturbance 60, implemented in any of the ways shown, can be used to disturb the circuit 50 used for EV charging. This is in Figure 11A and Figure 11B As shown in the diagram, the disturbance 60 is electrically connected to the charging point 97 and further electrically connected to the charging cable 98 of the EV charging point 97. The charging cable 98 can be connected to the EV 99 to electrically connect the EV battery pack 20 to the power grid (i.e., power source 40). In this example, the disturbance 60 is electrically connected to the charging point 97 via its power supply cable 79 (which is electrically connected to the second port 74 of the disturbance 60). The charging cable 98 is inserted into the first port 72 of the disturbance 60 to connect the disturbance 60 to the EV battery pack 20. In this way, the disturbance is inserted between the charging point 97 (and therefore the power source 40) and the EV battery 20. In this way, the disturbance 60 can disturb the electromagnetic energy within the charging cable 98.

[0260] The disturbance 60 is also configured to draw power from the charging point 97 (e.g., from the power grid) via its power supply cable 79.

[0261] exist Figure 12 In example A, with Figures 10A-10D The disturbance 60, implemented in any of the ways shown, is used to disturb the electromagnetic energy within the circuit 50 for charging portable electronic devices. Specifically, Figure 12A shows a charger 103 for charging a portable electronic device 101 (e.g., a mobile phone). The charger 103 includes a charging cable 98 (which is part of circuitry 50 of a BMS 100). The charging cable 98 is connectable to a battery 20 of the portable electronic device 101 and further connectable to a power source 40 (which may be the mains). The charger 103 includes an electrical plug for insertion into an electrical outlet to connect to a power source. The electrical plug 104 includes a disturbance 60. The disturbance 60 is connected to the charging cable 98 via a wired connection. The disturbance is electrically connected to the power source 40 to draw power from it (e.g., via pins of the electrical plug 104). The disturbance can be as follows: Figure 12 B (and its) Figure 10D (Same as shown). Alternatively, the disturbance 60 can be implemented as shown. Figures 10A-10C or Figure 10E This can be achieved in any of the ways shown.

[0262] Figure 13A and Figure 13B Another implementation of the disturbance 60 according to this disclosure is shown.

[0263] Similar to Figure 3A and Figure 3B The disturbance 60 defines an opening 75, and a cable portion is threaded through the opening 75. The cable portion is part of the circuit 50, and more specifically, part of the battery cables 52 and 54. Figure 13A The disturbance 60 includes a transmitter coil 64, the core of which defines an opening 75. Figure 13B The disturbance 60 includes a pair of concentric transmitter coils 64 adjacent to each other. The core of the transmitter coil 64 defines a channel that provides an opening 75 through which a cable portion is threaded.

[0264] The idea is that, Figure 13A and Figure 13B The configuration can be enclosed within the housing of the disturbance 60, and the disturbance may include a cable portion (e.g., according to...). Figures 10A-10B The disturbance 60 includes a cable portion 65. Therefore, both the cable portion and the transmitter coil can be enclosed within the disturbance housing, and the cable portion can be threaded through the transmitter coil, such as... Figure 13A and Figure 13B As shown.

[0265] Similar to Figure 13A The implementation method, Figure 14A and Figure 14BThe disturbance 60 includes a single transmitter coil 64. A cable portion of the circuit 50 is threaded through an opening 75 defined by the transmitter coil 64. Furthermore, the cable portion 50 is then wound around the transmitter coil 64 such that the cable portion 50 is coiled around the cable portion 56. Figure 5 In section A, the coiled cable portion 56 includes one turn (winding), while... Figure 14B In the middle, the coiled cable section 56 includes 3 turns.

[0266] The idea is that, Figure 14A and Figure 14B The configuration can be enclosed within the housing of the disturbance 60, and the disturbance may include a cable portion (e.g., according to...). Figures 10A-10B The disturbance 60 includes a cable portion 65. Therefore, the disturbance may include a cable portion 65 that is threaded through an opening 75 in the transmitter coil 64 and subsequently wound around the transmitter coil, as shown below. Figure 14A and Figure 14B As shown.

[0267] Figures 15A to 15D An implementation of a disturbance 60 is shown, wherein the disturbance 60 clamps a cable portion of circuit 50. In these examples, the disturbance 60 includes a pair of spaced-apart and overlapping transmitter coils 64. Figure 15A In the middle, the transmitter coil 64 clamps the straight cable portion of the circuit 50. In Figure 6B In Figure 6D, the transmitter coil 64 clamps the coiled cable portion 56. Specifically, in Figure 15B In the middle, the transmitter coil 64 clamps the coiled cable portion 56, which has only one turn, while... Figure 15C and Figure 15D In the middle, the transmitter coil 64 clamps the coiled cable portion 56 with multiple turns (approximately 5 turns).

[0268] The idea is that, Figures 15A-15D The configuration can be enclosed within the housing of the disturbance 60, and the disturbance may include a cable portion clamped by the transmitter coil 64 (e.g., according to...). Figures 10A-10B The disturbance 60 includes a cable portion 65. Therefore, the transmitter coil 64 can clamp the straight cable portion 65 (according to...). Figure 15A ), or the transmitter coil 64 can clamp the coiled cable portion 65 (according to Figures 15B-15D They are part of the disturbance.

[0269] The disturbance 60 can be coupled to the circuit 50 so that it is integrated with only one of the battery cables 52 and 54 (i.e., one of the positive battery cable 52 or the negative battery cable 54). This is in Figure 16A and Figure 16B As shown in the image. Specifically, in... Figure 16AIn the middle, only the straight cable portion of the positive battery cable 52 is threaded through the transmitter coil 64 of the disturbance 60, while... Figure 16B In this configuration, only the coiled cable portion 56 of the positive battery cable 52 is positioned adjacent to the transmitter coil 64.

[0270] The idea is that, Figure 16A and Figure 16B The configuration can be enclosed within the housing of the disturbance 60, and the disturbance may include a cable portion (e.g., according to...). Figures 10A-10B The disturbance 60 includes a cable portion 65. Specifically, the disturbance 60 may include a straight cable portion threaded through an opening 75 of the transmitter coil 64 (according to...). Figure 16A ) or the coiled cable portion placed adjacent to the transmitter coil 64 (according to Figure 16B ).

[0271] The disturbance 60 can also be coupled to the circuit 50, integrating it with both the positive battery cable 52 and the negative battery cable 54. This is in Figure 17A and Figure 17B As shown in [the image]. Figure 17A In the middle, the positive battery cable 52 and the negative battery cable 54 are each threaded through the corresponding transmitter coil 64 of the disturbance 60. Figure 17B In the middle, each of the positive and negative battery cables 54 includes a coiled cable portion 56 (including only one turn), and each coiled cable portion 56 is placed on top of the corresponding transmitter coil 64 of the disturbance 60.

[0272] The idea is that, Figure 17A and Figure 17B The configuration can be enclosed within the housing of the disturbance 60, and the disturbance may include a cable portion (e.g., according to...). Figures 10A-10B The disturbance 60 includes cable portions 65. Therefore, the disturbance 60 may include a pair of straight cable portions 65 (positive and negative) threaded through an opening 75 in the transmitter coil 64 (according to...). Figure 17A ) or a pair of coiled cable portions (positive and negative) placed adjacent to the transmitter coil 64 (according to Figure 17B ).

[0273] It is possible that the disturbance 60 includes a plurality of transmitter coils 64 that clamp a plurality of coiled cable portions 56 of the circuit 50.

[0274] This is Figure 18 As shown in [the image]. Figure 18 In this example, the disturbance 60 includes four transmitter coils 64 arranged alternately with the three coiled cable portions 56 of the circuit 50. Each coiled cable portion 56 is sandwiched between a corresponding pair of transmitter coils 64.

[0275] The idea is that, Figure 18 The configuration can be enclosed within the housing of the disturbance 60, and the disturbance 60 may include a coiled cable portion (e.g., according to...). Figures 10A-10B The disturbance 60 includes a cable portion 65. Therefore, the disturbance 60 may include a plurality of (e.g., three) coiled cable portions 65 arranged alternately with a plurality of (e.g., four) transmitter coils 64, such that, according to... Figure 18 Each coiled cable section 65 is clamped between a corresponding pair of transmitter coils 64.

[0276] In some examples, one or more receiver coils 66 may be interwoven with one or more transmitter coils 64 in a single coil, such as Figure 19 As shown. The wires of the receiver coil 66 and the transmitter coil 64 are covered with an electrically insulating material such as enamel, allowing the wires of the receiver coil and the transmitter coil to contact each other without conducting electricity. In this way, the transmitter coil 64 and the receiver coil 66 can be tightly wound together to form a single compact coil, which can be enclosed within the disturbance housing.

[0277] Figures 20A-20D An implementation of a perturber 60 according to this disclosure is shown, wherein the perturber 60 includes a magnetic field guide 90. The magnetic field guide 90 is formed of a ferromagnetic material and includes a racetrack-shaped frame 92. This example of the perturber 60 includes two transmitter coils 64 and two receiver coils 66. Each receiver coil 66 is configured to be coupled to a corresponding one of the transmitter coils 64 to receive magnetic flux therefrom. The transmitter coils and receiver coils 66, configured to be coupled to each other, are wound on opposite branches 94, 96 of the frame 92. The two receiver coils 66 may be wound on the same branch 96 of the frame 92, and the two transmitter coils 64 may be wound on opposite branches 94 of the frame 92, as shown. Figures 20A-20D , Figure 21A and Figure 21C As shown, or two receiver coils 66 can be wound around opposite branches 94, 96 of frame 92, and two transmitter coils 64 can also be wound around opposite branches 94, 96 of frame 92, as shown. Figure 21B As shown.

[0278] Figures 21A-21B The circuit 50 connected to the BMS 100 is shown. Figures 20A-20D A variant arrangement of the disturbance 60.

[0279] exist Figure 21AIn this configuration, transmitter coil 64 is wound on the same branch 94 of magnetic field guide 90, while receiver coil 66 is wound on the opposite branch 96. Each transmitter coil 64 is coupled to a power supply 80. In this example, power supply 80 includes a first power supply and a second power supply, each configured to supply a corresponding different current signal (waveform) to its respective transmitter coil 64. In this way, the perturber 60 can be tuned via waveform control to generate an asymmetrical or “biased” perturbation. It is also contemplated that power supply 80 may be a single power supply configured to supply a corresponding different current signal (waveform) to its respective transmitter coil 64. It is also contemplated that the perturber 60 may include two or more transmitter coils 64 (such as only two transmitter coils), which may be wound on opposite branches 94, 96 of magnetic field guide 90. The magnetic field generated by the transmitter coils 64 can be disturbed to generate a varying magnetic field of the perturber 60, which is a superposition of the various magnetic field waveforms. In some examples, transmitter coil 64 is configured to generate different magnetic field waveforms.

[0280] exist Figure 21B In this configuration, transmitter coil 64 is wound around opposite branches 94 and 96 of magnetic field generator 67. Receiver coil 66 is also wound around opposite branches 94 and 96 of magnetic field generator 67. The two transmitter coils 64 are diagonally spaced from each other relative to the opposite branches 94 and 96, and the same is true for the receiver coil 66. Thus, each receiver coil 66 is separated from its corresponding transmitter coil 64 by the shortest distance spanning the two branches.

[0281] exist Figure 21C In this configuration, the transmitter coil 64 is turned off (when the power supply 80 is turned off), and the magnetic field guide 90 is passively used to filter current spikes during charging / discharging.

[0282] Figure 22A Wireless power transfer (WPT) system 200 is shown. Identical components in WPT system 200 and BMS 100 are indicated by the same reference numerals.

[0283] WPT system 200 includes a power source 40, one or more batteries 20, and circuitry 50 electrically connected to the one or more batteries 20 and to the power source 40. System 200 further includes a wireless charger 57 configured to charge the one or more batteries, the wireless charger including a charger transmitter coil 58 (not shown) configured to generate magnetic flux to charge the one or more batteries 20, and a charger receiver coil 59 configured to receive magnetic flux from the wireless charger transmitter coil. The one or more batteries 20 and receiver coil 59 are part of device 114, such as a motor vehicle (e.g., an EV) or a portable electronic device (e.g., a mobile phone).

[0284] The power source 40, the charger receiver coil 59, and one or more batteries may be connected in series with each other via circuit 50. Alternatively, the charger receiver coil 59 may be connected in parallel to one or more batteries 20 via a wired connection that is part of circuit 50. Figure 22A The document shows two options: series connection and parallel connection; however, it should be understood that they are interchangeable.

[0285] The WPT system 200 can be operated by supplying current from power source 40 to one or more batteries 20 via circuitry, and simultaneously supplying current from power source 40 to charger receiver coil 59 via circuitry 50, thereby generating a magnetic field through one or more batteries, such as that generated by... Figure 22A As shown by the dashed arrow in the image.

[0286] Conveniently, the magnetic field generated by the receiver coil can enhance the electrochemical performance of one or more batteries 20, for example by increasing the charging / discharging rate, capacity, and / or lifespan of one or more batteries.

[0287] When the charger receiver coil 49 is connected in parallel to one or more batteries 20 via a wired connection, the wired connection includes a switch (not shown). The switch can be periodically turned on and off to switch between the wired connection and the parallel branch connection.

[0288] The WPT system 200 in this example includes, as shown in the previous figures (such as...). Figures 9-10E The disturbance 60 described herein.

[0289] In a general sense, this implementation plan provides a process:

[0290] Determine the “wired” characteristics of the wireless power transmission system, such as the limitations of charger receiver coil design / resonance “drive” and “load” circuit compensation topology in inductive and capacitive loads;

[0291] Reconfigure the existing hardware of the WPT system (WPT charger drive circuit) to superimpose an additional magnetic field onto the WPT “wired” charging waveform selected from the drive function, taking care not to exceed the existing design limits determined in the previous step, and ensuring that the resonant “drive” and “load” circuit limits are not exceeded when the DC load increases.

[0292] The driving function is adjusted based on the additional magnetic field and electrochemical resonance modes (SoH, SoC, B) to maintain optimal WPT operating efficiency.

[0293] The electrochemical benefits are observed due to the improved “WPT ‘wired’ charging + MF” drive waveform components penetrating the electrochemical system to obtain the core MF benefits and / or penetrating the circuit elements to generate ripple benefits.

[0294] Figure 22B An equivalent circuit is shown, illustrating the multi-frequency application of an electrochemical load (of one or more batteries 20) through a charger receiver coil 59 and the load depending on the battery frequency, state of health (SoH), state of charge (SoC), and magnetic field strength B.

[0295] The current supplied by power source 40 to the charger receiver coil 59 can be characterized by the driving function f(t). Figure 22B The paper also shows an example of the driving function voltage waveform, demonstrating how different components can be stacked for wired charging applications, in addition to magnetic field enhancement.

[0296] Figure 23A A wireless power transfer (WPT) system 200 is shown, comprising a power source 40 and one or more batteries 20. System 200 further includes a wireless charger 57 configured to charge the one or more batteries, the wireless charger including a charger transmitter coil 58 configured to generate magnetic flux to charge the one or more batteries 20, and a charger receiver coil 59 configured to receive magnetic flux from the wireless charger transmitter coil. The charger transmitter coil 58 is electrically connected to the power source 40 via circuitry 50. The one or more batteries 20 and the receiver coil 59 are part of a device 114, such as a motor vehicle (e.g., an EV) or a portable electronic device (e.g., a mobile phone).

[0297] The charger receiver coil 59 is electrically connected in series with one or more batteries 20 to supply induced charging current to one or more batteries 20.

[0298] The WPT system 200 can be operated by supplying a current signal to the charger transmitter coil 58, the current signal including a charging component and an additional component for electrochemical enhancement; and by generating a magnetic field through the charger transmitter coil 58d that passes through the charger receiver coil 59 to induce a charging current therein and also passes through one or more batteries 20.

[0299] The method may also include electrically connecting and disconnecting the charger receiver coil 59 from one or more batteries 20 over time. In this way, when the battery is electrically disconnected from the charger receiver coil 59, for example during a rest period of the battery charging circuit, the magnetic field generated by the charger transmitter coil 58 can penetrate the battery 20.

[0300] The WPT system 200 in this example includes, as shown in the previous figures (such as...). Figures 9-10E The disturbance 60 described herein.

[0301] Therefore, in a general sense, this implementation scheme provides a process:

[0302] Determine wireless power transmission characteristics, such as charger transmitter / receiver coil design, and / or resonant frequency, and / or limitations of “drive” and “load” circuitry compensation topologies in inductive and capacitive loads;

[0303] Reconfigure the existing hardware (WPT charger driver circuit) to superimpose the additional DC / AC magnetic field waveform onto the WPT charging waveform in the charger transmitter coil driver circuit, taking care not to exceed the existing design limitations identified in the previous steps.

[0304] The resonant / tuned circuit conditions are controlled to maintain optimal WPT operating efficiency by adjusting the "drive" and "load" compensation strategies based on the additional magnetic field and electrochemical resonant modes (ω, SoH, SoC, B) and the mutual coupling coefficient.

[0305] Electrochemical and / or ripple benefits were observed due to the improved “WPT+magnetic field” driven waveform penetration system.

[0306] Figure 23B An equivalent circuit is shown, illustrating the application of multiple frequencies via a charger transmitter coil 58 and an electrochemical load (i.e., one or more batteries 20), the electrochemical load depending on the battery frequency, state of health (SoH), state of charge (SoC), and magnetic field strength B.

[0307] Figure 23B The right side also shows an example drive function voltage waveform, which shows how different components can be stacked for wired charging applications, in addition to magnetic field enhancement (ω is the WPT drive frequency (rad / s) and k is the mutual coupling coefficient of the WPT system).

[0308] at last, Figure 23C Equations illustrating how to determine the resonant frequency of the WPT system 200 are shown. These must be modified to account for the specific topology used in the WPT circuit.

[0309] Next, Figure 24 illustrates a wireless power transmission system comprising: a power source 40; one or more batteries 20; a wireless charger 57 configured to charge the one or more batteries 20, the wireless charger including a charger transmitter coil 58 and a charger receiver coil 59; a circuit 50 electrically connected to the charger transmitter coil and the power source; and an electromagnetic coil 115 electrically connected to the power source 40 via the circuit 50 and configured to generate a magnetic field through the one or more batteries 20.

[0310] The charger receiver coil 59 is electrically connected in series with one or more batteries 20 to supply induced charging current to one or more batteries 20.

[0311] One or more batteries 20 and receiver coil 59 are part of device 114, such as motor vehicles (e.g., EVs) or portable electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones).

[0312] The magnetic field 110 generated by the electromagnetic coil 115 also passes through the charger transmitter coil 58 and the charger receiver coil 59.

[0313] Therefore, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 115 is superimposed on the magnetic field (flux) generated by the charger transmitter coil 59. The magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 115 can be static (DC), sinusoidal, triangular / sawtooth, square / pulsating, DC-biased sinusoidal, or arbitrary (multi-harmonic). The magnetic flux generated by the charger transmitter coil has a high-frequency sinusoidal waveform.

[0314] The superposition of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 115 and the magnetic flux generated by the charger transmitter coil 58 Figures 25 to 26F As shown in the image.

[0315] Depend on Figure 22A The charger receiver coil 59 and the charger receiver coil 59 are in the middle. Figure 22B The magnetic field generated by the transmitter coil 28 in the charger can be similarly superimposed on the magnetic field used to determine the magnetic field based on the magnetic field generated by the transmitter coil 28 in the charger. Figures 25 to 26F The magnetic flux of wireless charging.

[0316] refer to Figure 27A and Figure 27B It has been observed that, for example, in addition to the magnetic flux generated for wireless charging, the magnetic field provided by the wireless power transmission system 200 can affect the inductive and capacitive characteristics of the wireless power transmission system (e.g., the charger transmitter coil 58 and the charger receiver coil 59), thereby altering the resonant conditions in the system used for wireless power transmission.

[0317] Additionally, changes in the resonant conditions in the WPT circuit can also be caused by the low health stage (SoH) of one or more batteries 20, for example due to lifespan degradation and / or by the low state of charge (SoC) of the cell cycle. Low SoH / SoC can be caused by electrochemical degradation in one or more batteries.

[0318] Therefore, by applying a magnetic field through the wireless power transmission system 200 according to the examples of Figures 22-26, it can be conveniently used to compensate for the variation in the resonant conditions in the system caused by the low SoH / SoC of one or more batteries over the lifetime of said / each battery.

[0319] The effect of a static (DC) magnetic field applied to an inductive element (analog cell / dry cell) on inductive measurements with frequencies increasing from 0.1 kHz to 100 kHz is as follows: Figure 28A As shown. Specifically, the inductance decreases due to the applied magnetic field. This is illustrated for multiple test cells, including a control cell, a simulated cell, and a dry cell (in...). Figure 28A (Shown on the right side).

[0320] Therefore, the "drive" (i.e., emitter) circuit must be adequately compensated to allow the introduction of an additional magnetic field coupled to the electrochemical system 20.

[0321] Figure 28B The effect of a dynamic (AC) magnetic field applied to a capacitive element (210 mAh pouch cell) at 100 Hz on a potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) is shown, with the frequency decreasing from 500 kHz to 1 Hz (read from left to right). The inductive circle present under the AC applied field indicates the possible magnetic field effect on the resonant modes in the cell / pack 20. The dark semicircle is a typical PEIS data curve for a pouch cell. This data plot highlights how the “load” receiver circuit must be adequately compensated to allow the introduction of additional magnetic fields coupled to the electrochemical system 20.

[0322] Furthermore, the effects of the magnetic field and / or SoH / SoC on the resonance conditions of system 200 can be compensated for by modifying the characteristics of circuit 50 and / or charger transmitter coil 58 and / or charger receiver coil 59.

[0323] For example, the distance between the charger transmitter coil 58 and the charger receiver coil 59, and / or the number of turns of the charger transmitter coil 58, and / or the number of turns of the charger receiver coil 59 can be selected to achieve a predetermined mutual coupling coefficient k between the charger transmitter coil and the charger receiver coil. This is in Figures 29A-30B As shown in the image.

[0324] Figure 29A and Figure 29B This relates to applications such as those in portable electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones) where wireless power transmission systems are expected to have a relatively high mutual coupling coefficient k. For this purpose, a charger transmitter coil 58 and a charger receiver coil 59 are configured to operate in a frequency range of 1 kHz to 1000 kHz, and each comprises 10 to 50 turns. The mutual coupling coefficient is approximately 0.2 or greater, and the charger transmitter coil 58 and / or the charger receiver coil 59 are formed of copper, lizard, nickel-chromium alloy, or magnetic wire. The coils can be circularly wound or rectangularly wound, such as... Figure 29B As shown.

[0325] Figure 30A and Figure 30B In applications where the wireless power transmission system 200 is intended to have relatively large transmission distances (such as 0.2 m to 2 m), such as in motor vehicle / marine applications, the charger transmitter coil 58 and charger receiver coil 59 are configured to operate in a frequency range of 1 MHz to 10 MHz. The mutual coupling coefficient k is approximately 0.2 or less. Each of the charger transmitter coil 58 and / or charger receiver coil 59 comprises 2 to 5 turns. The charger transmitter coil 58 and / or charger receiver coil 59 are formed of copper (e.g., copper bars).

[0326] Figure 22A , Figure 23A or Figure 24A The operation of the wireless power transmission system 200 shown can be adjusted based on feedback from circuit 50 and / or one or more batteries 20. (This reference...) Figures 31A-31D This allowed for discussion.

[0327] For example, feedback signals / data can be received from a feedback circuit or a measurement unit. Feedback data may include electrical, thermal, magnetic, and / or electrochemical signals / data from system 200.

[0328] The operation of the system can be controlled in an open-loop or closed-loop manner to keep the electrochemical system within the operating range.

[0329] This could involve using PID analysis or fuzzy logic-based analysis to analyze the feedback data.

[0330] In some examples, adjusting the operation of a wireless power transmission system may involve training a machine learning model, such as a neural network, using training data. The training data can be stored in a database. The training data may include electrical, thermal, and / or magnetic data characterizing the system.

[0331] Neural networks can include multiple layers and can be trained using various types of training data, such as... Figure 31C As shown. The neural network also has multiple nodes including one or more input nodes and output nodes, the output nodes outputting the predicted electrochemical performance of one or more batteries and / or the magnetic properties of the magnetic field generating components of the system (such as charger receiver coil 59 and / or charger transmitter coil 58 and / or electromagnetic coil 115). The input nodes may be displacement system control data nodes.

[0332] Advantageously, use Figure 31C The ML model shown allows for the monitoring, control, and ultimate optimization of the macroscopic to nanoscale characteristics of system 200, such as... Figure 31D As shown.

[0333] In some examples, Figures 1-2 1's battery management system orFigure 22A , Figure 23A and Figure 24A The wireless power transmission system may include electronic components 112 that are sensitive to electromagnetic interference (EMI). These may also be referred to as EMC-sensitive electronic devices, where EMC stands for electromagnetic compatibility. EMC-sensitive electronic devices 112 may be part of device 114, which may be a motor vehicle / ship or a portable electronic device such as a mobile phone.

[0334] Therefore, it is desirable to ensure that the magnetic field generated by the system does not negatively affect the performance of EMC-sensitive electronic devices.

[0335] to this end, Figure 32 A and Figure 32 The battery management system 200 shown in B includes a magnetic field shielding element 111, which is configured to dissipate some or all of the magnetic field passing through it.

[0336] Figure 32 A and Figure 32 The magnetic field shielding element 111 in B is substantially planar. The magnetic field shielding element 111 is formed of a conductive and / or ferromagnetic material. As explained above, this material allows for active control of the magnetic field penetration distance and / or the position on the other side of the magnetic field shielding element. Therefore, in Figure 32 In A, a magnetic field shielding element 111 is placed between the charger receiver coil 59 and one or more batteries 20. The magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 115 penetrates the magnetic field shielding element 111 to reach the one or more batteries 20, but does not reach the sensitive electronic components 112 in device 114. Figure 32 In B, the magnetic field shielding element 111 is arranged downstream of one or more batteries 20 along the propagation direction of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 115, and the magnetic field shielding element 111 prevents the magnetic field from reaching the EMC-sensitive electronic device 112 in the device 114.

[0337] like Figure 33 As shown, each magnetic field shielding element 111 may include multiple perforations 113. Conveniently, one or more perforations 113 allow magnetic fields incident on the magnetic field shielding element 111 to pass through unimpeded. Therefore, the depth of magnetic field penetration can be controlled at a finer level without requiring a separate magnetic field shielding element 111 for each region.

[0338] Perforation 113 is rectangular or oval, such as Figure 33 As shown. The perforations 113 are regularly spaced according to a predetermined pattern, thereby forming a grating. Figure 33 In the example shown on the left side, the perforations are arranged in a pattern of multiple nested rectangular frames. Figure 33In the right-hand example, the rectangular perforations 113 are arranged parallel to each other to form a grating. Figure 33 In the central example, the perforations are arranged around the sides of the rectangle and along its diagonals.

[0339] The features disclosed in the foregoing description, or the appended claims, or the drawings, expressed in their particular form or in terms of the means of performing the disclosed functions or the methods or processes for obtaining the disclosed results, may be used individually or in any combination of such features as appropriate to implement the invention in various forms.

[0340] While the invention has been described in conjunction with the exemplary embodiments described above, many equivalent modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art when this disclosure is given. Therefore, the exemplary embodiments of the invention described above are to be considered illustrative rather than restrictive. Various changes may be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0341] To avoid any doubt, any theoretical explanations provided in this article are intended to improve the reader's understanding. The inventors do not wish to be bound by any of these theoretical explanations.

[0342] Any chapter headings used in this document are for organizational purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the subject matter described.

[0343] Throughout the specification (including the following claims), unless the context otherwise requires, the words “comprise” and “include”, as well as variations such as “comprises”, “comprising”, and “including”, shall be understood to mean that the specified integer or step or group of integers or steps is included, but does not exclude any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.

[0344] It must be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, unless the context clearly specifies otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural objects referred to. A range may be expressed herein as from “about” one specific value and / or to “about” another specific value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from said one specific value and / or to another specific value. Similarly, when a value is expressed as an approximation using the antecedent “about,” it should be understood that said particular value forms another embodiment. The numerical term “about” is optional and means, for example, + / - 10%.

Claims

1. A battery management system, comprising: One or more batteries; A circuit, which is electrically connected to the one or more batteries and can be further connected to a power source for charging and / or an electrical load for discharging; as well as A disturbance includes a magnetic field generator configured to generate a magnetic field, the disturbance being coupled to the circuit to use the generated magnetic field to disturb electromagnetic energy within the circuit.

2. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field is a changing magnetic field.

3. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field is a static magnetic field.

4. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the disturbance is coupled to a location on the circuit near the one or more batteries such that the generated magnetic field passes through at least some of the one or more batteries.

5. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the disturbance is reversibly coupled to the circuit.

6. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the electromagnetic energy disturbing the circuit comprises: Limit the current flowing through the circuit and / or disturb the voltage within the circuit and / or change the magnitude and / or direction and / or rate of the current flowing through the circuit.

7. The battery management system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the magnetic field generator includes at least one transmitter coil for generating the changing magnetic field.

8. The battery management system of claim 7, wherein the disturbance includes a plurality of transmitter coils arranged to clamp one or more cable portions.

9. The battery management system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of transmitter coils and the plurality of cable portions are arranged alternately.

10. The battery management system of claim 7, wherein the at least one transmitter coil is arranged to face or be adjacent to one or more cable portions.

11. The battery management system according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the circuitry includes the one or more cable portions.

12. The battery management system according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the disturbance includes the one or more cable portions that are electrically connected to the circuit.

13. The battery management system of claim 11 or 12, wherein the one or more cable portions comprise at least one straight cable portion and / or at least one coiled cable portion comprising at least one turn.

14. The battery management system of claim 13, wherein the at least one coiled cable portion is coiled around a portion of the at least one transmitter coil.

15. The battery management system of claim 13 or 14, wherein the at least one straight cable portion is threaded through the core of the at least one transmitter coil.

16. The battery management system according to any one of claims 7 to 15, wherein: The disturbance includes multiple transmitter coils. The battery management system includes a power supply device for powering the disturbance, and The power supply device is configured to supply different current signals to the corresponding different transmitter coils.

17. The battery management system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the disturbance is wirelessly coupled to the circuit such that at least a portion of the circuit is placed within the changing magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator.

18. The battery management system of claim 17, wherein the disturbance is designed to be shaped and sized to at least partially surround a portion of the circuit.

19. The battery management system of claim 18, wherein the disturbance defines an opening for receiving a portion of the circuit.

20. The battery management system of claim 19, wherein the disturbance includes a pair of jaws movable between a closed configuration and an open configuration, wherein in the closed configuration the jaws contact to define the opening, and in the open configuration the jaws are spaced apart to allow the portion of the circuitry to be inserted into the opening.

21. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the disturbance is electrically connected to the circuit via a wired connection.

22. The battery management system of claim 21, wherein the magnetic field generator includes one or more transmitter coils and one or more receiver coils coupled to the one or more transmitter coils to receive a magnetic field generated by the one or more transmitter coils.

23. The battery management system of claim 22, wherein the one or more receiver coils are electrically connected to the circuit to supply current thereto.

24. The battery management system of claim 22 or 23, wherein the disturbance includes a magnetic field guide, the magnetic field guide including a frame, wherein the one or more receiver coils and / or the one or more transmitter coils are mounted to the frame.

25. The battery management system of claim 24, wherein the frame comprises a pair of opposing branches, and the one or more receiver coils are mounted to one of the opposing branches, and the one or more transmitter coils are mounted to the other of the opposing branches.

26. The battery management system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the battery management system further includes a measurement unit configured to obtain measurements of the circuit and / or the one or more batteries during operation of the circuit and the disturbance.

27. A disturbance for use with a battery management system according to any one of the preceding claims, the disturbance comprising: A magnetic field generator, the magnetic field generator being configured to generate a changing magnetic field; The disturbance is coupled to a circuit to use the changing magnetic field to disturb the electromagnetic energy within the circuit.

28. A method for using a disturbance device to disturb electromagnetic energy within a circuit. The disturbance includes: A magnetic field generator configured to generate a varying magnetic field, wherein a current perturbator is coupled to a circuit to use the varying magnetic field to perturb electromagnetic energy within the circuit. The method includes: Couple the disturbance to the circuit; and The changing magnetic field is generated to disturb the electromagnetic energy within the circuit.

29. A method of operating a wireless power transmission system, the wireless power transmission system comprising: power supply; One or more batteries; A circuit, the circuit being electrically connected to the one or more batteries and the power source; as well as A wireless charger configured to charge the one or more batteries, the wireless charger including a charger transmitter coil configured to generate magnetic flux to charge the one or more batteries, and a charger receiver coil configured to receive the magnetic flux from the wireless charger transmitter coil. The method includes: Current is supplied from the power source to the one or more batteries via the circuit, and Simultaneously, current is supplied from the power source to the charger receiver coil via the circuit, thereby generating a magnetic field through the one or more batteries.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the charger receiver coil is electrically connected in parallel to the one or more batteries via a wired electrical connection including a switch, and the method further includes periodically turning the switch on and off.

31. A method of operating a wireless power transmission system, the wireless power transmission system comprising: power supply; One or more batteries; A wireless charger configured to charge the one or more batteries, the wireless charger including a charger transmitter coil configured to generate magnetic flux to charge the one or more batteries, and a charger receiver coil configured to receive the magnetic flux from the wireless charger transmitter coil. as well as The circuit is electrically connected to the charger transmitter coil and the power source. The method includes: A current signal is supplied to the transmitter coil of the charger, the current signal including a charging component and an additional component for electrochemical enhancement; as well as A magnetic field is generated by the charger's transmitting coil that passes through the charger's receiver coil to induce a charging current therein, and also passes through the one or more batteries.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the charger receiver coil is electrically connected in parallel with the one or more batteries, and the method further comprises electrically connecting and disconnecting the charger receiver coil from the one or more batteries over time.

33. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 32, wherein the wireless power transmission system comprises the battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 26.

34. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 26 or the method according to any one of claims 29 to 33, wherein the battery management system or the wireless power transmission system further comprises one or more magnetic field shielding elements configured to dissipate a portion of the magnetic field passing through it.

35. The battery management system or method of claim 34, wherein / each magnetic field shielding element includes one or more perforations.

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