Equipment and communication methods

Abstract

A device with lower complexity compared to narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) devices includes: a communication unit that transmits and receives a first signal and a second signal with different time units; and a control unit that uses either one of the time units of the first signal and the second signal to determine the gap between the first signal and the second signal following the first signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to equipment and communication methods. Background Technology

[0002] In NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), which is the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies that meet the requirements of high-capacity systems, high-speed data transmission, low latency, simultaneous connection of multiple terminals, low cost, and power saving are being researched (for example, see Non-Patent Literature 1).

[0003] Furthermore, in 3GPP (registered trademark) version 18 (Rel-18), Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) is being researched (see, for example, non-patent document 2). Ambient Internet of Things targets devices with extremely simple structures designed for lower-end IoT applications that operate with minimal power consumption.

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Non-patent literature

[0006] Non-patent document 1: 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.3.0 (2022-12)

[0007] Non-patent literature 2: "Revised SID on Ambient IoT", RP-232404, 3GPP TSG RANMeeting #101, September 2023

[0008] Non-patent document 3: 3GPP TR 38.848 V1.0.0 (2023-09)

[0009] Non-patent document 4: 3GPP TS 36.211 V16.8.0 (2023-09)

[0010] Non-patent literature 5: "Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR", RP-234058, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102, December 2023 Summary of the Invention

[0011] In communication systems that include environmental IoT devices, there is still room for research into the timeline of an exchange between environmental IoT devices and other wireless communication devices.

[0012] This disclosure provides an environment IoT device and a communication method that enable the device to interact with other wireless communication devices in an appropriate timeline.

[0013] Methods for solving problems

[0014] The device involved in one aspect of this disclosure is a device with lower complexity compared to narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) devices, the device having: a communication unit for transmitting and receiving a first signal and a second signal with different time units; and a control unit for determining the gap between the first signal and the second signal following the first signal using either one of the time units of the first signal and the second signal. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating topology 1.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating topology 2.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating topology 3 in DL-assisted programming.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating topology 3 in UL-assisted programming.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating topology 4.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating backscattering transmission.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating the timing of signal acquisition.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating the timing of signal acquisition.

[0024] Figure 10This is a diagram illustrating the scheduling / triggering of D2R transmission based on R2D transmission.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating Proposal 1.

[0026] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating the timing limitations.

[0027] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating Proposal 3.

[0028] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating Proposal 3.

[0029] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating Proposal 3.

[0030] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating Proposal 3.

[0031] Figure 17 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a base station according to an embodiment.

[0032] Figure 18 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the device involved in the embodiment.

[0033] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of the base station and device involved in the implementation method.

[0034] Figure 20 This is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a vehicle. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, the embodiment described below is an example, and the application of the present disclosure is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0036] In operating the wireless communication system according to the embodiments of this disclosure, existing technology is appropriately used. This existing technology includes, for example, existing LTE or NR, but is not limited to, existing LTE or NR. Furthermore, the term "LTE" as used in this specification is assumed to have a broad meaning encompassing LTE-Advanced and subsequent methods, unless otherwise specified.

[0037] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this disclosure described below, terms such as SS (synchronization signal), PSS (primary SS), SSS (secondary SS), PBCH (physical broadcast channel), PRACH (physical random access channel), PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), PUCCH (physical uplink control channel), and PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) used in existing LTE are used. This is for ease of description; signals, functions, etc., that are the same as these can also be referred to by other names. In addition, the above terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily explicitly stated as "NR-".

[0038] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this disclosure, the duplex mode can be either TDD (Time Division Duplex) mode, FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) mode, or other modes (e.g., Flexible Duplex).

[0039] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this disclosure, the so-called "configured" wireless parameters can be either specific values ​​that are pre-configured or wireless parameters that are notified from base stations, devices, terminals, etc.

[0040] <Wireless Communication Systems>

[0041] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of this disclosure. (See diagram for example.) Figure 1 As shown, the wireless communication system 1 includes a base station 10 and a device 20. Figure 1In this example, one base station 10 and one device 20 are shown, but this is just one example; multiple base stations and devices may exist. A base station is also referred to as a BS (Base Station), gNB, etc. Device 20 can also be called a terminal (UE: User Equipment), and can be an environmental IoT device with lower complexity compared to NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) devices. Environmental IoT devices can also be called environmental IoT terminals, environmental IoT UEs, etc.

[0042] Base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and communicates wirelessly with device 20. The physical resources of the wireless signal are defined in the time domain and frequency domain. The time domain can also be defined by the number of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols. The frequency domain can also be defined by the number of subcarriers or resource blocks.

[0043] Base station 10 sends control information, setting information, data, and other DL signals to device 20 via DL (Downlink). Base station 10 receives control information, information related to the processing capabilities of device 20 (device capability (information) or A-IoT capability (information); for example, capability, device capability, A-IoT capability, A-IoT device capability, etc.), data, and other UL signals from device 20 via UP (Uplink).

[0044] The channels used in transmitting DL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For instance, the data channel may include a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), and the control channel may include a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). For example, base station 10 uses PDCCH to transmit control information and PDSCH to transmit DL data signals to device 20. Furthermore, PDSCH is an example of a downlink shared channel or data channel, and PDCCH is an example of a downlink control channel. PDCCH can also be rewritten to transmit downlink control information (DCI), control information, etc., within the PDCCH.

[0045] As will be described later, wireless communication systems may also include intermediate nodes, assisting nodes, and / or terminals (UEs) (see <Equipment Types and Topologies> below). Additionally, hereinafter, "and / or" will sometimes be simply referred to as " / ".

[0046] Device 20 is a communication device with wireless communication capabilities, and as described above, it can be an environmental IoT device (e.g., a sensor). Hereinafter, environmental IoT devices are also referred to as A-IoT UEs or A-IoT devices. A-IoT devices can also be called A-IoT terminals.

[0047] Device 20 receives control signals, setting information, data and other DL signals from base station 10 via DL, and sends control signals, device 20 capability information, data and other UL signals to base station 10 via UL.

[0048] The channels used in transmitting UL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For instance, a data channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and a control channel may include a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). For example, device 20 uses PUCCH to transmit control information and PUSCH to transmit UL data signals. Furthermore, PUSCH is an example of an uplink shared channel or a data channel, and PUCCH is an example of an uplink control channel. Additionally, PUSCH or PUCCH can be rewritten to transmit uplink control information (UCI), control information, etc., within PUSCH or PUCCH.

[0049] <Environmental IoT>

[0050] In Rel-18, research on environmental IoT that is lower-end than existing NB-IoT (e.g., see section 10 of Non-Patent Document 4) was approved (e.g., see Non-Patent Document 2). In environmental IoT, the goal is to target ultra-low-power consumption and ultra-low-complexity devices.

[0051] In environmental IoT, for example, for related use cases, deployment scenarios and characteristics can be studied.

[0052] Indoor or outdoor environment

[0053] • Base station type, for example, configuration based on macro / micro / pecimen cells

[0054] • The topology involved in connectivity, such as which node among base stations, users (UEs), relay stations, and repeaters communicates with the environmental IoT devices.

[0055] • Is the duplex mode TDD or FDD? Is the frequency band licensed or unlicensed?

[0056] • Coexistence with UEs and network equipment in frequency bands oriented towards existing 3GPP technologies

[0057] • Concept of services originating from / incoming from the device

[0058] Based on the aforementioned import scenarios and characteristics, for example, the following RAN design goals can be planned and formulated.

[0059] Power consumption

[0060] Complexity

[0061] • Coverage

[0062] Data rate

[0063] • Positioning accuracy

[0064] Based on import scenarios suitable for associated use cases, compare and evaluate the feasibility of achieving the design goals, and determine the supported functions.

[0065] <Device Type and Topology>

[0066] Based on the results of the research project, TR 38.848 (Non-Patent Document 3) was approved. TR 38.848 investigates environmental IoT devices in the following categories.

[0067] Device A: Device A does not have an energy storage device, nor does it have independent signal generation and signal amplification functions, and it performs backscattering transmission.

[0068] Device B: Device B has a power storage device but does not have independent signal generation capabilities; it performs backscatter transmission. Device B uses the stored power to amplify the reflected signal.

[0069] Device C: Device C has a power storage device, an independent signal generation function, and an active RF (radio frequency) component for transmission.

[0070] In addition, regarding the complexity of device A, consider the level of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification).

[0071] In TR 38.848, in the context of IoT networks, topologies 1-4 as described below are defined.

[0072] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. For example... Figure 2 As shown, Topology 1 is the structure for communication between the base station (BS) and environmental IoT devices. The environmental IoT devices directly perform bidirectional communication with the base station.

[0073] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. For example... Figure 3 As shown, Topology 2 is a structure in which the base station and the environmental IoT device communicate via an intermediate node. The environmental IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node configured between the base station and the environmental IoT device. The intermediate node can be, for example, a relay station, an IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul) node, a UE, a repeater, etc.

[0074] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating topology 3 in DL-assisted programming. For example... Figure 4 As shown, Topology 3 is a structure that includes communication between the base station and the assistant node, communication between the assistant node and the environmental IoT device, and communication between the environmental IoT device and the base station.

[0075] Auxiliary nodes assist in deep communication. For example, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the auxiliary node receives the DL signal from the base station and sends the received DL signal to the environmental IoT device. For UL communication, the environmental IoT device sends the UL signal directly to the base station.

[0076] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating topology 3 in UL-assisted implementation. For example... Figure 5 As shown, Topology 3 is a structure that includes communication between the base station and auxiliary nodes, communication between auxiliary nodes and environmental IoT devices, and communication between environmental IoT devices and the base station.

[0077] Auxiliary nodes assist UL communication. For example, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the auxiliary node receives the UL signal from the environmental IoT device and sends the received UL signal to the base station. For DL ​​communication, the environmental IoT device receives the DL signal directly from the base station.

[0078] Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 The auxiliary nodes shown can also be relay stations, IAB nodes, UEs, repeaters, etc.

[0079] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates Topology 4. Topology 4 is the structure for communication between the UE and the environmental IoT devices. The environmental IoT devices and the UE perform bidirectional communication. The communication involved in Topology 4 can also be understood as side-link (SL) communication.

[0080] In addition, in the topologies 1 to 4 described above, environmental IoT devices can also be provided with carriers from other nodes inside or outside the topology (see Section 4.2.1 of Non-Patent Document 3).

[0081] In the wireless communication system 1 (wireless communication network), in addition to device 20, it may also include a base station, auxiliary nodes, intermediate nodes, and / or terminals (UEs of topology 4). In this specification, base station, auxiliary nodes, intermediate nodes, and terminals may also be rewritten as network or (network) node. Furthermore, A-IoT devices are sometimes simply referred to as A-IoT.

[0082] <Backscatter transmission>

[0083] Base stations, intermediate nodes, auxiliary nodes, and other nodes send RF signals to environmental IoT devices. The environmental IoT devices are activated and receive power from the RF operating field of the base stations, intermediate nodes, auxiliary nodes, and other nodes via inductive coupling.

[0084] Environmental IoT devices use the reflection coefficient of their own antennas to perform backscatter modulation on RF signals received from base stations, intermediate nodes, auxiliary nodes, and other nodes, and then transmit the information to the base stations, intermediate nodes, auxiliary nodes, and other nodes.

[0085] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating backscattering. In Figure 7 The image shows an example of an environmental IoT device performing ON-OFF keying and sending information. Figure 7 The area shown by the dashed line can also represent the OFF (off) interval, or it can correspond to the information (bit) "0". A sine wave signal can also correspond to the information "1".

[0086] <Rel-19 SID>

[0087] In the Rel-19 SID (Study Item Description), the solutions required and achievable for A-IoT are being studied (see Section 4.1 of Non-Patent Document 5). The solutions under study include, for example, determining which functions and processes are necessary and which are unnecessary.

[0088] Several issues were discussed under the leadership of RAN1 regarding the deep learning (DL) and long-range (UL) mechanisms in A-IoT. One of the issues discussed was the scheduling and timing relationships between DL and UL in A-IoT.

[0089] In Rel-19 SID, Figures 2-6 In the topologies shown, topologies 1 and 2 are of interest.

[0090] In Topology 1, UL / DL communication occurs between the base station and the A-IoT UE without going through intermediate nodes. Additionally, the base station in Topology 1 can also correspond to a microcell.

[0091] In Topology 2, UL / DL communication occurs between the base station and the A-IoT UE via an intermediate node. The A-IoT UE and the intermediate node configured between the base station and the A-IoT UE perform bidirectional communication. Furthermore, the base station in Topology 2 can also correspond to a macro cell. Additionally, Topology 2 can also be applied to indoor scenarios. Hereinafter, the intermediate node will also be referred to as intermediate UE, int.UE (intermediate UE), or Int.UE, etc.

[0092] <R2D and D2R>

[0093] R2D stands for "reader to device". D2R stands for "device to reader". "Reader" is equivalent to a base station and intermediate nodes. "Device" is equivalent to A-IoT.

[0094] In A-IoT wireless communication systems, R2D can also be understood as DL. R2D data transmission can also be performed on a physical channel such as PRDCH (physical reader to device channel). R2D control transmission can also be performed on the same physical channel as R2D data transmission or on a different physical channel.

[0095] In A-IoT wireless communication systems, D2R can also be understood as UL (Ultimate Logic). D2R data transmission can also be performed on a physical channel such as PDRCH (Physical Device to Reader Channel). D2R control transmission can also be performed on the same physical channel as D2R data transmission or on a different physical channel.

[0096] R2D, R2D transmit, R2D signal, DL, and DL signal can also be used interchangeably. D2R, D2R transmit, R2D signal, UL, and UL signal can also be used interchangeably.

[0097] <Timed signal acquisition>

[0098] A consensus was reached on researching timing acquisition signals in R2D and D2R transmissions. Regarding timing acquisition signals, the time-domain frame structure is under investigation.

[0099] For example, such as Figure 8 As shown, in R2D transmission, the R2D timing acquisition signal (e.g., the R2D preamble) is included at least for timing acquisition and to indicate the start of R2D transmission in the time domain.

[0100] For example, such as Figure 9 As shown, in D2R transmission, the D2R timing acquisition signal (e.g., D2R preamble) is included at least for timing acquisition and to indicate the start of D2R transmission in the time domain.

[0101] In addition, other components such as the midamble, postamble, periodic synchronization signal, control field, and guard period are called FFS (For Further Study).

[0102] <Equipment Types in RAN1>

[0103] In RAN1, for study purposes, the following terminology is used regarding equipment type.

[0104] Equipment 1

[0105] Device 1 (also referred to as Type 1) is a type of device that consumes power with a peak power of less than 1 μW. Device 1 has an energy storage device and an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of a maximum Z [ppm (parts per million)] (Z is 10 to the power of x, where x is an integer greater than or equal to 0). Furthermore, there is no amplification (amplifier) ​​on either the DL or UL in Device 1. UL transmission in Device 1 is performed via backscattering of a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source. Additionally, SFO represents the difference in sampling frequencies between the transmitting and receiving sides. SFO can also be understood, for example, as representing the accuracy of time synchronization between the transmitting and receiving sides.

[0106] Equipment 2a

[0107] Device 2a (also referred to as type 2a) is a type of device that consumes peak power of several hundred μW. Device 2a has an energy storage device and an initial SFO of a maximum Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the power of x (x is an integer greater than 0)). Furthermore, in device 2a, DL / UL amplification is performed. UL transmission in device 2a is performed via backscattering from a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source.

[0108] Equipment 2b

[0109] Device 2b (also referred to as type 2b) is a type of device that consumes peak power of several hundred μW. Device 2b has an energy storage device and an initial SFO of a maximum Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the power of x (x is an integer greater than 0)). Furthermore, DL / UL amplification is performed in device 2b. UL transmission in device 2b is performed internally. That is, UL transmission in device 2b can also be performed without backscattering from an externally provided carrier wave (CW).

[0110] <Research Item 1>

[0111] As explained in the section on "Timing Acquisition Signals" above, the D2R preamble is studied to indicate the start of timing acquisition and D2R transmission.

[0112] On the other hand, the network can also control the start of UL transmission, such as D2R preamble / control / data. Network-controlled UL transmission is beneficial to the network, for example, in A-IoT multiplexing / A-IoT and legacy UE multiplexing.

[0113] As an example of the beginning of network control UL transmission, such as Figure 10 As shown, R2D transmissions can also schedule / trigger corresponding D2R transmissions. For example, the time-domain interval between R2D and D2R transmissions can be specified in the specification or indicated from the network.

[0114] However, because A-IoT is low-end and has a large SFO (Size of Default), time synchronization for D2R transmissions sometimes fails between A-IoT and the network. Furthermore, the TA (Transmission Control) commands used for D2R transmissions may not be standardized. Therefore, there are situations where the network cannot receive D2R preambles / control / data.

[0115] Therefore, in this disclosure, in Proposal 1, a technology is proposed that enables A-IoT to perform D2R transmission appropriately.

[0116] <Proposal 1>

[0117] Proposal 1 proposes a technique for defining the interval between R2D and D2R transmissions. Proposal 1 envisions R2D transmissions scheduling / triggering corresponding D2R transmissions. The following uses... Figure 11 Explanation of Proposal 1.

[0118] like Figure 11 As indicated by arrow A11a, the time-domain gap between the R2D transmission and the nominal start time of the corresponding D2R transmission is the X time unit. X can be defined in the specification or indicated from the network. If X is indicated from the network, it can also be indicated in the R2D transmission. The time unit can also be a symbol, time slot, or other time unit defined for A-IoT.

[0119] The actual start of D2R transmission can also occur within a time window.

[0120] about Figure 11 The gap between the earliest allowed actual start time for R2D transmission and D2R transmission, as indicated by arrow A11b, provides the following options 1a, 1b, and 1c.

[0121] <Proposal 1 - Option 1a>

[0122] Figure 11 The gap between the earliest actual start time of R2D transmission and D2R transmission, as indicated by arrow A11b, is represented by the following equation (1a).

[0123]

[0124] Y represents the tolerance. Y can also be defined in the specification. Since Y depends on SFO, it can also be defined for each device type as described in <Device Types in RAN1>.

[0125] Y can also be reported to the network via A-IoT. Y can also be indicated by the network.

[0126] In A-IoT and networks, to achieve resynchronization of R2D / D2R transmissions, a midamble can be inserted into the R2D / D2R transmission. The value of Y can also differ depending on whether a midamble is included in the R2D / D2R transmission. For example, the value of Y in the case of an R2D / D2R transmission including a midamble can be less than the value of Y in the case of an R2D / D2R transmission not including a midamble.

[0127] The time units of X and Y can also be different. For example, X can be represented by symbols, while Y can be represented by a time unit such as us.

[0128] <Proposal 1 - Option 1b>

[0129] Figure 11 The gap between the earliest actual start time of R2D transmission and D2R transmission, as indicated by arrow A11b, is represented by the following equation (1b).

[0130]

[0131] Z, for example, represents 10. x Permissible values ​​for SFO such as ppm. Z can also be defined in the specification. Z can also be defined for each device type as described in <Device Types in RAN1>.

[0132] Z can also be reported to the network via A-IoT. Z can also be indicated by the network.

[0133] The value of Z can also vary depending on whether an indicative code is included in the R2D / D2R transmission. For example, the value of Z in the case where an indicative code is included in the R2D / D2R transmission may be less than the value of Z in the case where an indicative code is not included in the R2D / D2R transmission.

[0134] <Proposal 1 - Option 1c>

[0135] Figure 11 The gap between the earliest actual start time of R2D transmission and D2R transmission, as indicated by arrow A11b, is represented by the following equation (1c).

[0136]

[0137] Z and Y are the same as those described in <Proposal 1-Option 1a> and <Proposal 1-Option 1b> above, and their descriptions are omitted.

[0138] X The time unit of (1-Z) can also be different from the time unit of Y. For example, X (1-Z) can also be represented by symbols, and Y can also be represented by a time such as us.

[0139] The above explains the gap between the earliest allowed actual start time for R2D transmission and D2R transmission.

[0140] about Figure 11 The gap between the R2D transmission and the latest allowed actual start time of the D2R transmission, as indicated by arrow A11c, provides the following options 2a, 2b, and 2c.

[0141] <Proposal 1 - Option 2a>

[0142] Figure 11 The gap between the R2D transmission indicated by arrow A11c and the latest allowed actual start time of the D2R transmission is represented by the following equation (2a).

[0143]

[0144] Y represents the tolerance. Y can also be defined in the specification. Since Y depends on SFO, it can also be defined for each device type as described in <Device Types in RAN1>.

[0145] Y can also be reported to the network via A-IoT. Y can also be indicated by the network.

[0146] The value of Y can also vary depending on whether an indicative code is included in the R2D / D2R transmission. For example, the value of Y in the case where an indicative code is included in the R2D / D2R transmission may be less than the value of Y in the case where an indicative code is not included in the R2D / D2R transmission.

[0147] The time units of X and Y can also be different. For example, X can be represented by symbols, while Y can be represented by a time unit such as us.

[0148] <Proposal 1 - Option 2b>

[0149] Figure 11 The gap between the R2D transmission indicated by arrow A11c and the latest allowed actual start time of the D2R transmission is represented by the following equation (2b).

[0150]

[0151] Z, for example, represents 10. x Permissible values ​​for SFO such as ppm. Z can also be defined in the specification. Z can also be defined for each device type as described in <Device Types in RAN1>.

[0152] Z can also be reported to the network via A-IoT. Z can also be indicated by the network.

[0153] The value of Z can also vary depending on whether an indicative code is included in the R2D / D2R transmission. For example, the value of Z in the case where an indicative code is included in the R2D / D2R transmission may be less than the value of Z in the case where an indicative code is not included in the R2D / D2R transmission.

[0154] <Proposal 1 - Option 2c>

[0155] Figure 11 The gap between the R2D transmission indicated by arrow A11c and the latest allowed actual start time of the D2R transmission is represented by the following equation (2c).

[0156]

[0157] Z and Y are the same as those described in <Proposal 1 - Option 2a> and <Proposal 1 - Option 2b> above, and their descriptions are omitted.

[0158] X The time unit of (1-Z) can also be different from the time unit of Y. For example, X (1-Z) can also be represented by symbols, and Y can also be represented by a time such as us.

[0159] The above explains the gap between the latest allowed actual start time for R2D transmission and D2R transmission.

[0160] <Proposal 1 - Variation 1>

[0161] The values ​​of "Y" and "Z" described in <Proposal 1-Option 1a> to <Proposal 1-Option 1c> above can be the same as or different from the values ​​of "Y" and "Z" described in <Proposal 1-Option 2a> to <Proposal 1-Option 2c>. That is, the parameters related to the gap between the earliest allowed actual start time of R2D transmission and D2R transmission can be the same as or different from the parameters related to the gap between the latest allowed actual start time of R2D transmission and D2R transmission.

[0162] <Proposal 1 - Change 2>

[0163] The values ​​of Y and Z can also be associated with the duration of X (a time unit), the duration of a time slot or symbol (a 1-time unit), the transmission frequency, or the subcarrier spacing. That is, different values ​​are allowed if the time unit, time slot or symbol, transmission frequency, or subcarrier spacing of X are different.

[0164] For example, the longer the period (duration) of X time units / 1 time unit, the larger the value of Y can be.

[0165] For example, the longer the period of X time units / 1 time unit is, the smaller the value of Z can be.

[0166] For example, the smaller the transmission frequency / subcarrier spacing, the larger the value of Y can be.

[0167] For example, the smaller the transmission frequency / subcarrier spacing, the smaller the value of Y can be.

[0168] From the perspective of A-IoT, it can be envisioned that the timing of transmission and reception is scheduled in a way that meets the time gap requirement, or that transmission is performed when the time gap requirement between reception and transmission is met, or that transmission is skipped when the time gap requirement between reception and transmission is not met.

[0169] <Proposal 1 - Change 3>

[0170] From the perspective of A-IoT, Proposal 1 may have an impact on the RAN4 requirements.

[0171] For D2R transmission to occur, A-IoT is required to meet the SFO requirement and perform D2R transmission with the SFO not exceeding the required value. That is, A-IoT performs D2R transmission with the Z value not exceeding the aforementioned value. Therefore, the requirement can be defined by the SFO.

[0172] When A-IoT satisfies SFO, and the time-domain gap between the nominal start time of R2D transmission and the corresponding D2R transmission is defined / indicated in X time units, the gap between the actual start time of R2D transmission and D2R transmission will not exceed the required value. For example, the gap between the actual start time of R2D transmission and D2R transmission will not exceed equation (2b) or equation (2c). Furthermore, the gap between the actual start time of R2D transmission and D2R transmission will not be less than the required value. For example, the gap between the actual start time of R2D transmission and D2R transmission will not be less than equation (1b) or equation (1c).

[0173] Alternatively, for D2R transmission, A-IoT is required to meet the requirement of a time gap between the actual start time of R2D transmission and D2R transmission. Therefore, the requirement can be defined by the time gap between the actual start time of R2D transmission and D2R transmission.

[0174] When the time-domain gap between the R2D transmission and the nominal start time of the corresponding D2R transmission is defined / indicated in units of X time, A-IoT performs D2R transmission in a manner such that the gap between the actual start time of the R2D transmission and the D2R transmission is not greater than the required value. For example, A-IoT performs D2R transmission in a manner where the gap is not greater than equation (2a). Furthermore, A-IoT performs D2R transmission in a manner such that the gap between the actual start time of the R2D transmission and the D2R transmission is not less than the required value. For example, A-IoT performs D2R transmission in a manner where the gap is not less than equation (1a).

[0175] Alternatively, for D2R transmission, A-IoT is required to meet the requirement of a time gap between the nominal start time of the D2R transmission and the actual start time of the D2R transmission. Therefore, the requirement can be defined by the time gap between the nominal start time of the D2R transmission and the actual start time of the D2R transmission. A-IoT performs D2R transmission in a manner where the time gap between the nominal start time of the D2R transmission and the actual start time of the D2R transmission does not exceed the required value.

[0176] From the reader's perspective (Int.UE's perspective), Proposal 1 may affect the RAN1 requirements.

[0177] When the reader receives D2R, the reader expects the actual start of D2R transmission in A-IoT to occur within the time window described in Proposal 1. "Expect" can also be used interchangeably with "concept".

[0178] <Proposal 1 - Change 4>

[0179] R2D transmission can also consist of R2D preamble / R2D control / R2D data / R2D postcode. The postcode can also be a signal indicating the end of R2D transmission.

[0180] D2R transmission can also be D2R preamble / D2R control / D2R data. That is, the time gap can correspond to the gap between R2D preamble / R2D control / R2D data / R2D postamble and D2R preamble / D2R control / D2R data.

[0181] <Proposal 1 - Change 5>

[0182] The above description addresses the gap between R2D and D2R, but Proposal 1 also applies to the gaps between D2R and R2D, D2R and D2R, and R2D and R2D.

[0183] <Proposal 1 - Summary>

[0184] After receiving the R2D transmission, A-IoT sends a D2R transmission according to the nominal start time of the D2R transmission. Through this operation, A-IoT can perform D2R transmission appropriately.

[0185] <Research Item 2>

[0186] The following timing limitations were studied.

[0187] Minimum / maximum value of T-R2D-D2R: The minimum / maximum time interval between an R2D transmission and a corresponding D2R transmission following the R2D transmission.

[0188] Additionally, the minimum / maximum values ​​for T-R2D-D2R can also be defined in the specification. The minimum / maximum values ​​for T-R2D-D2R can also be defined for each device type in RAN1. The minimum / maximum values ​​for T-R2D-D2R can also be reported as a feature of A-IoT.

[0189] Figure 12 This diagram illustrates the timing constraints. After receiving the R2D transmission, A-IoT performs processing such as demodulation and decoding of the R2D transmission before performing D2R transmission. Therefore, the network can transmit at least... Figure 12 Arrow A12a indicates that A-IoT is scheduled / triggered by executing D2R transmissions after the A-IoT processing time. A-IoT does not expect R2D transmissions, and the time interval between the R2D transmission and the corresponding D2R transmission is less than the minimum value / greater than the maximum value.

[0190] Here, according to Proposal 1, for example, there may be a nominal start time for D2R transmission, the earliest allowed actual start time for D2R transmission, and the latest allowed actual start time for D2R transmission. The network considers the start time of Proposal 1 and schedules / triggers D2R transmissions within the minimum / maximum range of T-R2D-D2R.

[0191] However, the timing constraints mentioned above (minimum / maximum of T-R2D-D2R) are not clearly defined from which start time the D2R transmission originates. Therefore, a mismatch in timing constraints occurs between the network and A-IoT, sometimes causing A-IoT wireless communication systems to malfunction.

[0192] Therefore, in this disclosure, in Proposal 2, a technique is proposed that enables the wireless communication system of A-IoT to operate appropriately.

[0193] <Proposal 2>

[0194] Proposal 2 proposes a technique for the minimum / maximum value of T-R2D-D2R, i.e., the time gap between the end time of R2D transmission and the start time of the corresponding D2R transmission that follows.

[0195] Minimum / maximum values ​​can also be defined in the specification. Minimum / maximum values ​​can also be defined for each device type as described in <Device Types in RAN1> or for each device type as described in <Device Types and Topologies>. Minimum / maximum values ​​can also be reported as A-IoT capabilities.

[0196] Regarding the minimum / maximum value of T-R2D-D2R, the following options 1~4 are provided.

[0197] <Proposal 2 - Option 1>

[0198] The start time of D2R transmission refers to the actual start time of D2R transmission. A-IoT expects the time interval between the end time of R2D transmission and the corresponding actual start time of D2R transmission to be below the maximum value / above the minimum value.

[0199] <Proposal 2 - Option 2>

[0200] The start time of D2R transmission refers to the nominal start time of D2R transmission in Proposal 1. That is, for "X" in Proposal 1, a minimum / maximum value is defined.

[0201] A-IoT expects the time gap between the end time of R2D transmission and the nominal start time of the corresponding D2R transmission (defined in Proposal 1) to be below the maximum value / above the minimum value. A-IoT expects "X" in Proposal 1 to be below the maximum value / above the minimum value.

[0202] <Proposal 2 - Option 3>

[0203] The start time of D2R transmission refers to the earliest actual start time permitted for D2R transmission in Proposal 1. For "X-Y", "X" in Proposal 1... (1-Z)” or “X” (1-Z)-Y” is defined as the minimum / maximum value.

[0204] A-IoT expects the time gap between the end time of R2D transmission and the earliest allowed actual start time of D2R transmission (defined in Proposal 1) to be below the maximum value / above the minimum value. A-IoT expects the time gap between "X-Y" and "X" in Proposal 1 to be below the maximum value / above the minimum value. (1-Z)” or “X” "(1-Z)-Y” means below the maximum value / above the minimum value.

[0205] <Proposal 2 - Option 4>

[0206] The start time of D2R transmission refers to the latest actual start time allowed for D2R transmission in Proposal 1. For "X+Y", "X" in Proposal 1... (1+Z) or "X" (1+Z)+Y” is defined as the minimum / maximum value.

[0207] The time gap between the expected end time of A-IoT R2D transmission and the latest allowed actual start time of D2R transmission (defined in Proposal 1) is below the maximum value / above the minimum value. A-IoT expects the "X+Y", "X" in Proposal 1 to be... (1+Z) or "X" "(1+Z)+Y" means below the maximum value / above the minimum value.

[0208] <Proposal 2 - Change 1>

[0209] R2D transmission can also be R2D preamble / R2D control / R2D data / R2D postamble. The postamble is a signal indicating the end of R2D transmission.

[0210] D2R transmission can also be D2R preamble / D2R control / D2R data. That is, the time gap can correspond to the gap between R2D preamble / R2D control / R2D data / R2D postamble and D2R preamble / D2R control / D2R data.

[0211] <Proposal 2 - Change 2>

[0212] The minimum / maximum values ​​of T-R2D-D2R have been explained in the above description, but Proposal 2 also applies to the minimum / maximum values ​​of T-D2R-R2D, T-D2R-D2R, and T-R2D-R2D.

[0213] <Proposal 2 - Summary>

[0214] The minimum and / or maximum values ​​of the time interval between the end time of R2D transmission and the actual start time of D2R transmission are specified. This ensures the proper operation of the A-IoT wireless communication system.

[0215] The minimum and / or maximum values ​​of the time interval between the end time of R2D transmission and the nominal start time of D2R transmission are specified. This allows the A-IoT wireless communication system to operate appropriately.

[0216] The minimum and / or maximum values ​​of the time interval between the end time of R2D transmission and the earliest allowed actual start time of D2R transmission are specified. This allows the A-IoT wireless communication system to operate appropriately.

[0217] The minimum and / or maximum values ​​of the time interval between the end time of R2D transmission and the latest allowed actual start time of D2R transmission are specified. This allows the A-IoT wireless communication system to operate appropriately.

[0218] <Research Item 3>

[0219] For example, there are cases where the duration of the time unit defined for R2D transmission and D2R transmission differs. For instance, there are cases where the time unit for R2D transmission and D2R transmission is a symbol, and the duration of a symbol in R2D transmission is 33.3 µs while the duration of a symbol in D2R transmission is 66.7 µs.

[0220] You can also define or indicate the time gap between R2D and D2R transmissions / the time gap between D2R and R2D transmissions / the time gap between R2D and R2D transmissions / the time gap between D2R and D2R transmissions.

[0221] However, if it is unclear whether the granularity of the gap is in the time unit of R2D transmission or D2R transmission, the wireless communication system may sometimes fail to operate properly.

[0222] For example, suppose the symbol period for R2D transmission differs from that for D2R transmission. In this case, it is unclear whether the various formulas described in Proposal 1 follow the symbol period for R2D transmission or D2R transmission, which may cause the wireless communication system to malfunction. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the timing constraints described in Proposal 2 follow the symbol period for R2D transmission or D2R transmission, which may also cause the wireless communication system to malfunction.

[0223] Therefore, in this disclosure, in Proposal 3, a technique is proposed that enables the wireless communication system of A-IoT to operate appropriately.

[0224] <Proposal 3>

[0225] Proposal 3 envisions different time units for R2D transmission and D2R transmission. Proposal 3 also proposes techniques for the granularity of time gaps between R2D and D2R transmissions, between D2R and R2D transmissions, between R2D transmissions, and between D2R transmissions.

[0226] Regarding the granularity of the gaps, the following options 1 to 4 are provided.

[0227] <Proposal 3 - Option 1>

[0228] Option 1 relates to the granularity of the time gap between R2D and D2R transmissions (see reference). Figure 13 as well as Figure 14 In option 1, the following Alt.1~Alt.1 are provided.

[0229] <Proposal 3 - Option 1 - alt.1>

[0230] Time gaps are defined or indicated as X R2D time units (where X is a natural number). That is, the granularity of a time gap is 1R2D time unit. For example, as... Figure 13 As shown, the time gap between R2D and D2R transmissions is defined or indicated as 5 symbols using symbols from R2D transmission. The granularity of the time gap is 1 symbol in R2D transmission.

[0231] <Proposal 3 - Option 1 - alt.2>

[0232] Time gaps are defined or indicated as X D2R time units. That is, the granularity of a time gap is 1 D2R time unit. For example, as Figure 14 As shown, the time gap between R2D and D2R transmissions is defined or indicated as 2 symbols using symbols in D2R transmission. The granularity of the time gap is 1 symbol in D2R transmission.

[0233] <Proposal 3 - Option 1 - alt.3>

[0234] Both R2D and D2R time units are used for time intervals. For example, a time interval is defined as follows. Additionally, Y is a natural number.

[0235] max{X R2D time units, Y D2R time units}

[0236] min{X R2D time units, Y D2R time units}

[0237] That is, time gaps are calculated with granularity as R2D time units and as D2R time units, and the minimum or maximum value is used. For example, a time gap is defined as "X R2D time units + Y D2R time units".

[0238] Additionally, A-IoT can use either the larger or smaller of the defined or indicated time interval. For example, A-IoT can also use the larger or smaller of the defined or indicated X R2D time unit and Y D2R time unit as the time interval.

[0239] <Proposal 3 - Option 1 - alt.4>

[0240] The granularity of a time slot is the larger of one time unit for R2D transmission and one time unit for D2R transmission. For example, the granularity of a time slot is defined as follows.

[0241] max{1 time unit sent by R2D, 1 time unit sent by D2R}

[0242] For example, the symbol with the larger symbol duration between a 1-symbol transmitted in R2D and a 1-symbol transmitted in D2R is used as the granularity of the time gap. The symbol with the larger symbol duration (granularity) is used to define the time gap between R2D and D2R transmissions.

[0243] Alternatively, the granularity of the time gap can be the smaller of 1 time unit for R2D transmission and 1 time unit for D2R transmission. For example, the granularity of the time gap is defined as follows.

[0244] min{1 time unit sent by R2D, 1 time unit sent by D2R}

[0245] For example, the symbol with the shorter symbol duration between a 1-symbol transmission in R2D and a 1-symbol transmission in D2R is used as the granularity of the time gap. The symbol with the shorter symbol duration (granularity) is used to define the time gap between R2D and D2R transmissions.

[0246] <Proposal 3 - Option 1 - Other>

[0247] "Time gap" can also refer to the following:

[0248] 1. The time gap between R2D transmission and the corresponding D2R transmission.

[0249] D2R transmissions respond to R2D transmissions. For example, an R2D transmission schedules / triggers a D2R transmission. Alternatively, a D2R transmission can be a feedback mechanism to an R2D transmission. The time gap can also be defined in the specification or indicated by the reader. That is, A-IoT performs a D2R transmission after a time gap has elapsed since the R2D transmission began.

[0250] 2. Minimum / maximum time interval between R2D transmission and the corresponding D2R transmission.

[0251] R2D transmission scheduling / triggering of D2R transmission. Minimum / maximum values ​​can also be defined in the specification. A-IoT does not expect time gaps to be greater than the maximum / less than the minimum. That is, A-IoT envisions transmission and reception timings being scheduled in a way that satisfies the time gap requirement.

[0252] 3. Defined or indicated other types of time gaps / minimum time gaps / maximum time gaps between R2D and D2R transmissions.

[0253] <Proposal 3 - Option 2>

[0254] Option 2 relates to the granularity of the time gap between D2R and R2D transmissions (see reference). Figure 15 as well as Figure 16 Option 2 provides the following Alt.1~Alt.3.

[0255] <Proposal 3 - Option 2 - alt.1>

[0256] Time gaps are defined or indicated as X R2D time units. That is, the granularity of a time gap is 1 R2D time unit. For example, as... Figure 15 As shown, the time gap between D2R and R2D transmissions is defined or indicated as 2 symbols using symbols in R2D transmission. The granularity of the time gap is 1 symbol in R2D transmission.

[0257] <Proposal 3 - Option 2 - alt.2>

[0258] Time gaps are defined or indicated as X D2R time units. That is, the granularity of a time gap is 1 D2R time unit. For example, as Figure 16As shown, the time gap between D2R and R2D transmissions is defined or indicated as 5 symbols using symbols from D2R transmission. The granularity of the time gap is 1 symbol in D2R transmission.

[0259] <Proposal 3 - Option 2 - alt.3>

[0260] As time intervals, both R2D and D2R time units are used. For example, a time interval is defined as follows.

[0261] max{X R2D time units, Y D2R time units}

[0262] min{X R2D time units, Y D2R time units}

[0263] That is, time gaps are calculated with granularity as R2D time units and as D2R time units, and the minimum or maximum value is used. For example, a time gap is defined as "X R2D time units + Y D2R time units".

[0264] Additionally, A-IoT can use either the larger or smaller of the defined or indicated time interval. For example, A-IoT can also use the larger or smaller of the defined or indicated X R2D time unit and Y D2R time unit as the time interval.

[0265] <Proposal 3 - Option 2 - alt.4>

[0266] The granularity of a time slot is the larger of one time unit for R2D transmission and one time unit for D2R transmission. For example, the granularity of a time slot is defined as follows.

[0267] max{1 time unit sent by R2D, 1 time unit sent by D2R}

[0268] For example, the symbol with the larger symbol duration between a 1-symbol transmitted in R2D and a 1-symbol transmitted in D2R is used as the granularity of the time gap. The symbol with the larger symbol duration (granularity) is used to define the time gap between D2R and R2D transmissions.

[0269] Alternatively, the granularity of the time gap can be the smaller of 1 time unit for R2D transmission and 1 time unit for D2R transmission. For example, the granularity of the time gap is defined as follows.

[0270] min{1 time unit sent by R2D, 1 time unit sent by D2R}

[0271] For example, the symbol with the shorter symbol duration between a 1-symbol transmission in R2D and a 1-symbol transmission in D2R is used as the granularity of the time gap. The symbol with the shorter symbol duration (granularity) is used to define the time gap between D2R and R2D transmissions.

[0272] <Proposal 3 - Option 2 - Other>

[0273] "Time gap" can also refer to the following:

[0274] 1. The time gap between D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission.

[0275] R2D transmission responds to D2R transmission. For example, R2D transmission is a feedback to D2R transmission. The time gap can also be defined in the specification or indicated by the reader. That is, A-IoT performs D2R transmission after a time gap has elapsed since the R2D transmission.

[0276] 2. Minimum / maximum time interval between D2R transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission.

[0277] R2D transmission responds to D2R transmission. For example, R2D transmission is a feedback to D2R transmission. That is, A-IoT envisions that transmission and reception timings are scheduled in a way that meets the time gap requirement.

[0278] Minimum / maximum values ​​can also be defined in the specification. A-IoT does not expect time intervals to be greater than the maximum value or less than the minimum value.

[0279] 3. Other types of time gaps / minimum time gaps / maximum time gaps defined or indicated between D2R transmissions.

[0280] <Proposal 3 - Option 3>

[0281] Option 3 relates to the granularity of the time gap between D2R transmissions.

[0282] The time gap between D2R transmissions is defined or indicated as X D2R time units. That is, the granularity of the time gap is 1 D2R time unit.

[0283] "Time gap" can also refer to the following.

[0284] 1. The minimum time interval between two consecutive D2R transmissions.

[0285] The minimum value can also be defined in the specification. A-IoT does not expect the time gap to be less than the minimum value. That is, A-IoT envisions two consecutive D2R transmissions being scheduled in a way that satisfies the time gap requirement.

[0286] 2. The maximum value of the time interval between two consecutive D2R transmissions.

[0287] The maximum value can also be defined in the specification. A-IoT does not expect time intervals to exceed the maximum value.

[0288] 3. Other types of time gaps / minimum time gaps / maximum time gaps defined or indicated between D2R transmissions.

[0289] <Proposal 3 - Option 4>

[0290] Option 4 relates to the granularity of the time gap between R2D transmissions.

[0291] The time gap between R2D transmissions is defined or indicated as X R2D time units. That is, the granularity of the time gap is 1 R2D time unit.

[0292] "Time gap" can also refer to the following.

[0293] 1. The time gap between R2D transmission and the corresponding R2D transmission.

[0294] R2D transmission scheduling / triggering of other R2D transmissions. The time gap can be defined in the specification or indicated by the reader. That is, A-IoT performs D2R transmission after a time gap has elapsed since the start of R2D transmission.

[0295] 2. Minimum / maximum time interval between R2D transmissions and their corresponding R2D transmissions.

[0296] R2D transmission scheduling / triggering of other R2D transmissions. Minimum / maximum values ​​can also be defined in the specification. A-IoT does not expect time gaps to be greater than the maximum / less than the minimum. That is, A-IoT envisions transmission and reception timings being scheduled in a way that satisfies the time gap requirement.

[0297] 3. Minimum time interval between two consecutive R2D transmissions

[0298] The minimum value can also be defined in the specification. A-IoT does not expect the time gap to be less than the minimum value. That is, A-IoT envisions two consecutive D2R transmissions being scheduled in a way that satisfies the time gap requirement.

[0299] 4. The minimum time interval between two consecutive R2D transmissions with potential D2R responses.

[0300] If no D2R response is received after the initial R2D transmission, the reader sends a second R2D transmission. The minimum value can also be defined in the specification. A-IoT does not expect time intervals to be less than the minimum value.

[0301] 5. Defined or indicated other types of time gaps / minimum time gaps / maximum time gaps between R2D transmissions.

[0302] <Proposal 3 - Summary>

[0303] The granularity of the specified time intervals is determined. This allows A-IoT wireless communication systems to operate appropriately.

[0304] <Base station structure>

[0305] Figure 17 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a base station 10 according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes, for example, a transmitting unit 101, a receiving unit 102, and a control unit 103. The base station 10 communicates wirelessly with the device 20 (see Figure 22). The base station 10 may also be an intermediate node, an auxiliary node, or a terminal (the terminal of the SL communicating with the device 20).

[0306] Transmitting unit 101 transmits a downlink (DL) signal to device 20. For example, transmitting unit 101 transmits a DL signal under the control of control unit 103.

[0307] The DL signal may include, for example, downlink data signals and control information (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI)). Furthermore, the DL signal may include scheduling information related to signal transmission of device 20 (e.g., UL authorization). Additionally, the DL signal may also include higher-layer control information (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) control information). Furthermore, the DL signal may also include reference signals.

[0308] The channels used in transmitting DL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For instance, the data channel may include PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel). For example, base station 10 and device 20 use PDCCH to transmit control information and PDSCH to transmit downlink data signals.

[0309] The reference signals included in the DL signal may include, for example, at least one of the following: Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for location information. For example, reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulation of downlink data signals and are transmitted using PDSCH.

[0310] The receiving unit 102 receives uplink (UL) signals transmitted from the device 20. For example, the receiving unit 102 receives UL signals under the control of the control unit 103.

[0311] The control unit 103 controls the communication operation of the base station 10, which includes the transmission processing of the transmission unit 101 and the reception processing of the reception unit 102.

[0312] For example, control unit 103 obtains data and control information from higher layers and outputs it to transmitting unit 101. Furthermore, control unit 103 outputs data and control information received from receiving unit 102 to higher layers.

[0313] For example, the control unit 103 allocates resources (or channels) used in the transmission and reception of DL signals and / or UL signals based on signals received from the device 20 (e.g., data and control information) and / or data and control information obtained from higher layers. Information related to the allocated resources may also be included in the control information sent to the device 20.

[0314] Control unit 103 sets PUCCH resources as an example of resource allocation used in the transmission and reception of UL signals. Information related to PUCCH settings, such as PUCCH cell timing mode (PUCCH setting information), can also be notified to device 20 via RRC.

[0315] Here, the control unit 103 can also notify the nominal start time for transmitting the uplink signal after the device 20 receives the downlink signal. The downlink signal can also be transmitted via R2D. The uplink transmission can also be transmitted via D2R.

[0316] The control unit 103 may also notify the device 20 of the allowable error of the start time of the uplink signal, which is based on the nominal start time of the uplink signal.

[0317] The control unit 103 may also notify the device 20 of the earliest permitted start time of the uplink signal, based on the nominal start time of the uplink signal. For example, the control unit 103 may also notify the device 20 of the parameters contained in equation (1a), equation (1b), or equation (1c).

[0318] The control unit 103 may also notify the device 20 of the latest permitted start time of the uplink signal, based on the nominal start time of the uplink signal. For example, the control unit 103 may also notify the device 20 of the parameters contained in equations (2a), (2b), or (2c).

[0319] The control unit 103 can also control the time gap between the end time of the downlink signal and the actual start time of the uplink signal to be below the maximum value or above the minimum value specified in the specification.

[0320] The control unit 103 can also control the time gap between the end time of the downlink signal and the nominal start time of the uplink signal to be below the maximum value or above the minimum value specified in the specification.

[0321] The control unit 103 can also control the time gap between the end time of the downlink signal and the earliest actual start time of the uplink signal to be below the maximum value or above the minimum value specified in the specification.

[0322] The control unit 103 can also control the time gap between the end time of the downlink signal and the latest allowed actual start time of the uplink signal to be below the maximum value or above the minimum value specified in the specification.

[0323] The control unit 103 may also use the time unit of the first signal to notify the gap between the first signal and the second signal following the first signal. The control unit 103 may also use the time unit of the second signal to notify the gap between the first signal and the second signal following the first signal. The first signal may be transmitted via R2D, and the second signal may be transmitted via D2R.

[0324] <Equipment Structure>

[0325] Figure 18 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the device 20 involved in the implementation. Device 20 is a device with lower complexity compared to narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) devices, such as an A-IoT UE.

[0326] Device 20 may include, for example, a receiving unit 201, a transmitting unit 202, and a control unit 203. Device 20 may communicate wirelessly with base station 10, for example. Device 20 may also be an A-IoT device, for example.

[0327] The receiving unit 201 receives the DL signal transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the receiving unit 201 receives the DL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0328] The transmitting unit 202 transmits a UL signal to the base station 10. For example, the transmitting unit 202 transmits the UL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0329] The UL signal may include, for example, uplink data signals and control information (e.g., UCI). For example, it may include information related to the processing capabilities of device 20 (e.g., UE capability). In addition, the UL signal may also include reference signals.

[0330] The channels used in transmitting UL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For instance, the data channel includes PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and the control channel includes PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). For example, device 20 uses PUCCH to receive control information from base station 10 and uses PUSCH to transmit uplink data signals.

[0331] The reference signals included in the UL signal may include at least one of DMRS, PTRS, CSI-RS, SRS, and PRS. For example, reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulation of uplink data signals and are transmitted using an uplink channel (e.g., PUSCH).

[0332] The control unit 203 controls the communication operation of the device 20, which includes the receiving processing in the receiving unit 201 and the transmitting processing in the transmitting unit 202.

[0333] For example, control unit 203 obtains data and control information from higher layers and outputs it to transmitting unit 202. Furthermore, control unit 203 may output data and control information received from receiving unit 201 to higher layers, for example.

[0334] For example, control unit 203 controls the transmission of information fed back to base station 10. The information fed back to base station 10 may include, for example, HARQ-ACK, Channel State Information (CSI), and Scheduling Request (SR). The information fed back to base station 10 may be included in UCI. UCI is transmitted within the resources of PUCCH.

[0335] The control unit 203 configures the PUCCH resources based on the configuration information received from the base station 10 (e.g., PUCCH cell timing mode configuration information notified via RRC and / or DCI). The control unit 203 determines the PUCCH resources to be used in transmitting information fed back to the base station 10. The transmitting unit 202, under the control of the control unit 203, transmits the information fed back to the base station 10 using the PUCCH resources determined by the control unit 203.

[0336] Furthermore, the channels used in transmitting DL signals and UL signals are not limited to the examples described above. For instance, the channels used in transmitting DL signals and UL signals may include RACH (Random Access Channel) and PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel). RACH can also be used, for example, to transmit downlink control information (DCI) containing the Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI).

[0337] The control unit 203 can also control the transmission of uplink signals based on the reception of downlink signals. For example, the control unit 203 can also schedule / trigger the transmission of uplink signals based on the reception of downlink signals. The downlink signals can also be transmitted via R2D. The uplink signals can also be transmitted via D2R.

[0338] The control unit 203 may also transmit an uplink signal after receiving a downlink signal, following the nominal start time of the uplink signal. For example, the control unit 203 may also transmit an uplink signal in a manner that satisfies the nominal start time of the uplink signal. The nominal start time can be defined by a specification (e.g., preset to device 20) or notified from the network.

[0339] Alternatively, the allowable error for the start time of the uplink signal can be specified based on the nominal start time of the uplink signal. The control unit 203 can also transmit the uplink signal according to the start time of the uplink signal including the allowable error. For example, the control unit 203 can also transmit the uplink signal in a manner that satisfies the start time of the uplink signal including the allowable error. The allowable error can be preset to the device 20 or notified from the network.

[0340] Alternatively, the earliest permitted start time of the uplink signal can be specified based on the nominal start time of the uplink signal. The control unit 203 can also send the uplink signal after the earliest permitted start time of the uplink signal. The earliest permitted start time of the uplink signal can be preset to the device 20 or notified from the network.

[0341] Alternatively, the latest allowed start time of the uplink signal can be specified based on the nominal start time of the uplink signal. The control unit 203 can also send the uplink signal before the latest allowed start time of the uplink signal. The latest allowed start time of the uplink signal can be preset to the device 20 or notified from the network.

[0342] Control unit 203 may also expect that the time gap between the end time of the downlink signal and the actual start time of the uplink signal is below / above the maximum value specified in the specification or notified from the network.

[0343] Control unit 203 may also expect that the time interval between the end time of the downlink signal and the nominal start time of the uplink signal is below / above the maximum value specified in the specification or notified from the network.

[0344] Control unit 203 may also expect the time gap between the end time of the downlink signal and the earliest actual start time of the uplink signal to be below / above the maximum value specified in the specification or notified from the network.

[0345] Control unit 203 may also expect the time gap between the end time of the downlink signal and the latest actual start time of the uplink signal to be below / above the maximum value specified in the specification or notified from the network.

[0346] The control unit 203 can also use either one time unit of the first signal or one time unit of the second signal to determine the gap between the first signal and the second signal following the first signal. The first signal can be transmitted via R2D, and the second signal can be transmitted via D2R.

[0347] The first signal can be transmitted via R2D, and the second signal can be transmitted via D2R. The control unit 203 can also use one time unit of R2D transmission to determine the gap. The gap can also be defined or notified using one time unit of R2D transmission.

[0348] The first signal can be transmitted via R2D, and the second signal can be transmitted via D2R. The control unit 203 can also use one time unit of D2R transmission to determine the gap. The gap can also be defined or notified using one time unit of D2R transmission.

[0349] The first signal can be transmitted via D2R, and the second signal can be transmitted via R2D. The control unit 203 can also use one time unit of R2D transmission to determine the gap. The gap can also be defined or notified using one time unit of R2D transmission.

[0350] The first signal can be transmitted via D2R, and the second signal can be transmitted via R2D. The control unit 203 can also use one time unit of D2R transmission to determine the gap. The gap can also be defined or notified using one time unit of D2R transmission.

[0351] The first signal can also be transmitted via R2D, and the second signal can also be transmitted via R2D. The control unit 203 can also use one time unit of R2D transmission, whichever is larger or smaller, to determine the gap. The gap can also be defined or notified using one time unit of R2D transmission, whichever is larger or smaller.

[0352] The first signal can also be transmitted via D2R, and the second signal can also be transmitted via D2R. The control unit 203 can also use one time unit of D2R transmission, whichever is larger or smaller, to determine the gap. The gap can also be defined or notified using one time unit of D2R transmission, whichever is larger or smaller.

[0353] The above provides an explanation of this disclosure. Furthermore, the distinctions between items mentioned above are not essential in this disclosure; items described in two or more items may be combined as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in other items (as long as they do not contradict each other).

[0354] <Hardware structure, etc.>

[0355] The block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments illustrate functional units. These functional blocks (structural units) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the implementation method of each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or it can be implemented by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. A functional block can also be implemented by combining one or more of the aforementioned devices with software.

[0356] The functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, choosing, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regard as, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, the functional block (structural unit) that implements the sending function is called a transmitting unit or a transmitter. Both are as described above, and the implementation method is not particularly limited.

[0357] For example, the base station, device, etc. in one embodiment of this disclosure can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 19 This diagram illustrates an example of the hardware structure of the base station and device according to this embodiment. The base station 10 and device 20 described above can also be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0358] Additionally, in the following description, the term "device" can be replaced with circuit, device, unit, etc. The hardware structure of base station 10 and device 20 can be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it can be configured not to include some of the devices.

[0359] Regarding the various functions in base station 10 and device 20, specific software (programs) are read into hardware such as processor 1001 and memory 1002, so that processor 1001 performs calculations and controls communication based on communication device 1004, or controls at least one of reading out and writing data in memory 1002 and storage device 1003, thereby achieving the following:

[0360] The processor 1001, for example, enables the operating system to operate and control the computer as a whole. The processor 1001 may also be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic devices, registers, etc. For example, the control unit 103 and control unit 203 described above may also be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0361] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the operations described in the above embodiments can be used. For example, the control unit 203 of the device 20 can also be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and operated by the processor 1001; similarly, other functional blocks can be implemented. The various processes described above are executed by one processor 1001, but they can also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 can also be implemented by one or more chips. Additionally, the program can be transmitted from a network via an electrical communication line.

[0362] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of the following: ROM (Read-Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), RAM (Random Access Memory). The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing the wireless communication method according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0363] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be comprised of at least one of the following: CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM) or other optical discs; hard disk drives; flexible discs; optical discs (e.g., compact discs, digital multifunction discs, Blu-ray discs); smart cards; flash memory (e.g., cards, sticks, key drives); floppy disks; magnetic stripes; etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The aforementioned storage medium may also be, for example, a database, server, or other suitable medium that includes at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0364] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting and receiving device) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. It is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. To implement at least one of, for example, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD), the communication device 1004 may also be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. For example, the aforementioned transmitting unit 101, receiving unit 102, receiving unit 201, and transmitting unit 202 may also be implemented by the communication device 1004.

[0365] Input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, LED light, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be an integrated structure (e.g., touch panel).

[0366] Furthermore, the processor 1001, memory 1002, and other devices are connected via a bus 1007 for communication of information. The bus 1007 can be configured as a single bus or as different buses between the devices.

[0367] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the device 20 can also be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a PLD (Programmable Logic Device), and a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and can also use this hardware to implement part or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0368] <Information notification and signaling>

[0369] The notification of information is not limited to the implementation methods described in this disclosure, and can also be performed by other methods. For example, the notification of information can also be implemented through physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information)), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, MAC (Medium Access Control) signaling, broadcast information (MIB (Master Information Block)), SIB (System Information Block)), other signals, or combinations thereof. In addition, RRC signaling can also be referred to as RRC messages, for example, it can also be an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, etc.

[0370] <Application System>

[0371] The implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (New Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wideband), Bluetooth (registered trademark), systems utilizing other suitable systems, and next-generation systems derived from or extended by these systems, modifications, fabrications, or specifications. Furthermore, multiple systems may be combined (e.g., a combination of LTE and at least one of LTE-A with 5G, etc.) for application.

[0372] <Processing procedures, etc.>

[0373] The processing procedures, timing, flowcharts, etc., of the various methods / implementations described in this disclosure may be rearranged as long as they do not contradict each other. For example, for the methods described in this disclosure, an illustrative order is used to indicate the elements of various steps, but the order in which they are indicated is not limited.

[0374] <Base Station Operation>

[0375] In this disclosure, specific operations are posited as being performed by a base station, and sometimes, depending on the circumstances, by its upper node. Clearly, in a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal can also be performed by at least one of the base station and other network nodes besides the base station (e.g., consider MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). The above example illustrates a case where there is only one other network node besides the base station; it could also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (e.g., MME and S-GW).

[0376] <Direction of input / output>

[0377] Information (see the items under <Information, Signals>) can also be output from higher (or lower) layers to lower (or higher) layers. It can also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0378] Processing of input and output information, etc.

[0379] Input and output information can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information can also be deleted. Input information can also be sent to other devices.

[0380] <Judgment Method>

[0381] The determination can be made by a value represented by a single bit (0 or 1), by a true or false value (Boolean: true or false), or by a numerical comparison (e.g., a comparison with a specific value).

[0382] <Changes in methods, etc.>

[0383] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually or in combination, and can be switched as needed during execution. Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., a "It is X" notification) is not limited to explicit notification, but can also be done implicitly (e.g., without notifying the recipient of that specific information).

[0384] The present disclosure has been described in detail above, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as determined by the claims. Therefore, the description in this disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be restrictive in any way.

[0385] <Software>

[0386] Whether software is called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any other name, it should be broadly interpreted to refer to instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0387] Furthermore, software, instructions, and information can also be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0388] <Information, Signals>

[0389] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be mentioned throughout the above description, can also be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0390] Furthermore, the terms described in this disclosure, as well as those necessary for understanding this disclosure, may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and the symbol may also be a signal (signaling). Additionally, a signal may also be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as a carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0391] <Systems, Networks>

[0392] The terms “system” and “network” are used interchangeably in this disclosure.

[0393] <Parameters, Channel Name>

[0394] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented by absolute values, relative values ​​with respect to a specific value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can also be indicated by an index.

[0395] The names used for the parameters described above are not limiting names in any respect. Furthermore, the mathematical formulas used for these parameters sometimes differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name; therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting names in any respect.

[0396] <base station>

[0397] In this disclosure, the terms "base station (BS)," "wireless base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" are used interchangeably. There are also instances where terms such as macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are used to refer to base stations.

[0398] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, its overall coverage area can be divided into several smaller areas, each of which can also provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and base station subsystem providing communication services within that coverage area.

[0399] In this disclosure, the sending of information from the base station to the terminal can also be rewritten as the base station instructing the terminal to perform information-based control and operation.

[0400] <Mobile Station>

[0401] In this disclosure, the terms “Mobile Station (MS),” “user terminal,” “user equipment (UE),” and “terminal” are used interchangeably.

[0402] There are also cases where a mobile station is referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, hand set, user agent, mobile client, client, or several other appropriate terms.

[0403] <Base station / Mobile station>

[0404] At least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. Furthermore, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be equipment mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to a movable object whose speed of movement is arbitrary. In addition, it naturally includes situations where the mobile body is stationary. The mobile body includes, for example, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, autonomous two-wheelers, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, trailers, rickshaws, ships (boats and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones (registered trademark), multi-rotor aircraft, quadcopter aircraft, balloons, and objects mounted on them, and is not limited to these. Furthermore, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operating commands. It can be a means of transportation (e.g., vehicles, airplanes, etc.), a mobile body that moves unmanned (e.g., drones, autonomous vehicles, etc.), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). In addition, at least one of the base station and the mobile station also includes a device that is not necessarily mobile during the communication operation. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0405] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a terminal. For example, embodiments of this disclosure can also be applied to structures where communication between the base station and the terminal is replaced by communication between multiple terminals (e.g., also referred to as D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), etc.). In this case, it can also be configured such that the terminal 20 has the functions of the base station 10 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can also be rewritten as terms corresponding to inter-terminal communication (e.g., "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can also be rewritten as side channel.

[0406] Similarly, the terminal in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a base station. In this case, it can also be configured such that the base station 10 has the functions of the terminal 20 described above.

[0407] Figure 20 An example of the structure of vehicle 2001 is shown. For example... Figure 20 As shown, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering control unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a gear shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021-2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to communication devices mounted on the vehicle 2001, for example, to the communication module 2013.

[0408] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, as an engine, a motor, or a combination of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 is configured to include at least a steering wheel (also called a handlebar) and to perform directional control on at least one of the front and rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel by the user.

[0409] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021-2029 of the vehicle 2001 are input into the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 can also be referred to as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0410] The signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 include current signals from current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, speed signals of the front and rear wheels obtained by speed sensor 2022, air pressure signals of the front and rear wheels obtained by air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals obtained by vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals obtained by acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depress amount signals obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depress amount signals obtained by brake pedal sensor 2026, shift lever operation signals obtained by shift lever sensor 2027, and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0411] The information service unit 2012 consists of various devices such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information obtained from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.

[0412] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and output devices (e.g., display, speaker, LED light, touch panel, etc.) that implement output to the outside.

[0413] The driver assistance system unit 2030 comprises various devices used to provide functions for preventing accidents or reducing the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, locators (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System)), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the driver assistance system unit 2030 sends and receives various information via a communication module 2013 and implements driver assistance or autonomous driving functions.

[0414] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and the constituent elements of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 sends and receives data with the drive unit 2002, steering control unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear shift lever 2006, front wheel 2007, rear wheel 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 in the electronic control unit 2010, and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 and sensors 2021-29 in the vehicle 2001 via the communication port 2033.

[0415] The communication module 2013 can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information wirelessly with external devices. The communication module 2013 can be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. External devices can be, for example, base stations, mobile stations, etc.

[0416] The communication module 2013 can also wirelessly transmit to an external device at least one of the signals input to the electronic control unit 2010 from the various sensors 2021-2029 described above, information obtained based on these signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2029, and the information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted via the communication module 2013 can also contain information based on the aforementioned input.

[0417] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it to the information service unit 2012 of the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received through the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH).

[0418] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be utilized by the microprocessor 2031. The microprocessor 2031 can also control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021-2029, etc., of the vehicle 2001 based on the information stored in the memory 2032.

[0419] <Meaning and Explanation of Terms>

[0420] The terms "determining" and "determining" as used in this disclosure encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" or "determining" can include actions such as judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining. Furthermore, "determining" or "determining" can include actions such as receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory). Additionally, "determining" or "determining" can include actions such as resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and comparing. That is, "judgment" and "decision" can include situations where certain actions are regarded as having been "judged" or "decided". In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also be rewritten as "assuming", "expecting", "considering", etc.

[0421] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” or all variations thereof, refer to all direct or indirect connections or combinations between two or more elements, and can include cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between two mutually “connected” or “coupled” elements. The connection or combination between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connected” can also be rewritten as “access.” In the context of this disclosure, it is possible to consider two elements being mutually “connected” or “coupled” using at least one or more wires, cables, or printed electrical connections, and as several non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, using electromagnetic energy with wavelengths in the wireless frequency domain, microwave region, and light (both visible and invisible) region.

[0422] <Reference signal>

[0423] The reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal), and can also be called a pilot according to the applied standard.

[0424] <Meaning of "based on">

[0425] In the present disclosure, the description of "based on" does not mean "only based on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the description of "based on" means both "only based on" and "at least based on".

[0426] <"First", "second">

[0427] Any reference to an element using the terms "first", "second", etc. used in the present disclosure does not comprehensively limit the quantity or order of these elements. These terms can be used as a convenient method for distinguishing between two or more elements in the present disclosure. Therefore, the reference to the first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be adopted, or that the first element must take precedence over the second element in a certain form.

[0428] <Unit>

[0429] In the structure of each of the above devices, "unit" can also be replaced with "section", "circuit", "device", etc.

[0430] <Open form>

[0431] In the present disclosure, when using "include", "including", and their variants, these terms, like the term "comprising", mean an inclusive meaning. Further, the term "or" used in the present disclosure does not mean the meaning of exclusive or.

[0432] <Time units such as TTI, frequency units such as RB, radio frame structure>

[0433] A radio frame can also be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. One or more frames in the time domain can also be called sub-frames. Further, a sub-frame can also be composed of one or more time slots in the time domain. A sub-frame can also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the numerology.

[0434] A parameter set can also be a set of communication parameters applied in at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, a parameter set can also represent at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the time domain.

[0435] In the time domain, a time slot can also be composed of one or more symbols (OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) symbols, etc.). A time slot can also be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0436] A time slot can also contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can also consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Furthermore, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can also consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-time slot can also be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can also be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0437] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can also be referred to by their respective other names.

[0438] For example, a subframe can also be called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and a time slot or a mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI can be a subframe in existing LTE (1ms), a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. In addition, the unit representing TTI may not be called a subframe, but a time slot, mini-time slot, etc.

[0439] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules radio resources (frequency bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0440] TTI can also be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., and can also be a unit of processing such as scheduling and link adaptation. In addition, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) mapped to transmission blocks, code blocks, codewords, etc. can be shorter than the TTI.

[0441] Additionally, where a time slot or a mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also serve as the minimum time unit for scheduling. Furthermore, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit of the schedule can also be controlled.

[0442] A TTI with a duration of 1ms can also be referred to as a normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel.8-12), standard TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, standard subframe, long subframe, time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be referred to as a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), shortened subframe, short subframe, mini time slot, sub-time slot, time slot, etc.

[0443] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of less than a long TTI but more than 1 ms.

[0444] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can also contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0445] Furthermore, the time domain of an RB can also contain one or more symbols, or it can be the length of a time slot, a mini-time slot, a subframe, or a TTI. A TTI, a subframe, etc., can also be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0446] In addition, one or more RBs can also be referred to as Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0447] Furthermore, a resource block can also consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, an RE can also be a radio resource area consisting of a subcarrier and a symbol.

[0448] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also known as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a certain carrier. Here, common RBs can also be determined by the index of RBs based on the common reference point of that carrier. PRBs can also be defined in a BWP and appended with numbers within that BWP.

[0449] A BWP can also include a UL BWP and a DL BWP. For a UE, one or more BWPs can also be set within a single carrier.

[0450] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and the UE may not intend to transmit or receive specific signals / channels outside of the active BWPs. Furthermore, the terms "cell," "carrier," etc., in this disclosure can be rewritten as "BWP."

[0451] The structures described above, such as radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length can be varied in many ways.

[0452] Maximum transmit power

[0453] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may refer to the maximum value of the transmit power, the nominal maximum transmit power (the nominal UE maximum transmit power), or the rated maximum transmit power (the rated UE maximum transmit power).

[0454] <article>

[0455] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0456] "Differences"

[0457] In this disclosure, the term "A is different from B" can also mean "A and B are different from each other." Additionally, the term can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0458] Industrial availability

[0459] One aspect of this disclosure is useful for wireless communication systems.

[0460] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0461] 10: Base station; 20: Equipment; 101, 202: Transmitting unit; 102, 201: Receiving unit; 103, 203: Control unit.

Claims

1. A device that is less complex than narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) devices, said device having: The communication unit transmits and receives a first signal and a second signal with different time units; and The control unit uses either one time unit of the first signal or one time unit of the second signal to determine the gap between the first signal and the second signal that follows the first signal.

2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The first signal is a downlink signal, and the second signal is an uplink signal. The control unit uses one time unit of the downlink signal to determine the gap.

3. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The first signal is a downlink signal, and the second signal is an uplink signal. The control unit uses one time unit of the uplink signal to determine the gap.

4. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The first signal is an uplink signal, and the second signal is a downlink signal. The control unit uses one time unit of the downlink signal to determine the gap.

5. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The first signal is an uplink signal, and the second signal is a downlink signal. The control unit uses one time unit of the uplink signal to determine the gap.

6. A communication method, which is a communication method for devices with lower complexity compared to narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) devices, wherein in the communication method, Sending and receiving a first signal and a second signal with different time units; and The interval between the first signal and the second signal following the first signal is determined using either one time unit of the first signal or one time unit of the second signal.

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