Hydraulically driven heavy duty reciprocating shear

Abstract

This invention discloses a hydraulically driven heavy-duty automatic reciprocating shearing device, comprising a suspension and attitude adjustment mechanism, a hydraulic drive mechanism, and a shearing execution mechanism. The suspension and attitude adjustment mechanism includes a rotary cylinder and a lateral displacement cylinder, enabling multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment of the shearing head. The hydraulic drive mechanism uses a stroke limit device at the end of the piston rod to directly contact the valve stem of the mechanical directional valve, achieving purely mechanical automatic reciprocating motion. The shearing execution mechanism employs a moving blade and a fixed blade, forming a triple guiding and limiting structure through the upper surface of the fixed blade, the side of the guide key, and the lower surface of the guide rail. This invention completely eliminates electronic control components, making it suitable for harsh environments such as orchards and forest farms. It offers advantages such as high reliability, heavy-load anti-jamming, multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment, and strong adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural and forestry machinery technology, specifically to a heavy-duty working device adapted to engineering machinery such as tractors, loaders or excavators, and in particular a hydraulically driven heavy-duty automatic reciprocating shearing device with fully automatic reciprocating shearing, heavy-duty anti-jamming and multi-degree-of-freedom posture adjustment functions. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, hydraulic shearing equipment used for orchard pruning or hedge maintenance on the market mainly suffers from the following defects: (1) Control method relies on electrical control: Existing automatic reciprocating pruning equipment mostly relies on PLC, relay or proximity switch to control the solenoid valve switching. In harsh environments such as orchards and forest farms with humidity, dust and large temperature difference, electrical components are very prone to moisture and short circuit or contact oxidation, resulting in high equipment failure rate and great maintenance difficulty.

[0003] (2) Insufficient rigidity of the shearing mechanism: For thick branches with a diameter of 60-120mm, traditional shearing heads often use thin blades or simple blade guards for guidance. Under the huge shearing reaction force, the blades and blade guards are prone to lateral twisting, jamming or even chipping, which cannot guarantee the stability of heavy-duty operations.

[0004] (3) Poor operational flexibility: After the existing shearing device is connected to the host, it can only perform simple lifting and lowering, lacking multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment such as lateral movement and rotation, which requires the operator to frequently move the huge host to adjust the position, resulting in low operational efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a hydraulically driven heavy-duty automatic reciprocating shearing device with pure mechanical control, heavy-duty anti-jamming, and multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A hydraulically driven heavy-duty automatic reciprocating shearing device includes a suspension and attitude adjustment mechanism, a hydraulic drive mechanism, and a shearing actuator; its innovation lies in: The suspension and attitude adjustment mechanism includes a mounting frame for connecting the main unit, on which a shear head rotary cylinder and a lateral displacement cylinder are mounted; the two ends of the shear head rotary cylinder are respectively hinged to the mounting frame and the shear head body, and are used to drive the shear head body to swing up and down around the rotary axis; the lateral displacement cylinder is used to drive the shear head body to translate horizontally. The hydraulic drive mechanism includes a reversing cylinder and a mechanical reversing valve; the piston rod end of the reversing cylinder is fixed with a stroke limiting device; the stroke limiting device moves reciprocating linearly with the piston rod and touches the valve rod of the mechanical reversing valve at the end of the stroke, forcibly switching the direction of the hydraulic oil circuit, so as to realize the automatic reciprocating motion of the piston rod; the mechanical reversing valve is purely mechanically operated and does not require electrical control components. The shearing actuator includes a fixed blade and a movable blade; the upper surface of the fixed blade is provided with a guide key, and the interior of the movable blade is provided with a longitudinal groove that cooperates with the guide key; the upper part of the movable blade is limited by a pressure plate and a guide rail, and slides under them; both the movable blade and the fixed blade are plate-shaped structures, and the two cooperate to form a shearing working surface, and both are provided with U-shaped notches for accommodating branches.

[0007] Furthermore, the stroke limiting device is provided with an adjustment mechanism for adjusting its position relative to the valve stem of the mechanical directional valve, so as to control the reciprocating stroke length of the piston rod.

[0008] Furthermore, the valve stem of the mechanical directional valve is a rigid mechanical trigger structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the upper surface of the fixed tool serves as the first guiding reference surface, restricting the downward movement of the moving tool; the side of the guide key and the side of the longitudinal groove form a second guiding reference, restricting the lateral movement of the moving tool; the lower surface of the guide rail serves as the third guiding reference surface, restricting the upward movement of the moving tool.

[0010] Furthermore, the opening width of the U-shaped notch is 130mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the hydraulic drive mechanism also includes a throttle valve, which is disposed at the inlet and outlet of the directional valve and is used to adjust the reciprocating speed.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: High reliability and adaptability to harsh environments: The travel limit device directly actuates the mechanical directional valve to achieve pure mechanical control of reciprocating motion, completely eliminating electrical control components. This fundamentally solves the problem of frequent electrical failures in humid, dusty, and temperature-varying environments such as orchards and forest farms, and significantly reduces the failure rate and maintenance difficulty.

[0013] Heavy-duty shearing and anti-jamming capabilities: The shearing actuator adopts a triple limiting and guiding structure of "lower support (fixed blade) + middle guide (guide key) + upper pressing (guide rail)", and both the moving and fixed blades are thick plate structures with extremely high bending strength and rigidity. Even when shearing hard and miscellaneous tree branches with a diameter of more than 100mm, it can effectively prevent lateral twisting and jamming, ensuring operational stability and blade life.

[0014] Flexible adjustment with multiple degrees of freedom: With integrated side shift and rotation functions, the operator can flexibly adjust the horizontal position and pitch angle of the shear head from the cab, which significantly improves the coverage of the trimming operation, eliminates the need to frequently move the main unit, and greatly improves the work efficiency.

[0015] Highly adaptable: By changing the structure of the mounting bracket, it can be quickly connected to the hydraulic systems of various construction machinery such as tractors, loaders, or excavators, making it widely applicable. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the shear head of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a diagram of the hydraulic drive and reversing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a front view of the suspension and attitude adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a top view of the suspension and attitude adjustment mechanism of the present invention.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: Figure 1-2 middle: 101. Shear head; 102. Quick-change pin; 103. Flat washer; 104. Lock nut; 105. Suspension and attitude adjustment mechanism; 106. Skid steer loader; 107. Return oil quick-connect coupling (male); 108. Inlet oil quick-connect coupling (male); 109. Bolt; 110. Washer; 111. Lock nut (small); 112. Control line socket; 113. Control valve assembly.

[0018] Figure 3 middle: 201. Fixing bracket; 202. Pressure plate; 203. Bolt; 204. Spring washer; 205. Flat washer; 206. Guide rail; 207. Moving blade; 208. Fixed blade; 209. Guide key; 210. Oil cup; 211. Drive cylinder; 212. Drive plate.

[0019] Figure 4 middle: 301. Fixed frame; 302. Cylinder pin one; 303. Drive cylinder; 304. Rod chamber oil pipe; 305. Upper stroke limit device; 306. Reversing valve; 307. Throttle valve; 308. Rodless chamber oil pipe; 309. Drive plate; 310. Lower stroke limit device; 311. Cylinder pin two; 312. Positioning pin; 313. Bolt; 314. Shear head.

[0020] Figure 5-6 middle: 401. Suspension bracket; 402. Quick return plug (male); 403. Quick inlet plug (male); 404. Control line socket; 405. Control valve assembly; 406. Self-locking valve; 407. Side shift rod guide bracket; 408. Side shift rod; 409. Rotary frame; 410. Rotary shaft; 411. Front pin of rotary cylinder; 412. Rotary cylinder; 413. Rod chamber oil pipe of rotary cylinder; 414. Rodless chamber oil pipe of rotary cylinder; 415. Rear pin of rotary cylinder; 416. Side shift cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0023] Example 1: Assembly and Operation of the Complete Machine like Figure 1-2 As shown, a hydraulically driven heavy-duty automatic reciprocating shearing device of the present invention is conveniently installed to the front end of a skid steer loader 106 via a quick-change pin 102 and quick-connect couplings 107 and 108. The control valve group 113 receives hydraulic commands from the cab, allowing the operator to remotely control the attitude and shearing action of the shear head.

[0024] Example 2: Suspension and Attitude Adjustment like Figure 5 As shown, in the suspension and attitude adjustment mechanism, the suspension frame 401 is connected to the main unit. When adjustment is needed, the lateral displacement cylinder 416 is operated to push the lateral displacement rod 408 and the connected rotary frame 409 to move laterally, thereby achieving horizontal lateral movement of the shear head. Operating the rotary cylinder 412 causes its piston rod to extend or retract, driving the rotary frame 409 to swing up and down around the rotary axis 410, thus adjusting the pitch angle of the shear head. The self-locking valve 406 is used to lock the oil circuit after position adjustment to maintain attitude stability.

[0025] Example 3: Triple Guided Shear Head like Figure 3 As shown, during the assembly of the shearing actuator, the fixed blade 208 is first fixed to the fixed bracket 201. The moving blade 207 is placed on the fixed blade 208, with its longitudinal groove at the bottom aligned with the guide key 209. Then, the guide rail 206 and pressure plate 202 are placed above the moving blade 207 and secured to the fixed blade 208 with fasteners such as bolts 203, spring washers 204, and flat washers 205, ensuring that the moving blade 207 can slide smoothly between the guide key 209 and the guide rail 206. The oil cup 210 is used to add lubricating oil to the guide parts to reduce friction.

[0026] Example 4: Mechanical reciprocating drive like Figure 4 As shown, hydraulic oil enters the rodless chamber of the drive cylinder 303, pushing the piston rod and drive plate 309 to the right, thus driving the moving blade to shear. When the upper stroke limit device 305 fixed on the drive plate 309 touches the valve stem of the reversing valve 306, the reversing valve 306 switches the oil circuit, and hydraulic oil enters the rod chamber through the rod chamber oil pipe 304, causing the piston rod to retract. When it retracts to the end, the lower stroke limit device 310 touches the valve stem on the other side of the reversing valve, reversing the direction again. This cycle repeats automatically. The throttle valve 307 can adjust the movement speed. The drive cylinder 303 is connected to the fixed frame 301 and the shearing head 314 through cylinder pin 1 302 and cylinder pin 2 311, respectively.

[0027] The working process of this invention is as follows: (1) Posture adjustment: According to the position of the tree to be pruned, the operator remotely controls the hydraulic valve group on the hook frame in the cab, starts the side shift cylinder and the shear head rotation cylinder, adjusts the horizontal position and pitch angle of the shear head, and aligns the U-shaped notch of the moving blade and the fixed blade with the branch.

[0028] (2) Automatic reciprocating shearing: Start the hydraulic system of the main machine, and hydraulic oil enters the reversing cylinder. Assume that in the initial state, the piston rod is retracted and the stroke limit device is away from the reversing valve. The hydraulic oil drives the piston rod to extend, which drives the moving blade to slide forward along the guide key and guide rail, and closes with the fixed blade to shear the tree branch.

[0029] (3) Mechanical trigger reversing: When the piston rod approaches the end of its extension stroke, the stroke limit device at its head touches the valve stem of the reversing valve, forcing the reversing valve to switch the oil circuit. The hydraulic oil flow direction changes and enters the rod chamber of the reversing cylinder, driving the piston rod to retract.

[0030] (4) Cyclic operation: When the piston rod retracts, the stroke limit device disengages from the reversing valve, and the reversing valve resets or switches again, driving the piston rod to extend again. This cycle is repeated to achieve continuous, automatic reciprocating shearing action without manual intervention.

[0031] The above description is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and is not intended to limit it. Any other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention, as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulically driven heavy-duty automatic reciprocating shearing device, comprising a suspension and attitude adjustment mechanism, a hydraulic drive mechanism, and a shearing actuator; characterized in that: The suspension and attitude adjustment mechanism includes a mounting frame for connecting the main unit, on which a shear head rotary cylinder and a lateral displacement cylinder are mounted; the two ends of the shear head rotary cylinder are respectively hinged to the mounting frame and the shear head body, and are used to drive the shear head body to swing up and down around the rotary axis; the lateral displacement cylinder is used to drive the shear head body to translate horizontally. The hydraulic drive mechanism includes a reversing cylinder and a mechanical reversing valve; the piston rod end of the reversing cylinder is fixed with a stroke limiting device; the stroke limiting device moves reciprocating linearly with the piston rod and touches the valve rod of the mechanical reversing valve at the end of the stroke, forcibly switching the direction of the hydraulic oil circuit, so as to realize the automatic reciprocating motion of the piston rod; the mechanical reversing valve is purely mechanically operated and does not require electrical control components. The shearing actuator includes a fixed blade and a movable blade; the upper surface of the fixed blade is provided with a guide key, and the interior of the movable blade is provided with a longitudinal groove that cooperates with the guide key; the upper part of the movable blade is limited by a pressure plate and a guide rail, and slides under them; both the movable blade and the fixed blade are plate-shaped structures, and the two cooperate to form a shearing working surface, and both are provided with U-shaped notches for accommodating branches.

2. The hydraulically driven heavy-duty automatic reciprocating shearing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stroke limiting device is equipped with an adjustment mechanism to adjust its position relative to the valve stem of the mechanical directional valve, so as to control the reciprocating stroke length of the piston rod.

3. The hydraulically driven heavy-duty automatic reciprocating shearing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve stem of the mechanical directional valve is a rigid mechanical trigger structure.

4. The hydraulically driven heavy-duty automatic reciprocating shearing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the fixed cutter serves as the first guiding reference surface, restricting the downward movement of the moving cutter; the side of the guide key and the side of the longitudinal groove form a second guiding reference, restricting the lateral movement of the moving cutter; the lower surface of the guide rail serves as the third guiding reference surface, restricting the upward movement of the moving cutter.

5. The hydraulically driven heavy-duty automatic reciprocating shearing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening width of the U-shaped notch is 130mm.

6. The hydraulically driven heavy-duty automatic reciprocating shearing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic drive mechanism also includes a throttle valve, which is located at the inlet and outlet of the directional valve and is used to adjust the reciprocating speed.

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