Segmented temperature control of agaric fungus bag ear induction technology

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of tree breeding and seedling cultivation, and discloses a segmented temperature control auricularia auricula ear bag ear induction process, comprising: adjusting the relative humidity of the environment to 65-70%, controlling the temperature and air flow rate of the environment so that the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the ear bag is not greater than 0.5 DEG C; alternately controlling temperature rise and fall and air flow rate to regulate asymmetric heat pulse circulation, controlling the carbon dioxide concentration and applying blue light illumination in the temperature rise phase, and improving the air flow rate to flush the outer surface layer of the ear bag and reducing the carbon dioxide concentration in the temperature drop phase; adjusting the environmental temperature and stepwise increasing the relative humidity to 85-92% to cultivate ear buds, the present application controls the asymmetric timing coupling of the temperature flow field, blocks the condensate film on the surface layer of the substrate and constructs a gas space, eliminates the technical problem of early primordium anoxia ulceration, and effectively improves the primordium differentiation uniformity and survival rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a segmented temperature-controlled process for inducing the growth of wood ear fungus, belonging to the field of forest tree breeding and seed and seedling cultivation technology. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the industrialized bag cultivation process of edible fungi, the mainstream approach is to use a closed germination and seedling bank to regulate the temperature and humidity field to induce mycelium to turn to reproductive growth. Although conventional strategies mainly stimulate primordia differentiation through symmetrical temperature variation or stepped temperature control, the substrate of the substrate is a multiphase porous medium with high thermal resistance. Complex heat and mass transfer pathways are interwoven inside. During the active physiological metabolic stage, mycelial respiration continuously releases accumulated bioheat. Due to the low thermal conductivity of the substrate, the heat accumulated in the core area cannot be dissipated quickly, thus forming a nonlinear spatial temperature gradient between the core and the external environment.

[0003] Regarding control methods, for example, Chinese invention patent application CN117296630A discloses a method for efficient industrial cultivation and germination of black fungus. By setting a constant cultivation temperature and controlling the temperature and humidity within a static range during the germination period to establish an environment conducive to fruiting, this static regulation method relies on idealized cultivation conditions with low biological heat accumulation. It cannot adapt to the non-ideal dynamic evolution scenarios of high thermal resistance and strong metabolic release in multiphase porous substrates during intensive three-dimensional cultivation. Under constant temperature and humidity static conditions, the core respiratory heat of the substrate and the external constant humidity environment field experience thermal and mass misalignment, causing the local air microcirculation inside the film to precipitate a continuous liquid-phase condensate film when crossing the dew point, blocking oxygen mass transfer in the cortex and triggering early primordia decay due to high temperature and humidity. To address the aforementioned problem of intertwined heat and mass transfer, increasing the wind speed to disperse the water film would accelerate surface dehydration, while attempts to reduce relative humidity would disrupt the saturated humidity field required for primordia differentiation. Conventional approaches cannot reconcile the inherent contradiction between environmental temperature control and the lag in medium heat transfer.

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by this invention is how to eliminate the surface condensate film by adjusting the temporal misalignment coupling of asymmetric environmental physical factors, and how to construct a non-condensing physical gap between the plastic film and the culture substrate to drive the synchronous differentiation of primordia on the fully covered surface. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems in the background art, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A segmented temperature-controlled process for inducing the growth of Auricularia auricula-judae spawn, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: Control the relative humidity of the environment to 65% to 70%, control the ambient temperature to 20℃ to 22℃, control the air flow rate to 0.05m / s to 0.1m / s, and control the time to 30h to 36h. By dissipating the heat inside the fungus bag through constant heat conduction, the absolute value of the temperature difference between the core temperature and the outer surface temperature of the fungus bag is stabilized within 0.5℃.

[0007] Step S2: After step S1 is completed, the ambient temperature is raised to 26°C to 28°C within a time window of 1.5h to 2h, the heating rate is controlled at 2.5°C / h to 3.0°C / h, the air supply power is adjusted to reduce the air velocity to 0.05m / s to 0.1m / s, the carbon dioxide volume percentage concentration is controlled at 0.2% to 0.3%, and the light-emitting diode with a wavelength of 460nm is turned on to apply light stimulation to the outer surface of the fungus bag.

[0008] Step S3: After the ambient temperature reaches 26℃ to 28℃, without temperature stagnation, increase the cooling capacity and reduce the ambient temperature to 12℃ to 14℃ within a time window of 1.5h to 2h, controlling the cooling rate to 4.0℃ / h to 5.0℃ / h. Simultaneously, adjust the air supply power to increase the air velocity to 0.6m / s to 0.8m / s and continuously supply air to the outer surface of the mushroom bag, and control the carbon dioxide volume percentage concentration to decrease to 0.03% to 0.05% within 1h, and turn off the LED illumination. The cooling rate and heating rate satisfy the first quantitative constraint relationship, i.e., the ratio of the cooling rate to the heating rate is not less than 1.3; the air velocity under the decreasing ambient temperature condition and the air velocity under the increasing ambient temperature condition satisfy the second quantitative constraint relationship, i.e., the ratio of the air velocity under the decreasing ambient temperature condition to the air velocity under the increasing ambient temperature condition is not less than 6.0.

[0009] Preferably, step S3 includes the following sub-steps: step S31, reducing the ambient temperature from 26°C to 28°C to 12°C to 14°C within 1.5h to 2h; step S32, controlling the air supply angle to 30° to 45°, increasing the air velocity to 0.6m / s to 0.8m / s and continuously supplying air to the outer surface of the mushroom bag; step S33, exhausting air to the outside and introducing air, controlling the carbon dioxide volume percentage concentration to decrease to 0.03% to 0.05% within 1h.

[0010] Preferably, when the light-emitting diode is turned on in step S2, the light intensity of the light-emitting diode is controlled to be 100 lx to 150 lx, and the light-emitting diode illumination time is controlled to be 12 h to 16 h.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, the ambient relative humidity is maintained in the range of 65% to 70% by turning off the humidifier.

[0012] Preferably, after step S3 is completed, the following steps are also included: adjusting the ambient temperature to 19°C to 21°C, and simultaneously turning on the high-pressure micro-mist humidification system to control the relative humidity of the air to increase from 65% to 70% to 85% to 92%, adjusting the exhaust valve to control the air flow rate to be constant at 0.15m / s to 0.25m / s, and maintaining operation for 5 days to 7 days.

[0013] Preferably, step S1 includes the following sub-steps: step S11, controlling the ambient temperature to 20°C to 22°C; step S12, controlling the air flow rate to 0.05m / s to 0.1m / s, and the adjustment time to 30h to 36h.

[0014] Preferably, the method further includes the following steps for monitoring and controlling the primordia state: Step S701, collecting images of the primordia on the surface of the fungus bag every 1 hour; Step S702, calculating the rate of increase in the number of primordia per unit area based on the primordia images; Step S703, when the rate of increase in the number is less than 0.5 / (h·cm²), controlling the airflow speed to increase to 0.9m / s to 1.0m / s and maintaining it for 2 hours to 3 hours.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3, when the airflow velocity is increased to 0.6 m / s to 0.8 m / s and air is continuously supplied to the outer surface of the mushroom bag, the airflow direction is switched between forward and reverse every 30 minutes.

[0016] Preferably, when the light-emitting diode is turned on in step S2, the on-time of the light-emitting diode is controlled to be 12h and the off-time is controlled to be 12h, and the photon flux density in the environment is controlled to be 15μmol / (m²·s) to 20μmol / (m²·s) when the light-emitting diode is turned on.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. In the process of promoting the growth of Auricularia auricula-judae spawn, the air flow rate is adjusted by the air supply valve to inhibit the spread of mycelium on the surface. Combined with constant heat conduction, the physiological metabolic heat accumulated in the matrix is ​​gradually dissipated, so that the core and surface of the matrix form a homogeneous thermodynamic baseline. On this basis, the nonlinear temperature change rate and the frequency of the air supply unit are adjusted in conjunction. The weak airflow in the rapid heating stage induces the outer film to generate early thermal expansion. The high-speed airflow in the rapid cooling stage quickly removes the heat of the film and destroys the saturated humidity of the boundary layer air. This generates mechanical contraction shear stress between the film and the matrix surface, causing the film to separate from the matrix and form physical micro gaps, providing a uniform gas space for the subsequent synchronous differentiation of primordia.

[0019] 2. During the rapid temperature drop phase of the asymmetric thermal pulse cycle, the frequency of the inverter of the blower unit is increased in conjunction with the air supply unit. The enhanced high-velocity airflow directly washes over the outer surface of the bacterial bag. By counteracting the saturated vapor pressure enriched in the boundary layer under the cooling phase, the moisture on the surface of the multiphase medium is quickly removed. This directly blocks the surface condensate film that is easily precipitated due to the rapid temperature change of traditional symmetric temperature regulation. It eliminates the local cellular hypoxia stress pathway caused by the blockage of the cortical micropores. The high heat accumulated in the matrix core cannot have a synergistic destructive effect with the external liquid phase water film, avoiding high temperature and high humidity decay of the primordia in the early differentiation stage, and improving the survival rate of primordia sites on the full-coverage surface of the porous culture medium.

[0020] 3. By controlling the carbon dioxide volume percentage concentration in a high range during the heating phase of asymmetric thermal pulse stimulation, and supplementing it with light-emitting diodes of a specific wavelength, the physiological dual stress of mild hypoxia and photoinduced differentiation receptor activation is used to force the hyphae to migrate and aggregate towards the outer matrix. During the cooling phase of pulse stimulation, the exhaust program is activated to rapidly reduce the carbon dioxide volume percentage concentration and turn off the light. The surge in high oxygen flow provides high physiological momentum, causing the accumulated nutrients and intracellular temperature change response to superimpose in time and space, driving the hyphae to transform into reproductive growth with high synchronization, and achieving a high degree of uniformity in the differentiation time of the primordia on the full-coverage surface. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the temperature, humidity and flow rate control process steps of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a temperature and asymmetric thermal pulse state diagram of the present invention.

[0023] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] A segmented temperature-controlled process for inducing the growth of Auricularia auricula-judae spawn includes the following steps:

[0026] Step S1: Control the relative humidity of the environment to 65% to 70%, control the ambient temperature to 20℃ to 22℃, control the air flow rate to 0.05m / s to 0.1m / s, and control the time to 30h to 36h. By dissipating the heat inside the fungus bag through constant heat conduction, the absolute value of the temperature difference between the core temperature and the outer surface temperature of the fungus bag is stabilized within 0.5℃.

[0027] Step S2: After step S1 is completed, the ambient temperature is raised to 26°C to 28°C within a time window of 1.5h to 2h, the heating rate is controlled at 2.5°C / h to 3.0°C / h, the air supply power is adjusted to reduce the air velocity to 0.05m / s to 0.1m / s, the carbon dioxide volume percentage concentration is controlled at 0.2% to 0.3%, and the light-emitting diode with a wavelength of 460nm is turned on to apply light stimulation to the outer surface of the fungus bag.

[0028] Step S3: After the ambient temperature reaches 26℃ to 28℃, without temperature stagnation, increase the cooling capacity and reduce the ambient temperature to 12℃ to 14℃ within a time window of 1.5h to 2h, controlling the cooling rate to 4.0℃ / h to 5.0℃ / h. Simultaneously, adjust the air supply power to increase the air velocity to 0.6m / s to 0.8m / s and continuously supply air to the outer surface of the mushroom bag, and control the carbon dioxide volume percentage concentration to decrease to 0.03% to 0.05% within 1h, and turn off the LED illumination. The cooling rate and heating rate satisfy the first quantitative constraint relationship, i.e., the ratio of the cooling rate to the heating rate is not less than 1.3; the air velocity under the decreasing ambient temperature condition and the air velocity under the increasing ambient temperature condition satisfy the second quantitative constraint relationship, i.e., the ratio of the air velocity under the decreasing ambient temperature condition to the air velocity under the increasing ambient temperature condition is not less than 6.0.

[0029] Preferably, step S3 includes the following sub-steps: step S31, reducing the ambient temperature from 26°C to 28°C to 12°C to 14°C within 1.5h to 2h; step S32, controlling the air supply angle to 30° to 45°, increasing the air velocity to 0.6m / s to 0.8m / s and continuously supplying air to the outer surface of the mushroom bag; step S33, exhausting air to the outside and introducing air, controlling the carbon dioxide volume percentage concentration to decrease to 0.03% to 0.05% within 1h.

[0030] Preferably, when the light-emitting diode is turned on in step S2, the light intensity of the light-emitting diode is controlled to be 100 lx to 150 lx, and the light-emitting diode illumination time is controlled to be 12 h to 16 h.

[0031] Preferably, in step S1, the ambient relative humidity is maintained in the range of 65% to 70% by turning off the humidifier.

[0032] Preferably, after step S3 is completed, the following steps are also included: adjusting the ambient temperature to 19°C to 21°C, and simultaneously turning on the high-pressure micro-mist humidification system to control the relative humidity of the air to increase from 65% to 70% to 85% to 92%, adjusting the exhaust valve to control the air flow rate to be constant at 0.15m / s to 0.25m / s, and maintaining operation for 5 days to 7 days.

[0033] Preferably, step S1 includes the following sub-steps: step S11, controlling the ambient temperature to 20°C to 22°C; step S12, controlling the air flow rate to 0.05m / s to 0.1m / s, and the adjustment time to 30h to 36h.

[0034] Preferably, the method further includes the following steps for monitoring and controlling the primordia state: Step S701, collecting images of the primordia on the surface of the fungus bag every 1 hour; Step S702, calculating the rate of increase in the number of primordia per unit area based on the primordia images; Step S703, when the rate of increase in the number is less than 0.5 / (h·cm²), controlling the airflow speed to increase to 0.9m / s to 1.0m / s and maintaining it for 2 hours to 3 hours.

[0035] Preferably, in step S3, when the airflow velocity is increased to 0.6 m / s to 0.8 m / s and air is continuously supplied to the outer surface of the mushroom bag, the airflow direction is switched between forward and reverse every 30 minutes.

[0036] Preferably, when the light-emitting diode is turned on in step S2, the on-time of the light-emitting diode is controlled to be 12h and the off-time is controlled to be 12h, and the photon flux density in the environment is controlled to be 15μmol / (m²·s) to 20μmol / (m²·s) when the light-emitting diode is turned on.

[0037] Example 1: In the case of densely arranged shelves in the three-dimensional cultivation of black fungus in bags, the porous culture medium, due to its porous and multiphase heat transfer resistance, experiences biological heat release from mycelial respiration and metabolism during the primordium differentiation period. Environmental convective heat transfer lags due to the low thermal conductivity, causing internal metabolic heat to accumulate in the core area of ​​the bag and preventing dissipation to the surface, thus forming a nonlinear spatial temperature gradient between the bag core and the outer surface. When the external high humidity environment causes condensation on the outer layer and blocks the oxygen mass transfer pathway in the cortex, the micropores on the surface of the culture medium become blocked, triggering hypoxic stress. The high temperature in the core area, combined with the external continuous liquid water film, leads to a high primordium point temperature in the early differentiation stage. High temperature and humidity cause rot. The control system shuts off the humidifier to maintain the relative humidity of the air in the sealed workshop at 65% to 70%. The opening degree of the exhaust valve of the air supply system is adjusted to control the air flow rate at 0.2 to 0.4 m / s. At the same time, the ambient temperature is maintained at 13 to 15℃ and operated continuously for 30 to 36 hours. The flowing air contacts the porous culture medium to transfer heat and dissipate the physiological metabolic heat accumulated inside the mycelium bag, inhibiting the nutrient growth on the surface of the mycelium. The absolute value of the temperature difference between the core temperature and the outer surface temperature of the mycelium bag in the porous culture medium space is kept within 0.5℃, forming a homogeneous initial temperature state for the accumulation of soluble sugars and proteins.

[0038] After the initial temperature is reached, the control system raises the ambient temperature from the initial temperature to 26 to 28°C within 1.5 to 2 hours, controlling the rate of temperature change. The airflow rate is 2.5 to 3.0℃ / h, and the frequency of the inverter of the blower unit is simultaneously adjusted to control the airflow velocity to decrease to 0.05 to 0.1 m / s, causing thermal expansion of the plastic film on the outer skin of the mushroom bags. The control system maintains the ambient temperature at 26 to 28℃ without pausing, increases the opening of the cooling valve, and reduces the ambient temperature to 12 to 14℃ within 1.5 to 2 hours, controlling the rate of temperature change. The airflow rate is 4.0 to 5.0℃ / h, and the frequency of the inverter of the air supply unit is adjusted in conjunction with the air supply unit to control the airflow velocity to increase to 0.6 to 0.8 m / s, and the cooling rate is also adjusted. With the rate of temperature change Satisfy the formula Air velocity under cooling conditions airflow velocity under heating conditions Satisfy the formula ;in, For the rate of temperature change, For the rate of temperature change, The air velocity under cooling conditions. To determine the airflow velocity under heating conditions, the process control system uses segmented process control to set the output power of the cold and heat sources. The temperature of the cold air supply inside the main air duct is adjusted to 8°C to 10°C at the moment of the cooling phase. The temperature sensor located at the return air vent of the cultivation shelf measures the ambient temperature and generates a nonlinear decreasing curve with thermal inertia delay, so that the relative temperature of the return air vent environment stabilizes at 12°C to 14°C at the end of the 1.5h to 2h time period. During the entire cooling period, the time-weighted average relative cooling rate calculated by the control system based on the sampling period is maintained at 4.0°C / h to 5.0°C / h, forming a time series change of the temperature field that satisfies the ratio of cooling rate to heating rate of not less than 1.3.

[0039] The fluctuations in ambient temperature and the reverse shifts in airflow velocity constitute a single asymmetric thermal pulse cycle. The control system continuously repeats this single asymmetric thermal pulse cycle 4 to 6 times. During the heating phase of the asymmetric thermal pulse cycle, the control system maintains the carbon dioxide volume percentage concentration in the environment between 0.15% and 0.25% to guide the mycelium to migrate and aggregate towards the outer layer. Simultaneously, blue light-emitting diodes with a wavelength of 450 to 470 nm and a light intensity of 150 to 200 lx are activated to provide illumination. During the cooling phase of the asymmetric thermal pulse cycle, the control system activates the exhaust fan to reduce the carbon dioxide volume percentage concentration to below 0.05% within 1 hour and simultaneously shuts off the blue light-emitting diodes. The high-velocity airflow carries away heat from the outer plastic film and reduces the relative humidity of the boundary layer air, generating mechanical contraction shear stress between the outer plastic film and the culture substrate surface. This causes the outer plastic film to separate from the culture substrate and form physical micro-gaps to provide gas space for the synchronous differentiation of primordia on the entire surface. The mechanical contraction shear stress is generated by the synergistic effect of the temperature and pressure fields of the gas inside the substrate and the external flowing air. During the rapid heating phase, the trace amount of air trapped inside the porous culture substrate expands rapidly upon heating, generating a weak outward positive inward pressure on the flexible outer plastic film, keeping it in a taut state. When the process switches to the rapid cooling phase and a high-speed convective airflow of 0.6 m / s to 0.8 m / s is applied, the outer plastic film... Due to its extremely low specific heat capacity and direct exposure to cold air, the surface temperature of the plastic film drops rapidly within 3 seconds, generating a strong inward centripetal contraction tendency. Meanwhile, the porous culture substrate, rich in water and a high-thermal-resistance porous medium, possesses extremely high thermal inertia, and its surface temperature change lags behind that of the film. This creates a relative displacement shear force with completely opposite velocities and directions at the film-substrate interface. Simultaneously, as the high-speed airflow passes through the micropores and wrinkles on the film surface, the increased local velocity generates a local Bernoulli negative pressure suction effect. This outward suction force overcomes the cohesive force of the liquid water film on the substrate surface, thus pulling the plastic film outward by a localized micro-displacement of 0.5 mm to 1.2 mm. The film achieves mechanical and physical separation from the matrix surface on the fully encapsulated surface, constructing uniform non-condensing micro-gaps. After the asymmetric thermal pulse cycle is completed, the control system adjusts the ambient temperature to maintain it at 19 to 21°C, while simultaneously activating the high-pressure micro-mist humidification system to increase the relative humidity from 65% to 70% to 85% to 92% in a stepwise manner. The exhaust valve is adjusted to control the airflow velocity to remain constant at 0.15 to 0.25 m / s for 5 to 7 days. The constant temperature and humidity field, together with the low-speed uniform flow field, controls the differentiated primordia to simultaneously break through the openings on the substrate surface, avoiding primordia hypoxia necrosis caused by condensation film, resulting in primordia with an average diameter of 0.6 to 0.After the formation of 8cm seedling ear buds, the saturated vapor pressure of the boundary layer of each layer of the mushroom bags on the three-dimensional cultivation shelf is controlled by an asymmetric temporally coupled flow field. The moisture enriched on the surface of the multiphase culture substrate is discharged with a specific flow velocity. The interstitial gas composition between the outer plastic film and the culture substrate remains constant, and the spatial distribution and differentiation homogeneity of the seedling ear buds remain stable. In practical engineering applications, there is a definite physical transmission and attenuation mapping relationship between the main air duct operating parameters, light source emission intensity, and the microscopic local physical factors of the mushroom bag surface set by the aforementioned control system. In order to achieve the process control target of 20℃ to 22℃ for the local microenvironment of the outer surface of the mushroom bags, based on the large-capacity biological heat accumulation load generated by the dense stacking of shelves, the outlet air temperature of the refrigeration unit needs to be adjusted and maintained at 13℃ to 15℃ to offset the respiration continuously released by the high-density mushroom bag population. To ensure the stable micro-environment of the shelf area remains within the expected target temperature range, the initial airflow velocity of 0.2 m / s to 0.4 m / s output by the main fan unit within the air duct will decrease to a low velocity of 0.05 m / s to 0.1 m / s after passing through the dense, three-dimensional cultivation shelf structure with high frictional resistance and local kinetic energy dissipation, reaching the surface of the mushroom bag boundary layer. Furthermore, the initial luminous intensity of 150 lx to 200 lx output by the LED lamps, after being obstructed by the shelf's metal frame and attenuated by the inverse square of the spatial distance, will precisely fall within the physiological stimulation window of 100 lx to 150 lx on the outer surface of the mushroom bags in the deep shaded area of ​​the three-dimensional cultivation shelf. This achieves a match between macroscopic temperature and airflow field control and the local micro-environmental response of the mushroom bag surface.

[0040] Example 2: Under the temperature and flow field sequential germination control conditions in the automated edible mushroom spawn germination warehouse, a dense three-dimensional cultivation rack and an environmental field fluid circulation drive unit constitute the experimental platform. Thin-film thermocouple thermometers are installed inside the multiphase porous culture substrate spawn bags to collect the core and outer surface temperatures, with a temperature resolution of 0.05℃. Environmental flow velocity is collected using a hot-wire air velocity meter with a velocity resolution of 0.01 m / s. For real-time monitoring of the primordia state, a 192 resolution thermocouple is fixedly installed 10 cm above the ear-emerging area on each layer of the cultivation rack directly opposite the spawn bag surface. An industrial complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor with 0 pixels by 1080 pixels automatically acquires a single color primordium image every hour. Upon receiving the image data, the image processing module built into the data acquisition terminal performs grayscale processing and median filtering for noise reduction. It then applies the Otsu method to automatically find the global grayscale threshold and performs binarization segmentation, completely separating the light-colored nascent primordium particles with grayscale values ​​above 180 from the dark brown culture substrate background. Next, the algorithm uses an eight-neighbor connected component labeling method to statistically analyze the connected components in the image with areas between 1.0 square millimeters and 5.0 square millimeters. The total number of domains is used as the total number of primordia at the current moment. The data processing module subtracts the total number of primordia collected in the previous hour from the total number of primordia collected in the current hour to obtain the absolute increase in the number of primordia in the current period. This increase is then divided by the 1-hour time step and the fixed imaging surface area of ​​100 square centimeters corresponding to a single image, thereby continuously calculating the rate of increase in the number of primordia per unit area online. The industrial complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensor is fixedly installed on the crossbeam of the cultivation shelf, with the lens optical axis perpendicular to the outer surface of the mushroom bag. The lens focal length and object distance are kept fixed to ensure that a single image is real. The actual physical coverage area is kept constant at 100cm². When the rate of increase in quantity is less than 0.5 / h·cm², the variable frequency fan unit is triggered to increase the air velocity to 0.9m / s to 1.0m / s and maintain it for 2h to 3h. The control system loads Gaussian white noise interference signal into the temperature and wind speed regulation loop to generate transient voltage pulse fluctuations. The bagged black fungus spawn is divided into a control group using a conventional convection heat exchange scheme, a partially missing control group lacking wind speed linkage regulation, an out-of-range control group where process parameters exceed the boundary limits, and an experimental group using a segmented temperature control process.

[0041] There is a mutually restrictive relationship between the rate of physiological metabolic heat release and the boundary layer convective heat transfer efficiency within the porous culture medium. An initial equilibrium time of 30-36 hours is set to allow the absolute value of the internal and external temperature difference to converge. For the environmental temperature waveform during the nonlinear temperature cycle phase, the control system applies Formula 1. And Formula 2, i.e. The temperature and flow fields are subject to joint changes, in which, For the rate of temperature change, For the rate of temperature change, The air velocity under cooling conditions. The air velocity under heating conditions is used to overcome the cohesive force of the multiphase medium through transient shear stress generated by higher-order cooling rates and flow flux. The first component boundary node is set with a heating rate of 2.5℃ / h, a cooling rate of 4.0℃ / h, a heating velocity of 0.1m / s, and a cooling velocity of 0.6m / s. The second median node is set with a heating rate of 2.8℃ / h, a cooling rate of 4.5℃ / h, a heating velocity of 0.08m / s, and a cooling velocity of 0.7m / s. The third component boundary node is set with a heating rate of 3.0℃ / h, a cooling rate of 5.0℃ / h, a heating velocity of 0.05m / s, and a cooling velocity of 0.8m / s.

[0042] The original measured values ​​of the temperature difference between the inner and outer layers caused by heat storage in the center of the porous culture substrate bag, obtained by the data acquisition terminal, ranged from 4.15℃ to 4.38℃. Due to the lack of pulse disturbance in the control group of the conventional convection heat transfer scheme, the temperature difference between the inner and outer layers of the bag remained above 1.65℃ during the germination cycle. The measured value of the micro-gap separation between the film and the substrate surface was 0%, resulting in a 34.15% primordia rot rate due to anaerobic conditions. The seedling ear bud differentiation rate was 41.28%. The partially deficient control group, lacking wind speed linkage regulation, maintained a constant airflow velocity of 0.15 m / s throughout the entire cycle. During the cooling phase, saturated vapor pressure on the film surface remained trapped, resulting in a 18.42% physical micro-gap formation rate between the film and the substrate surface and a primordia rot rate of 22.14%. The out-of-range control group with a heating / cooling rate ratio set at 1.12 experienced insufficient interfacial thermal strain amplitude, leading to a plastic film separation degree of less than 25.0%. The out-of-range control group with a cooling flow rate set at 1.25 m / s experienced ear bud growth inhibition due to excessive dehydration. The average diameter of the seedling ear buds shrank to 0.21 cm. The experimental group using segmented temperature control technology underwent physical state changes after 4 to 6 asymmetric thermal pulse cycles. The rapid heating phase induced the expansion of the outer plastic film, and the rapid cooling phase, combined with the airflow at a velocity of 0.6 to 0.8 m / s, washed away the moisture. The physical micro-gap formation rate between the plastic film and the porous culture substrate surface reached 95.63% at the second median node. The strain shear stress produced a stable load response, the primordia rot rate decreased to 1.24%, and the synchronous differentiation rate of the primordia on the coating surface increased to 96.42%. The average diameter of the differentiated seedling ear buds reached 0.68 cm, and the spatial arrangement of each layer of the cultivation shelf remained uniform. The saturated vapor pressure of the boundary layer of the mycelium bags in each layer of the three-dimensional cultivation shelf was controlled by the asymmetric temporally coupled flow field. The enriched moisture on the surface of the multiphase culture substrate was discharged with the airflow at a specific velocity. The interstitial gas composition between the outer plastic film and the culture substrate remained constant, and the spatial distribution and differentiation uniformity of the seedling ear buds remained stable.

[0043] Example 3: This example combines Figures 1 to 2 The process of inducing fruiting in wood ear fungus using segmented temperature control is explained, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the process flow sequence includes step S1: controlling temperature, humidity and flow rate to stabilize the internal and external temperature difference; step S2: heating up, reducing flow rate, controlling carbon dioxide and turning on the light; and then step S3: cooling down, increasing flow rate, reducing carbon dioxide and turning off the light. The process parameters must meet the following requirements: the ratio of cooling rate to heating rate is not less than 1.3, and the ratio of air flow rate under cooling and heating conditions is not less than 6.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, the process flow begins at a homogeneous initial temperature state. Under conditions where the absolute value of the temperature difference is within 0.5℃, it flows to the asymmetric thermal pulse heating phase. When the temperature reaches 26 to 28℃, it flows to the asymmetric thermal pulse cooling phase. Under the asymmetric thermal pulse cooling phase, if the cycle is less than 4 to 6 times, it flows back to the asymmetric thermal pulse heating phase. If the cycle is 4 to 6 times, it finally flows to the steady-state differentiation and germination state.

[0045] Example 4: In large and medium-sized industrialized three-dimensional cultivation workshops for black fungus, automated edible fungus spawn bags are densely arranged on high-level cultivation shelves in an automated edible fungus spawn bag germination base. Due to the friction loss and local kinetic energy dissipation of airflow when passing through the high-density shelves, the airflow velocity between the top and bottom of the cultivation shelves is sheared. As the spawning cycle progresses, the porous culture medium loses water, causing its inherent thermal conductivity to decrease. This results in local metabolic heat accumulation in the bag-based three-dimensional cultivation spawn bag units located in the shadow areas deep within the layers, deviating from the initial temperature state. This uneven spatial flow field distribution, coupled with the degradation of physical properties over time, leads to delayed differentiation of local primordia and low uniformity of bud development in the outer layer of seedlings.

[0046] The control system acquires local temperature difference data from temperature measurement nodes at different heights of the cultivation rack, and adjusts the opening of the diversion valves installed in the air duct to change the airflow flux of the corresponding level. Simultaneously, the control system initiates a calibration loop for the porous culture medium after four days of operation, correcting the cooling rate of the time-series asymmetric thermal pulse cycle based on the current cycle number, ensuring that the cooling rate satisfies quantitative constraint equation three. Specifically, quantitative constraint equation three is... ,in, The calibrated rate of temperature change. For the rate of temperature change, The calibration coefficient is dimensionless; and as the number of thermal pulse cycles increases, the control system will... The value was gradually reduced from 1.40 to 1.31 to reduce the amplitude of temperature-dependent thermal stress and slow down the volume shrinkage of the porous culture medium after water loss. The physical micro-gap formation rate between the outer plastic film and the surface of the porous culture medium was kept stable within the range of 92% to 96%. The engineering logic and derivation basis for the dimensionless calibration coefficient being gradually reduced from 1.40 to 1.31 is that, with the accumulation of asymmetric thermal pulse cycles, the water content of the porous culture medium decreases at a rate of 0.8% per cycle under continuous heating and dehydration. The inherent thermoelastic modulus of the matrix increases accordingly, resulting in a weakening of the hysteresis effect of its overall volume shrinkage. In order to prevent excessive temperature-dependent stress from causing excessive cracking or permanent drying failure of the culture medium, the system adopts the empirical regression equation of the cumulative water loss curve of the previous multiple cycles, and reduces the calibration coefficient for each additional cycle. A 0.022 attenuation strategy was employed to mitigate the absolute temperature difference variation during the later cooling phase. The physical microgap generation rate was tested using a non-destructive gas pressure drop method: a micro-pressure micro-conduit was pre-embedded between the outer plastic film of the mushroom bag and the substrate. After completing the set thermal pulse cycle, a constant micro-flow rate of clean air of 0.05 liters per minute was introduced into the conduit. The pressure drop value was continuously monitored for 5 seconds using a pressure sensor. When a micron-level gap existed, the gas flowed out along the inner interface of the film, and the steady-state back pressure established at the end of the conduit dropped to below 15 mTorr. The system determined that the physical microgap had been successfully generated at the measuring point. Discrete data was deployed and tested at 100 measuring points evenly distributed across the entire coverage surface of the experimental group. The number of qualified measuring points with pressure dropping below 15 mTorr remained stable between 92 and 96, thus achieving quantitative verification of the physical microgap generation rate.

[0047] The method of flow flux balance adjustment and flow velocity gradient calibration solves the problem of uneven ear emergence caused by the drift of the microclimate flow field in the workshop. The interface between the porous culture medium and the outer plastic film of each layer of the cultivation rack maintains a non-condensing physical micro-gap, providing gas space for the synchronous differentiation of primordia on the fully covered surface, and controlling the uniform breakthrough of the differentiated primordia points through the opening of the culture medium surface, so that the ear bud space arrangement of each layer of the cultivation rack remains uniform and stable.

[0048] Example 5: When the system faces the situation of changing different production batches of bag-based three-dimensional germination workshop substrates, the porous culture medium of different batches has spatial distribution differences in initial moisture content and physical density. This causes a single isothermal dissipation control to fail to keep the metabolic heat in the core area of ​​the bag-based three-dimensional germination workshop substrates in a convergent state. The pre-test tuning circuit activates the sensor reference calibration process to establish the initial temperature state. High-precision thermocouple probes collect the initial temperature of the center position and surface of the porous culture medium. The data processing module reads the pre-heat transfer coefficient of the current production batch of bag-based three-dimensional germination substrates under static convection conditions. To eliminate the temperature difference bias caused by spatial thermal resistance dissipation, the control system applies a valve opening adjustment formula to correct the flow distribution of the air supply system. The valve opening adjustment formula is as follows: ,in, The adjusted valve opening increment is used for correction. The preceding thermal conductivity coefficient, As a proportionality constant, during the operation phase of the pre-test tuning loop, the specific test procedure for the pre-heat conductivity coefficient is as follows: Three test bags are randomly selected from the current production batch to be shelved. The test probe of a probe-type hot-wire thermal conductivity meter is vertically inserted at the geometric center of the bag. The instrument is activated to apply a constant heating power of 2.0W to the probe. The temperature rise curve of the probe surface over time is continuously measured and recorded. The data processing module reads the linear slope of the logarithm of temperature over time for heating times between 60 and 300 seconds. Based on Fourier's heat transfer law, the intrinsic thermal conductivity coefficient of this batch of porous culture medium is calculated. The test results are stable between 0.35W / m°C and 0.45W / m°C. The formula... The proportional constant is a fixed constant pre-calibrated based on the angular displacement resolution of the stepper motor in the air supply system and the airflow characteristic curve of the exhaust valve. Its value is precisely set to 12.0 degrees Celsius per watt, which means that when the pre-heat conductivity coefficient of the porous culture medium fluctuates by 0.1W per degree Celsius, the opening of the air valve will be linearly adjusted by 1.2 degrees, thus ensuring accurate compensation of airflow distribution under different initial physical properties. The control system adjusts the pulse frequency of the stepper motor according to the pre-calculation results to drive the air supply valve to deflect, eliminating the measurement nonlinearity bias caused by the intrinsic thermal resistance of the material within 12 hours, and controlling the absolute value of the temperature difference between the core temperature and the outer surface temperature of the culture bag in the porous culture medium space to within 0.5℃.

[0049] The initial homogeneous temperature state is established after the calibration loop is closed-loop. The environmental air supply system inherits the flow distribution during the temperature change cycle to maintain the stability of the flow field on the three-dimensional cultivation shelf. The intrinsic temperature disturbance of the multiphase culture medium is offset and corrected. The outer plastic film produces uniform thermal expansion changes. Finally, the differentiation synchronization rate of primordia points on the full-coverage surface of the bag-based three-dimensional cultivation bags in the whole workshop is kept constant. This avoids primordia hypoxia caused by the blockage of the continuous liquid phase water film in the cortex of the culture medium. The differentiation of primordia points on the full-coverage surface of the porous culture medium produces seedling ear buds with an average diameter of 0.6 to 0.8 cm and a spatial arrangement that meets the requirements of three-dimensional cultivation.

[0050] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A segmented temperature-controlled process for inducing the growth of Auricularia auricula-judae spawn, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Control the relative humidity of the environment to 65% to 70%, control the ambient temperature to 20℃ to 22℃, control the air flow rate to 0.05m / s to 0.1m / s, and control the time to 30h to 36h. By dissipating the heat inside the fungus bag through constant heat conduction, the absolute value of the temperature difference between the core temperature and the outer surface temperature of the fungus bag is stabilized within 0.5℃. Step S2: After step S1 is completed, the ambient temperature is raised to 26°C to 28°C within a time window of 1.5h to 2h, the heating rate is controlled at 2.5°C / h to 3.0°C / h, the air supply power is adjusted to reduce the air velocity to 0.05m / s to 0.1m / s, the carbon dioxide volume percentage concentration is controlled at 0.2% to 0.3%, and the light-emitting diode with a wavelength of 460nm is turned on to apply light stimulation to the outer surface of the fungus bag. Step S3: After the ambient temperature reaches 26℃ to 28℃, without temperature stagnation, increase the cooling capacity and reduce the ambient temperature to 12℃ to 14℃ within a time window of 1.5h to 2h, controlling the cooling rate to 4.0℃ / h to 5.0℃ / h. Simultaneously, adjust the air supply power to increase the air velocity to 0.6m / s to 0.8m / s and continuously supply air to the outer surface of the mushroom bag, and control the carbon dioxide volume percentage concentration to decrease to 0.03% to 0.05% within 1h, and turn off the LED illumination. The cooling rate and heating rate satisfy the first quantitative constraint relationship, i.e., the ratio of the cooling rate to the heating rate is not less than 1.3; the air velocity under the decreasing ambient temperature condition and the air velocity under the increasing ambient temperature condition satisfy the second quantitative constraint relationship, i.e., the ratio of the air velocity under the decreasing ambient temperature condition to the air velocity under the increasing ambient temperature condition is not less than 6.

0.

2. The segmented temperature-controlled process for promoting the growth of *Auricularia auricula-judae* fungus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 includes the following sub-steps: Step S31, reducing the ambient temperature from 26°C to 28°C to 12°C to 14°C within 1.5h to 2h; Step S32, controlling the air supply angle to 30° to 45°, increasing the air velocity to 0.6m / s to 0.8m / s and continuously supplying air to the outer surface of the mushroom bag; Step S33, exhausting air to the outside and introducing air, controlling the carbon dioxide volume percentage concentration to decrease to 0.03% to 0.05% within 1h.

3. The segmented temperature-controlled process for promoting the growth of *Auricularia auricula-judae* fungus according to claim 1, characterized in that... When the LED is turned on in step S2, the light intensity of the LED is controlled to be 100 lx to 150 lx, and the LED illumination time is controlled to be 12 h to 16 h.

4. The segmented temperature-controlled process for promoting the growth of *Auricularia auricula-judae* spawn according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the ambient relative humidity is maintained within the range of 65% to 70% by turning off the humidifier.

5. The segmented temperature-controlled process for promoting the growth of *Auricularia auricula-judae* spawn according to claim 1, characterized in that, After step S3 is completed, The steps include: adjusting the ambient temperature to 19°C to 21°C, turning on the high-pressure micro-mist humidification system to control the relative humidity of the air from 65% to 70% to 85% to 92%, adjusting the exhaust valve to control the air flow rate to be constant at 0.15m / s to 0.25m / s, and maintaining operation for 5 to 7 days.

6. The segmented temperature-controlled process for inducing the growth of *Auricularia auricula-judae* spawn according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 includes the following sub-steps: Step S11, controlling the ambient temperature to 20℃ to 22℃; Step S12, controlling the air flow rate to 0.05m / s to 0.1m / s, and the adjustment time to 30h to 36h.

7. The segmented temperature-controlled process for promoting the growth of *Auricularia auricula-judae* fungus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps for monitoring and controlling the primordia state: Step S701, collect images of the primordia on the surface of the mushroom bag every 1 hour; Step S702, calculate the rate of increase in the number of primordia per unit area based on the primordia images; Step S703, when the rate of increase in the number is less than 0.5 / (h·cm²), control the airflow speed to increase to 0.9m / s to 1.0m / s and maintain it for 2 hours to 3 hours.

8. The segmented temperature-controlled process for promoting the growth of *Auricularia auricula-judae* fungus according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, when the airflow velocity is increased to 0.6 m / s to 0.8 m / s and air is continuously supplied to the outer surface of the mushroom bag, the airflow direction is switched between forward and reverse every 30 minutes.

9. The segmented temperature-controlled process for promoting the growth of *Auricularia auricula-judae* fungus according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, when the light-emitting diode is turned on, the on time of the light-emitting diode is controlled to be 12h and the off time is controlled to be 12h. The photon flux density in the environment when the light-emitting diode is turned on is controlled to be 15μmol / (m²·s) to 20μmol / (m²·s).

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