A soil fertility improvement method based on corn-soybean intercropping

Abstract

The application discloses a soil improvement method based on corn-soybean intercropping, and belongs to the field of agricultural technology, which comprises the following steps: dividing the area before starting cultivation; determining the corn and soybean farmland plots; planting according to the distribution position of corn and soybean in all farmland plots, and returning straw to field; obtaining environmental influence factors that cannot be normally decomposed; adjusting the soil environment of the farmland plot based on the environmental influence factors; plowing the farmland before the next cultivation period starts, crushing the remaining returned straw and plowing it into the soil, and dividing the area to obtain newly divided farmland plots; planting corn or soybean in the newly divided farmland plots, and returning straw to field and adjusting the soil environment after harvesting to improve the decomposition degree of returned straw. The problems of unreasonable corn-soybean planting plot configuration and low efficiency of straw returning to field in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of agricultural technology, specifically, it relates to a method for improving soil fertility based on intercropping of corn and soybeans. Background Technology

[0002] Soil fertility directly determines crop yield. For a long time in my country, the main method for improving soil fertility was the heavy application of chemical fertilizers, which ironically led to insufficient soil fertility. Therefore, new methods for sustainable soil fertility improvement are gradually being adopted. These methods primarily utilize straw return to the field, supplemented by various agricultural facilities. Considering the unique characteristics of soybeans, intercropping with corn is being implemented to achieve the desired results. However, current methods for improving soil fertility also have shortcomings. These include fixed intercropping locations for corn and soybeans, which fail to consider the uneven distribution of nutrients and soil conditions in large areas of farmland. This can result in the corn and soybeans being positioned in locations that do not guarantee their normal growth. Furthermore, insufficient monitoring of straw decomposition after return to the field can lead to incomplete decomposition of straw underground, resulting in insufficient nutrients provided by the straw and a lower effectiveness in improving the soil environment.

[0003] In summary, how to improve soil fertility by properly configuring corn-soybean intercropping schemes and, based on these schemes, enhancing the effectiveness of straw return to the field, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of unreasonable intercropping arrangements of corn and soybeans in existing technologies and the failure to fully utilize the effectiveness of straw return to the field, this application discloses a method for improving soil fertility based on corn-soybean intercropping, specifically: A method for improving soil fertility based on corn-soybean intercropping, the method comprising: Before cultivation begins, the composition of nutrients in the soil within the cultivated area is obtained, and the area is divided to obtain cultivated land plots. To obtain the soil nutrient requirements and environmental requirements of corn and soybeans, and to determine the arable land plots where corn and soybeans are located; In all arable land plots, corn and soybeans are planted according to their distribution locations, and the straw is returned to the field after harvest; Real-time acquisition of the decomposition status of straw returned to the field in each cultivated land plot, and acquisition of environmental impact factors of straw that has not decomposed normally; Based on the aforementioned environmental impact factors, environmental adjustments were made to the soil of the cultivated land plots. Before the start of the next planting season, the farmland is plowed, and the remaining straw that was returned to the field is crushed and plowed into the soil. The farmland is then divided into new plots. Corn or soybeans are planted in the newly designated arable land plots, and straw is returned to the field and the soil environment is adjusted after harvesting to improve the degree of straw decomposition.

[0005] Optionally, the step of obtaining the nutrient composition of the soil within the cultivated area before cultivation begins, and dividing the area into cultivated plots, includes: The soil in the cultivated area was uniformly sampled, and the nutrient composition of each sampling point was obtained. Nutrients are collected to form a cluster of identical sampling points, and the cultivated land is divided into regions based on the cluster of sampling points. The obtained regional division results are correlated with the corresponding nutrient composition to determine arable land plots.

[0006] Optionally, obtaining the soil nutrient requirements and environmental requirements of corn and soybeans, and determining the arable land plots where corn and soybeans are located, includes: The nutrient requirements of corn and soybeans during the initial growth period were obtained and compared with the nutrient composition data of cultivated land plots to identify the dominant crops within the cultivated land plots. To obtain the environmental requirements for corn and soybeans during their growth process, in order to obtain soil environmental requirements; Within a cultivated land plot, the length direction of the optimal parameter distribution area that meets the soil environment requirements of the dominant crop is taken as the direction of the dominant crop ridge, and the benchmark position of the dominant crop within the corresponding cultivated land plot is determined according to the intercropping configuration pattern. Based on the baseline location of the dominant crops within the corresponding cultivated land plots, the distribution locations of corn and soybeans within each cultivated land plot are determined.

[0007] Optionally, determining the distribution location of corn and soybeans within each cultivated land plot based on the benchmark location of the dominant crop within the corresponding cultivated land plot includes: The method obtains the initial distribution location of corn and soybeans in the current planting cycle and the distribution location of corn and soybeans in the previous planting cycle, as well as the percentage of the area of ​​the continuous cropping area in the cultivated land plot. Obtain cultivated land plots with an area ratio not lower than the preset area ratio, and move the initial distribution positions of corn and soybeans along the direction perpendicular to the field ridges, and obtain the area ratio of the new continuous cultivated area in the cultivated land plot to obtain the new area ratio. The distribution of corn and soybeans within each arable land plot is obtained until the new area ratio is no higher than the preset area ratio.

[0008] Optionally, the planting of corn and soybeans in all cultivated land plots according to their distribution locations, and the return of straw to the field after harvest, includes: Obtain the distribution locations of corn and soybeans within all cultivated land plots, and then plant corn and soybeans accordingly; After corn and soybeans are harvested, the straw is crushed and mixed, and a decomposition accelerator is sprayed evenly to obtain straw to be returned to the field. Based on the soil nutrient composition after the harvest of the crops in each arable land plot, the amount of straw returned to the field for each arable land plot is obtained, and the straw is returned to the field.

[0009] Optionally, the step of obtaining the amount of straw returned to the field for each cultivated land plot based on the soil nutrient composition after crop harvest, and then returning the straw to the field, includes: After crop harvest, soil nutrient content is measured in each plot of cultivated land to obtain the composition of soil nutrients after harvest. To obtain the decomposition patterns and nutrient production of straw returned to the field within the spatial and temporal context of the cultivated land, so as to obtain the decomposition characteristics; Based on the goal of improving soil fertility, the target amount of soil nutrients in the next farming cycle and the decomposition characteristics of straw returned to the field are obtained, and the amount of straw returned to the field for each farmland plot is obtained.

[0010] Optionally, the real-time acquisition of the decomposition status of straw returned to the field within each cultivated land plot, and the acquisition of environmental impact factors of straw that has not decomposed normally, include: Based on the detection device, the decomposition status of straw returned to the field in the soil is acquired in real time and recorded; Based on the decomposition characteristics of straw returned to the field, the theoretical decomposition state of straw returned to the field is obtained; The real-time decomposition status of straw returned to the field in each cultivated land plot is compared with the theoretical decomposition status to identify cultivated land plots where straw returned to the field has not decomposed normally. To obtain soil environmental data from cultivated land plots where straw returned to the field failed to decompose normally, and to identify environmental factors affecting the decomposition status of straw returned to the field.

[0011] Optionally, the environmental adjustment of the soil in the cultivated land plot based on the aforementioned environmental influencing factors includes: Based on the aforementioned environmental impact factors, corresponding environmental impact factor treatment methods are obtained; Implement corresponding environmental impact factor treatment methods, and monitor and adjust the environmental adjustment effects in real time until the straw returned to the field decomposes normally.

[0012] Optionally, before the start of the next planting season, the farmland is plowed, and any remaining straw returned to the field is shredded and plowed into the soil. The land is then divided into new plots, including: Before the start of the next planting season, the remaining straw in the cultivated land is crushed and plowed to obtain new cultivated soil. The soil of the new arable land is uniformly sampled, and the arable land is divided based on the nutrient composition of the uniformly sampled soil to obtain newly divided arable land plots.

[0013] Optionally, the planting of corn or soybeans in the newly designated arable land plots, followed by straw return to the field and soil environment adjustment after harvest to improve the degree of straw decomposition, includes: Based on the soil nutrient composition and soil environment within the newly divided arable land plots, the determination of whether to plant corn or soybeans within the newly divided arable land plots is made. Corn or soybeans were planted in all newly designated arable land plots, and straw was returned to the field after harvest, along with soil environmental adjustments to improve the degree of straw decomposition.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this application include: 1. Improved the rationality of corn-soybean intercropping location. The technical solution of this application determines the location of corn and soybeans. During the determination stage, both the nutritional needs of corn and soybeans in the soil and their adaptability to the soil environment are considered. This ensures that the nutritional needs of corn and soybeans are met, thereby increasing their yield and straw output, while avoiding the negative impact of the soil environment on corn or soybean growth, which could lead to reduced yield and straw output, or even large-scale death of corn or soybeans, resulting in the production of toxic substances in the soil.

[0015] 2. Improved effectiveness of straw return to the field. The technical solution of this application involves real-time monitoring of the rate and extent of decomposition of the returned straw in the soil. When a low decomposition rate is detected, the cause of the problem is identified. In subsequent treatment, environmental adjustments can be made to allow the returned straw to decompose faster and more thoroughly. Based on this method, the nutrient output of the decomposed returned straw is increased, thereby significantly improving soil fertility.

[0016] 3. Achieved cyclical improvement of arable land fertility. In the technical solution of this application, after the planting and harvesting of each crop, the obtained straw is returned to the field. At the same time, before the start of the next planting cycle, the soil of the arable land is retested. In this way, it can be ensured that the distribution of corn and soybeans is re-determined based on the obtained nutrient test results during each planting period, and the subsequent planting and straw return operations are continuously completed. In this way, the continuous improvement of arable land fertility can be achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the following description is only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of this disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain this disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation of this disclosure. In the drawings: Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for improving soil fertility based on corn-soybean intercropping, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of cultivated land plot division in a method for improving soil fertility based on corn-soybean intercropping provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the distribution of dominant crops in a soil fertility improvement method based on corn-soybean intercropping, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of crop distribution locations for a method to improve soil fertility based on intercropping of corn and soybeans, provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0019] To improve soil fertility, the conventional approach is not to use large amounts of chemical fertilizers, but rather to allow the soil to effectively recover during the fallow period. Currently, the main method used for this recovery is straw return to the field. Simultaneously, during the planting season, it's crucial to coordinate crops to enhance soil fertility. The main problems with current soil fertility improvement methods are: when intercropping corn and soybeans, only specific intercropping methods are followed without selecting the most suitable crops for each plot; and when returning straw to the field, only the amount and depth of straw are controlled, without tracking and adjusting the degree of straw decomposition. This results in low actual utilization of returned straw and fails to achieve effective soil fertility improvement.

[0020] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this application discloses a method for improving soil fertility based on maize-soybean intercropping, such as... Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a method for improving soil fertility based on corn-soybean intercropping, provided in an embodiment of this application. Specifically: S110. Before cultivation begins, obtain the composition of soil nutrients within the cultivated area and divide the area into cultivated plots.

[0021] S120. Obtain the soil nutrient requirements and environmental requirements of corn and soybeans, and determine the arable land plots where corn and soybeans are located.

[0022] S130. In all cultivated land plots, corn and soybeans shall be planted according to their distribution location, and the straw shall be returned to the field after harvest.

[0023] S140. Real-time acquisition of the decomposition status of straw returned to the field in each cultivated land plot, and acquisition of environmental impact factors of straw that has not decomposed normally.

[0024] S150. Based on the aforementioned environmental impact factors, environmental adjustments are made to the soil of the cultivated land plots.

[0025] S160. Before the start of the next planting season, the farmland is plowed, and the remaining straw that was returned to the field is crushed and plowed into the soil. The farmland is then divided into new plots.

[0026] S170. Plant corn or soybeans in newly designated cultivated land plots, and return straw to the field and adjust the soil environment after harvest to improve the degree of straw decomposition.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the above steps are that they can effectively improve the soil fertility of arable land, and at the same time, they can carry out cyclical soil fertility improvement, thereby establishing a complete soil fertility improvement mechanism.

[0028] The following will provide a detailed explanation of all the steps above: As described in step S110, the purpose of this step is to consider that in a large area of ​​arable land, the crops planted, the amount of fertilizer applied, and the daily farming techniques used may vary in different areas, and the suitable crops for corn or soybeans will also differ. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct nutrient content testing on the arable land to divide the land into plots, and then select the most suitable crop. Specifically: S111. Uniformly sample the soil in the cultivated area and obtain the nutrient composition of each sampling point.

[0029] The purpose of this step is to conduct a detailed analysis of the distribution of nutrients within the cultivated land.

[0030] This requires ensuring that soil sampling points are set up throughout the entire large area of ​​cultivated land, and that the sampling points are set up evenly.

[0031] After setting up soil sampling points, soil samples were taken from each sampling point area.

[0032] The soil sampling work requires sampling the soil throughout the entire cultivated layer. Of course, if the plow pan has been broken up and used as the new cultivated layer, then the plow pan also needs to be sampled.

[0033] After the soil samples are taken at each sampling point, the soil samples need to be tested for nutrients. This process can be carried out in a laboratory, and the tested substances include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, and beneficial bacteria.

[0034] S112. Obtain a cluster of sampling points that form the same nutrient composition, and divide the cultivated land into regions based on the cluster of sampling points.

[0035] The purpose of this step is to divide the area after obtaining the sampling point information, so as to determine the composition of nutrients in different areas.

[0036] This involves obtaining the nutrient composition of two adjacent sampling points and comparing the concentrations of all identical nutrients to determine the deviation.

[0037] Specifically, if the nutrient deviation of any pair of sampling points exceeds the deviation threshold, the two sampling points are considered to belong to different farmland plots.

[0038] Among these requirements, it is necessary to ensure that the concentration or content of all nutrients in each plot of arable land does not exceed the deviation threshold.

[0039] S113. Associate the obtained regional division results with the corresponding nutrient composition to determine the arable land plots.

[0040] The purpose of this step is to correlate the obtained regional division results with the corresponding nutrient composition information within that region, so as to determine the arable land plots.

[0041] This requires establishing an information correspondence between the obtained regional division results and the corresponding nutrient composition within the information system and the control system. Only then can the final arable land plot division results for large areas of arable land be obtained. Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the division of cultivated land plots in a method for improving soil fertility based on intercropping of corn and soybeans provided in an embodiment of this application. According to the above method, a large area of ​​cultivated land is divided into 5 cultivated land plots, namely the first plot, the second plot, the third plot, the fourth plot, and the fifth plot. These plots are the cultivated land plots mentioned in this application, and each cultivated land plot has a corresponding nutrient composition.

[0042] The beneficial effect of step S110 is that by analyzing the nutrient composition of a large area of ​​cultivated land, the cultivated land can be divided into plots. This ensures that in subsequent intercropping of corn and soybeans, the appropriate selection of crops can be made within the plots based on the nutrient composition of the plots, thereby guaranteeing yield and straw quality.

[0043] As described in step S120, the purpose of this step is to allocate suitable corn, soybeans, or even other crops to different plots of farmland in a large area of ​​cultivated land to ensure sufficient yield after planting and to provide enough straw for returning to the field. Specifically: S121. Obtain the nutrient requirements of corn and soybeans during the initial growth period, and compare them with the nutrient composition data of cultivated land plots to identify the dominant crops within the cultivated land plots.

[0044] The purpose of this step is to determine the arable land plots where corn and soybeans can be planted, based on the nutritional requirements of corn and soybeans and the nutrient structure that the soil can provide.

[0045] The initial growth period for corn and soybeans mainly refers to the germination to tillering stage.

[0046] The nutrient requirements of corn and soybeans during their initial growth period can be determined directly using existing research findings, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0047] This involves comparing the nutritional requirements of corn and soybeans during their initial growth stages with the soil nutrient composition of the cultivated land plots. Then, the corn or soybeans that can be planted in the relevant cultivated land plots are selected as the dominant crops.

[0048] If a plot of land is found to support both crops, then intercropping of corn and soybeans can be implemented based on the planting content of the surrounding plots. For example, if corn is planted on the surrounding farmland, then soybeans can be planted on this farmland.

[0049] In some embodiments, it is necessary to verify the dominant crop corresponding to the cultivated land plot, or whether it corresponds to a specific dominant crop. Considering that these verification steps are not mandatory, in order to distinguish them from other formal steps in this application, a corresponding distinction is made in the writing mode. Specifically, the steps are named steps S121(1) to S121(5), and the specific steps include: S121(1) Determine whether the soil environment provided by all cultivated land plots meets the corresponding soil environment requirements of corn or soybean. If all soil environments can meet the soil environment requirements of a certain crop, then the correspondence between the dominant crop and the cultivated land plots has been verified.

[0050] The purpose of this step is to analyze whether corn or soybeans can be planted in the corresponding arable land plots, as corn and soybeans have requirements for both nutritional and environmental conditions during their growth.

[0051] In step S121, the dominant crops for each arable land plot have been identified, and the analysis of these dominant crops is conducted at the nutrient level.

[0052] This requires analyzing the inner surface environment of each arable land plot and comparing it with the environmental requirements of corn and soybeans.

[0053] The relationship between dominant crops and arable land plots can be considered validated only when all soil surface environments and soil environmental requirements of dominant crops are found to match.

[0054] In this context, "passing the verification" means that the corn or soybeans in the corresponding cultivated land plot are indeed planted within that plot.

[0055] Among them, when it is found that the soil environment of the cultivated land plot is completely matched with the soil environment requirements of corn or soybean, the correspondence between corn and soybean and cultivated land plot is considered to have been verified.

[0056] For the analysis of the soil environment, one method is to jointly configure the soil environment of all areas within the cultivated land plot, or in the subsequent steps S123, based on the determination of the direction of the field ridges, determine the soil environment clustering area of ​​each field ridge. This method will be explained in detail later and will not be explained here.

[0057] S121(2) After the correspondence between the dominant crop and the cultivated land plot fails to pass the verification, obtain the deviation of each soil environmental parameter of the cultivated land plot and each soil environmental requirement parameter of the corresponding dominant crop.

[0058] The purpose of this step is to further assess cases that fail verification in order to proceed with subsequent result processing.

[0059] When the verification fails, it is necessary to compare each soil environmental parameter in the arable land plot corresponding to the dominant crop with each soil environmental requirement of the corn or soybean corresponding to that arable land plot. It should be noted that the corresponding arable land plot at this time is essentially a preset corresponding arable land plot, rather than an arable land plot that can be determined for application.

[0060] For each comparison result of soil environmental requirements, the deviation needs to be calculated. The deviation calculation equation is as follows: , in, Indicates the first i Deviation of soil environmental requirement parameters; P i Indicates the first i Item soil environmental parameters; P si Indicates the first i Soil environmental requirements for key crops; i This indicates the type of soil environmental requirement and the corresponding soil environmental requirement number.

[0061] In this process, it is necessary to calculate the deviation of all soil environmental requirements and parameters, so that in the subsequent analysis, the soil environmental parameters of each item can be compared and analyzed.

[0062] S121(3) Compare the deviation of each soil environmental requirement parameter with the corresponding preset deviation. If neither is higher than the corresponding preset deviation, then perform a secondary verification through the correspondence between the dominant crop and the cultivated land plot.

[0063] The purpose of this step is to identify some less influential factors when the environmental requirements of the dominant crop do not match the soil environment of the corresponding arable land plot, so as to conduct supplementary verification and further judge the rationality of the correspondence.

[0064] The so-called preset deviation means that if the soil environmental parameter exceeds the preset deviation, it will have a significant impact on the growth of the dominant crop of the cultivated land plot, indicating that the plot is not suitable for planting the dominant crop.

[0065] The determination of the preset deviation can be based directly on its significance. For example, if the soil moisture content is too high, causing corn or soybeans to suffer from waterlogging damage over a long period of time, the preset deviation can be determined by the experience of technical personnel or by other methods, as long as it meets the corresponding significance. This application does not impose any restrictions.

[0066] Among them, the deviation of each soil environmental requirement parameter is compared with the corresponding preset deviation. Only when all deviations are not higher than the preset deviation can it be considered that the secondary verification has been passed.

[0067] S121(4) When the correspondence between the dominant crop and the cultivated land plot fails to pass the second verification, if the soil environment provided by the cultivated land plot and the soil environment requirement of another crop are not lower than the preset matching degree, the dominant crop of the cultivated land plot shall be adjusted to another crop.

[0068] The purpose of this step is to address situations where secondary verification may fail, requiring additional methods to be employed for the selection of superior crops.

[0069] If the correspondence between the dominant crop and the cultivated land plot fails to pass the secondary verification, it means that the dominant crop corresponding to the cultivated land plot cannot be planted in the area because it will cause serious growth defects in the dominant crop. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze another crop.

[0070] Among them, it is necessary to analyze the compatibility between the soil environment requirements of another crop and the soil environment of the cultivated land plot. The analysis method and steps S121(2)~S121(3) are the same for this compatibility analysis, and will not be repeated here.

[0071] It should be noted that nutrients are not considered in this step, as they can be adjusted later. However, soil environments are different. On the one hand, adjusting the soil environment is more difficult and costly. On the other hand, the above steps all occur before actual cultivation. To ensure the effectiveness of the analysis, they are often performed after tilling. In this case, adjusting the soil environment often requires targeted tilling, which increases the investment, makes the operation too complicated, and the cost too high. There is no option to do so.

[0072] S121(5) If the soil environment provided by the cultivated land plot matches the soil environment requirements of another crop with a degree of matching that is not lower than the preset matching degree, the cultivated land plot corresponds to another crop; otherwise, other crops other than corn and soybeans are selected.

[0073] The purpose of this step is to conduct a final screening of the crops corresponding to the cultivated land plots in order to ensure crop yield and straw output.

[0074] This involves comparing the matching degree of each soil environmental data point of the cultivated land plot with the corresponding soil environmental requirements. If all matching degrees are not lower than the preset matching degree, then it is considered that another crop can be planted in the cultivated land plot.

[0075] For the matching degree, it can be processed by the deviation degree calculation method in step S121 (2). Of course, it can also be processed entirely by the deviation degree index to judge the degree of correspondence between another crop and cultivated land plot.

[0076] If another crop is found to be unsuitable for a particular plot of land, it means that the plot cannot be planted with corn or soybeans, and other crops need to be selected.

[0077] As for the selection of other crops, the selection can be based directly on the soil environment of the cultivated land plot, as long as the crops planted on the cultivated land plot can grow normally.

[0078] It should be noted that the "other crop" mentioned in this step refers to a situation where the arable land plot already corresponds to one dominant crop, namely corn or soybeans. In this case, the other crop is a non-dominant crop; that is, if the arable land plot corresponds to corn, then the other crop refers to soybeans. For example... Figure 3The diagram shown illustrates the distribution of dominant crops in a soil fertility improvement method based on intercropping corn and soybeans, as provided in this application embodiment. The crops are identified, with each plot of arable land having a corresponding dominant crop. The dominant crop for the first plot is corn, for the second plot it is soybeans, for the third plot it is soybeans, and for the fifth plot it is corn. However, for the fourth plot, it is found that its dominant crop is neither corn nor soybeans; therefore, other crops are selected to adapt to the soil environment of the arable land. This step ensures that the economic benefits of the crops and the amount of straw produced meet the requirements.

[0079] S122. Obtain the environmental requirements for corn and soybeans during their growth process to obtain soil environmental requirements.

[0080] The purpose of this step is that, for large areas of arable land, the soil environment in different regions is likely to be different, and this environment often has different effects on the crops planted. Therefore, in the specific intercropping of corn and soybeans, it is also necessary to consider the key influencing factor of the environment.

[0081] The analysis of the environmental requirements for corn and soybean growth included long-term soil moisture content, soil depth, soil drainage capacity, and soil temperature.

[0082] Regarding the environmental requirements for corn and soybeans during their growth process, on the one hand, these requirements must be applicable throughout the entire process from sowing to harvesting; on the other hand, the information on these requirements can be obtained based on current research findings. This application does not impose any technical limitations on the methods for requirement analysis.

[0083] S123. Within the cultivated land plot, the length direction of the optimal parameter distribution area that meets the soil environment requirements of the dominant crop is taken as the direction of the dominant crop ridge, and the benchmark position of the dominant crop within the corresponding cultivated land plot is determined according to the intercropping configuration pattern.

[0084] The purpose of this step is to address the fact that, in the adaptation analysis of corn or soybeans to arable land plots, step S121 only analyzed whether the nutrients rich in these plots could support the normal growth of crops in the initial growth cycle, but the influence of the environment on crop growth status was not analyzed. This step is to lay the foundation for the subsequent process of eliminating environmental factors. At the same time, for large areas of arable land, there may be uneven environmental distribution in different areas. In order to ensure crop yield, it is necessary to make full use of the optimal soil environment to achieve the most complete application of good space.

[0085] This requires determining the soil environment of all arable land plots. This determination process must be the same as the analysis of environmental elements required for the growth of corn and soybeans, and quantitative testing must be conducted. The quantitative testing methods are all existing technologies and are not limited in this application.

[0086] For each plot of land, it is necessary to determine the detailed environmental distribution within each plot of cultivated land, which can be done based on the distribution location of sensors.

[0087] Considering that the distribution of the same environment within a plot of cultivated land is usually irregular, we can define the outermost rectangle that can accommodate the entire distribution area based on the outermost edge of the distribution area. The length direction of this rectangle is the direction of the ridges of the dominant crops in that area.

[0088] For different plots of farmland, it is not necessary to ensure that the direction of the ridges is the same in every plot. This is because for large-scale farmland, the planting and harvesting are often mechanized. In this case, the direction of the ridges has little impact on the efficiency and quality of crop planting and harvesting.

[0089] In some embodiments, the matching degree between dominant crops and cultivated land plots is also analyzed in the soil samples obtained within the set sampling points. That is, the environmental area obtained within the correspondence between the dominant crops in the soil and the already determined field ridge direction is analyzed to see if the soil nutrients in the environmental area are suitable for the corresponding dominant crops. Of course, they are usually compatible. If it is found that the environment and dominant crops are completely mismatched, environmental verification can be carried out according to the method mentioned in step S121, or the dominant crops can be screened.

[0090] The so-called intercropping configuration refers to the number of ridges in adjacent areas when corn and soybeans are intercropped. A corn:soybean row ratio of 2:2, 2:4, or 4:4 can be used. When using uniform ridge planting, corn ridges are planted in single rows, and soybean ridges in double rows, with a row spacing of 15-20 cm. When using wide ridge planting, corn ridges are planted in double rows, with a ridge spacing of 40 cm, and soybean ridges in four rows, with a row spacing of 20 cm.

[0091] The so-called benchmark location refers to the distribution pattern of dominant crops within the optimal parameter distribution area, that is: within the optimal parameter distribution area... n If each ridge is set as the dominant crop, then this n Each ridge serves as a reference point. For example, taking corn as an example... n It is 2 or 4; if it is a soybean, it is any natural number between 2 and 4.

[0092] S124. Based on the benchmark location of the dominant crop within the corresponding cultivated land plot, determine the distribution location of corn and soybean within each cultivated land plot.

[0093] The purpose of this step is to definitively determine the distribution of dominant crops within each plot of arable land, and to obtain the specific details. S1241. Based on the baseline location of the dominant crop within the corresponding cultivated land plot and the intercropping configuration mode used, obtain the initial distribution location of corn and soybean within the cultivated land plot.

[0094] The purpose of this step is that, having determined the baseline location of the dominant crop within its corresponding arable land plot, the distribution locations of corn and soybeans can then be determined based on that baseline location.

[0095] After determining the baseline location, the distribution of the number of rows for corn and soybeans is determined according to the intercropping configuration mode used. Then, the distribution location of corn and soybeans can be obtained, which is the initial distribution location.

[0096] S1242. Obtain the ratio of the area of ​​the continuous cropping area to the area of ​​the cultivated land plot between the initial distribution location of corn and soybean in the current cultivation cycle and the distribution location of corn and soybean in the previous cultivation cycle.

[0097] The purpose of this step is that intercropping of corn and soybeans often needs to be combined with crop rotation measures to avoid crop yield reduction. However, if crop rotation measures are used directly, it conflicts with the technical concept of this application. This application aims to find a more accurate, complete and comprehensive crop selection method based on soil nutrients and environment. In particular, considering that the soil environment often cannot change completely in the short term, such as some areas being more prone to waterlogging or some areas having higher soil sand content, the technical concept of this application is to conduct a re-screening. However, it also considers the need to avoid continuous cropping to the greatest extent possible. Therefore, it is necessary to impose certain restrictions on continuous cropping to ensure yield. This step is built based on this need.

[0098] This includes obtaining the distribution locations of corn and soybeans in the previous planting cycle.

[0099] This involves obtaining the initial distribution locations of corn and soybeans within the current planting cycle, comparing the distribution locations of corn and soybeans between the two cycles, and identifying the areas where crops are planted at the same location in both cycles. The areas corresponding to these areas are the continuous planting areas.

[0100] The method involves obtaining the area of ​​continuously cultivated areas within all cultivated land plots and the area ratio of each cultivated land plot. The result obtained is the area ratio of the continuously cultivated area of ​​crops within the cultivated land plot.

[0101] S1243. Obtain cultivated land plots with an area ratio not lower than the preset area ratio, and move the initial distribution positions of corn and soybeans along the direction perpendicular to the field ridges, and obtain the area ratio of the new continuous cultivated area in the cultivated land plot to obtain the new area ratio.

[0102] The purpose of this step is to verify the percentage of continuously cultivated areas to determine whether the determined initial distribution locations can be used directly.

[0103] The required preset area ratio can be determined directly by the experience of technical personnel, or set according to the minimum production capacity. There are various setting methods, and this application does not limit them.

[0104] If the actual area acquired is not lower than the preset area ratio, it indicates that the area of ​​continuous cultivation is too high, which may lead to crop yield reduction. Obviously, this situation needs to be avoided.

[0105] When the area ratio is found to be no less than the preset area ratio, the initial distribution positions of corn and soybeans are shifted as a whole. Of course, this shifting measure is only within the cultivated land plot.

[0106] For the translation method, the translation step size can be set to 1, that is, only 1 row is translated each time. Of course, the translation process also needs to ensure that it conforms to the intercropping configuration mode.

[0107] After each translation, it is necessary to obtain the area ratio of the continuously cultivated area to the area of ​​the cultivated land plot, and the result is the new area ratio.

[0108] In this application, it is necessary to explain the rationality of the translation method adopted: within two adjacent cycles, the environmental changes within the cultivated land plot are not significant. When translating, if the preset area ratio is set to 50%, then half of the translation is usually sufficient. In other words, this translation method is significantly related to the preset area ratio and is technically feasible.

[0109] S1244. Until the new area ratio is not higher than the preset area ratio, obtain the distribution location of corn and soybeans in each cultivated land plot to obtain the preset distribution location.

[0110] The purpose of this step is to determine the area percentage and whether the result can be correlated with the distribution of corn and soybeans.

[0111] This involves obtaining the new area percentage after each translation and comparing it with the preset area percentage to determine whether the current translation result is usable.

[0112] The current distribution of corn and soybeans can only be considered usable, i.e., the preset distribution location, when the new area ratio obtained is not higher than the preset area ratio.

[0113] The reason why the result is a preset distribution location is that the outermost crops of adjacent farmland plots are likely to be the same, or even have too many identical rows, which is unreasonable and therefore may require further adjustment.

[0114] In some embodiments, the “preset distribution location” in this process can be directly identified as the distribution location of corn and soybeans within the cultivated land plot, without the need for step S1245, because the outermost crops are allowed to be the same between adjacent cultivated land plots.

[0115] S1245. Obtain adjacent cultivated land plots with the same outermost crop type at the preset distribution location, and adjust the outermost crop type to obtain the distribution location of corn and soybeans in each cultivated land plot.

[0116] The purpose of this step is to further adjust the intercropping configuration mode. It should be noted that this step is not a specific step that can be directly removed.

[0117] Among them, the crop types at the outermost edge of two adjacent cultivated land plots are compared. If it is found that the two adjacent cultivated land plots have the same field ridge direction and the same crop type, then the crops on the edge side of the adjacent cultivated land plots need to be adjusted.

[0118] If different crop types are found, no adjustment is needed. However, if the same crop type is found and there are too many rows of the same crop in the edge area of ​​adjacent cultivated land plots, such as more than 6 rows, then adjustment is needed. Obviously, this parameter needs to be limited. As for the limiting rules, they shall be set by technical personnel and this application does not limit them.

[0119] During the adjustment phase, adjustments need to be made within the designated area. Crops in other non-adjacent areas within the cultivated land plot cannot be modified to avoid a sudden increase in the workload of the adjustment.

[0120] In the case of adjusting the crop distribution in the edge area, the adjacent area with too many rows of the same crop is directly regarded as an independent area, and the crops are directly adjusted for it. This process can be determined according to the arbitrarily set intercropping configuration mode without considering other constraints.

[0121] The reason for using this method in step S124 is that only by ensuring the normal growth of corn and soybeans can a sufficient amount of straw be obtained, and the quality of the straw will also be better. All the above steps are for this purpose. Figure 4 The diagram shown illustrates the crop distribution of a soil fertility improvement method based on corn-soybean intercropping, as provided in this application embodiment. Thick lines represent planting ridges for dominant crops, thin lines represent planting ridges for non-dominant crops based on intercropping requirements, and ellipses indicate ridges not explicitly shown. For the fourth plot, i.e., the arable land where the dominant crop is another crop, multiple crops are planted together, corresponding to... Figure 2 In the fifth plot of cultivated land, the closed parabolic curve represents the optimal parameter distribution area that meets the soil environmental requirements of the dominant crops. Clearly, its length direction is... Figure 4 Regarding the direction of the field ridges in the fifth plot, it is important to note... Figure 4 The proportion and number of thick and thin lines do not represent the specific number of crop rows planted, but are merely a representation. Furthermore, for two adjacent plots with the same ridge direction, it is necessary to ensure that the crop types corresponding to the ridges in the adjacent areas are reasonably configured. However, for adjacent plots of cultivated land with different ridge directions, this adjustment is not necessary. At the same time, for each plot of cultivated land, the process of determining the ridge direction needs to follow the pattern of determining the ridge direction for the closed area of ​​the fifth plot, and the ridge direction of all cultivated land plots needs to be determined.

[0122] The beneficial effect of step S120 is that the distribution location of corn and soybeans is reasonably selected, thereby ensuring that the nutrient composition of the cultivated land can support the nutritional needs of corn or soybeans in subsequent crop planting, while the soil environment will not have a negative impact on the growth status of corn or soybeans, thus ensuring crop yield and straw output.

[0123] As described in step S130, the purpose of this step is to enable the return of corn and soybean straw to the field during soil fertility improvement, thereby ensuring that the straw decomposition process provides more organic matter and other nutrients to the farmland, thus achieving soil fertility improvement. Specifically: S131. Obtain the distribution locations of corn and soybeans in all cultivated land plots, and plant corn and soybeans.

[0124] The purpose of this step is to plant corn or soybeans after determining the location of all plots.

[0125] The process involves determining the location of corn or soybeans within each plot before planting.

[0126] Specialized field management operations are required during the growth period of corn and soybeans.

[0127] S132. After the corn and soybeans are harvested, the straw is crushed and mixed, and a decomposition accelerator is sprayed evenly to obtain straw to be returned to the field.

[0128] The purpose of this step is to pre-treat the straw.

[0129] The process involves mixing all the straws obtained and then crushing them.

[0130] Among them, the crushed mixed straw needs to be sprayed evenly with a decomposition accelerator, and the product obtained at this time is the straw returned to the field.

[0131] S133. Based on the soil nutrient composition after the harvest of the crops in each cultivated land plot, obtain the amount of straw returned to the field for each cultivated land plot, and carry out straw return to the field.

[0132] The purpose of this step is to determine the amount of straw to be returned to the field and then carry out specific straw return operations to improve the rationality of straw return operations. Specifically: S1331. After crop harvest, soil nutrient content is measured for each cultivated plot to obtain the composition of soil nutrients after harvest.

[0133] The purpose of this step is that after crop harvesting, the content and composition of nutrients in the soil will change, and the nutrient parameters in the soil before crop cultivation will be completely different. Therefore, in order to reasonably improve soil fertility, it is necessary to test the soil nutrients.

[0134] During the soil nutrient measurement, the cultivated land can be divided into regions according to the cultivated land plots already delineated in step S110 to determine the nutrient composition within each cultivated land plot.

[0135] In some embodiments, the area is divided in exactly the same way as in step S110 to determine the soil nutrient composition in different arable land plots, which is then used to configure the amount of straw returned to the field.

[0136] S1332. Obtain the decomposition pattern and nutrient output of straw returned to the field within the space and time of the cultivated land, so as to obtain the decomposition characteristics.

[0137] The purpose of this step is to obtain the decomposition characteristics of straw returned to the field based on the location and decomposition time of large-scale cultivated land, and to analyze the amount of straw to be returned to the field in the following period.

[0138] Among them, the location of cultivated land is obtained, and based on the location, the impact of local climate patterns and changes in the soil internal environment on the decomposition state of straw returned to the field is obtained. The decomposition patterns analyzed in this process include all spatial information such as soil temperature-decomposition rate and soil moisture-decomposition rate, as well as the management relationship of decomposition patterns.

[0139] In particular, considering the large-scale arable land, especially in Northeast China, the off-season is very long and spans multiple seasons. The climate and environment change significantly during these periods. Therefore, in the treatment process, it is necessary to analyze the decomposition rate of straw returned to the field, the release of various nutrients, the degree of decomposition, etc., in each time period, and establish corresponding relationships.

[0140] This also requires obtaining the nutrient yield of straw returned to the field in various soil environments and at different times. The specific yield can be obtained through laboratory testing, field sampling and analysis, and other methods.

[0141] In particular, to understand the decomposition pattern and nutrient output of straw returned to the field, it is necessary to establish the correlation between the two, such as the decomposition rate per unit time and the output of various nutrients per unit time. Then, the decomposition pattern is correlated with spatiotemporal information, and the corresponding relationship obtained is the decomposition characteristics of straw returned to the field in cultivated land.

[0142] S1333. Based on the goal of improving soil fertility, obtain the target amount of soil nutrients in the next farming cycle and the decomposition characteristics of straw returned to the field, and obtain the amount of straw returned to the field for each farmland plot.

[0143] The purpose of this step is to finalize the amount of straw to be returned to the field in each plot of cultivated land, so as to ensure that there is a sufficient amount of straw provided in each area during the process of improving soil fertility, thereby improving the effect of straw return to the field.

[0144] The target amount of soil nutrients is determined based on the specific location of the arable land and the set target. This process only requires determination according to the established standards.

[0145] This requires determining, based on the decomposition characteristics of the returned straw, common climate parameters, soil environmental parameters, and nutrient yield per unit volume of returned straw during the entire fallow period.

[0146] This involves obtaining the amount of straw to be returned to the field for each nutrient in the current soil to achieve the target, and then selecting the straw return amount with the largest value to determine the amount of straw to be returned to the field for each plot of cultivated land.

[0147] It should be noted that this step can be based directly on the cultivated land plots obtained in step S110 for regional division. This is because the cultivated land plots are planted with the same crops and have basically the same soil environment. Obviously, the amount of nutrients consumed by the crops during normal growth is also the same. Therefore, after the crops are harvested, the nutrient composition in the soil is also basically the same. Therefore, the boundaries can be directly divided based on the cultivated land plots.

[0148] The beneficial effect of step S130 is that by determining the amount of straw returned to the field for each cultivated land plot, it ensures that sufficient nutrients are provided to all plots when soil fertility is improved.

[0149] As described in step S140, the purpose of this step is to monitor the decomposition status of returned straw in the soil, so that in subsequent treatments, the decomposition problem of returned straw can be analyzed and resolved. Specifically: S141. Based on the detection device, the decomposition status of straw returned to the field in the soil is acquired in real time and recorded.

[0150] The purpose of this step is to track and evaluate the decomposition status of straw returned to the field, so that the actual decomposition status can be determined based on the results obtained.

[0151] The methods required for analyzing the decomposition status of straw returned to the field in the soil include various methods such as ultrasonic testing to determine straw clumping and soil sampling, which are not limited in this application.

[0152] Among these, the decomposition status of straw returned to the field in the soil needs to be continuously monitored, and the test results should be recorded.

[0153] In addition to recording each time, the decomposition rate and progress of the straw returned to the field can be calculated based on the results of two adjacent records.

[0154] For information recording, in addition to the information on the decomposition of the straw returned to the field, the recorded information also needs to include all data such as the detection time, climate parameters, and soil environmental information.

[0155] S142. Based on the decomposition characteristics of straw returned to the field, obtain the theoretical decomposition state of straw returned to the field.

[0156] The purpose of this step is to determine the theoretical decomposition state in order to obtain a basis for comparison of the decomposition state of straw returned to the field under normal conditions.

[0157] Based on the obtained information on the decomposition characteristics of straw returned to the field, the theoretical decomposition state of the straw is determined based on the same recording time, the type of information recorded, and the current decomposition time.

[0158] S143. Compare the real-time decomposition status of straw returned to the field in each cultivated land plot with the theoretical decomposition status to identify cultivated land plots where the straw returned to the field has not decomposed normally.

[0159] The purpose of this step is to determine and analyze the decomposition status of straw returned to the field in cultivated land, so as to determine whether the straw returned to the field in each cultivated land plot can decompose normally, and to identify cultivated land plots that have not decomposed normally.

[0160] For each cultivated land plot, the theoretical decomposition state and the measured decomposition state of straw returned to the field are compared at the same time point to obtain the difference between the measured decomposition state and the theoretical decomposition state of each cultivated land plot.

[0161] This process involves comparing the obtained differences with specific comparative information. When the actual effect and the theoretical effect are found to be too far apart, exceeding the set difference threshold, it is considered that the straw returned to the field in the current cultivated land plot has not decomposed properly.

[0162] S144. Obtain the soil environment of cultivated land plots where straw returned to the field has not decomposed normally, and obtain the environmental factors that affect the decomposition state of straw returned to the field.

[0163] The purpose of this step is to analyze the factors that cause the failure of returned straw to decompose properly, in order to find the cause of this problem.

[0164] The analysis of the soil environment includes various factors such as the distribution of microbial communities in the soil, soil pH, soil moisture content, and soil temperature.

[0165] Among these methods, various approaches, such as laboratory simulation and technical personnel experience analysis, can be used to identify the causes of the straw returning to the field not being able to decompose properly, and to determine the causes. This application does not limit the specific methods used in this process.

[0166] The beneficial effect of step S140 is that after straw is returned to the field, the decomposition of straw is tracked and evaluated, and the farmland plots that fail to decompose properly and the causes of the problem are identified. This lays the foundation for subsequent work to adjust the decomposition environment of straw returned to the field, so as to avoid the problem that the decomposition efficiency and effectiveness of straw is too low due to the failure to track it. Not only will it fail to provide nutrients effectively, but it may also lead to the accumulation of toxic and harmful substances produced during the straw decomposition process, which will cause the problem of soil fertility decline.

[0167] As described in step S150, the purpose of this step is to adjust the soil environment after problems are found in the decomposition of straw returned to the field, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of straw return to the field in the soil. Specifically: S151. Based on the environmental impact factors, obtain the corresponding environmental impact factor processing method.

[0168] The purpose of this step is to determine the adjustment methods for environmental impact factors.

[0169] Regarding environmental impact factors, based on what has already been determined, methods for adjusting specific environmental elements are then developed.

[0170] Regarding the selection of adjustment methods for environmental elements, corresponding processing methods for different environmental information have already been obtained in practice. In this process, it is only necessary to process based on the obtained experience, and this application does not impose any restrictions.

[0171] S152. Implement corresponding environmental impact factor treatment methods, and monitor and adjust the environmental adjustment effects in real time until the straw returned to the field decomposes normally.

[0172] The purpose of this step is to apply the obtained methods for treating environmental impact factors in practice, thereby ensuring that the straw returned to the field is in a normal decomposition state.

[0173] The process involves implementing methods to address influencing factors and, during the implementation phase, tracking the effects of environmental adjustments in real time to obtain specific adjustment analysis results.

[0174] Among these measures, it is necessary to track the decomposition state of the straw returned to the field under the achieved adjustment effect, and only when the decomposition state is the same as the theoretical state can it be considered that the current environmental adjustment effect has achieved the expected target.

[0175] In terms of the effectiveness of environmental adjustment, it is also necessary to make corresponding fine adjustments to the methods used in the process of dealing with environmental impact factors until the straw returned to the field decomposes normally.

[0176] The beneficial effect of step S150 is that by adjusting the environment, it can be ensured that the straw returned to the field can decompose normally in the soil.

[0177] As described in step S160, the purpose of this step is to treat the farmland before the start of the next farming cycle, thereby ensuring that the farmland fertility is improved. Specifically: S161. Before the start of the next planting season, the remaining straw in the cultivated land shall be crushed and plowed to obtain new cultivated land soil.

[0178] The purpose of this step is to treat the soil that has undergone a cycle of straw return treatment, thereby making the soil more fertile after tilling.

[0179] In this process, the remaining undecomposed straw in the soil needs to be rotary tilled during the actual plowing process to further crush it.

[0180] In this process, the further crushed straw is plowed into the soil, resulting in plowed soil.

[0181] S162. Uniformly sample the soil of the new cultivated land, and divide the cultivated land based on the nutrient composition of the uniformly sampled soil to obtain newly divided cultivated land plots.

[0182] The purpose of this step is to analyze the nutrient composition of the soil in order to redefine arable land plots.

[0183] The method used in this step is exactly the same as that in step S110, and will not be described again here.

[0184] As described in step S160, the beneficial effect of this step is that it enables the continuous use of arable land and the recycling of the entire technical solution.

[0185] As described in step S170, the purpose of this step is to explain the application mode of the subsequent technical solution. Specifically: S171. Based on the soil nutrient composition and soil environment within the newly divided arable land plots, determine whether to plant corn or soybeans within the newly divided arable land plots.

[0186] The purpose of this step is to determine the types of crops that should be planted on the new arable land plots.

[0187] The specific implementation method of this step is exactly the same as that of step S120, and will not be described again here.

[0188] It should be noted that if the location of the new cultivated land plot is exactly the same as or overlaps with the original cultivated land plot, and the original overlapping or identical plot was planted with soybeans, then it must be adjusted to corn in the new cycle. Otherwise, no adjustment is required. In addition, after the change from soybeans to corn, the crop to be planted in the adjacent new cultivated land plot is determined and needs to be adjusted appropriately according to the intercropping rules of corn and soybeans. The specific adjustment rules are also mentioned in step S120 and will not be repeated here.

[0189] In some embodiments, crop rotation can be carried out directly. Of course, this method is simple to implement, but its disadvantage is that it is difficult to fully consider the actual changes in soil parameters within the cultivated land plot, rationally select crops for cultivation plots, and continuously improve soil quality.

[0190] S172. Plant corn or soybeans in all newly designated arable land plots, return straw to the field after harvest, and adjust the soil environment to improve the degree of straw decomposition.

[0191] The purpose of this step is to return straw to the field after the new planting cycle has ended.

[0192] The specific implementation method of this step is exactly the same as that of steps S130 to S150, and will not be described again here.

[0193] The beneficial effect of step S170 is that it can ensure the normal decomposition of straw returned to the field, providing sufficient nutrients to the soil, thereby achieving a continuous improvement in the fertility of the cultivated land.

[0194] The beneficial effects of this application include: 1. Improved the rationality of corn-soybean intercropping location. The technical solution of this application determines the location of corn and soybeans. During the determination stage, both the nutritional needs of corn and soybeans in the soil and their adaptability to the soil environment are considered. This ensures that the nutritional needs of corn and soybeans are met, thereby increasing their yield and straw output, while avoiding the negative impact of the soil environment on corn or soybean growth, which could lead to reduced yield and straw output, or even large-scale death of corn or soybeans, resulting in the production of toxic substances in the soil.

[0195] 2. Improved effectiveness of straw return to the field. The technical solution of this application involves real-time monitoring of the rate and extent of decomposition of the returned straw in the soil. When a low decomposition rate is detected, the cause of the problem is identified. In subsequent treatment, environmental adjustments can be made to allow the returned straw to decompose faster and more thoroughly. Based on this method, the nutrient output of the decomposed returned straw is increased, thereby significantly improving soil fertility.

[0196] 3. Achieved cyclical improvement of arable land fertility. In the technical solution of this application, after the planting and harvesting of each crop, the obtained straw is returned to the field. At the same time, before the start of the next planting cycle, the soil of the arable land is retested. In this way, it can be ensured that the distribution of corn and soybeans is re-determined based on the obtained nutrient test results during each planting period, and the subsequent planting and straw return operations are continuously completed. In this way, the continuous improvement of arable land fertility can be achieved.

[0197] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to computer program instructions. The aforementioned computer program can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium, and when executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. Alternatively, if the integrated unit of the present invention is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a non-volatile storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a non-volatile storage medium and includes several instructions to cause an electronic device (which may be a personal computer, server, network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0198] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving soil fertility based on corn-soybean intercropping, characterized in that, The method for improving soil fertility includes: Before cultivation begins, the composition of nutrients in the soil within the cultivated area is obtained, and the area is divided to obtain cultivated land plots. To obtain information on the soil nutrient and environmental requirements of corn and soybeans, and to determine the distribution of corn and soybeans within each arable land plot; In all arable land plots, corn and soybeans are planted according to their distribution locations, and the straw is returned to the field after harvest; Real-time acquisition of the decomposition status of straw returned to the field in each cultivated land plot, and acquisition of environmental impact factors of straw that has not decomposed normally; Based on the aforementioned environmental impact factors, environmental adjustments were made to the soil of the cultivated land plots. Before the start of the next planting season, the farmland is plowed, and the remaining straw that was returned to the field is crushed and plowed into the soil. The farmland is then divided into new plots. Corn or soybeans are planted in the newly designated arable land plots, and straw is returned to the field and the soil environment is adjusted after harvesting to improve the degree of straw decomposition.

2. The method for improving soil fertility based on corn-soybean intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before cultivation begins, the nutrient composition of the soil within the cultivated area is obtained, and the area is divided to obtain cultivated land plots, including: The soil in the cultivated area was uniformly sampled, and the nutrient composition of each sampling point was obtained. Nutrients are collected to form a cluster of identical sampling points, and the cultivated land is divided into regions based on the cluster of sampling points. The obtained regional division results are correlated with the corresponding nutrient composition to determine arable land plots.

3. The method for improving soil fertility based on corn-soybean intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the soil nutrient and environmental requirements of corn and soybeans, and determining the distribution of corn and soybeans within each arable land plot, includes: The nutrient requirements of corn and soybeans during the initial growth period were obtained and compared with the nutrient composition data of cultivated land plots to identify the dominant crops within the cultivated land plots. To obtain the environmental requirements for corn and soybeans during their growth process, in order to obtain soil environmental requirements; Within a cultivated land plot, the length direction of the optimal parameter distribution area that meets the soil environment requirements of the dominant crop is taken as the direction of the dominant crop ridge, and the benchmark position of the dominant crop within the corresponding cultivated land plot is determined according to the intercropping configuration pattern. Based on the baseline location of the dominant crops within the corresponding cultivated land plots, the distribution locations of corn and soybeans within each cultivated land plot are determined.

4. The method for improving soil fertility based on corn-soybean intercropping according to claim 3, characterized in that, The determination of the distribution location of corn and soybeans within each cultivated land plot based on the benchmark location of the dominant crop within the corresponding cultivated land plot includes: Based on the baseline location of the dominant crop within the corresponding cultivated land plot and the intercropping configuration used, the initial distribution locations of corn and soybean within the cultivated land plot are obtained. The method obtains the initial distribution location of corn and soybeans in the current planting cycle and the distribution location of corn and soybeans in the previous planting cycle, and the percentage of the area of ​​the crop-continuously-cultivated area in the cultivated land plot. Obtain cultivated land plots with an area ratio not lower than the preset area ratio, and move the initial distribution positions of corn and soybeans as a whole along the direction perpendicular to the field ridges, and obtain the area ratio of the new continuous cultivated area in the cultivated land plot to obtain the new area ratio. Until the new area ratio is no higher than the preset area ratio, the distribution of corn and soybeans in each cultivated land plot is obtained to obtain the preset distribution location; Obtain adjacent farmland plots with the same outermost crop type at the preset distribution location, and adjust the outermost crop type to obtain the distribution location of corn and soybeans within each farmland plot.

5. A method for improving soil fertility based on corn-soybean intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting of corn and soybeans in all cultivated land plots according to their distribution, and the return of straw to the field after harvest, includes: Obtain the distribution locations of corn and soybeans within all cultivated land plots, and then plant corn and soybeans accordingly; After corn and soybeans are harvested, the straw is crushed and mixed, and a decomposition accelerator is sprayed evenly to obtain straw to be returned to the field. Based on the soil nutrient composition after the harvest of the crops in each arable land plot, the amount of straw returned to the field for each arable land plot is obtained, and the straw is returned to the field.

6. A method for improving soil fertility based on corn-soybean intercropping according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the amount of straw returned to the field for each cultivated land plot based on the soil nutrient composition after crop harvest, and then returning the straw to the field, includes: After crop harvest, soil nutrient content is measured in each plot of cultivated land to obtain the composition of soil nutrients after harvest. To obtain the decomposition patterns and nutrient production of straw returned to the field within the spatial and temporal context of the cultivated land, so as to obtain the decomposition characteristics; Based on the goal of improving soil fertility, the target amount of soil nutrients in the next farming cycle and the decomposition characteristics of straw returned to the field are obtained, and the amount of straw returned to the field for each farmland plot is obtained.

7. A method for improving soil fertility based on corn-soybean intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time acquisition of the decomposition status of straw returned to the field in each cultivated land plot, and the acquisition of environmental impact factors of straw that has not decomposed normally, include: Based on the detection device, the decomposition status of straw returned to the field in the soil is acquired in real time and recorded; Based on the decomposition characteristics of straw returned to the field, the theoretical decomposition state of straw returned to the field is obtained; The real-time decomposition status of straw returned to the field in each cultivated land plot is compared with the theoretical decomposition status to identify cultivated land plots where straw returned to the field has not decomposed normally. To obtain soil environmental data from cultivated land plots where straw returned to the field failed to decompose normally, and to identify environmental factors affecting the decomposition status of straw returned to the field.

8. A method for improving soil fertility based on corn-soybean intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental adjustment of soil in cultivated land plots based on the aforementioned environmental influencing factors includes: Based on the aforementioned environmental impact factors, corresponding environmental impact factor treatment methods are obtained; Implement corresponding environmental impact factor treatment methods, and monitor and adjust the environmental adjustment effects in real time until the straw returned to the field decomposes normally.

9. A method for improving soil fertility based on corn-soybean intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before the start of the next planting season, the farmland is plowed, and any remaining straw returned to the field is shredded and incorporated into the soil. The land is then divided into newly designated farmland plots, including: Before the start of the next planting season, the remaining straw in the cultivated land is crushed and plowed to obtain new cultivated soil. The soil of the new arable land is uniformly sampled, and the arable land is divided based on the nutrient composition of the uniformly sampled soil to obtain newly divided arable land plots.

10. A method for improving soil fertility based on corn-soybean intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting of corn or soybeans in newly designated arable land plots, followed by straw return to the field and soil environment adjustment after harvest to improve the degree of straw decomposition, includes: Based on the soil nutrient composition and soil environment within the newly divided arable land plots, the determination of whether to plant corn or soybeans within the newly divided arable land plots is made. Corn or soybeans were planted in all newly designated arable land plots, and straw was returned to the field after harvest, along with soil environmental adjustments to improve the degree of straw decomposition.

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